THE SUNDAY OREWOMAX, TOKTLAM). APRIL 12. 10O8.
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' MEN AND MACHINERY TURNING- , lMr-Jl ; U:ir ": 'ti ?$s " " .
OUT MI1LIONS FOR. NEXT WEEKJS- M ff . Mriv J MUi
AMERICAN SUPPLY CM U T' - Yv -
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jWTTitre izrzzs on-the arshmallow chicks JfcSyS' 1 I W- " 51 ' 'yi'' Vfh H
fpc that i fiwfrt nil th
our.
Thnt nrvfr can inM!1. that nf'T ci "pcil,
I'hut roiin l our hamln nit rf'l' fnr sr.
I hat n-Tilrth n. poRi-hlnK, that inlfth
no boll.
SO. miys fMiio oM-timo ,iinglf'-nTipor,
Hti world of folk, little mt big. re
ffpfiinlo'l, "Aye. nyf."
It 's trup that In Fluflin oti Master Mon
day lo tj Mt III Rivo to tholr Tiilstrfw tf1,
rlH t ives to rai'h other, and servants to
'hrMr ma f tors, ordinary cck- pa ily rp:v
nonttl; and the moanist pauper in the
!ii e l , pt '.trni fit k surh an ejip with the
A on is '( 'hristns VfK'erewf' ((.'hrLt is
rt.scn t, may d'-iimnd a salute evoti from
the i 'farina. And for days afterward the
(eotlo may hi p.-en carrying around in
their haiKLs these Kaster tokens, as the
Hst.im haa hren lonpcr than anyone
K now f.
In F!pland the hen's tag is a.s saerd
t. KisttMr as tii" hot eross htm is to Good
l-'riday. while (Jerman ehildren want noth
hip l;tler tiian the deeorated epiis they
ar. tarpht ti believe rahhitit lay for
t item. Not so yotmir America. This
oimpsti'r. with Ids Inborn I hirst for nov
lty anti fiuncer for wt-ets, no 1oiikt
timls hitsti-r eomplrto without the cpi;
thai never an addle and never ean upoil,
t'ifii need. Mb no ptaehinK and needeth no
bof
Thi,s i? the' era of tin eandy Kaster
How the Criminals Outwit the Detectives
pVy ANY of the mistakes of detectives i
1 I are those of mistaken identity. I
B Some time ago a man belonging j
to one of the best-known and wealthiest i
families in the country was rsreatly sur- I
prir-ed and more Indignant when he was
arrested by a detective who thought he !
hnd captured a criminal w ho recently
had escaped from prison. Profuse ex
planations on the part of the captured
man. says the Chicago Tribune, were fol
lowed by equally profuse apologies oti
the -part of the detective, so that the in
cident closed without iil will on either
Side.
A mistake with a more tragic result oc
curred In Kngland in 1S79. The mistake
arose In connection wrth the famous K3
line'iam buiglary. when two men were
hroucM before the Newcastle assizes
chu reed with the robbing of t:ie vicarage.
It uppers that when the vicar inter-rupti-d
his unweloome visitors they shot
at him, so that the charge of attempted
murder was added to that of burglary.
The two men. Krannaghan and Murphy,
who w ere charc.-d with the crime, were
convM ted and s.-rteroM to life imprison
ni"tit. as the evidence seemed to be con
vmcmp beyond the shadow of a doubt.
Th y served s ven years of their term.
Then two orh-r men confessed that they
Hl,-ne were tei!!y of the robbery.
Suterintendent Butcher, one of the most
nst'j'.e detective Scotland Ynrd ever prv--(.-ss-d.
was sent diwn to investigate the
mvstery. The chief of the local police,
who had been in charge of the investiga
tion at the time of the robbery, had
died mean w Iii le. but some of the subor
dinates who had assisted him were placed
on trat. it bone allesed that they had
concocted evidence willfully, upon which
e i ience t he t w o men w-re convicted.
