Entered at Portland. Or.on. Fctofflc. M
Becond-ClaM Matter.
SabKriptlM lUtea Inmrlbly to Advance
(By MaIL
Dally. Sunday Included, on. year. .. . -
Dally. Sunday Included. m0"'":;." Ss
D.uJ Bunday Included. "ree month..
Dally. Sunday Included, on. montn
Dally without Sunday, on. yar.
Dally, without Sunday. .1 mont";;.l" ? T
Dally, without Sunday, thri. month... 1
Dal.y. without Sunday, on. month
Sunday, on. ye.r " a
Sunday and Weekly, on. er
By Carri.r.J
Dally. Sunday Included, on. year......
Dally. Sunday Included, on. month
How to Remit Send P0"t0'n1M.,.ron"i
order, .xpr.a. order or p.r 5
your local bank. Stamp coin or currency
I at T?h. ..nd?r-. rl.lt. Olv. POfl d
drea. In full, including county and lt-
Postac. Kate-10 to 14 P;.1
to 28 paea, 2 cent.: SO to 44 P'l'
lent.: 4d"o 0 p. 4 cnta For.lu port
ase double ratea
Ea.tera Bulnw Offlco Th. 8. C. B.ck
wlth Special Aaency Hew York. room. 4.
SO Tribune building. Chicago, room. S10-113
Trlbun. building.
FOBTIAXD. SUNDAY. ACQ. . IW'
DR. AKED AND THJB CHURCHES.
Of the things which Dr. Aked has
to say about the reformation of the
churches In his magazine article many
are entertaining and all are Instruc
tive. Dr. Aked Is minister of the
Fifth-avenue Baptist Church in New
York. His most distinguished and lu
crative communicant is John D. Rocke
feller. The article of which we speak
13 to be found in Appleton's for
August. Dr. Aked's comments upon
the condition, of the churches are
caustic. Doubtless they come from
his heart. He says that the churches
have failed to keep pace with the ad
vance of knowledge; that preachers
utter a great many absurd and stupid
fulmlnatlons which turn intelligent
people away In disgust; that the
churches In America stand more In
dread of candid inquiry than do those
in Europe. He suggests also that faith
may be destroyed by the mere sus
picion that religion fears the light and
seeks to obscure truth. Much more
he has to say of the same tenor and.
as we have admitted. It is not to be
questioned that he speaks from his
heart. Still, so long as men like Mr.
Rockefeller remain honored leaders in
the house of God, laden with the
plunder which they have gathered in
defiance of all law, whether divine or
human, and contributing largely to
the- salary of the preacher. Dr. Aked's
rebukes to the churches sound like
mockery
While the churches continue to cod
die sinners there can be no effective
sincerity in their denunciations of sin.
The suspicion cannot be eradicated
that their warfare upon unrighteous
ness is a mere pretence until they cast
out the unrighteous millionaire, or
at least bring him in repentance to
the foot of the altar and compel him
to make restitution for the wrongs
he has done. But we dare say Dr.
Aked perceives all this as clearly as
anybody. The chances are that he
feels baffled by the impossibility of
purifying his church from its un
worthy members and realizes that his
burning words are but sounding brass
while conditions continue unchanged.
The announcement that the Fifth
avenue Church had brought Mr.
Rockefeller to Judgment for his sins
would do more to call sinners to re
pentance and fortify the house of the
Lord than a million tons of maga
zine articles and sermons. But, for
all that, Dr. Aked's remarks have
their value. His statement that re
ligion is more dogmatic and, Intoler
ant here than It Is abroad ought to
put us to shame If it is true, and it
is probably true.
In this respect our attitude Is thor
oughly colonial. Observers are aware
that colonials adhere to antiquated
forms in many other things besides
religion out of a false sense of loy
alty to the mother country, or the
mother tongue, or the mother charch
and the like. The Irish descendants
from Cromwell's English colonists, for
example, speak the language of Milton
with a nicety of syntax and a purity
of accent which few dwellers on the
other side of the channel can rival.
Here in America we retain many lin
guistic forms which were brought
over by the Puritans and which have
been outgrown in England. There Is
a belief that colonists are more pro
gressive than those whom they leave
behind, but It is not by any means al
ways true. Few of the old Greek
colonies were as eager for new Ideas
as Athens. In social legislation, as
well as religion. 'America Is far be
hind most European nations. The fact
is that very frequently colonies are
founded In places which are remote
from the flood of advancing civiliza
tion and. being much left to them
selves, they stagnate. Professor Vam
bery, of the University of Pesth, in his
racinatinr antobloirraDhy. remarks
that in the course of his wide Oriental
Journeys he found the direst fanati
cism in isolated communities which
were entirely out of touch with the
world. Here superstition and sectar
ian hatred festered In their own sliine
i.rvHi th hwimn of almost Dreter-
natural ferocity. We all know that In
America religious bigotry is most
frightful In the less civilized parts of
the country like the fastnesses of Mis-
Kiosir.nl and Texas. The farther a lit
tie village is from the railroad, the
mor a seldom the mall reaches it. the
more intense the hatreds among its
sects.
