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Single Tax Bad for Farmers
Its Irregularity Shown, and a Commission of Experts Is Favored Advice
That Bills of Both Salmon Interests Be Passed by Initiative.
BY GEORGE A. THACHE'
UNDER the constitution and laws of
Oregon, when S per cent of the
voters get enthusiastic over a wise
measure or a fad, they can compel the
other 92 per cent to accept or reject
their ideas at the polls.
That kind of democracy means respon
sibility that oan't be dodged. This year
the voters' text-book makes that sense of
responsibility a heavy one. There is one
measure to make cities independent of
the state law against Rambling at one
end of the scale, and a referendum on
a rascally act of the last legislature
which virtually compels railroads to
Brant free passer to all state, county
and district officers during their terms
of office at the other end. Between
the two extremes, the gradation Is In
sensible. Rival companies have pro
posed laws to damage each other's busi-
ness; and the disciples of Henry George
propose a revolution In taxat'on. It is
not strange that some sensible men are
so disgusted that they wantto repudi
ate the whole system, and yet just this
sort of thing was found to occur. What
will the voters of Oregon do? It's a
merciless test of what is called the
average Intelligence, but I believe It
will be a successful one.
There is another point in that con
nection. It's the most difficult thing in
the world to get assessors to value
property on the same basis. In esti
mating land with the Improvements,
there is always one criterion the sell
ing value. Take out all improvements
and who would be so wild as to hope
that assessors would estimate fairly
the value of the bare land? With un
equal valuations, . the inequalities and
I Injustice would be tremendously in--creased
by a heavier tax on land.
There is only one really technical
question in the whole list, and that is
the one concerning taxation. The law
proposed is a long stride towards the
single tax on land. It's an old. old Idea
that as land is tha basis, of production,
all taxes shift and finally reach the
land. The Oregon Tax Reform Asso
ciation says in its argument, after re
ferring to the fact that farmers want
everything taxed, under such a system
the farmer pays taxes on everything,
while the bulk of wealth drained from
farms escapes taxation.
Scllgman relates how Voltaire punc
tured the fallacy considerably over 100
years ago in France. He pointed out
that If the farmer paid the taxes, it
was unnecessary for his wealthy
brothers whose Incomes were derived
from other sources, to pay any. That
strikes the keynote of taxation. People
are taxed because as part of the state,
they are in duty bound to support it,
according to their ability to pay. How
shall their ability to nay be measured?
That is the eternal problem of laying
taxes. Shall the fact that some men
are Inclined to invest in land. In the
hope of gain, be sufficient cause to re
quire them to pay all fhe taxes? Shall
the man who devotes himself to manu
facturing go free? The single-taxer in
Oregon says "yes. i
It is true that the tax laid on land I
does not shift: It comes out of the
landowner. His grain, beef and fruit
are sold in the world markets, and the
prices ara regulated in Chicago and
Uverpovl. He can't shift the tax; it
comes out of his profits.
The single-taxer says that the cities
of Oregon are worth seven times as
much in land values as all the farming
lands in the state, and yet they pay
40 per cent only of the taxes. There
is no doubt that taxation In Oregon
needs reforming, nut the single-taxer
overlooks this point: In the cities, the
tti.tiHines a.re worth a good .deal more
than the land. In the country the land
is worth a good deal more than the
buildings, and consequently to exempt
all improvements except business
blocks will make It necessary for the
country to pay a still -larger per cent
of the taxes than it does now.
Admitting that the owner of the Cham
ber of Commerce in Portland wquld pay
a higher tax under the proposed law than
at present, would that console the farmer
for paying higher taxes, when he knows
that the owners of dwellings in villages
and the owners of expensive homes in
Portland are released from all taxes on
thelr dwellings?
The two canons of justice in taxation
are universality and equality of taxa
tion. Under the -present system in Ore
gon it is true that men do not pay ac
cording to their ability to pay, but how
can it help the situation to exempt man
ufacturing and lay all taxes on land own
ers? Sellgman remarks justly: "To con
fiscate the capital invested in land, with
the chance of the land either falling or
rising in value, while exempting abso
lutely the capital invested in corporate
or industrial securities, is but a travesty
of justice."
Oregon needs tax reform but it is a
technical subject, like banking, and a
commission of experts offers the only
hope of getting it. Our neighboring
State of Washington made some progress
in 1907. with the aid of its Tax Commis
sion. Oregon is free to adopt the same
methods.
