2
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND. APRIL 26, 190S,
1Q) ITT W
A1MT A
BT DKXTER MARSHALL.
AMON'G the present-day Good Samar
itans to the poor, the tinmen of
three women ntand out strongly
Mm Jane Ad la me, of Hull House, found
er of the first social settlement tn Amer
ica; Mrs. Maud Balllngton Booth, "little
mother" to the released and shunned
"prison bird," and MIbs Eva Booth, for
years her father's mainstay In England
and now the head or the Salvation Army
' In America. Each has a following that
la comparable in numbers only to an
army. Hun House, with it, scores of
clubs and industrial branches. Is the cen
tfj of the higher life to the worst crowd
ed and most cosmopolitan section of
Chicago. To the Volunteer of America
and to the Salvation Army thousands of
the outcasts of the very poor themselves
turn yearly for a friendly word and a
smile and lust the modicum of help
that wlil put them once again on the
road of respectability.
Uood Samaritan work Is no child's play
to this trio. Neither Is it a passing social
whim, or merely employment to fill idle
hours. It Is life work. Bach woman has
dedicated herself to the talk of uplifting
the poor or the great elites, and in this
herculean effort each has gained not only
a wonderful measure of success but na
tional and International fame besides.
Though each woman's line of work Is
peculiar to herself in a measure, it is no
ticeable that all three are possessed of
the power to hypnotise the rich man into
opening wide his pocketbook at charity's
call as delivered by them. They are. per
haps, the best all-around money-gift get
ters among the Good Samaritans of to
day. It would be interesting to know the
sum total of the money they have taken
from millionaires; the uguros would
doubtless chow a fortune of Inre size.
It also would be interesting to see a list
of the moneyed men who from 1'ine to
time have been separated from some of
their wealth by the gentle Insistence of
these three modern Graces of charity.
Though her novels have given her the
greatest publicity, Mrs, Humphrey Ward
is known in England as one of its shin
ing Good Samaritans. She has been a
leading promoter of London playgrounds,
and the success of this movement In be
half of the child has been due In no
smalt part to her efforts. She aiso is
noted among charity workers as one of
the founders of University Hall, a Lon
don settlement established in harmony
with the views set forth by Mis. Ward
In her first great novel "Robert Msmere."
Of course the venerable Florence Night
ingale has been a Good Samaritan to the
poor ever since she founded the Nightin
gale Home for trained nurses with the
JJhO,000 testimonial given her by a grate
ful England for her work of mercy in
the Crimean War. And through her hun
dreds, nay, thousands, of women are
Good Samaritans today in every quarter
of the globe, made so not only by her
training school, but by her example as
well.
Among the men Jacob. Rits. after Gen
eral William Booth, probably is the best
known Uood Samaritan, though Balling-
ton Booth, general-ln-chlef of the Volun
teers of America, aleo is an International
figure. Edward T. Devine, charity expert
and organizer, and general secretary of
the Charity Organisation Society of New
York City, came prominently before the
Nation at the lime of the San Francisco
earthquake, when he was selected by
Secretary Taft to dispense Red Cross aid
to the sulTcrers. Robert W. De Forest,
h president of the Charity Organization
Poclety, founder and first president of the
first philanthropic pawnbrokery, chair
man of the State Commission that
brought about the famous tenement-house
reform In New York City, and first Tenement-House
Commissioner of the metro
polis, has been a Good Samaritan on a
I arte scale for the last SO years. He has
had the satisfaction of seeing many of
his ideas of charity work spread all over
the country. Robert A. Woods, who oc
cupies a position In Boston somewhat
akin to that held by Miss Ad dams in
rhlcago; Robert C. Ogden, of New York,
retired merchant prince, whose specialty
is the education of the Southern poor,
and John H. Converse, locomotive builder
of Philadelphia, who Is devoting a large
part or his great wealth to the religious
education of the poor, are among those
whose fame as Good Samaritans is not
sliKht.
In Jewish circles the world over the be
neficence of the Montefiores is traditional.
For more than 80 years the members of
this famous Knglish family, originally
Ango-Italian. have been engaged prin
cipally In ameliorating the condition of
the Jewish poor wherever found. One of
the monuments to Montefiore philan
thropy in this country is the Montefiore
Home for Chronic Invalids In New York
city, one of the largest institutions of its
kind in America.