Since America has been somewhat
remote from the currents of the
world's thought It Is, therefore, only
natural that our religious life should
retain, as Dr. Aked says, certain
medieval vestiges which are far from
oomiv Our Presbvterlan Church.
for example. Is much more intolerant
than that of Scotland, where Presby
terianism is the breath of life to the
nnnnintlnn. Our EDlscoDallan Church
makes heretics of men whose Ideas
would not excite a ripple or protest
In England. Protestantism In general
hra I. hack-ward In both thought and
learning compared with its German
brethren. We have plenty of preach-
.y,n hoact nf their contemDt for
Biblical scholarship. Some of them
still seem to believe that the kingdom
of Heaven must be built upon igno
ranra of history and false interpreta
tions of the prophets. All this Is
mere provincialism and sometime we
.hoil nntKTOw it. but when?
Dr. Aked must be commended for
hi. nioin -npklne upon this topic
t -onuir-erl cniiniirs for him to tell the
truth so frankly; courage which Is
rare in America. One reads wltn
pleasure, also, his suggestion that the
,,,r, for their own salvation, will
the flood and turn to modern prob
lems. Christianity professes to be a
solution for all the evils of the world.
How has it fulfilled itr mission? Dr.
Aked does well to sound an alarm to
the churches before it is everlast
ingly too late.
THIS GOOD OI-D HTIMF.R.
It pays to take things easy in hot
weather, but all the while work as
hard as you can. "In the sweat of
thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou
return unto the ground" which
means keep as cool as possible. For
there, are many compensations In
warm weather. The Mazamas, for
example, in the ice cream cool of
Mount St. Helens, are enjoying chills,
which none of us In the city can get,
even for ten cents at the soda foun
tain. The chlnook salmon are happy,
since Summer makes the water clear
in Columbia River and they can see
and dodge the nets. Now Is the time,
also, when the leaking roof doesn't
worry. Then, too, the smoke is gath
ering Inland to make the smokeless
beach fully enjoyable. Straw hats
and .Spring suits are on sale at half
price. These are but a few of our
many Summer blessings. They more
than make up for the extravagance
of the family at the resort, and for the
big laundry bills, and for the dust that
invades the good housewue a carpets,
and for the farmer's tussle with the
harvest hands.
... ill,. Htitterflle..
Show not their mealy wing, but to the
summer. ,,
"Trollua and Cressida."
Wriih we have all observed In
those fancy vests, and costly Panamas
and milk-white trousers. And the
girls, also, have their light, gay trim
mings. When Tennyson said , that in
the Spring the young man's fancy
lightly turns to thoughts of love,' he
didn't know about the Oregon Sum
mer. Of all the seasons' courtships,
the Summer's are the most numerous
and sentimental and gallant. Think
back on the matcnes you nave
onrr mn will count two of Summer's for
one of any other season's. Who, then,
denies the old Summer time is goou .
f ,h sure, the drills at American
Lake are a bit hot and dusty, but do
the boys ever go camping in aeiense
of their country In any other season?
Should we not also mention the
r.omr. meetings, which take the les
sons of right living from under the
dark roof . into the bright outside?
The Summer is doing an rc can to
make good citizens of the persons
who, last Winter, swore at the
weather.
so mnph for the good things or
Summer. Next month we shall begin
tn find the eood things or Autumn.
That is but three weeks distant. Al
ready the leaves are tinging with its
yellow.
PROFESSIONAL BENEVOLENCE.
T-nies we are much mistaken, the
perplexities of people who adopt the
vocation of giftmaking are numerous
and real. How much to give, to
whom and for what purpose are ques
tions which seem to drive them almost
distracted and to which thus far they
have discovered answers for the most
part only indifferently wise. Those
who have taken up gittmaKing as a
business must, of course, have a good
deal of money. One would suppose
that they would also neea a gooa aeai
of rommon sense, and perhaps they
do, but among the somewhat numer
ous glftmakers of our cay sense ap
r,.0r. tn h aadlv lacking. Can this
account for the futility of much of
their benevolence?
Laying aside our natural reverence
for riches, suppose we candidly ask
ourselves how much good Mr.
Carnegie has done by his Deneiac
tinna? Certainly he has greatly glori
fied the name of a canny Scot and this
must be set down on the credit siae.
but what else has he done? Does
onVwttv hell eve for a moment that
his hero fund has increased the num
ber of self-sacrificing deeds in tne
i -i vn afMnAMiA mnv rerjlv. but
WU11U . .IIS, -ju..-.- -
U rewards the person who makes the
sacrifice. Not so. It rewaras nere
and there a person, but - the great
number It overlooks. Of those who
are passed toy, many are quite as de
serving as those who are rewaraea, bo
that the net efTect of the hero fund
li to do a little Justice and a great
deal of Injustice. Where it excites
CT-atitiiriA In one 'breast it excites envy
and heartburning in a hundred others.
