d . THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAy. rORTLAXD, SEPTEMBER 6, 1903.
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PORTLAND. SClDAT, SEPT.
MR. CUTCELAXiyg LAST MSSACK.
The New York Times, the Pitta
burg' Dispatch and many other news
papers that share the copyright, pub
lished last Sunday an article on the
present state of politics and aspect of
public affairs In our country, by the
late President Cleveland The article
was the first of an Intended aeries of
.three, for which arrangements had
teen made by a syndicate of many
newspapers. It will be remembered that
'Mr. Cleveland's death came suddenly.
'It was a surprise even to' his physl
, cians. and could not have been expect
ed by himself so soon. No trace of
the other two articles which he had
(promised has been found among his
'papers. Indeed, from the plan he had
announced, it was too early to write
them.- The one he finished Is a general
discussion of the political field, the
Issues of the Presidential year and the
men; the second was to deal more at
large with the issues as developed in
the contest, and was to appear in Sep
tember; the third was to deal with
the doubtful states, and was to fee pub
lished just before the election.
The article which has been given to
the public was written just before the
party conventions were held, and from
knowledge then general that Taft and
Bryan were to be the candidates. "The
campaign upon which we are now en
tering." wrote Mr. Cleveland, "sig
nalizes the crystallization of more that
is new than any other within forty
years, yet is not so important for the
policies that it will fix for the next
four years as for the greater changes
that its results will be found to fore
shadow." It was believed by Mr. Cleve
land that Mr. Taft would be elected,
and in the circumstances he thought
he ought to be. His reasons were his
distrust of "Bryanlsm" Mr. Cleve
land's own term, by which, of course,
he means the change that has taken
place In the general policy of the Dem
ocratic party under the leadership of
Mr. Bryan; the fact that Mr. Taft
ever has been sound on the questions
of money and finance, while Mr. Bry
an never has been; again.- that Mr.
Taft has a record in official life that
proves his quality as an administrator
and as a Judge, both able and consci
entious. Mr. Cleveland states that per
sonally and .officially he has had op
portunity of knowing many things
concerning Mr. Taft that were not
matters of general knowledge, upon
which he judges the man. His treat
ment of the rights and claims of union
labor, as well as of independent labor
commends him to Mr. Cleveland, as
against the variable course which Mr.
Bryan has pursued: while hia knowl
edge of the "outlying domain" our
newly acquired possessions and his
record for adjustment of difficult
'questions therein, mark his especial
: fitness for dealing- with these special
duties, which it is not possible to
evade or escape. Lest he be misun
derstood, Mr. Cleveland has said very
little of Mr. Bryan, but makes it clear
that in his opinion Mr. Bryan ought
not to be elected.
It was Mr. Cleveland's view that
Mr. Taft ought to be elected because
he stands for the permanence of right
principles, and moreover that he
would be elected, not merely because
of those principles, but also because
of the weakening effect on Mr. Bry
. an's canvas produced by the course
of Mr. Hearst and Mr. Watson and
their followers, and In greater degree
because of the rapidly increasing
strength of Socialist party under the
present leadership of Mr. Debs.
In. his analysis of the situation Mr.
Cleveland adverts to the prohibition
question, to the action of Governor
Hughes against race track gambling
and to his Insistence on other reforms,
' to the claims of the Socialists and to
several other subjects now under dis
cussion by greater or larger numbers.
The article throughout is exceedingly
compact and direct, and ought to be
read by the whole body of the Amer
ican people. There is a pathetic
touch, too, in the thought that it was
Mr. Cleveland's "last word" to the
country. The Democratic Convention,
that renominated Mr. Bryan, paid an
extraordinary tribute to Mr. Cleveland,
after his death, yet refused to honor
him by following any part of the. ad
vice or example he had given during
his great career.
CTRB TRICK LAWYERS"
One reason why lawyers are so fre
quently unscrupulous is that success
In their profession depends upon win
ning cases, and it Is deemed a greater
evidence of ability If a lawyer wins
for the wrong side than if he wins
for the side that has the right of the
controversy. To win the case becomes
the sole object in a trial and if the
adverse litigant does not get Justice,
that Is his fault or the fault of his
lawyer, even though the winning at
torney may have resorted to sharp
practice. This spirit of devotion to a
client's Interests gives rise to the feel
ing that all is fair in litigation as well
as in war. Lawyers become accus
tomed to seeing cases go to the jury
with part of the important evidence
knowingly suppressed. They see cases
won and lost on technicalities that
have little or nothing to do with the
merits. By constant observance of
denied or dearly-bought justice, law
yers become hardened, and it is not
surprising if many of them eventually
resort to methods which they would
not have thought of employing when
they first began to ' practice law. If
they do not adopt the policy of "any
. thing to win" they become callous
; enough to do almost anything to win.