The proposed amendment to - secure
proportional representation is one of the
most important measures on which the
voters will pass. It will permit the Leg
islature to adopt a system giving 'each
party its fair share of representatives.
The leading statesmen of the Nation have
advocated it for many years. It is dem
ocratic and just, and will, abolish gerry
manders, which are an abomination to
all honest men. It will not only tend to
secure better men for the Legislature,
with the consequent better legislation,
but it will make the majority party
more responsible for Its lawmaking. So
far, the attempts in the United States
to establish such a system have not
been successful, but Oregon has a free
field and can adopt the most successful
plan In operation among the democratic
countries of the world. It is a most
hopeful reform if the voters really
want it.
There has been so much discussion
about the two bills introduced by ini
tiative petition to protect the salmon
fisheries in the Columbia River, and as
it is generally admitted that the bills
were proposed by private business inter
ests to damage each other In spite of
their protestations of virtue it seems
worth while to consider how it would
do for the voters throughout the state
whose only interest is to save the sal
mon to take advantage of the war be
tween the rival firms and enact both
laws on the first of June.
The Legislature has failed year after
year to enact a suitable law because of
the conflicting interests, and now. under
the Initiative, the up-river fishermen
have proposed to restrict fishing on the
lower river, so as to give the salmon a
chance to get up stream: and the lower
river fishermen have proposed a law to
abolish fishing for salmon, except by hook
and line, at all places up stream from a
point 15 miles east of Vancouver, Wash.
The Oregonian says that this is not a
proper use of the inititiative. but I think
the real question is: "Can the salmon
industry be saved in this way?" The
voters of the state have no prejudices
in the matter; it is simply a question of
whether both laws would stand if they
were passed.
The session laws of 1907, chapter 226,
section 7. provide that "if two or more
conflicting laws shall be approved by ;
THE SUXDAY OREGOMAN, PORTLAND, MAY 24, 1908.
the people at the same election, the law
receiving the greatest number of affirm
ative votes shall be paramount in all
particulars as to which there is conflict,
even though such law may not have
received the greatest majority of af
firmative votes."
Do these proposed laws conflict in any
particular? To answer that queslion it
is only necessary to read the bills as of
fered to the people.
The law regulating fishing on the
Lower Columbia River is summarized
as follows by the Attorney-General:
"An act of initiative petition to protect
salmon and sturgeon in the Columbia
River and its tributaries and in the
Sandy River prohibits fishing for-salmon
or sturgeon on Sunday from January 1
to October 1, also in the Columbia River
only from October 1 to December 31. also
in the navigable channels of the Colum
bia at night, also at any time in Sandy
River and in Columbia River west of
west line of range nine west, near As
toria, and east of the west line of range
16 east, near Celilo, and limits seines
to 160 fathoms long 'and 4 1-6 fathoms
deep. The law abolishing fishing on the
upper river provides that after August
25. 1908, there shall be no fishing for
salmon or sturgeon at any time, by any
means, except hook and line, in the
Sandy River, or any of its tributaries,
or in the Columbia River, or any of its
tributaries, at any place up stream from
its confluence with the Sandy River, or
with hook and line during the spawning
season."
Where is there any possible conflict
between the two laws? Again, what
possible harm is there in the question
being taken to the Supreme Court of
Oregon by the up-river fishermen or the
down-river - fishermen, providing the
voters adopt both laws? There will
never be a cheaper or quicker way of
saving the salmon industry. As for the
fishermen, they can't be said to be com
ing before the people with "clean
hands." Each lot wants to destroy the
other. Why should not the voters pass
both laws and do their best to save the
industry for the good of the state and
for the benefit of the next generation?
As for the argument that the procedure
would establish a dangerous precedent,
I believe and think that every thought
ful man in Oregon will agree with me
that there is no precedent which could
possible be established which would so
thoroughly sicken for all time any busi
ness interest which hoped to damage a
rival by law through an initiative peti
tion as the procedure proposed in this
case of adopting both laws."
It will be remembered that when the
railroad IntereMs talked of a referendum
on the portage railroad act that the
Portland Chamber of Commerce sug
gested that it might offer a maximum
rate law by initiative petition. There
was no referendum filed.
SHORT ROUTE EAST.
The new Canadian Pacific route via
Spokane is the short line to St. Paul.