After a loTig trial the jury found them
in no -it of willfully manufacturing evi
dence, but the j.idge. In eummtns up.
pointed out that there had been grievous
mistakes in judgment on the part of the
pWiee.
ie Tourville. one of the most terrible
of t'ie European criminals, escaped pun
ishment for a long time because of the
mistake of a detective. The deat h of a
woman at Scarborough, by what Pe Tour
vile declared was the accidental dis
ehaige of a revolver, was Investigated
by a detective from Ixmdon. but so frank
nnd open appeared the cond'ict of the
great criminal, and o flourishing was
ai'ut:aranc ttui the oCicer was misled
ecir. and not only of the randy ec:. but
the ear.dy everything that -as any con
nection with lOastf r. Po 1m the candy
fiiNhlon spnad tliat today Eaater is a
rlose second to Chris' iiihs in tiie eonsnnip
tion of swet, and a hundred million
pounls is a modest estimate of the
amount manufactured In the I'nited
States for the Ka.ster trade.
Kor days and weeks and months ever
sit. re. Chrustnias armies of men and wo
men atid children have been busy pet tin?
ready for this preat candy feast day.
I'ffus, 1,iid by Machinery.
Two million rsps a day is an averap
lay for one hip New York factory nlone.
and with a dozen more factories there
and hundreds throughout the country, tiie
number of millions grows to bip as to lo.w
all meaning.
f thes reps there is an endless variety.
There are those that t lie jinfele-monper
refers to in another stanza as "solid and
st roup as a rock, you can suck it atid
stick U and leave not a trace"; there are
others of the tinest French cream; there
ate those too little for the tiniest of htim
minp birds to lay. and others too big for
the hicpest ostrich.
Most of the millions are laid by ma
chinery. In preat copper nests that po
round and round, while men with ladels
pour in a syrup that hardens gradually
and evenly npun whatever has been put
and reported that he was convinced that
the affair was an accident.
When, a few years later, the death of
the wife of De Tourville was bcirsfr in
vestigatedhe murdered her by hurling
her over a precipice in the Alps the. body
of the woman who had died at Scarbor
ough were exhumed and examined. It was
found that, far from killing herself by
accident, she had been murdered by some
one who had shot her in the back, so that
n sbght examination would have estab
lished the fact. The mistake of the de
tective at the time of the Scarborough
crime had terrible results, for in the tf t-e
TV Tourville was allowed to go free he
committed two more murders.
Sherlock Holmes constantly insisted
that nothing in a room where a crime
had been committed should be touched,
and this appears to be a pood rule, judg
ing from a mistake made by an intelli
gent police officer in Ireland. This
policeman was placed in charge of a
room In which a murder had been com
mitted to see that nothinp was disturbed
until his superior officers arrived. Tie
found the time passed slowly amid such
melancholy surroundings and proceeded
to console himself with a pip. He lit a
candle which he found on the mantel
piece, and finding a crumpled up piece
of paper on the floor he used that for
lighting his pipe.
As he was afraid that his superiors
would object to his smoking while on
duty, ho opened the window in order to
let ut the smell of the tobacco and in
order to see them when they approached,
so that he could put his pipe out in time,
it was discovered later that in indiilginp
In the innocent pleasure of a pipe of
"tohaccy" he destroyed three of the most
important clues.
The length of the candle which he had
lighted would have ihd!cated the time
when the murder had been committed,
the paper with which he had lighted his
pipe, judging from the charred remains,
had been left there by the murderer him
self, and the policeman had forgotten
whether he had found the window locked
or unlocked when he opened It to let out
the smell of smoke. Furthermore, the
keen-nosed detective who was put on the
case smelled the odor of the tobacco
smoke, and not knowing whence It orig
inated, spent a lot of valuable time In
tracing it down.
The fear that they are wasting time
over trifles or are being made the victims
of jokes often leads the police to err
on the other side.