'The lawyer who loses cases, even
though on the wrong side, loses stand
ing thereby. To him the all-Important
thing Is to win. He has a personal
interest in securing his clients' de
mands, even though those demands
may be unjust.
It would be interesting to observe
the effect of having all cases tried by
attorneys employed by the public and
not by the parties. A city of 10,000
Inhabitants has fifteen to twenty law
yers, most of them making a bare
living. Two firms of attorneys could
do all. the work distributed among a
dozen firms. Directly or indirectly,
practically all the people of a com
munity contribute toward the main
tenance of an unnecessary number of
lawyers. Is it not likely that the bur
den would be lighter and better serv
ice would be secured if two lawyers
were employed by the public to attend
to all the litigation of all the people
of the community? Since incentive
to defeat the cause of justice would be
removed, much less time and work
would be required, both in the prep
aration and the trial of cases. 'Wit
nesses could be examined upon each
side without any effort to conceal or
distort facts. Many cases now taken
into court would be compromised out
of court. When cases came to trial
there would be no long-drawn fight
upon technicalities, but the merits
would be Inquired into at once. Quite
likely injustice would sometimes re
sult, but no more frequently than
trials fail to secure Justice now, while
the probability Is that by the removal
of the reason for sharp practice, trick
ery would end and equitable adjust
ment of differences would be attained
In practically all cases.
TUB ELECTRONS.
In the ancient theological and
quasi-scientlflc beliefs which, at one
time or another, have been popular in
the world there is usually something
more than a shadow of truth. The
notions of Imputed sin and righteous
ness, for example, which from one
point of view so absurd, from another
point of view are not absurd at all
but correspond to facts of common
knowledge In human life. The son of
a thief walks under the Imputed bur
den of his father's sin from childhood
to old age and the grandsons of
Marshal Field will flourish in the
glory of their father's righteousness.
A person is Judged by all of us only
In part by what he himself' Is. In
large measure we prejudge him by
what his father was. In believing that
the Almighty follows our example
and imputes to a man's offspring the
guilt of their parent we merely obey
the universal rule by which the char
acters of all deities are constructed.
These beings are usually nothing more
than enlarged Images of their wor
shipers. Perhaps one reason why
primitive men worship their gods so
tenaciously Is the slightly obscured
fact that they thus enjoy without re
proach the delicious sensation of wor
shiping themselves. '
Like the old dogmas of theology,
popular beliefs about the natural
world have generally contained a
germ of truth. The old idea that the
metals loved and hated one another
finds a sort of verification in the laws
of chemical attraction and repulsion.
To account for the affinities and re
pugnancies which they behold In the
laboratory chemists are beginning to
hint that possibly the elementary sub
stances are not so "inanimate" as we
have been taught.' The primal germs
of consciousness and passion may ex
ist In the ato.ms of matter. If not
there, where are they? Most of the
sciences began with speculations
which were rejected later as super
stitious; but we now seem to be re
turning to them, driven by the irre
sistible impulse toward truth. As
tronomy originated in the vague
hopes or fears of men that human
destinies were regulated by the stars.
If we could unravel the complicated
mysteries of the revolutions of the
suns and planets we might predict the
course of future events. The ab
surdity of this belief lay In Its as
sumption that the principal function
of the heavenly bodies was to direct
the affairs of men. If it had stopped
with the assertion that the sun, moon
and stars play an important part in
our destinies the mark would not
have been missed very far. though the
laws of their action are so compli
cated that only simpletons would try
to formulate them yet.
Perhaps the most attractive of all
these old half-scientific beliefs was
that of the transmutablllty of the
metals. It was assumed as a matter
of course that there was some way of
changing lead into gold, base earth
Into diamonds and dead matter into
living creatures. The earlier experi
menters In physical science cherished
no doubt whatever that it was possible
to make gold in their laboratories out
of cheap material. Some of them sup
posed there might be a way to con
struct even a human being. Mrs.
Shelley took the latter belief for the
theme' of her "Frankenstein." one of
the most remarkable novels ever
written. But as knowledge became
more extensive and accurate every
new fact seemed to weigh against the
prospect of transmuting the metals. It
degenerated from an article of scien
tific faith to a vague dream and from
that to the low estate of a popular
superstition to be exploited by
charlatans and im posters. The chem
ists finally laid down the dogma that
the number -of primitive substances
was fixed and changeless. New ones
might be discovered from time to
time, but none of them could be
changed into any other, they taught,
and the educated world accepted their
dictum for fact.
All the time however, the meta
physlclsts cherished a speculation that
for all the elements, gold, silver, tin,
there was a common substratum.