But Mr. Carnegie is not tne oniy
oHftmaksr who seems to lack light
and leading. Mrs. Sage is also in
constant perplexities how to direct ner
benefactions. Her latest scheme is to
bestow an island, upon the Govern
ment, in a genuine Quixotic spirit, for
the site of a preparatory military
.,hnni Thia is the phrasing of the
accounts, but her real purpose seems
to be to establish an exclusive scnooi
for young aristocrats. We draw this
conclusion from the report that her
idea is to found an American Eton.
How truly patriotic it would be thus
to promote the division of the re
public into hostile classes.
BRITISH IJKABNING FAIR FLAT.
It Is not strange that the British
were ugly losers in the Olympiad
in T.nnrlon. That is their usual way.
They were the ugliest kind of losers
when Washington crossed the Dela
ware, and Arnold beat Burgoyne at
Saratoga, and Washington outwitted
Cornwallis at Torktown, and Jackson
slew 2600 English at New Orleans,
and Perry demolished their ships on
Lake Erie. It hurts Britishers to
"t lii-itpd." A trait of un-Amerlcan-
ized Britishers is to give competitors
tat Heal nnlv so long as it doesn't
cost anything. Americans in Great
Britain encounter British disdain at
all turns of the road. The American
athletes encountered the same thing.
T3.. if Miirl not beat them all. It
only made things very uncomfortable
for the American boys and shut some
of them out.
"Englishmen treated us fine so
ioii" aavi one of the returning vic
tors, "but as athletes we were treated
'rotten.' Their conduct was inex
cusable. The British showed their
iiioonnnintmAnt and Jealousy at all
timu T was In the grandstand when
the Marathon runners were coming
and the women on all sides were ex
claiming: 'I hope it isn't a Yankee;
nnvthintr but a Yankee.
The English are big. people In the
world, and they feel it. They are so-r-inhlo.
because thev think thereby to
show their superiority. They sneer at
American customs and American
speech with the friendliest of inten
tions and forget their own customs
and slang, just as freakish to their
cousins on this side of the water. They
are not willing to concede that any
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND. AUGUST 9, 1903.
other people can excel them which
Is a good trait, so long as it keeps
Eritaln at the head of the world's
progress. This Infatuation with them
selves shoojc them up badly in South
Africa. Something more than a cen
tury earlier It cost them the 'best of
their American colonies.
Some years ago " Lord Dunraven
came to America to "lift" the Amer
ica's cup and went home with his
Valkyrie In a huff, although he was
accorded the best of treatment. He
was a sample of British sportsmen.
A little later Llpton. an Irishman,
brought his Shamrocks, one after an
other, and, though each time he was
beaten, he said he was fairly treated.
Dunraven's rage was stirred because
he couldn't win. In London, the Brit
ish were Jealous because they couldn't
defeat the American athletes on their
own British soil with their own of
ficials and with unfair connivance
between those officials and rivals of
the Americans.
It la not customary for the British
to give their rivals a square deal.
Their big empire has been built up
by the other method. That method
has made them mighty people and
agreeable so long as they are on top.
But In these enlightened days the
world requires fair dealings. In
America, athletic officials would not
dare to favor American competitors
over 'Englislh. The public would not
permit it. That is where Americans
are more civilized than Britishers.
However, the English are improving.
Conservatism is their historic trait.
They need time to break out of their
old habits.
INJURY TO MILK INDUSTRY.
Oregon and Washington turn out
the best of condensed milk. The pro
duct goes ell over the world and Into
Eastern states in competition with the
old-established packs of the Middle
West. Enforcement of the 28 per
cent solid standard would greatly
injure this industry of Oregon and
Washington. That standard Is not
necessary to prevent adulteration or
fraud, since there is neither adultera
tion nor fraud here In manufacture of
condensed milk. The peculiar cow-
feed conditions of these two states
make a heavy percentage of butter
fat in ' milk and a light content of
other solids, due chiefly to heavy use
of green feed. Condensers here can
manufacture 25 or 26 per cent solids
in canned milk. Including 8 per cent
fat. whereas the minimum set by the
food standard committee Is 7.7 per
cent fat and 28 per cent total solids.
Washington and Oregon evaporated
milk exceeds the requirement for but
ter fat the rich part of the milk
and falls short of the requirement for
other solids, which constitute the least
part of the milk's food value.