Some years ago one of the most cruel j
in as a center or nucleus. Perhaps th
center is a little oval of yellow cream
candv. or of jelly-bean ntuff, it makes
no difference what, so long as it is the j
shape of n egg; for with all tiie revolving
of tiie copper pans and all the pouring in
of syrup, the shape never changes, and
when I hey are -done, they are all not only
the same shape, but the an me. sifce.
Flecaitse they are made by machinery,
the most of the millions of Raster eggs
are cheap, and the small boy can buy
them lonp after Kaster out of glass cans
In the grocery stores at a penny a piece,
or live for a penny perhaps. Rut for
every million of these, the are PO.OOO
wonder ftd hand-ma fie prrs. and here Is
where the real art of making Kaster eggs
comes in.
lhtndniHdo Kffgs.
The making of the egg Itself is easy
enough to the candy-maker; but there
are only a few skilled workmen who can
put on the finishing touches, the wreaths
of flowers, birds and rabbits and words
of preetinp. that stand out In relief as If
carved upon the surface of the ep.
Years and years of parctice have given
these workmen, who are mostly Italians
In the big factories, the knack of doing
murderers ever known almost escaped
because two policemen refused to investi
gate charges of whose truth they were
In doubt. A man running along behind a
cab came up to two policemen and gasped
(mt that a murderer was riding in the
cab with the remains of his victim.
Out of breath from his exertion and
too excited for a connected story, the
police officers were inclined to think the
man either razy or drunk, and there
fore turned a deaf ear to his allegations.
If the pursuer had not persisted In fol
lowing the cab and had not met later on
a less sceptical officer the remains of the
murdered person might have been placed
in a safe hiding place and the murderer
have gone undiscovered.
Detectives may arrest the wrong person
sometimes, but more often they allow a
criminal to go free for fear of holding an
innocent man.
Charlie Peace, the noted English crim
inal, used to laugh over the number of
times he had passed a watchful policeman
with a cheery "Good night" without
arousing his suspicion. Charlie's frock
coat and silk hat and his apparent knowl
ee of the neighborhood lulled to rest
any suspicion that the 'officer might have
at seeing him out at such a strange hour.
One Summer afternoon an exceptionally
well-dressed stranger was seen to enter
the front gate of a house in a wealthy
neighborhood. He walked to the door and
tried to open it with a key. As he could
not do so he went around to a window,
and pushing it open, climbed in through
it. It was a suspicious proceeding, but as
the man was dressed in the heigiit of
fashion the officer on the beat thought
that it was the owner of the house, who.
having forgotten his key, had used the
window as his means of entrance. How
ever, the officer thought it best to watch
the place for a while to see if anything
out of the way might occur.
A short time later, emerging from the
front door, the stranger stopped as if
some one had spoken to him from within,
and, saying: "Yes. Bess, I have my key
this time." he lifted his hat and walked
slowly away. Some hours later when the
real owner of the house returned the po
liceman learned that his first stifrpicions
hati been correct, for the well-dressed
stranger had walked off with the jewelry
and everything of value that he could
lay his kid-gloved hands upon.
Although the detectives of Paris are
known the world over for their excellent
work, the French officials of the smaller
cities sometimes make ludicrous mistakes.
The police in a small seaport town of
France were aroused to action a short
i hi a- - -v y ? fi
IS t if v - jf 1 i
this thing that looks so simple nnd is so
Intricate tor any but the cleveiv-st lingers.
Instead of a chisel this Master gg
sculptor - hag a little paper funnel filled
with icing, white or colored as he chouses.
It is thin enough to take any form he
pleases, and thick enough to stay that
way. With no of her pattern than tic?
one stamped on his brain, t he a rllst
works: and out of t he magic f mi net.
which he presses gently with h's thumb,
come Ka.ster lilies, roses, chicks in a.
nest, rabbits draw-in p baskets of flow
ers whatever he wills. Ho cn n dupli
cate a design as exactly as if he were a
machine, and often must, for every epp
time ago by a communication from head
quarters, A batch of six photographs was
Inclosed in the communication, with in
structions that the original of them was
hiding- in their locality and was urgently
wanted. Of course, all of the. six pictures
were those of one man taken from dif
ferent points of view.' according to the
Farts system.