Perhaps it might be an elemental
atom. This atom combined in vary
ing numbers and arrangements would
compose the molecules of divers
species and from these all the dif
ferent materials in the world could
be constructed. This is a very ancient
speculation and at no time In the his
tory of the world has it been definitely
abandoned. The chemists themselves
accepted it after a fashion, but they
eluded its fundamental charm by
making the atoms themselves of di
verse nature. Thus they begged the
question of the basic Identity of the
metals but their creed worked in
practice for a while, at least, and like
all scientists being thorough-going
pragmatlsts, they were satisfied with
it. Their faith received its first shock
from Mendelejeffs discovery of a
periodic law which connects the
atomic weights of the elements. Ac
cording to this law the chemical ele
ments are arranged in groups, whose
properties are similar. If -a gap exists
In any group the chemists are able to
say what the atomic weight of the
missing substance ought to be and to
predict its properties Just as Newton's
law enabled Adams and Leverrier to
say where the unknown planet Nep
tune ought to be in the sky at a given
second. More than one new element
has been discovered by the suggestion
of Mendelejeffs law.
But It was the discovery of "radio
activity" which rehabilitated the be
lief' In the transmutation of the metals
and forced savants to reconstruct the
atomic theory along the line of the
old metaphysical notion of a common
substratum. Radio-activity is that
mysterious capacity to emit energy
without apparent cause, which is dis
played by radium and other such sub
stances. This phenomenon is ex
plained by supposing that the chem
ical atoms are composed of electrons,
a. definite number for each, and an
electron is a measured quantity of
electricity gathered into a minute
space. From the electrons thus segre
gated all matter is formed. Within
the sphere of the atom they whirl
about. If their motion Is disturbed
they set the ether vibrating and pro
duce light. If an atom loses or gains
an odd electron it becomes electrified
and the electrons released from their
customary orbits fly wildly through
apace and produce the mystio radio
activity. By steadily losing electrons
it is clear that a substance may
change Into something else. Physic
ists have actually seen this miracle
happen in their laboratories. They
have not yet seen lead change into
gold, but it t easily conceivable that
they may before a great while,' and
then we shall all be able to get as
much as we desire of the precious
metal, which, however, may no longer
be precious.
LITERARY STATESMEN.
For some reason which Is not en
tirely clear royal artists and literary
men have seldom been taken seri
ously by the world. The Kaiser
Wllhelm is no exception to the rule.
The paintings which he has exhibited
from time to time seem to have been
valued more for the halo of authority
which hung over them than for in
trinsic merit. Irreverent wits in
France and elsewhere have cast Jibes
at them as if the monarch over
shadowed the artist. William has now
entered another department of the
fine arts with even less than his
former success unless the accounts
are misleading. He has either written
or revised a ballet called "Sardana
palus" and produced it on the Berlin
stage to the joy of those who hate
him. Whatever literary merit the
production may have was smothered
In a vast array of gorgeous stage set
tings Indicating that the Kaiser's taste
Inclines somewhat to the barbaric.
Sardanapalus could not have been
a sovereign much to William's liking,
since he was a feeble voluptuary,
whose effeminate vices led to a revo
lution. " One of Byron's dramas treats
of his calamities and though it is not
a very admirable play it is probably
a great deal better than William's.
None of our American Presidents, ex
cept Thomas Jefferson, has been dis
tinctly literary. Jefferson was master
of an excellent style and his thoughts
have Influenced the history of the
United States profoundly. Franklin
will outlive him In literature, because
his writings deal less with politics
than with the fundamental qualities
of homely human nature. A greater
statesman than Jefferson, he never
has received his Just meed of fame on
that score, but his books, especially
his autobiography, will always rank
high among the monuments of the
English language. Of our prose styl
ists, Emerson and Hawthorne alone
ought to be mentioned with Benjamin
Franklin. Since revolutionary times
our statesmen have not much Inclined
to literature. It would be difficult
to specify a writer who has met with
eminent success in politics. Of late, two
or three have aspired to elective office,
but the people do not seem to have
fallen In love with them. Desirable
as ' Winston Churchill might be in
public life, the Vermont electorate
decided that he would be more useful
as a novelist. -'Of course, we have
sent literary men to foreign lands as
diplomats and their success has been
uniformly brilliant. Andrew D. White,
Hawthorne, Motley, Lowell, are a few
names from a long and distinguished
list.
England can boast of many literary
statesmen. One of her monarchs,
James I, was a good deal of a scholar
as well as a writer. He has been
ridiculed persistently for his flirtation
with the muses, but very likely his
gifts were better than Is commonly
supposed. The translation of the
Bible, which he promoted, was among
the greatest services which English
letters have ever received. In modern
times, passing by the great Lord
Bacon, literature has become rather
the fashion among British politicians.
Gladstone was almost as much ad
mired for his books as for his finan
cial prowess'. Mr. Balfour has written
profoundly on philosophy. In other
European countries men below noble
rank would find it difficult to enter
political life If they were not masters
of literary expression.
QUESTION OF MORE APPLE TREES.
A suburbanite, who finds the price
of fruit rather high, notwithstanding
it seems to the producer to be too low,
writes The Oregonian to suggest a
plan by which fruit could be made
more plentiful and be placed within
the reach of poor people not now able
to afford as much as they should have.