The original Good Samaritan Montefiore
was S'r Moses Haylm, who lived to the
green old age of 101. dying In July. 1SS5.
Just si years of his long life he devoted
exclusively to philanthropy, giving away
millions In that time and vastly improving
the conditions of tens of thousands of his
kindred, especially In the Orient, whither
he made numerous trips that he might
personally dispense philanthropy. On
these journeys he was received almost
like a fellow-ruler by the potentates of
the East, so great was their respect for
the English Uood Samaritan and his
works. At home he was created a
baronet by Queen Victoria, and because
he was one of the leaders in the move
ment which resulted In the removal of
civil disabilities of Jews In England ho
was one of the first Jews to be elected to
office in that "right little, tight little
island." English charities founded or
aided by his money are numbered by the
score.
The principal Good Samaritan of the
family today is Claude U. Montefiore.
Since attaining his majority in 1ST9 ha
has devoted his entire time to philan
thropic and educational matters, his
educational work being In furtherance
ef the betterment of the Jew. This
Montefiore has added to his inherited
wealth by marriage into the famous
banking family of Goldsmld. Sir Moses,
born wealthy, married a relative of the
Rothschilds, and before he had retired
from business In 18C4 had added millions
to a fortune secured by inheritance and
alliance,
lesser Montefiores also have married
wealth, and thus through them millions
of money accumulated by not a few of
the leading Jewish banking families of
Kurope are being distributed among the
poor of the Jewish world by the present
' day representatives of a family whose
record In philanthropic service stands
unique in modern times for length and
continuity, being handed down, as It is,
from one generation to another along
with the patrimony.
There have been all sorts of estimates
of the amount of money devoted to
Good Samaritan work by the Montefiores
and thetr connections, some of the
guesses rising to 1160,000,000, or a third
more than the late Baron de Hirsch gave
away during the course of his lifetime.
Rut no one other than the Montefiores
themselves could give an Intelligent esti
mate of the sum total of the family do
nations to charity, so careful have they
been to keep the details of their alms
giving from the public.
The First Lady of Chicago.
Since 1SSD. when she opened the first
social settlement house in'America, Miss
Jane Addnms has been one of the
world's famous Good Samaritans. Hull
House and the numerous industrial, so
cial, economlo and political institutions
that it mothers form a remarkable
monument to the energy of a quiet, me-
THE
JLXl.
WHAT c?AWE AD DAMS-,
nSAIVAOTON AR.MY LEADERS,
AND OTHER.. AMERICANS ARE
DOING TO UPLIFT THE WORluD
W AND OTHER. AMERICANS ARE 8
- mi4 -
J -rtiiiir" '- :::' --
. l;XBMaaTiV'.y'MrMa TiiiSr.SiTff ini TTnSmXmiW i ' i'" n lfrTrffMTWigsts
diam-aixed. earnest woman with gray
eyes who began her grown-up life handi
capped by illness of long standing. In
deed, the entire social settlement move
ment as carried on in this country, may
be said to be a monument to Miss Ad
dams' initiative, for it was only after
she had made a success of Hull House
did kindred wsxk spread here; and it
Is the implied, if not the expressed, aim
of the average American social settle
ment worker to emulate Miss Ad dams
and her work so far as possible. .
Besides being the country's premier in
social settlement efforts. Miss Addams
probably is Us leading exponent of the
Tolstoyan doctrine that "the rich should
get off the backs of the poor."
Miss Addams never has had any
trouble securing needed funds from
the richest men of America. Nor has
she ever made a public appeal for finan
cial support; she does not believe In such
solicitation. Whenever she feels the
need of money for any of her various
enterprises, she makes personal calls on
men and women who, she is led to be
lieve, will give; arid it Is seldom that
she comes away empty handed. Chicago
especially can boast of many wealthy
persons who have as much as told Miss
Addams that their check books are
ready to serve her at her call. It is
upon persons who know what Hull
House has done and is doing for the
wonderful cosmopolitan population
around it that Miss Addams depends for
financial comfort.
But before she had works to back her
words. Miss Addams herself supplied the
money with which to start Hull Bouse
and keep it going during the critical pe
riod of its infancy. Subsequently she de
voted her entire patrimony to Hull
House, depending on her lectures and
writings for her own personal income.
This was one result ofMhe pilgrimage
that she made to Tolstoy's home In 1&.