The Paris authorities were astonished a
few days later on receiving notice from
I the zealous officers of the little town that
they had succeeded in landing five of the
men and were sure to capture the sixth
desperate criminal within a few hours.
Within the Law. .
Chicago Record-Herald.
"See here!" said the indignant citizen,
"when I passed this corner you were so
liciting alms because you were blind. Now
you are asking help because your legs
aro paralyzed."
"Well." replied the mendicant, looking
up. with an injured expression, "there
ain't any law in this country to prevent
a man from changing his occupation, is
there?'
Whine. Whine, Whine
Kansas City Star.
If ynu're trying te makf i.eep!e do the way
ynu think they oupht.
Irrespective of their wishes or their
riehts;
If In striving to annoy folks with a lot of
useless law
You are beaten in a lively net of fights;
If the pyhlic step upon you. and slaps
sharply on your face.
And ynur sneaking bigot methods fail to
win a single case.
Do you take your thorough whipping- with
real dignity and grace
No you whine, whine, whine!
It's a rape of whining, whining: it's a ease
of bawl and yowl;
It's a ease of snivel, snuffle. It's a case of
yap and growl;
WIit the people stand acainst you, do you
gamely frtll in line ?
No yen talk abnin "the law says this." and
whine, whine, whine!
When you try to get petitions, with a swarm
of fignat ures.
Ann" the people jr your Idiotic game;
When -he populace, in legions, say you have
no right to live.
And announce that Lemon is your proper
name.
Do you bow to public judgment, shown and
verified by test?
Do you ccae to he a nuisance and a
wretched, tiresome pest?
Do ynu stop your use!fs nagging do you
give your face a ret ?
No you whine, whine, whine!
It's a rase of whining, whining: it's a case
of wall and mean:
It's a -ra.se of ba.by-crying. In a sickening
monotone:
And. though beaten, thrashed and sneered
at. Kasy Mark all down the line.
Still you talk.- and talk and blubber and
you w hints- whine, whine! ,
TVTIEJRS 2T03T OF THEJ HZL2Lro2f5 02? ' JE7A.STEIL
he makes ts to fill a certain order bought
from samples. (
The Artistic Sort.
Nor is ecn this tiie height of Kaster
eeg art, which Ik reached in the making
of the big shcILs of crystallized sugar
with a peephole that gives a glimpse into
fairy bowers where men and maidens
have nothing to do but enjoy the r-n-bnssed
landscape. When the artist turns
out a hundred or two of those other
CPKS in an hour, he can only make one
of these, and that a small one. in an
hour; and the largest of ihem takes him
three. The child who gets such an egg
As Votes Were Cast in A ncient Greece
WITH everybody's interest aroused
in the great political questions of
the day and the various candi
dates for I he Presidency, It may be of
Interest to know at Hi is time that the
institution of voting and balloting for
' candidates for public offices and for
other purposes concerning the welfare of
the people is by no means a custom of
modern, times, but dates back as far as
the classical ages.
In ancient -Greece the people had a way
of ostracising, or "shelling," a trouble
some man out of the city.
When two rival politicians had become
so violently opposed to each other that
their feud threatened the public peace or
rendered tiie passage of good measures
too difficult, the voters were called upon
to decide which of the two should leave
the city. Every citizen who chose to
vote put into a large metallic urn a small
shell upon which he had written the
name of the man whose banishment he
preferred.
If 4000 votes In all were cast, but not
otherwise, the shells were examined. The
man who had received the most votes
was condemned to ten years of honorable
exile.
The historian Grote was of the opmion
that this method often resulted advan
tageously, and saved Athens from civil
wars.
In some, ancient Mediterranean states
there was a variation upon the vote by
shells. The voter wrote the name of his
candidate upon an olive leaf. This was
called petal ism. or leaf voting, just as
the shell method was ca lied ostracism,
from a Greek word signifying a little
shell.