His Idea is to have fruit trees planted
in all the fence rows along the high
ways where now there are strips of
brush land ten to twenty feet wide,
producing nothing of value to any
body. His argument is that since this
land is" waste it. could as well be
planted to fruit trees at little cost and
In a few years those who are too poor
to buy fruit could gather what they
need along the public roads.
This Is an idea that has been ad
vanced many times and which has
been practiced by some farmers,
though not exactly with -the idea of
providing fruit for the poor. But ex-
perlence shows that the plan is a
mischievous one. Many a farmer has
planted a row of fruit trees' close to
his fence, thinking thereby to get the
fruit from an additional row of trees.
But he has met disappointment.
Trees planted close to the fence can
not be cultivated and trees that are
not cultivated will not produce fruit
worth eating. Moreover, because the
trees were la a fence row they were
not properly pruned nor sprayed. It
was not convenient to get to them
with the pruning hook and was prac
tically impossible to get around them
with the spraying machine. So trees
thus planted have become breeding
places for all sorts of pests. They
mar rather than enhance the beauty
of the highway. Xo one wants to eat
the small, sour and gnarly apples they
bear. Instead of planting in the
fence row, the up-to-date horticultur
ist leaves a space between the fence
and the outside row of trees large
enough to turn his team in cultivat
ing his orchard. The difficulty is to
get ffult Inspectors to chop down the
trees which in years past have been
planted In fence rows and which are
now a menace to the fruit Industry.
THE DEATH OF IRA D. 6ANKEY.
With the death, at his home in
Brooklyn, a short time ago, of Ira D.
Sankey, the most noted of the singing
evangelists of the world, passed away.
A throb of public sympathy, tender
and widespread, followed the an
nouncement of his passing, and a sym
pathetic host has listened in remin
iscent silence while the simple story
of his life has been rehearsed from the
pulpits. "'
Ira D. Sankey, so runs the brief
record, was born In Pennsylvania In
1840. Full thirty years of his allotted
span of life were given to the work of
"winning souls" through the magic of
his melodious voice.
The words of his songs are. In the
main, meaningless when detached
from music and read dispassionately,
but when played upon by a fervid
imagination, given endless repetition
and attuned to a voice that was full of
melody, of pleading, of pathos and of
tenderness, they became a tremendous
power In the realm of human emo
tions, i
This sweet singer of Zion had been
for some years blind, his eyesight. It
is said, having been sacrificed to the
zeal with which, in season and out of
season, and in every land, he pursued
his chosen work. He was not an aged
man, as age is now reckoned, since he
had not quite completed his sixty
eighth year. He had, however, been
driven many years by a boundless en
ergy, and he was possessed of a burn
ing zeal that grew In immensity,
making heavy drains upon the vitality
upon which it fed. He had lived in
the realm of over-wrought emotions
for the greater part of his life, and
fell early, relatively speaking, into
physical weakness and decay. He was
restless rather than placid during the
later years of his life. An ardent
Methodist In belief and practice for
many years, he latterly attached him
self to the Presbyterian faith and doc
trine and at his death was a member
of that church. All creeds were, how
ever, forgotten In the contemplation
in death of the work which Mr. San
key had done in life. Dr. Charles Ed
ward Locke, formerly pastor of the
Taylor-Street Church, In this city, but
now of Brooklyn, conducted the obse
quies of his former churchman, and
later, when the vacation is ended and
pastors and flocks return to the city
memorial services for the dead singer
will be held in the Presbyterian church
with which he later, became affiliated.
Not his own words, but those of
Fanny Crosby, the blind hymn-writer
of Brooklyn, trembled upon the Hps
of this other blind singer at his pass
ing. Bending low beside his bed, the
watchers who went with him to the
verge of the Dark Valley, heard these
words:
Some day the sliver chord will break
And I no more, as now. will sins;
But oh! the Joy when I awake
Within the Palace of the King.
So passed away the gentle, emo
tional, zealous idealist. Greenwood
Cemetery opened her fragrant bosom
to receive his mortal part. His favor
ite hymns were sung as he was laid
tenderly in his last bed, and a life that
had touched, through the exaltation
of song, the lives of hundreds of thou
sands of the lives of his fellow men,
passed to the domain of memory.
In the passing of Ira D. Sankey the
old-time singing evangelist may be
said to have passed, even as the old
time pleading evangelist passed with
the death, a few years ago. of Dwlght
L. Moody. Powerful exponents and
promoters of emotional religion, these
men stood each at the head of his
class in his long and earnest day. The
voice of the one has died away In
slowly receding echoes; that of the
other is still heard and will long be
heard In Sunday schools and mission
ary meetings, from America and Eng
land to Egypt, India and Far Cathay.