I am told that one of the most Interest
ing incidents connected with this visit
has received only slight attention In
this country. It occurred after Miss Ad
i dams had touchlngly told the Russian,
philosopher of the great poverty of the
sadly crowded people among whom she
lived and worked. When she had finished
he reached out a brawny hand and
touched the silk sleeve of bis visitor's
fashionable dress.
"And what is this for?" he .queried.
"My people like to see me well
dressed," Miss Addams replied, in effect.
"You should not like to be dressed dif
ferently from them," came back. Tolstoy,
whose fondness for wearing the Russian
peasant costume is well known.
"But." answered Miss AcMama, "I
work among Irish, Italians, Greeks, Ar
menians and many other nationalities. I
could not dress In all their different cos
tumes." Tolstoi smiled. "All the more reason
why you should choose some cheap and
simple dress that any of them could
adopt, and not cut yourself off by your
drees from those you wish to serve."'
It Is perhapa needless to add that Mtes
Addams, up to date, has not adopted the
Tolstolan Idea of dress. But her visit to
Tolstoi did cause her to put some of his
teachings Into practice at Hull House, and
after her return from Yasnaya Foliana
she only was kept from doing manual
labor in the Hull House bakery by the
administrative demands on her time. In
her principal written work. "Democracy
and Social Bthics," published several
years after her talk with Tolstoi, Mias
Addams clearly shows her adherence to
much of his philosophy of life appertain
ing to the relations that should exist be
tween rich and poor.
The demands on Miss Addam's " time
crowd in upon ber with a monotonous
rapidity that would drive the averago per
son, man or woman. Into a state of in
tense irritability, to say the least. But
she remains unruffled through It all, and
so does an enormous day's work. Be
sides giving personal administration to
every branch of Hull House work, se
curing additional funds when needed, and
constantly writing and lecturing on set
tlement work and other civic movements,
she gives personal attention to the wel
fare of the thousands of people who come
to Hull House to be taught the better
way of living.
As a result she is called hither and yon
over her district by people who want her
advice on all sorts of matters. Perhaps
It is a mother troubled about the best
food or medicine for her baby, drooping
from the effects of Summer heat. Perhaps
she has been summoned by a truckman
to confirm or dispute the word of a
veterinarian that the old horse should he
killed. Or it may be that a son has been
acting in wayward fashion of late and
the worried old-world mother wants Miss
Addams to speak with the boy and get
him to mend his ways. To one and all
such requests Miss Addams gives serious
attention, and largely because she enters
sympathetically into even the trivial af
fairs of the people about her she has
been so successful in her work.
Miss Addams is easily the first woman
of Chicago, as well as the country's first
settlement worker. Through her insist
ence Chicago established its public baths
system. She was one of a committee of
five that organized a Chicago civic feder
ation, whicli greatly lessened the evils of
gambling and improved the condition of
the streets. She was on the arbitration
committee of the famous Pullman strike.
No movement looking toward a better
Chicago waits in vain for her support and
her approval of a civic movement Is
pretty apt to insure its ultimate success.
The honor which her alma mater con
ferred upon Miss Addams several years
ago la unique, la the history of education
in this country and abroad. The trustees
of Rockford College, where she graduated
in 1S81. turned over to her the entire col
lege plant for the use and benefit of Hull
House during the Summer months. Here
such poor girls as aspire to secure an
education are instructed by a staff, each
member of which has to pay a weekly fee
for the privilege of teaching and living
at the college during this time.
It was while she was still a student at
Rockford that Miss Addams definitely de
cided to devote her life to the poor. She,
however, at that time did not dream of a
Hull House, or similar work, and the year
following her graduation . she went to
Philadelphia to prepare herself for a med
ical career among the poor. By becoming
a physician she felt that she could do
her work as one of the poor and not as
one above them.
She had been at her professional studies
only a year when her old Illness reas
serted Itself, and for her health's sake
she went abroad in company with Miss
Ellen Gates Starr, co-founder of Hull
House. Carrying with her across the
ocean her interest in the poor of the
great cities, she very naturally heard of
Toynbee Hall. London's first settlement
house, then Just founded, and visited it.
Then and there she was fired with the
ambition which ultimately led to the es
tablishment of Hull House.