The finest equipped trains in the "West
are operated via this route. Electric
lighted. Buffet-library-compartment-observation
cars. Up-to-date sleeping cars.
Excellent dining car service. For full
particulars call on or address F.'R. John
son. G. A. P. D., 142 Third street,' Port
land. Sam Bray Charged With "Rolling."
OREGON CITY, Or., May 23. (Spe
cial.) Sam Bray was bound over to the
Circuit Court today on a charge of "roll
ing" John Waleck and relieving him of
a watch Bray is alleged to have en
ticed Waleck from one of the saloons to
a dark place on the river bank, where
he knocked him down and robbed him.
When arrested by Officer Shaw. Bray had
Waleck's watch in his possession. In de
fault of $200 bail he was placed la jail.
There are "17.000,000 children in Russia
between the ages of 6 and 14 receiving abso
lutely no education.
STRIKERS VOTE ON TERMS
DETERMINE STATCS WITH COM
PANY BY BALLOT.
Decide AYliether to Go Back
"Sew" Men or Stand Out
for Seniority.
CLEVELAND, O., May 23. The work
of the State Arbitrators in an effort to
bring about peace in the 'street-railway
strike, was resumed today. At
the same time the strikers began vot
ing upon the acceptance or rejection
of the points that already have been
agreed upon between the strikers' ex
ecutive committee and the committee
representing the Municipal Traction
Company. The refusal of Glen K.
Hhurtliff to act as the third arbitrator
seriously complicates the situation for
the state mediators. .
Vice-President Behner, of the union,
has approved the suggestion of a bal
lot by which the men are to express
their desires as to whether they shall
go back to work temporarily ast
"new" men or stand out for their old
places.
NORTHWESJ LEAGUE.
"Won. Lost. P.O.
Tacoma ....17 1(1 .t0
Aberdeen IS il -3;4
Spokan '. " -519
Seattle '
Butte . 11 1 -0
Vancouver (B. C.) 18 -333
Butte 3; Spokane 4.
SPOKAXE, Wash., May 23. (Spe
cial.) Spokane got the decision, 4 to
3. in eleven innings today after a pro
longed wrestle with the Miners. It
was Claflin again who tied the score
for Spokane in the eighth and saved
a run by a perfect tniow rrom left
field to third base in the tenth. The
visitors hit Wright savagely and only
the great defensive work of Spokane
saved him. He was weakening, in the
tenth, but got through the inning with
out harm. In the eleventh, Jensen
was sent In to pitch for bpokane and
the Butte lefthanders were helpless.
Both teams played magnificent ball.
The batting of Bennett was a feature.
Claftin pitched .a steady game for the
Miners, except in the eleventh, when
his weakening forced in the winning
run. The score:
R.H.E.
Butte 010002000 0 3 13 1
Spokane ...0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 14 7 3
Batteries Claflin and Shea; Wright,
Jensen, Rogers and Reniker. Umpire
Black.
Seattle 4; Aberdeen 0.
SEATTLE, Wash.. May 23. (Spe
cial.) Rush shut out Aberdeen today
for the second time in a week. Brown
and Van Buren were the only men
on the visiting team that managed to
land the ball in safe territory. Stark
ell pitched a good game, but a timely
rap by Frisk in the first gave the locals
one run and a couple of two-baggers
and a single in the seventh netted
three more. Despite Seattle's three
errors, the fielding of the home team
was fast, and two brilliant double
plays were pulled off. After the first
inning only three men an Inning faced
Rush. The score:
R.H.E.
Seattle 10000030 2 4 6 3
Aberdeen 00000000 0 0 2 0
Batteries Rusn and Stanley; Stark
ell, Lewis and Spencer.
Vancouver 2; Tacoma tl.
VANCOUVER. B. C, May 23. (Spe
cial). Rain made it necessary to call
today's game at the . end of the sixth
inning, with the score a tie at 2 and 2.
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Won. Lost. Pet.
Chicago 18 8 .602
Philadelphia 14 12 .ES
Pittsburg 13 12 .520
Cincinnati , 14 :f ".19
Boston 18 15 .518
New York 13 Hi -44S
St. I-ouls 13 19 .4
Brooklyn 12 18 .400
St. Louis 6; "ew "ork 2.
ST. LOUIS, May 23. St. Louis liad
no trouble in taking both games of a
double-header from New York today.
