9
TAX ON BACHELORS
J During 190 no fewer than 676 divorced
persons were remarried, a notable in
crease oh preceding years. Of these per
sons 351 were men and 325 were women.
Another interesting fact to be drawn
from the return is the decrease of the
proportion of d.aths from consumption.
It Is unfortunately, more than counter
Booth Would Induce Men to
Marry.
balanced by the , alarming increase in
mortality due to cancer, amounting to 82
per million increase on the preceding
year. The report notes that this one
distase continues to defy medical re
search and to increase its inroads upon
suffering humanity.
All the figures given for 1906 are based
upon an estimated population in England
and Wales of 31.547.016, the total popula
tion of the United Kingdom in the middle
ef the yiar being estimated at 43,6G1,W2-
TONE CO
DECLINE IN BIRTH .RATE
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, FEBRUARY 23, 1908.
PRESSED
MPANY
Leader of SalvalHjn Army liases His
Statements on Recent Figures
tfljut Tend to Show the Eng
lish Shirk Marriage.
LONDON. Feb. 15. "All bachelors
should, in my judgment, be taxed, if not
absolutely compelled to murry. Men who
are unable to select a wife for them
selves should appiy to the Salvation
Army." ,
General Booth, the founder and com
mander of the army, is moved to say this
by the declining birthrate, which, accord
ing to figures just given out for I!i6,
was the lowest since civil registration
was established in Kngland and Wales.
n4 the tendency to shirk marriage. Of
the cause. General Booth says:
Selfishness the Cause.
The root or the difficulty Ilea undoubted
ly in the selfishness of the aite. for which
there la only one remedy, namely, the love
H'iti aervlce of God and the recognition of
his claimH. Among the contributory causes
I vould name the ohontlnahle housing con
ditions in. many of the large cities, and, in
deed many of the villages, and the Insen
Fute attempt to employ women, especially
married women, to do men's work.
The annual report for 1906 of the registrar-general
of births, marriages and
deaths in Kngland and Wales, has just
been issued in the form of a blue book.
The birthrate was 27.1 in 1000, the lowest
rate recorded since civil registration was
established. The total number of births
registered during the year was 935.0S1.
In 1S76 the birthrate was 36.3 in 1000,
and since then has steadily fallen to its
present rate, which is 1.6 in 11W0 lower
than the average of the preceding ten
years.
Death Kate Also Lower.
The deathrato during the same year
was 15.4 in 1000, or 1.4 lower than the
avurage for the preceding ten years. The
total number of deaths was 531.2S1.
Among the deaths for 1U06 it Is interest
ing to note that there were 65 of reputed
i rntenarians, 16 o whom were men and
49 women.
Only 1.53 per cent of the deaths were
uncertified.
It is a significant fact that the pro
portion of bachelors, both men and wo
men, is increasing, while the proportion
of widowed persons, on the other hatid,
is steadily decreasing. Mr. Weller ap
pears to have uttered his famous advice
in vain.
People do not marry so young nowa
days. Ten years ago 59 bridegrooms out
of every 1000, and 1SS out of every 1000
brides were under the age of 21. The
1906 returns show 47 bridegrooms and 155
brides out of every 1000 to be minors.
The average age of those marrying,
however, was not very high, being 28.45
years in 'the case of men (29.13 in Lon
don), and 26,37 in the case of women.
Age That Widows Itemarry.
Most widows are remarried between the
ages oS3 and 40; most widowers between
40 and 45.. One widow out of every 1w0
mat remarries is unoer me age oi 21. g
Out of every 100 marriages that take
place, si are solemnized in church and
19 in registrars" offices. The number of
registry marriages is rapidly increasing.
Delicious Dishes
Hamburger Steak When Properly
the Appetite of
tlV LILIAN TINGLE.
IN the early days of my housekeeping
I asked an experienced old lady
what she considered tiie most econ
omical "joint" of meat to buy, and she
promptly answered, "Hamburger stead."'
And then she laughed until the tears
came because 1 asked which cut of
steak that was, for the name was new
to me, and I knew the material only
under the general title of ''minced
beef." Unfortunately ' "Hamburger,"
like sausage and bread jiudding, has
earned, in the hands of some makers,
a very undesirable reputation, and has
been the subject of many jokes. But if
made of sound and clean material, and
if fresh and free from preserve tives, it
la a boon to frugal housekeepers.