The 28 per cent standard has not
been enforced against Oregon and
"Washington cream, on account of Its
obvious uselessness. But there are
manufacturers in other parts of the
United States who feel the competition
of this product and want to Impose
the handicap on the growing Wash
ington and Oregon business. The ex
ports of condensed milk from these
two states amounts, according to re
liable authority, to 3000 carloads
yearly, and brings In a large amount
of wealth. New condenserles are
starting in numerous towns, to supply
the growing demand for Oregon and
Washington milk.
There la no complaint about the
quality nor the purity of this milk
and none about the measure of the
cans. The business is building up fast
the dairy Industry and bringing about
needed reforms in cultivation of the
soil. The total solid standard should
be reduced and the butter fat re
quirement maintained. There is ex
pert testimony to show that It Is Im
possible for manufacturers here to
tuin out a commercial product in
compliance with the 28 per cent stand
ard. The proper "basis for a milk
standard is the butter fat content.
Enforcement of the 28 per cent re
quirement would stop exportation of
Washington and Oregon evaporated
milk. It would put under the ban of
the National pure food law the milk
of these two states.
FACTS ON WATER TRANSPORTATION.
The Pendleton Tribune expresses
Inability to "understand the apparent
position of The Oregonian that rail
read transportation in this country
has reached, or is about to reach, the
state of efficiency where it has or will
practically supersede transportation
by water, and that the latter will be
deserted for lack of ability to compete
with the more rapid transit afforded
by the railroads." The only "position
that The Oregonian has taken on this
matter is to chronicle the facts and
call editorial attention to an actually
existing condition. If the railroads
had not superseded transportation by
water, on some portions of the Co
lumbia River, the splendid line of
steamboats in operation above Celllo
when the O. R. & N. was completed
would have 'been continued on the
run.
No one has ever accused a rail
road corporation of being so senti
mental or philanthropic as to abandon
a cheap method of moving freight
for one that was more expensive. No
steanVboat line since the days of the
Oregon Steam Navigation Company
has been so well equipped for hand
ling freight by steamboats as that
company was when the road was
completed. With a' portage road on
both slides of the river, and steam
boats above and below the rapids, it
was able to handle freight by steam
boat at the lowest possible cost. No
other loB-lcal reason can be advanced
for abandonment of this water route
than that it was more expensive to
nnrfltA an d" maintain than the rail
route. The Pendleton paper con
fuses the small river carrier witn tne
great ocean steamships, that, can as
rend the river as far as Portland
but cannot as yet go above the Dalles
to compete with the railroads. it
asks: "If boats cannot hold their own
nr.roEition to railroad transporta
tion, why should the improvement of
the Columbia River be carried Deyono
tho inside of the bar at its mouth?
If the Columbia River between
Portland and the river entrance were
novi mWb only for river steamboats
' of the type that can be used above
Celllo, there would be no reason for
carrying on Improvement above As
toria. Fortunately for Portland, for
Pendleton and for the whole Inland
Empire, the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers are navigable for Immense car
riers of 8000 and 10,000 tons. As. an
illustration of the economies or tnese
carriers, the case of the British steam-
shin Fxanklyn, which was chartered
Friday to load wheat at Portland, Is J
intoiiin Thn Franklyn loaded In
this port about a year ago, carrying
790T tons of wheat, and the entire
cost. Including pilotage, time of the
vessel and running expenses for the
round trip from Astoria to Portland
and return was less than ten cents
per ton.
To move the cargo of this single
steamship from Portland to Astoria
would have required twenty steam
boats of the largest size that can be
Uffd to advantage on the upper river,
end no railroad that was ever built
or ever will be built, could move
freight 100 miles at a profit at less
than -ten rents per ton. It is for
this reason that .peruana ns
.!. of mnnev in deepening and
improving the river channel. Still
larger carriers are coming and a
rhannl will be needed and it
will be provided Just as the present
channel has been proviaea.
Some day the increasing irauii; ui
h n-nr Inland Empire will warrant
extension of this deep-water channel
far up the Columbia, and great ocean
freighters wUll meet the railroads at
the Cascades and possibly still farther
up. This is a wondenui stream,
. ..i,ir, is ml In its infancy, but
a- a freight carrier, neither the river
steamboat nor the railroad can suc
cessfully compete with the mammoth
ocean freighters, which always have
r-et and always will meet traffic at
the farthest point miana tnax can
be reached.
COLUMBIA RIVER IMPROVEMENTS.
Tk nirrpnt number of the Engin
eering News devotes eight pages to
the "U. S. Improvements of the Co
lumbia River, Oregon and Washing
ton." The article, wnicn is nanu
somely illustrated and contains a
world of technical detail regarding tne
work at the entrance of the rjver, and
also on the upper river, is supplied
by W. P. Hardesty, a prominent local
r.ixj-11 endni(r. The importance of
the subject can be appreciated even
by those who are unfamiliar witn tne
great river, for In his opening sen
tence Mr.' Hardesty states that "The
Columbia River is the second river in
size, measured by volume, in the
United States, its maximum flow of
1,600,000 sec-ft being only slightly
exceeded by that of the Mississippi."