The great jury, hundreds in number,
which condemned Socrates to drink the
hemlock, voted in another way. Those
who desired his death cast into a brass
box a little bail of metal or stone, which
was either black in color or pierced
through the middle. -
Those who voted for his acquittal threw
into the same box a white ball, or one
not pierced. There was a small majority
of black balls, and thus be was doomed
to die.
At the present time, in club elections,
the same simple method is often used. A
defeated candidate is referred to as hav
ing been "blackballed.' This way of vot
ing was probably one of the earliest aU
tenrpts to secure secrecy.
The Romans had some interesting modes
of voting. When a law was submitted
to the people to ratify or reject, each
citizen received two small, square, smooth
pieces of wood, called tabellae. or tablets-
as this on Kaster morn I up is lucky, for
it costs Jlrt to buy the best (tf them.
I I he shells are cast in a mould in halves.
i and in the lower halves the trees and
flowers and figures are placed like a
miniature staKe setting, cacti with due
regard for perspective. Then the upper
half is hound on with a gold hand; and
on the top i.s placed a hunch of flowers
candy flowers, of eoure, but as perfect
as any that ever crew in a garden.
And here is another task for the candy
artist. Them are flays when he does
not h hip but work in a candy garden,
bringing info bloom a gorgeous array of
blossoms, tha t grow under his lingers
On one of these was written the letter
A. which stood for "aiitiquo." J reject.
On the other were two letters, V. R.,
which stood for "I'ti Rogas." part of
th'e Latin sentence, "Bgo banc leem uti
rogas jubendam censeo." "I think that
this law should be rat ified is yon pro
pose"; r. in other words, "let it pass."
One of these tablets the voter put into
a large bronze urn provided for the pur
pose which he could do secretly if he
wished. The question was decided by a
majority the votes.
In similar manner the Judges In a court
of Justice pave their decisions, after
hearing the testimony. To each Judge?
were given three tablets, one marked A.
which meant absoivo, I acquit; another
was marked C, which meant condemno, I
condemn; the third was marked N. T..
standing for non liquet, that is. it does
not appear, meaning. I am in doubt.
With these tablets the Judges voted.
When the votes were all in. if there was
a plurality of absolvos, the accused was
set free. If the condernnos prevailed, he
was condemned. If the non liquets had
It. it was about equivalent to a disagree
ment of the jury.
The object of all these simple expedi
ents was to pive the voter perfect free
dom by making his vote secret. Rut at
an early period unscrupulous politicians
found means both to intimidate and bribe
'ht: voters. Long ago as the trial of
Socrates. B. (7. voters were bribed in
what the Greeks styled dekads, or tens.
Greek students turning to the die t ion -nries
will find. In composition with the
work deka. Which means ten, a number
of verbs, nouns ami adjectives which tell
a melancholy story of Grecian politics;
for they indicate that bribing voters ten
In a lump was quite familiar to the
Athenians.
It is to be feared that corrupt votinp
Is almost as ancient a practice as voting
Itself. This may be inferred from a con
siderable number of ancient methods for
preventing fraud.
In some countries of Southern Kurupe,
instead of votffip by shells, leaves or
tablets, which could be concealed about
the person in great numbers, and put
into the urn surreptitiously, the voters
were required to use wands or rods five
or six feo4 long. These were deposited
in a long box through a small slit in the
lid.
As no man could conceal a stick six
feet long, the voters were prevented
from casting- more than one vote.
Even at the present day the people of
urdece vote with black baits and wiiite
petal hv petal ns fast as the eyft can
follow the end of the ma pic funnel.
Howls of Icing stand at his elbow, tinted
In rfso shades and the hues of violet and
Jonquil and every other flower of Spring
For each there is a separate funnel, and
before him stand rows and rows of little
metal buttons fastened to a board with
lone; pins. If it is to' be ross. he Alls
t he funnel from the rose-tinted bowl,
nrtd ten minutes later every button has
perched upon it a tiny full-blown rose.
Work in ir on Novelties.