It is most satisfactory, of course, to
sen the- meal fresh minced, before your
eyes, in a machine of undoubted clean
liness; though the seeing is not always
absolutely necessary if you are deal
ing: with a clean, reliubU', conscien
tious butcher. Or the meat can be
ininied at home, for every economical
,liousckccpcr knows the value of the
foodchoppcr in dealing with tho less
lender ami easily carved pieces of
muscle, either cooked or uncooked. The
finely chopped moat is much more
easily digested than a leathery fried
steak, and. with a little knowledge and
skill, many attractive and wholesome
dishes can be made from it at a very
low cost. Hi re are a few simple sug
gestions as to what can be done with
"Hamburger":
For most purposes it is better to pass
the mt-at a second time through the
chopper, especially if it is to be used
for meat balls, "Vaniu-lous."' .te. The
meat for high-class dishes of this type
is usually very finely divided by pound
. ing, working through a sieve, etc., but
for ordinary domestic purposes, such
methods are too extravagantly labor
ions. For ordinary broiling, "Scotch
collops" and stews, one chopping will
satisfy most people. In broiling "Ham
burger," remember that, each "steak"
should be well shaped and of uniform
thickness not thick In tho mid
dle and tapering off at the edges, and
that a little onion juice, pepper and salt
may be used in the shaping. Mole
over, as with porterhouse, a little pat
of "Haitre d'hotel butter" that U
......in tvoriteu up wnn a jittie lemon
juice and finely ciiopped parsley, is an
admirable addition on serving
In a little town in Scotland, where a
congregation wat discussing the min
ister's marriage to an attractive and pre
sumably undomestlcated member of his
flock, I once hoard the case summed up
as follows: "Ay, she"s bornie and weel
put on (well dresseii) but, guld sakes. a'n
does na" even know how to cook collops!
She's r.a sort o' wife for a meenister!"
Even though you may not be a minister's
wife, the knowledge of "how to cook
collops" may be useful on occasion.
The method is simplicity Itself. You
put a spoonful of fat In a deep pan and
add an onion, whole or ciiopped as pre
ferred. Then put In somo minced beef,
and with a wooden spoon pound and di
vide it. letting some of It brown slightly
but preventing the formation of lumps.
In Scotland, the wooden potato masher
is often used for this purpose. Add pep
per and salt and a spoonful or so of flour
to prevent it from being thin and irreasv
Browned flour is desirable but not es- I
tcutial. Then add cold water enough to I
ELIAS COX, PIONEER 1846
He Spent 39 Years on Donation
Claim Xear Silverton.
CAMBRIDGE, Idaho, Feb. 22. (Spe
cial.) Elias Cos, Oregon pioneer of 1&6,
who died at the home of his son, Irvin E.
Cox. of this city, February 15. was born
! in Bartholomew County, Indiana, March
5, 1S23. in the Spring of 1S35 he moved,
with his parents, to Illinois, and in ion)
to Jamestown, Mo. November 23. 1S43, he
was married to Jemima Griffin. With his
wife and parents, Mr. Cox started across
the plains for Oregon in the Spring of
1S46. His wife died en route. In October
of the same year the party reached
Marlon County. Oregon. November 23,
1S51, Mr. Cox was married to Lucia
Tucker. To this union 11 children were
born.
For 50 years Mr. Cox preached the gos
pel ol the Christian religion. The gold
excitement of 164S took him to California.
He returned, however, the same year.
Mr. Cox was among the first Oregon set
tlers to take advantage of the donation
land claim privileges, and for 39 years
.he resided on his claim of 640 acres near
Silverton, Or. The health of his wife
failing, he sold' his claim and moved to
May View, Wash., where, with the help
of five sons, he farmed for several years.
His own health becoming poor, he sold
his farm and went back to Oregon, set
tling near Mehama, on the Santiam River
where he took up a homestead and lived
21 years.
Three years prior to his death Mr. Cox'
eyesight gradually failed and lie finauy
became totally blind. July 27, 1907, he
moved to the home of his son, Irvin E.
Cox, in this city, where he died Febru
ary 15 of this year, aged S4 years, 11
months and 10 days. A wife and rive
children survive him. The children are:
Samuel T. and Irvin E. Cox. of Cam
bridge, Idaho; Mrs. Mary E. Rasmus, of
Heppner. Or.; Mrs. Iva E. Dillon, of Mos
cow, Idaho, and Mrs. Effle L. Adams, of
Council, Idaho.
KAISER SENDS FLOWERS
In Token or Esteem for Work of
Florence Nightingale.