The immensity of the stream is
further described in the statement
that it "drains most of Oregon, Wash
ington and Idaho, portions of Mon
tana and British Columbia, and even
parts of Nevada, Utah and Wyoming."
No portion of Mn Hardesty s article
la of more interest to the people or
Portland that that in which he says
that, for 75 per cent of the distance
from Portland to. the sea, there is a
Honth of from thirty to fifty feet of
water and for the remainder of the
distance a depth of twenty-two to
twpntv-flve feet in the shoalest places.
This means that for three-fourths of
the distance between Portland and
the sea there is a depth of water suf
ficient for the largest ships In the
world, while for the remaining dis
tance there Is a depth ample for more
than 90 per cent ef the ships now
afloat. The comparative ease with
which Portland has deepened the
channel from Its former stage of ten
and fifteen feet, on the worst of the
bars at low water, to the present
depth of twenty-five feet, is a guar
antee that the additional depth for
the 25 per cent of the dlstauce in
which the thirty-foot channel is not
yet In evidence, will be easily secured.
It has now been demonstrated that
the jetty at the entrance of the river
will provide a channel of ample depth
for almost an craft on the Pacific,
and It is now time to make an earnest.
determined effort to clean out tne
channel above Astoria to a uniform
depth of not less than thirty feet.
With such a channel, and two great
railroads draining the entire Inland
Empire of traffic, the future of this
city as a seaport is assured for all
time. The task Is not a serious one,
but it will require united support and
a cessation of rainbow chases after
visonary transportation lines. An
open river from Portland to the sea
means more to the entire Inland Em
pire than any other project now be
fore the people.
THE FIRST THOUSAND DOLLARS.
While the views of Mr. Harriman on
topics outside of his special field of
finance and transportation may carry
small weight, he was right when In a
published interview the- other day he
declared that the opportunities for
young men are far brighter today than
they were forty years ago. This is an
age of Incomparable activity in every
line of human endeavor. In the Unit
ed States It calls for the driving pow
er, the excess of vitality, that dwells
In the man whose years do not num
ber two score. There never was a
time when mechanical skill, executive
talent and sheer Intellect had so eager
a market as now; when these qualities
were so readily and steadily convert
ible into cash.
Conditions are far easier for the
young man today than ever before.
True, the opportunity for seizing upon
the natural resources of the country
are not so wide as in the '60s or the
'70s, but he doesn't have to wait until
old age, as did his father or grand
father, to enjoy the belated harvest.
He needs make no such sacrifice as
was made by nearly every man who
pioneered it west of the Mississippi,
nor endure such hardships. Earning
a competency in thickly settled re
gions entails less labor and privation
than in a wilderness.
The main reason why so many
young men look on the future with
doubt Is that they haven't learned to
do one thing well. If you expect high
wage, you must give high service. This
requires thorough training and over
average aptitude, whether your voca
tion is sawing' lumber, superintending
a mine, building a bridge or preaching
sermons. In the mechanical arts. In
business and in the learned profes
sions, you must specialize. There is
no room for the Jack-of-all-trades,
nor for the novice, except at appren
tice pay.
Another reason why" multitudes of
young men have small hope of suc
cess is that -they have never been
taught, therefore have not acquired
the habit of systematic saving. In
quire into the beginning of American
fortunes and you will find In practi
cally every instance, It was the first
thousand dollars saved that laid the
foundation. Even those who after
ward accumulated great wealth by
questionable methods, got their start
in the first thousand they laid by.
And let no normal young man who has
learned to do one thing well, and Is
free from exceptional family burdens.
av h ran't save a thousand dollars
He must do it if he desires inde
pendence. One excellent plan . for putting by
the first thousand dollars is to as
sume that your income has been cut
down. Then save this reduction. Sup
pose there should come a period of
depression, such as we had from 1893
t 1897, and your wages of necessity
were reduced 20 per cent. Would you
run away from your Job and Jump
into the river? No. You and all your
fellow-laborers would adjust your liv
ing expenses to conform to the smaller
income. Now, is it going to call for
any considerable sacrifice or privation
to do this? . The act will Involve not
even a shadow of acerbity, because It
is voluntary- Neither your employer
lUUUOLiim I
reduction. After you have saved the
20 per cent, you will still be provided
with all the necessities of life, many
of the comforts and a few of the lux
uries. If your income is J1000 a year, it
will take you only five years to save
the first thousand, assuming that the
savings lie idle all the time. Unless
you are a lunkhead, your earnings will
be moe at the end of five years and
your proportion of savings much larg
er. By that time you ought to have
acquired the habit of systematic sav
ing which is quite as easy as the habit
of spending every cent you earn. No
one Is counseling you to get down to
the scale of living that obtains among
folk of your own station In Europe;
all you are asked to do is to live ra
tionally and comfortably. The new
sensation of a growing bank account
or ownership of a piece ef productive
property, together with the knowledge
that you are creating for yourself your
old age pension, will more than com
pensate for the consciousness that you
are wearing your clean and serviceable
Winter suit through its second season.