Translated Into many languages, the
words of "Ninety and Nine," "When
the Mists Have Rolled Away," "Sleep,
O Beloved," and other hymns written
and sung by Sankey, will continue
through myriads of voices for untold
years to speak to timorous souls he
universal language of a faith that Is
blind and a hope that Is earnest and a
belief in immortality that is ever seek
ing confirmation.
THE rXASSMTLATED ALIEN.
The unprecedented exodus of for
eigners continues, and as there is a
corresponding decline In the number
of emigrants arriving, a sudden re
vival of industrial activity in this
country might find us handicapped in
many lines by a scarcity of labor. Sta
tistics recently compiled by the Immi
gration authorities show that during
the twelve months ending August 1,
there came to our shores but 782,970
foreigners, compared with 1,285,348
during the preceding twelve months.
The outflow for the same period
reached a total of 650.000 people. That
the movement Is still on in spite of
the apparent improvement in the In
dustrial situation In this country, is
plain from the figures for the last
week in August, which shor that
12,856 steerage passengers left, the
port of New York, while there were
but 7220 arrivals during the same
period.
Nearly all of these returning for
eigners are said to have considerable
sums of money is a. result of their
work in this country, and not a few of
them have secured a competence suf
ficient to last them for the remainder
of their lives. The drain from this
source on our money reserves is not
inconsiderable, and the situation con
firms an oft-repeated charge that
about all that many of the incoming
aliens care for in this country is the
opportunity it affords to accumulate
money more rapidly than it can be got
together In the country they leave.
That old sentiment about the love for
freedom being a powerful magnet in
drawing foreigners to our shores, loses
much of Its force In the face of such
an exodus of aliens as has been going
on for the past year. Their action
shows quite plainly that freedom and
the old flag cut but a slight figure in
the mind of the foreigner when econ
omic conditions undergo a change that
reduces or stops his pay.
And all of these fleeing citizens and
aliens will come trooping back as soon
as there Is an improvement in the in
dustrial situation and the Star Span
gled Baraier again seems attractive to
them. Free institutions are all right
for Americans who did not come here
In the steerage, and they have proved
attractive and beneficial to thousands
who did come In that humble part of
the ship. But the great unwashed
mob, whose reverence for the Goddess
of Liberty is confined exclusively to
her likeness on metal or greenbacks,
will continue to ebb and flow with good
and bad times.
In this country they will damn the
Government and sing the praises of
their native land, and in the old world
they undoubtedly discuss with their
impecunious neighbors the shortcom
ings of the monarchy under whose
flag they temporarily dwell, until
times Improve in the land of the free.
These unassimilated aliens are of ad
vantage during rush times, when per
manent labor Is scarce, but they are
not the kind of citizens on whom It Is
worth while wasting any sentimental
thoughts of the "my-country-'tis-of-thee"
kind.
The word "Unitarian" means noth
ing in particular, except this, that
the person so designated believes in
one God, who directs the moral gov
ernment of the world, and doesn't split
himself up Into fragments, by meta
physic subtleties, to which there is
nothing answerable, except In ecclesi
astical dogma or opinion. Some op
position to Taft, because he is said to
be a "Unitarian," was manifest a short
time ago, but it seems to have disap
peared. At any rate, it is not militant.
After eighteen centuries of discussion
and persecution on this abstraction,
it is time the "debate" should cease.
For thousands and tens of thousands
have been sacrificed to establish a
dogma, that hasn't been established
yet, and never will be. It is high
time these notions were treated as
purely speculative. Every person of
sense and Judgment, who has followed
this controversy of centuries utterly
barren except in intolerance and
blood will be glad to see It dropped.
For their own peace the Intolerant
advocates of the dogma would do well
to drop it, too.
Efforts are being made to establish
a commercial cream-separating plant
at Hillsboro, the plan being to sell
the cream in Portland and take the
skim milk back to the farm to feed
to hogs or calves. The value of the
skim milk Is an Important feature in
dairying. While it pays a farmer
better in dollars to sell his product
to a condensery than to a creamery
he soon finds that by selling to a con
densery he is sending away from his
farm the entire product, while if he
keeps the skim milk and feeds it to
stock he retains much that is of fer
tilizing value. One cannot draw for
ever from the soil without replenish
ing, any more than one can draw for
ever from a barrel without refilling.
M..O. Lownsdale has been retained
as fruit inspector in Tamhill County,
notwithstanding the. protests of soma
farmers who do not like the vigorous
manner In which he strictly enforces
the law against orchard pests. Good
for the Yamhill County Court. If
such men as Lownsdale have a swlngj
at the San Jose scale, codling moth
and anthracnose for a few years the
old motto "Yamhill against the
world" will be established for all
time.
Reports from England are that
heavy storms have Injured the hop
crop In that country. In California
the pickers have struck and many of
the yards have been Injured by van
dals. Probably a large part of the
California crop will not be picked. All
of which incidents will encourage the
Oregon grower to proceed with his
picking. -
A whole lot of persons neglected
their work to take a look at Harri
man. They wanted to see what a rail
road magnate look3 like. If they had
asked him how he attained his suc
cess, lie might have told them, "By
attending to business, and not run
ning around looking at magnates."