Scores:
R. H. E. K. H. E.
St. Louis ..6 10 2jNew Tork..2 7 .2
Batteries Lush. Raymond and Lud
wig; McGinnity, Malarky, Bresnahan
and Needham. Umpires Klem and
Rigler.
. Second game:
R. H. E.! R. H. E.
St. Louis ..2 9 OjNew York..O 4 1
Batteries Salee and Ludwig; Wiltse
and Bresnahan. Umpires Rigler and
Klem.
Brooklyn 5; Pittsburg 0.
PITTSBURG, Pa.. May 23. The home
team used three pitchers and were un
able to hit Pastorius. Score:
R. H. E. R. H. E.
Pittsburg ..0 4 2Brooklyn ..5 9 1
Batteries Leever, Young, Willis and
Gibson; Pastorius and Bergen. Um
pires O'Day and Johnstone.
Cincinnati 8; Philadelphia 2.
CINCINNATI, May 23. Five of Cin
cinnati's eight hits were for extra
bases, and all figured in the run-getting.
The victory of the locals put
them into second place. Sore:
R. H. K. R. H. E.
Cincinnati. 8 S 0Phila 2 7 2
Batteries Ewing and McLean;
Sparks. I'oxen and Dooin. Umpire
Emslie.
Chicago 6; Boston 4.
CHICAGO, May 2'. The locals won
today in an evemy divided hard-hitting
contest. Score:
R. H. E. R. H. E.
Chicago ...6 10 lBoston 4 10 2
Batteries Lundgren and Kling;
Lindaman and Bowerman. Umpire
Rudderham.
AMERICAN" LEAGUE.
Won. Lost. Pet.
New York 20 .X)
Cleveland IT 12 .586
Philadelphia 18 35 .545
Chicago 14 14 .500
Detroit 14 14 .500
pure. The critical ordeal through which the expectant mother must
pass, however, is so fraught with dread, pain, suffering and danger,
thjt the very thought of it fills her with apprehension and horror.
There is no necessity for the reproduction of life to be either painful
or dangerous. The use of Mother's Friend so prepares the system for -the
coming event that it is safely passed without any danger. This
great and wonderful
remedy is always
appliedexternally,and
has carried thousands
of women through
the trying crisis without suffering.
Bend for tree book containing Information
f priceless value to all expectant mother.
The Bradfield Realtor Co Atlanta. Ga.
St. Louis 15 .4R4
tVajhinKton 11 18 .379
Boston 11 20 .305
Detroit 3; Washington 2.
WASHINGTON. May 23. Killian clever
ly out-pitched Hughes today and Detroit
defeated Washington. The score:
R.H.E. R.H.E.
Washington 2 8 1 Detroit 3 9 1
Batteries Hughes and Warner; Killian
and Schmidt.
Cleveland 4; Philadelphia 2.
PHILADELPHIA, May 23. Cleveland
defeated Philadelphia by timely hitting
coupled with three stolen bases, each of
which assisted in the scoring. The score:
R H E. ' R H E
Cleve'and ...4 6 3 Philadelphia 2 4 1
Batteries Eerger and Bemiss; Carter,
Dygert, Smith, Schreck and Powers.
Boston 6; St. Ivouis 2.
BOSTON, May 23. Three errors and
timely hitting gave Boston todav's game.
The score:
R.1T.K-I R.H.E.
Boston 6 11 21 St. Louis 2 10 4
Batteries Morgan and Carrigan; Powell
and Spencer.
New York 4 ; Chicago O.
NEW TORK. May 23. Better pitching
than that done by Orth and Smith in
today's game could not be desired, but
Smith was supported very poorly in the
early innings. The score:
R.H.E. R.H.E.
Chicago 0 4 4jNew York 4 5 0
Batteries Smith and Shaw; Orth and
Kleinow.
Mount Angel 9; Silverton 0.
MOUNT ANGEL., Or., May 23. (Spe
cial.) Mount Angel defeated Silverton to
day, 9 to 0.
DAILY METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
PORTLAND, May 23. Maximum tempera
ture, 77 degrees; minimum. 44 degrees. River
reading at 8 A. M., 14.2 feet; change in last
24 hours, .1 foot. Total rainfall (5 P. M. to
5 P. M.) non; total rainfall since September
I, 1907, 38.07 inches; normal rainfall, 41.68
inches; deficiency. 3.61 inches. Total sunshine
May 22. 1 1 hours, 6 minutes; possible sun
shine May 22, 15 hours, 13 minutes. Barome
ter (reduced to sea-level), at 5 P. M., 30.05
Inches.