It will enable you, without a blush, to
enjoy grand opera or Shakespeare
from an inexpensive seat near the ceil
ing. It will foster a feeling of self
respect and manliness that the spend
thrift doesn't know.
jOnly one young man in a hundred
thousand has the combination of
greed. Intellect, enterprise and oppor
tunity to become a captain of in
dustry, but every young man endowed
with health has the capacity to
achieve financial independence. To
do it he must set out to save the first
thousand dollars.
MARINO WRONG-DOING EASY.
The more one thinks of the facts
and circumstances of the Standard Oil
-rebate case, the more it becomes ap
parent that Judge Landis' decision
was Just and that the decision or tne
appellate court tends to the subversion
of justice not only In this but in fu
ture cases. The more fully the case
is understood the more generally will
the people of this country justify the
language used by President Roosevelt
In his comment upon the decision.
The reversal was a great victory for
law-breakers; it was a sad day for
those whose interests He with the
prosecution of wrong-doers.
There was absolutely no doubt of
the guilt of the defendant The Stand
ard Oil Company was granted the re
bates. It made millions thereby, and
was thus enabled to suppress compe
tition. To say that the company and
its responsible managers did not know
that the rebates were granted is fool
ishness. No one will believe such a
preposterous assumption. Does any
man in his right mind suppose for a
minute that a railroad would grant
a shipper a large rebate without let
ting the beneficiary of the discrimina
tion know that the favor had been
given? Furthermore, can any man
who knows of the systematic manner
in which modern business enterprises
are conducted, believe that the com
pany did not know all about every
freight rate it paid? Large shippers
do not pay bills upon presentation
without knowing that they are cor
rect. Large corporations do not amass
enormous wealth by doing business in
such a careless manner. A Standard
Oil manager would not hold his posi
tion a month if he paid freight bills
to the amount of hundreds of thou
sands of dollars without knowing ex
actly the authority for collection of
the money.
The Standard Oil Company admits
that it was granted the rebate, and
ordinary common sense declares that
it knew it was getting it at the time.
The fact that It did get It was a cir
cumstance warranting the belief that
It knew what It was doing. But
whether it had actual knowledge or
not should have been Immaterial, for
it was its business to know and It
should be held responsible accord
ingly. It certainly had the means of
knowing, for the regular tariff rates
of all transportation companies are
published for Information of all ship
pers. In criminal cases of smaller
Importance the offender is charged
with the duty of- knowing the facts.
Under our laws prohibiting the sale
of liquors to minors It has been uni
versally held that the liquor dealer
cannot set up as a defense that he
did not know the purchaser was a
minor. Nor is it a defense that he
asked the purchaser his age and was
Informed that he was over 21 years
old. Selling to a minor is the offense
and the courts have held that the
liquor dealer must ascertain at his
peril the actual age of the purchaser.
Such should have been the rule in
the case against the Standard Oil
Company for accepting a rebate.
The assertion that the appellate
court's decision . tends to encourage
violation of law and to protect the
violator is easily substantiated. Since
the court holds that guilty knowledge
must be proven. It will now be to the
interest, of large shippers to remain in
ignorance of the regular schedule of
rates, so that they will have a com
plete defense if It should be discov
ered that they are getting rebates. No
longer is it their duty to know whether
their acts are in accordance with law,
for ignoranc"e constitutes immunity.
In still another particular the de
cision encourages violation of law.
The appellate court held that In de
termining the number of offenses the
trial judge should have counted each
settlement, rather than each carload
shipment, a separate offense. Then
U will hereafter be to the interest of
those wishing to violate the law to
make as many shipments as possible
before making a settlement, for the
crime is not complete until the set
tlement has been made. By making
a settlement only once in a year or
once in several years, the Standard
Oil Company can continue to violate
the law and make money by it, not
withstanding It may come into court
occasionally and pay the small fine
that will be permitted under the de
cision Just rendered irt its favor. The
court, which is popularly believed to
labor for suppression of crime, has
carefully pointed, out to the offender
the means by which it can continue
Its violation of law and rest secure
from payment of a penalty commen
surate with the crime.
The fine of $29,000,000 looked large,
and it was large, but not out of pro
portion to the immense sum of money
the Standard Oil Company has made
out of its special favors from the
transportation companies. If Judge
Landis, in his effort to put a stop to
crime, imposed a fine a little too laijge
he at least acted more wisely than
did the appellate court, which laid
down a rule making the fine ridicu
lously small.