"Preaching temperance with prohi
bition left out." says John P. Mc-
Manus in the Pilot Rock Record, "is
like playing Hamlef with . Hamlet
left out." Of course. So it is. Some
body hold John P. Better still, some
body keep the bottle where he can't
see it.
While Mr. Harriman is present in
Oregon is as good a time as any to
begin the suit for cancellation of the
Oregon and California land grant.
The suit was a long, time getting
started, but the public hopes it will
not be delayed In getting to trial.
Mr. Bryan has asked the chairmen
of Democratic rallies not to introduce
him as "the next President of the
United States." But how is an audi
ence to know when to begin that pro
longed applause without this well
known cue-?
Said Governor Hughes yesterday at
Youngstown, Ohio: "If all that Mr.
Bryan has favored and urged during
the past twelve years had been enact
ed into law we should now be over
whelmed with disaster."
If the Oregon Legislature will enact
proper penal laws for the punishment
of dishonest and criminally careless
bankers Oregon will find little Interest
in the question of Government guar
antee of bank deposits.
All the Republicans whom the Gov
ernor has appointed to lucrative offi
ces In Oregon are "Chamberlain Re
publicans" that is, not Republicans
at all. But it doesn't matter.
There is one way to get even with
the extravagance of families at the
beach. Send 'em to the hop yards
for two or three weeks.
Judging by the price of hops, this
ought to be a great year for hop
house fires.
Of course. Democrats think yester
day's peace pact among Republicans
hardly proper.
FARMER SELDOM OX HIS FARM
Has Ceased Bring a Laborer, and la
Now Man of Science, Says Critic.
Washington (D. C.) Herald.
The prosperity of the farmer is be
coming amazing. It marks him for at
tention. No longer Is his prosperity
the theme and Interest merely of the
politician and the statistician. It has
seized and held the attention of his'
city neighbors. They who used to
laugh at the farmer now envy him.
The old farm has undergone a meta
morphosis. It is no longer a sorry
huddle of buildings on a stretch of
stubborn soil; it Is a country "place" of
broad, fat acres and buildings electrlo
lighted from top to bottom. It Is no
more a mortgage hole wherein the
toller must sink his money, but a
splendid freehold piling up money In
the farmer's bank.
The farmer, too, has undergone a
change. He no longer wears chin
whiskers and chews on a straw. He
has forgotten how to stuff his trousers
Into cowhide bootlegs. he is more
frequently to be seen In an automobile
at the horse show than following the
plow; he deals more in city real estate
or the sock market than he does In
guanos for the south meadow lot.
The fact is, the farmer seems to lead
the happiest and most leisurely of lives.
Those harried, overworked city men,
who visit him In his native fields, are
constantly amazed. When does the
farmer do his work? They ask them
selves and him the question; they pry
upon him, and take note of his move
ments, in vain. They never see the
farmer do his work; they never know
when he does it yet the work Is done,
and the fields yield up their harvest.
The truth is. most careful observa
tion leads to the conclusion that the
farmer is seldom on the farm. In the
morning he has his spanking bays
hitched to a light runabout that takes
him into town. In the afternoon his
car or coach carries him over to the
farmers' picnic. In the evening he is
at the opera-house or the club, or per
haps at the bridge party over on the
next farm. One thing is certain, he Is
never in the fields. Search them
through from Maine to the Carolinas,
and out in 'Kansas' cornfields, and you
will seldom find a single human figure
toiling in the fields. Of course some
body must put the crops in and some
body must garner them, but when and
how?
The answer is that the new farmer
has left off being a laborer, and be
come a man of science. He works no
more with his hands, but with his head.
He is seldom In the fields, because his
presence is seldom needed there. Farm
ing on scientific methods consists chief
ly in preparing the soil for the seed,
and then letting nature do the rest.
Nature and machinery do more and
better work than the old-time farmer
could do with all his 18-hour day and
his eternal round of toil.
The result Is that the farmer is rap
idly becoming the backbone of our
"leisure class." Out of him may yet
arise a new American aristocracy,
which toils not, nor yet spins, but
which partakes of the Increase of the
earth. It is little wonder that the
leisurely farmer with his fattening
barns and swelling bank account has
become the envy of his hard-working
toil-driven city neighbors.
COMPLAINT OF HIGH CAR STEPS.
Lesral Remedy of Interest to Portland
Invoked at Washington.
Washington Star.