LONDON, Feb. 15. During the Kaiser's
visit to England In November his majesty
sent a present of flowers to Miss Florence
Nightingale. It was accompanied by a
letter signed by the German Ambassador
the contents of which are just made
public.
"His majesty," runs the letter, "having
brought to a close a most enjoyable stay
In the beautiful neighborhood of your old
home near Romsey, has commanded me
to present you with some flowers as" a
token of his esteem for the lady who,
after receiving her education in nursing
by tho Sisters of Marcy at Kaiserworth,
on the Rhine, rendered such invaluable
services to the cause of humanity during
the Crimean war."
Owing to her failing health and cye
piijht. Miss Nightingale was unablo to
reply personally, buu a letter written on
her behalf expressed her great apprecia
tion of the beautiful flowers and how
much she valued the Emperor's "gracious
expressions of esteem and good wishes."
of Chopped Meats
Prepared Can Be Cooked to Tempt
the Most Exacting.
make a sort of meat mUsh or porridge.
Bring to the boll, cook a few minutes,
taste arid give Anal seasoning: and your
"collops" are ready. Some authorities,
however, favor long, slow cooking, to
make the meat more tender and full
flavored. This can easily be done in the
hay box or over the simmerer of the gas
range. For serving, make a ring of
mashed potatoes with a wall about three
Inches high, and pour, the hot mines' in
the .center, garnished with a touch of
green if you have it. If you like you can
brush the potato with melted drippings
or butter and bnown the surface in the
oven.
In Scotland this mince is often served
In a rather deep dish and garnished with
toast points. Rice, macaroni, vegetables
puree of "jardiniere" vegetables could
also be used. A rather attractive dish
is made by adding a good tomato sauee
to boiled rjee. moulding it with the feid
of the useful ."ring mould" and tilling the
center with mince. The mince can be
vuricd as to. seasoning or by using
chopped vegetables and cooking all to
gether in tiie hay box.
You can make a simple curry with Ham
burger as follows: Chop one onion and
brown it in two or three spoonfuls of
dripping bacon fat, oil, or butter. Add
one sour apple also chopped; then, say,
two lumps of meat, which may be in lit
tlo balls the size of a large marble or
tlnely divided as for "collops." When the
meat turns color, add two tablespoons
of flour and from one to fourlcvel table
spoons of curry powder according to the
kind of powder used and how hot you like
things seasoned. Then water,- to make
a thick mush. Cook until both meat and
onion are tender, add salt and a dash
of sugar, and a little lemon juice if the
apple was not very tart. Shredded al
monds, or cocoanut. or a few raisins are
liked by most people as an addition to
such a curry, but are. not essential. Well
boiled rice is essential, however. You
may serve it in a ring, as already de
scribed, or lino cups with hot rice, put in
a portion of curry, cover with rice, and
invert on individual plates.
- A Spanish stow Is rather nice, made in
a similar way. but with chopped green
peppers and tomatoes, in place of the
apple, and Spanish pepper and a pint of
garlic, instead of the curry powder. Or a
sort of cousin of "Brunswick stew" can
bo made with tomatoes, corn and steamed
dumplings. If you have to make aMittle
meat go a long way, mako a brown stew
of mixed shred vegetables, and when tho
gravy boils drop in small round balls of
Hamburger and finish cooking in . the
hay box.
There are many kinds of meat-loaves,
"cunnelous," etc.. to b,e made from Ham
burgerthe chief differences being in
seasoning rather than in method. Egg is
often added to help to hold the mass to
gether; a little pork or bacon for flavor
and to prevent dryness, and bread
crumbs for economical reasons. You may
call the product "mock duck." or "mock
h:ire." if you like, when you use the
stuices and seasonings appropriate to the
real creatures. Meat loaf baked in a
ring mold with peas or creamed celery,
or cauliflower in the center, makes a
simple but pretty dish. If the "loaf" is
served cold, potato or other simple salad
could be placed in the center.
Little balls of Hamburger can also be
baked in batter as old-fashioned "toad-in-the-hole."
Such balls make a good
filling, combined with strips of bacon
thin sliced potato and chopped onion or
onion juice, for a plain meat pie, or the
meat turnovers known as "Cornish pas.
tius.
IP
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IN CONCRETE
Concrete is the best building
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We have sufficient orders
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!a& Stone Co.
bids.
OREGON.
ID
TUN
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To enlarge its plant and facilities,
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THE BLUE DIAMOND PRESSED STONE COMPANY
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CONCRETE FACTS
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