Judge Landis' decision, viewed in
all its bearings, was an effort toward
attainment of a square deal and en
forcement of justice. The appellate
court's decision is technical. It gets
as far as possible from the question
of guilt or innocence. It makes con
viction of the guilty almost impossi
ble and tends to encourage trans
gression of law.
Among the list of bids opened at
Washington yesterday for the con
struction of a floating drydock for
the Puget Sound Navy-yard, the
names of Pacific Coast bidders are
conspicuous for their absence. This
is somewhat unusual, as it would
seem that the builders on this Coast
would have at least a slight advantage
in their position that would offset to
a degree the cheaper labor and
cheaper material which are available
for the Eastern builders. There Is a
possibility that the "raw" deal given
the Pacific Coast shipyards that bid
on the big dock for Manila may have
had something to do with their re
fusal to bid at this time. A strict ad
herence to Government red tape
methods which were .followed in the
case of the Manila dock would, of
course, prevent the Coast bidders
from sharing in any of the saving the
Government might make by having
the dock built where it was needed,
instead of 15,000 miles away.
Government ownership of railroads
has been a contributing factor of no
small importance in bringing Japan
Into her present serious financial
plight and it is now announced that
preparations are under way for a
transfer of the rail lines of the coun
try to private parties. According to
advices from Tokio, the only hitch
irT'the proceedings at this time is the
difficulty in formulating a plan for
the prevention of a wholesale slump
in the price of the securities. The
experience of the Japanese govern
ment with the railroads will probably
be a lesson for other countries which
have aspirations in that direction. If
Japan, with her intensely patriotic cit
izens, could not make a success of the
scheme, there would not be much
hope for a country whose citizens, by
hundreds and thousands, spend their
time in railing at the government and
preaching the doctrine of anarchy
and chaos.
Astoria is making great prepara
tions for the coming regatta and is
outlining a programme which prom
ises to exceed in brilliancy the highly
successful events of this kind in the
past. The regatta has become one of
the fixed events of the Summer sea
son at the mouth of the river and
offers a pleasing diversion for the
people who spend their Summers at
the adjacent beaches and also at
tracts a steadily increasing number
of visitors from interior points. The
beautiful bay formed by the widerf
ing of the Columbia, as it nears the
sea, offers one of the finest racing
courses In the country for all classes
of sailboats, and the contests are
never Bhort on entries,. Admiral
George Shepherd, of Portland, has
been honored with the leading position
in this year's carnival, and Portland,
as usual, will be well represented and
willing to assist our neighbors in
making the affair a huge success.
The Seattle newspapers will con
cede, no doubt, that there was enough
money left in Oregon to build and pay
for a fine building at the A.-Y.-P. ex
position. But the conviction Is gradu
ally gaining ground here that we were
a little hasty In making that .100,000
appropriation in partial acknowledg
ment of what many people thought
Seattle did for the Portland expo
sition, but didn't.
Mr. Bryan admits, with great re
luctance, that It takes money to run a
campaign, but he is looking for "con
tributions of considerable size fr(m
several sources." Possibly Mr. Har
riman may be induced to squeeze up
that dollar donation to $1.50.
The commission system would be an
ideal system of government for Port
land, perhaps even more ideal than
the present system that Is, if men
could be elected to the commission
who would quit squabbling.
We haven't heard of any suspicious
looking Japs hanging around Ameri
can Lake, making maps and stealing
the secrets of American field strategy.
Is it possible that there Is nothing
more for the Jap to learn?
News that President Roosevelt dis
charged the Brownsville soldiers
makes the matter right. Roosevelt
can do with whites what nobody else
can, and so with negroes.
Orator Hearst is to make a whirl
wind campaign of the country for the
Independence party. Oregon is to be
In the trail of the cyclone. To your
cellars, everybody.
Has it occurred to the charter
changers that the commission method
would put out of office the four-year
Councllmen? Here Is something to
bo reckoned with. ,
Senator Fulton's peace plan Is re
ceived with the same indifference as
was the peace conference of a pre
ceding regime in Empire Theater.
Put off that vacation as long as
you can and your protracted expecta
tions will be one of the enjoyable
parts of It.
That little Gould coup was only a
trifle, says Mr. Harriman, just to
help George out. Clean out?
Anyway, Harry Thaw isn't crazy
enough to nay those fabulous expert
bills.
SILHOUETTES
BY ARTHUR A. GREENE.
Manx- men. roneludtne that the dem
ocracy of bachelorhood is a failure, flee
to the monarchy of matrimony
refuge.
Th. oii-a-iQo stneo Manager of the
,miv., mniiM-cooil use of-ten thou
sand mean and petty souls as a back
ground for a proper display oi ma t
great spirits.