Numerous complaints are being filed
with the Interstate commerce commis
sion's local rapid transit board regard
ing the high steps with which the street
cars of Washington are equipped. The
Star has frequently in the past called
attention to this nuisance in the hope
that the companies themselves would
see their way clear to remedying the
defect in the equipment. Nothing has
been done by them, and it is now to be
hoped that the newly constituted sup
ervisors of local street railways will
find a method of relieving the public
from this burdensome condition. On a
great majority of the cars the steps are
so high that women board them with
the greatest difficulty. It is to be be
lieved that physical Injury Is Inflicted
on them in some cases. On some of
the open cars the running-board is two
feet from the ground, which, as one
of the Commission's correspondents
points out, is 'as high as the average
chair.
In most cases the high steps are
caused by the use of heayy motors,
necessitating the raising of the car
body a long distance from the tracks.
In the case of such rolling etock the
defect Is remediable only by the adoption
of a special platform. There is no
good reason why the entire platform
should not be dropped several inches
below the floor of the car. This would
make of It a separate step. If then
there could be two steps to the ground.
Ingress and egress would be eaey for
all. Cutting Into the platform for a
second step would lessen the standing
room space there. This brings up the
question of whether the companies
should be permitted to handicap the
public for the accommodation of plat
form standers. By adopting the double
platform car, with a railing separating
the avenues of entrance and exit from
the standing space, this difficulty
might be avoided.
Whether the solution lies in the
adoption of specially constructed cars
or the remodeling of the platforms of
those already In use, certainly the pub
lic has a right to expect the Commis
sion to require the corporations to ren
der its rolling stock fit for uee without
Imposing a heavy handicap upon the
passenger It is merely necessary for
the Commission to adopt a maximum
height of step from the ground and
from tread to tread In order to ac
complish the desired object.
Crime Wave in Boston.
Baltimore News.
There are so many criminals In the
prisons in Massachusetts that the
Mayor of Boston was compelled to re
lease at one time 557 convicts. The
police stations and jails have been
packed to suffocation.
Self-Help.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
It Is fortunate for the human race,
although discouraging to philanthro
pists, that independence is usually won
by individuals who succeed despite lack
of help or encouragement from others
rather than because of it.
' A Charge.
8t. Louis Globe-Democrat.
If thou hast squandered years to grave a
gem
Commission'd by thine absent Lord; ana
.while
'TIs incomplete.
Others would bribe thy needy skill to
them
Dismiss them to the street!
Should'st thou et last discover Beauty's
grove.
At last be panting on the fragrant verge.
But In the track.
Drunk with divine possession, thou meet
at her bidding, back.
When round thy ship in tempest hell
appears.
And every specter mutters up more dire
To snatch control
And loof to madness the deep-kennell'd
tears
Then to the helm, O Soul!
Last, if upon the cold green-mantling sea
Thou cling, alone with Truth, to the last
spar.
Both castaway.
And one must perish let It not bs he
Whom thon art sworn to obey!
HERBERT FRENCH.
TAFT A.D PACIFIC COAST HMMi
Reasons for Their Voting; tbe Republi
can Ticket in November.
Washington (D. C.) Post, Ind.
It should hardly require the wizard '
spirit of a Merlin to enable one to fore- ;
cast that the Pacific Coast would be found 1
favorable to Mr. Taft next November. (
The Pacific States know well enough
upon what side their bread is buttered.
Whatever may be Mr. Bryan's appeal to
the other parts of this Union, it may be
safely said that his policies and his doc
trines can never carry far among the peo
ples that border near the slope of our
Western ocean. People take sid&s in poli
tics according to the material benefits
they may derive from politics. The evils
which certain Eastern and Middle West
ern States complain of as thwarting their
Industrial prosperity have never been felt
on the Pacific Coast. Those people have
found prosperity and profit In Republican,
administrations; they are In accord with
Republican principles, as they are applied
to em, and they are content to let well
enough alone.
By every implication of their being, ..
the mass of the people bordering the Pa- I f i
ciflc are Republican. Occasional local and I
municipal disturbances have caused them :
to turn Democratic for the time being in ;
choosing an administrator for their local J
affairs, but on National questions they;
are almost universally Republican. Aside '
from this, Mr. Taft's attitude toward the
Philippines pleases them. Much of their
prosperity and much of their great trade
which is their future hope depends upon t
our relations with our Isles of the EaM-i
ern seas, and Mr. Taft Is the personal ex-
ponent of what they most desire in the j
stand of the United States upon the Bast-1
ern expansion question.
Being producers of much wine and wool ,
and fruit, the citisons of the Pacific Coast J
are bound to be protectionists. Free .
trade would permit these articles to coma
in from other countries to such an extent j
that home production of them would be j
totally paralyzed. The three Etates of J
Washington, Oregon and California have j
no intention of vying with Sicily, Spain, ,
Australia, Argentina and Franc? in tha
markets of the United Stafs. Whatever;
Mr. Bryan and his friends may claim as .'
to the benefits accruing to the whole j .