WEATHER CONDITIONS.
The pressure has fallen decidedly over thin
forecast district during the last 12 hours, but
clear skies continue nevertheless over the
Pacific Slope and Plateau region, excepting
in extreme Northwestern Washington, where
cloudiness prevails. Rain was falling at
Tatooeh Island tbi evening at time of re
port. Tempe- tures were higher than last
No woman'i happi.
nest can be complete
without children ; it
U her nature to love
and -want them
as much so ai
it is to love the
beautiful and
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3
evening, especially over Oregon, Eastern
Washington and Idaho.
The Indications point to & continuation of
the present fair weather over this forecast
district Sunday, excepting over Western
Washington and Northwestern Oregon, where
increasing cloudinesa i expectec", with possi
bly showers, and lower temperatures in the
Interior.
2
2
STATIONS.
Baker City
Bismarck
Boise
Kurcka
Helen.
Kamloops
North Head
Penal eltc
I -or :r.o
Rd 3iu(T.-.
rioted rg
Sacrum nto
Sa.t Lake ,
San f rancieco. . .
Six- k'f .
Clear
Rainy
Clear
6-tMHl 4:K
72io 0lOjU'
5s't..i:.j a:kw
!(. 0, 4NYV
72 ( T. i"ain
rS0.0O 4'SW
(il .'X'!lO,X W
tt;o.o;.i 3SE
JsT.io. 11)14 IN
H)'r-.Hi 4'NW
86iO.;i2NW
I2;n'v
7r.m.oi2oisv
T.'M( .001 (iSV
72iO.HO; 4rY
Ml O.ol !SB
780.00 4!SK ,
Pi. cloudy
1 1 nun V
cloudy
. cloudr
Clear
Clear
Pt. cloudy
Clear
Clear
P.. clour.y
P'.. cloudy
Rainy
Varum a. . . .
-land.
"Walla Walla.
Clear
T. Trace.
FORECASTS.
For the 28 hours ending midniprht. May 24:
Portland and vfcinitj- Increasing cloudine.s '
and cooler, with possibly showers; westerly
winds.
Western Washington and Northwestern
Oregon Increasing cloudiness, with possibly
showers; cooler interior; westerly winds.
Southwestern Oregon Probably fair; north
west winds.
Eastern Oregon, Eastern Washington and
Id-iho Probably fair. L. LODHOLZ.
Local Forecaster temporarily in charg
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advertising is ordered to run comecutt
days, DalJy and Sunday issue. In Ore
gonian charges tint-time rate each inrtiou
tor ctasbilied advertising that is not run on
consecutive days. The flrst-time rate
charged for eucn invert Ion in Xho Weekly
Oregonian.
"Koom," "Rooms and Board, "House
keeping Kooms," -Sit notion Wanted,! 19
word or leeia, 15 cents; 16 to 20 words, xu
cents; 21 to 25 words, 25 cents cte. 19 4
dlKount for additional insertions. ,
Matrimonial aad clairvoyant ads, one-time
rate each Insertion.
INDtK ALL OTHER HEADS, except
"New day," aO cents for 15 words or les$
lH to 20 words, 4tf cents; 21 to 2ft words, AU
cents, etc. nrt insertion. Each additional
Insertion, one-hall; no further discount ui
der one pwHith,
Above rat3a -pply to advertising paid In
advance only. Aai jook entries will bo
charged in lines 14c per ine for first in
sertion and 7c per line for each consecutive
insertion. Special rates on contracts given
on application.
"NEW TOliAY," gange measure agate).
14 cents per line, Orst Insertion; ? cents
per line for each additional Insertion.
TELEPHONE ADVERTISEMENTS For
the convenience of patrons The Oregonian
will accept advertisements for publication io
classified columns over the telephone. Bills
for such advertising will be mailed Imme
diately and payment la expected promptly.
Care will be taken to prevent errors but
The Oregonian will not be responsible for
errors in advertisements taken over tho
telephone. Telephone: Main 3 070: A 1670.
ANSWERS iO ADVERTISEMENTS, ad
dressed care The Oregonian. and left at this
office, should always bo inclosed in sealed
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letters.
BUNGALOWS
See Johnson, 204 Mohawk bldg. Flans
and specifications 0f all kinds.
vrfflTiiMaiiiii" lii 1Ti 'sifsl