The merrv narasol manufacturer is
always glad to let a little sunshine into
the lives of others.
.
When stockholders fall out the re
ceiver gets his automobile.
An lnfldel is one who deosn't sub
scribe toyour brand of religion.
W V
tt-hen Alton B. Parker comes to Port
land he may expect a demonstration
that will drown the noise of the peanut
roaster whistles.
Th. Veen erice of interest in the re
turn of Jonathan Bourne will be dulled
somewhat by the fact that Barnum
Bailey's has a prior date.
a ior.nl fruit merchant is suing for
the value of a carload of watermelons
which he alleges were overripe when
loaded for transit. This seems to be a
case wherein to the victim belongs the
spoils.
rrv,e ne mod thing that can be said
for idle curiosity is that it sometimes
finds work.
I have discovered that the majority
of men who use the prefix Professor be
nr t,eir Tifimps either do something
in the boxing line or give psychic read
ings. ...
To My Pipe.
Old friend, through thick an thin
We've stuck together.
In sorry times and sunny weather;
But come what might
Come grave, come gay,'
You've been my comrade day by day.
Sometimes with solace when things went
wrong.
Sometimes a-glow with a merry" song.
But always faithful and always true
You listened, patient, when I talked to
you.
And if perchance a bore staid long.
Went out. which same I couldn't do.
You understand and you know why.
You never complain when things go awry.
But keep your peace and hold your
tongue
And are always soothing when hearts are
wrung.
So here's to you. and may heaven
forefend
You from brimstone and fire.
My rare old friend.
...
New York Republicans can ill afford
nov. fun of John W. Kern's whiskers
so long as Governor Hughes stands out
against the shaving trust.
...
Foreign titles seem to be about the only
brand of wearing apparel an American
woman can get by the customs officials
without paying duty.
...
In National politics there's many a slip
twixt the platform and the next session
of Congress. ...
A dicer's oaths sound as true as Holy
Writ by comparison with the prospectus
of a Summer resort hotel.
Hope may spring eternal In the human
breast but after 30 Hope usually suffers
from rheumatism.
Mr. Harriman will spend the next few
weeks on his ranch near Klamath Falls
watering the stock and shearing the
lambs.
...
It is but natural that grass widows
should object to wearing widow's weeds.
Count Zeppelin, the unfortunate air
ship inventor, may properly be charged
with flying in the face of Providence.
When a man contemplates getting
married he lies awake nights trying to
figure out how he can do It. After he is
married he lies awake nlghU trying to
figure out why he did It.
Those Alluring Ad.
Richmond Times-Dispatch.
When my two quart, of lemonade
Left me 100 in the .hade,
Or haply more, Ood wot,
I tried, quite vexed, a "Mot" or so.
And after that a "Pepal-Co."
But ah. they left me hot!
I told the hoy to mix m up
An "loe-Oold Frlipah" In a cup
And then a "Snow-Flake Ball'
With several Sundaes on the side -I
dranlc 'em. felt myself and crledi
"Why, I ain't cool at all!"
A "Coca-Pep." a "FriKerate."
Some "Fairbanks Coolers" (S or 8),
A mus of "Jlnftor-Eaf
All these I swallowed on the fir
With many like, and then why I
Was nearly dead of heat.
Each one wan "Ouaranteed to Cool."
But didn't there I stood, a fool,
100 tn the shade.
said I- "Cuss these newfancled drlnkt!"
And, after several lonft, slow thinks,
I called: "Boy, lemonade;"
Because.
AdelaMe Anne Procter.
It Is not hecause your heart la mine mine
only ,
Mine alone;
It I. not hecause you chose me. weak ana
lonely
For rour own;
Not hec-Buse the earth Is fairer, and th.
skies
Spread above you
Are more radiant for the .hlnlnj of your
eyes
That I love yon!
But because this human love, though tru.
and sweet
Tours and mine
Has been sent by Love more tender, mor.
complete.
More divine;
That it leads our hearts to rest at last In
heaven,
Far above you;
Do I take you as a gift that God ha.
given
And I love you!
The Cold World.
FolKer McKlnisey, In Baltimore Pun.
A cold iworld. but a ROld world, and th
best old world we've cot
So, lauKh- and he contented, and b. happy
with your lot!
A cold world, but a bold world, when th.
heart Is beating rljfht,
"When the hands have done their duty.
And the eves And hidden beauty
In the sweet and simple valleys and th.
hills that lead to llRht.
A cold world, hut a gold world, and the
best old world we know.
So, deck the lips with laughter and forget
about your woe!
A cold world, hut a whole world of Mess-
Inirs In dlFKulsc.
When w,e take Its paths of plenmlng;
To the Jgoldcn shores of dreaming.
The violets In the meadow, and tli un-
ehlne la th. skies! '
find It best to desert Uelchlzedek and