For a woman Miss Addams is rather
brief of speech, though she is in no sense
taciturn or short. But, though seldom
Impulsive in speech. In action she is fre
quently ao. One day she noticed that one
her callers, a typical slums woman.
was leaving Hull House protected against
bitter weather by only a thin and
worn covering. Immediately Miss Addams
seized her own fur-lined cape and threw
It over the shoulders of the dazed woman.
Like most of the present-day good
Samaritans. Miss Addams became person
ally acquainted with poverty only through
study of it. She was reared in comfort,
not to say affluence; her family was in
fluential In Its neighborhood, and her
father was for many years a members of
the Illinois Legislature.
The American Booths.
Like Miss Addams, Mrs. Balllngton
Booth was well born her father was a
Churoh of England clergyman and she
too, inherited nice little Income, But in
her case it is tied up in such a way that
she cannot devote the principal to her
charitable work. Otherwise her inherit
ance would have gone long since to build
a Hope Hall, In all probability.
Just aa hull House resulted from a visit
of inspection made by its founder, so Mrs.
Balllngton Booth's prison work is the re
sult of her first visit to and speech de
livered In a state's prison.
This was in California. During the
course of her address she was struck
with pity at the apparent hopeless situ
ation of the men before her. This thought
pursued her all through her talk, and so
when she had finished her set speech she
was moved to ask all those to eome for.
ward who would like to lead better lives
had they a chance to do so. Two hundred
men, among them some of the prison's
most hardened cases, stepped forward.
From this Incident Mrs. Booth became
deeply Interested In convicts generally and
it was not long after this that she was
paying regular visits to Sing Sing and
talking to and pleading with the Inmates.
Nor was It very long before the convicts
there began to call her "little mother,"
the designation by which she Is known to
thousands of wrongdoers who have been
helped by her while in prison and when
Just out of It In one of the famous Hope
Halls which she has established tor the
especial benefit of the released convict.
Thia prison work Is distinctive of the
Volunteers of America, whose other lines
of work are similar to those of the Salva
tion Army. Mrs. Booth has personal
charge of the prison work, and she her
self sees that It is financed from the
pocketbooks of the rich.
Mrs. Booth and her husband were the
first commanders of the Salvation Army
In this country, being sent here In VX
by General Booth, seven years after the
first army lassies had come to this coun
try in the steerage. These seven enthusi
asts held ths first army meeting In
America In Castle Garden Immediately
following their landing, and for a good,
many years thereafter they and their ad
herents were subjected to a mountain oC
ridicule and insults. The trouble between
General Booth and the Balllngton Booths
Is too well known to bo more than re
ferred to here. Suffice It to say that as
head of the Volunteers the son of the
General has grown steadily In national
importance since l&fti, the year he founded
his own army.
Miss Eva Booth, present bead of the
Salvation Army In this country, unmis
takably shows many of the remarkable
facial lines of her father. Like him she Is
gifted with file power to move men and
women mightily with her speeeh. Though
rather frail physically, she has his In
domitable spirit; like him she commands
intense loyalty among the rank and fljs
of the army, and again like him she is a
master of administrative detail.
Her whole life this side of her early
childhood has been spent in active army
service. As a mere child she worked in
the worst slums of London and in the
coal fields. Though she dally was sub
jected to insult and often threatened with
physical violence, she never once shrank
from what she conceived to be her duty.
In one locality, where the slums people
were particularly nasty and the police
were Insolently negligent In protecting the
lassies. Miss Booth announced to the
crowd that she would be her own police
man. At first they guffawed at the idea
of a slip of a girl protecting herself and
those about her, but her "nerve" appealed
to them, and when she was transferred
from this particular station she left be
hind her an appreciate degree of order.
Miss Booth was a schoolgirl when she
first sold the War Cry on London's
Btreets. Her first open-air speech was de
livered from a chair, so small was she
at the time. Step by step she has worked
up the Salvation Army ladder, until today
she holds the second most important dl
visional post In the organization.
Good Samaritan From tho Slums.
Among all the Good Samaritans here
mentioned Jacob Rlls has the distinction
of having actually lived the life of the
slums, not from choice but or necessity.
He has told better than any one else
could of his coming to America and the)
heartbreaking experiences that befell him
before he could find himself in the land
of new hope. And when he did find him
self he had ever with him the desire
some day to annihilate the conditions
which had oppressed him and were en
slaving their tens of thousands in New
York City.
Because of this ambition he has con-
(Coacluded on Face U.)