Union from a wholesale slaughter of the
tariff, those benefits would never reach as !
far as the Coast and the people out there I
know It. They regard that man as a ;
fool who cuts his own purse strings i
and permits his hardly-wrought gold to ;
pour out upon his neighbor. They are not;
in business for Utopian purposes. j
As to the matter of the Democratic :
stand on the Asiatic labor question, most I
of the thinking voters fear that that
plank in the Democratic platform was put
there for the sole purpose of catching their
votes. They do not place great faith in its
effectiveness. Besides. Secretary Roofs
and the President's method of handling!
the Japanese and curtailing Japanese Im-'
migration has both won their admiration;
and relieved them of any fears as to an
iniiux of the yellow peoples upon them.
All In all. it is difficult to see why the:
Coast States should not give Mr. Taft!
their support, and equally hard to see why.
the supporters of Mr. Bryan should claim'
much strength for him there.
DAYS WHEN SILENCE WAS GOLDEN '
SpeechmaklnK by Presidential Candi
dates No Longer Dangerous.
Indianapolis News.
The modern practice of speechmaktng ,
by Presidential candidates Is In marked
contrast to the early practice. In former
times it was considered undignified for a
candidate for President to make any'
open effort in his own behalf and candi
dates generally observed strict silence. A
The theory was that if a candidate 79
opened his mouth to say anything or.
even wrote the most commonplace letter!
It would be used against him.
General Scott, Whig candidate forj
President in 1852. owed his defeat in part,
to two innocent, but unfortunate, expres-j
slons, used by him long before his noml-'
nation. In 1S46. when he expected to be
ordered to Mexico, he bespoke the sup- .
port of the administration for his mill-,
tary plans by saying in a published letter
that "soldiers had a far greater dread of,
a fire upon the rear than of the most:
formidable enemy in the front." For'
this expression President Polk declined '
to order him to Mexico at that time and!
when Scott was nominated for President j
six years later he never heard the last ,
of "the fire upon the rear."
The other expression occurred In a'
note to the Secretary of War. One day'
the Secretary called at General Scott's,
office and found that he was absent. On ' .
returning and learning that the Secre-
tary had called the General wrote a note
In explanation of his absence, saying that;
he "had only stepped out for a moment'
to take a hasty plate of soup." When;
he was, nominated for President the j
"hasty plate of soup" figured In all sorts
of caricatures and brought upon him rid
icule that he did not deserve.
Abraham Lincoln, a frequent speaker'
prior to his nomination, did not utter a'
word publicly during the campaign. He;
made no addresses, wrote no public let-;
ters, and held no conferences. His letter
of acceptance contained only 134 words.
The practice of speeehmaklng by candi-;
dates after their nomination began with
Garfield, was continued by Harrison andj
McKinley, and received a great Impetus:
from Mr. Bryan. It is no longer consid
ered dangerous for a candidate to talk, '
and the people seem to like publicity.
Condemns the Rebuilding of "Shucks."
PORTLAND. Sept. 3. (To the Editor.)
As a tourist passing a few days In
Portland. I am so favorably Impressed
with Its climate and location that I shall
not fall on my return to my home city,
Elmlra. N. Y.. to comment most favor
ably on the" future outlook of your city.
But, withal. I must not refrain from
calling attention to some things which
should be rectified: the old shacks now
occupying some of the most valuable
corners of Portland should by some reg
ulation or ordinance be condemned and
removed. While riding on Washington
street near Twelfth I saw an apparent
movement to reconstruct a shack that
was all but consumed by a fire. I won
dered whether Portland's City Council
or building Inspector granted permission
for the resurrection of such structures?
In the East we do not allow such re
building, as It at best only proves a con-j
tlnuing menace and Is a sore reflecttlon
on civic pride. JOHN JASON.
Deaomlnatlonallsm In Polities.
Christian Register.
Unitarians in America have never ac
quired the habit of voting for a candidate
because he was a Unitarian or of voting
against a man because he was a Roman
Catholic or a Methodist. But, if they
were inclined to carry their denomina
tional Interests Into politics, they would,
be restrained by the saving grace of!
common sense. They remember the sadj
fate of Mr. Burchard, the honest gentle-)
man, who, by the alliteration of the three
R's, Rum, Romanism and Rebellion, was,
charged with defeating Mr. Blaine, the
candidate whom he supported. Any publio
man who in his private capacity is a
loyal Unitarian has the right to let his:
denominational preferences drop out of,
sight when he becomes a candidate for
office; and he is neither a consistent Unl-j
tarian nor a wise supporter of such a can-i
dldate who challenges the vast majority
who are not lovers of UnltarlanJsm who.
make it an Issue at the polls.
Candidate Against Candidate.
Manchester (N. H.) Union.
They are paired off beautifully. Bryan
devotes his wind-fanning hooks and up
percuts to Taft, while Kern contents him
self with harmless swings at Sherman.
I0O Miles Per Hour for Nine Miles.
Indianapolis News.
A train on the Pennsylvania Rail
road ran between Plerceton and War
saw, Ind., a dlstanoe of nine miles, at
the rate of 100 miles an hour.
A