1ut with all the variety of egps. theri
Is an rvcr-fiMTcjLsing demand for other
novelties; and all day long; the modeler
sits at bis table, workinp in wax and
plaster, coaxing from them new designs.
Kvery season must have something dif
ferent from the last, and the walls of
the modeler's room, covered with tiny
plaster easts, attest the fertility of hia
mind. A tlm;s lie wtrays far from
Nature, and at no time farther than st
Kaster. for no real chickens and rabbit
do many things this model-maker has
them doing. Hares on their hind legs
playiiiR iiddles. chickens harnessed to
egg-shell chariots, and a score of Ciiieer
conceit have come in answer to the
never-ending cry for soniet hing nejv.
Apain, there arc times when these can
dy thlnps come very near to Nature, and
never more jso than in one of this sea
son'ft novelties, a little inn reli mallow
chick rolled In yellow supar that is Just
the color of a wee chick's first fluff. Kven
when yon take it in the hand, the illu
sion remains because Jt is so soft and
downy.
This, novelty Is hand-made, from the
t!rne the marshmallow srfnff leaves the
rooking kettle till its little bead eyes ar
dropped on with a funnel and its bill
tippe! with color from a brush.
It is one of the most surprising things
about the making of candy, to find how
much of it is done by hand. Kven the
candy novelties that sell at five cents and
a penny pass from band to hand for
decoration after they come from the ma
chine where they are moulded into shape;
but with the system found in the fac
tories, where each person floes only one
thing, tiie candy figures pass along in
t rays like regimen ts of soldiers, each
worker adding a picture, a dab of paint,
another little candy part, and all so rap
idly that tby keep up with the machine.?
that have the first part to do.
Work as fst as they,- ma v. it takes
these me i. women and machines three
months to make enough candy for Easter
Day.
balls, as their forefathers did, although
with special precautions against bribery
ami fraud. The duty of voting is In
vested with solemnity by opening the
polls in the church ami on Sunday.
Knterinp the editiee, the voter sees be
fore the altar as many boxes as t her is
are candidates to he voted for. each box
being divided into two compartments,
one painted black and the other- white.
A clerk comes to him with a wooden
bowl' full of bullets, from which the
voter is given as many bullets as there
are candidates.
To conceal from the bystander how he.
votes, the elector thrusts his hand down
a long funnel and drops one bullet into
each box. If he wishes to vote "Yes."
he puts Ids bullet into the white half of
the box. If "No," he puts it into the
black half. t ,
In order to protect the freedom of tho
papal elections, and to put an end to th'i
scandalous disorder which, f tequen t ly
accompanies them. Pope Nicholas II de
creed, in If ifi!, in f ut ure the election of
the Roman pontiff and the administra
tion of his see. during" the vacancy,
should be the exclusive right of the car-,
dlnals of the Roman church. In 1179.
Pope Alexander III solemnly confirmed
t he decree of Nicholas, which prescribed
that a two-thirds vote should be neces
sary to a valid choice.
Meanwhile no statute existed compel
ling the cardinals to seclusion while they
performed their duty as electors. Hon
onus II! was elected two days after the)
death of his predecessor, in consequence
of the strict seclusion to which tiie cardi
nals then suhmitted. Gregory X was
chosen only after a vacancy of two years
and nine months, because the electors
were not shut up.
These, two extreme cases induced Greg
ory X. In 1274, during the council at
Lyons. to decree a strict seclusion
thenceforward. Pope Gregory XV de
t reed that the cardinals in conclave
Should vote by secret ballot.
The pa per ballot in this count ry was
first used in IM2. to get out of office Gov
ernor John Win thro p, who had become
unpopular. The party opposed to Win
tbrop were confident of a majority if thft
people could vote without fear.
To this end the freemen of the colony
wre required to vote with paper ballots.
The voters were required to come In at
one door with their votes ready writ
ten, lay them down on a table before
the court, and then pass out of the build
ing by another door.. Absentees could
send their votes by proxy, and blank
votes were counted aa negatives-