THE STJNDAT OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 1, 190T.
3
XII. WOMEN CAN PUT AN END TO HORSE DOCKING.
Copyright, 1907. by Katherlne N. BlrdsalV
Copyright 1907 by Katherine N. Birdsall.
I HAVE never seen women docking horses. For that matter, I
have never seen men docking horses. I never want to. Proba
bly no woman has ever docked a horse or stood by while it was
done.
But women could put a stop to the brutal practice if they chose
to do so. They have remedied many an abuse that men failed to
put a stop to. Woman's influence over man is certainly great
enough to confer this boon on suffering horses.
The docking of a horse puts him in line for more trouble than
anything that could be done to him. All this suffering and agony
in his later days could be stopped tomorrow if the women of the
country would say so. I believe they could do this by as simple a
thing as refusing to ride behind a docked horse.
But will women refuse to do this? I have drawn this picture
to arouse them.. Of course they don't really cut off horses' tails.
But what is the difference as far as the horse is concerned be
tween chopping off his tail and preventing its being done?
Women' are doing so much good as humanitarians that it seems
only just to appeal to them to use their great power to have anti
docking laws passed in every state in the Union. Women have had
them passed in sjme states. Why not make a clean sweep of it ?
If a, docked horse only knew that women could save others of
his race from the suffering he has gone through, how the horsa
would try to please the woman! But, on Ihe other hand, horses are
docked with "vomen's consent.
I doubt if they realize just what this means. If my picture, thu
last in this se"ries of a -tides, is a brutal one, I can only say that it
would give me much greater pleasure to draw a picture showing
women rushing to the relief of the tortured horse and driving the
hired veterinarian from his brutal work.
The Relation of the Government to Wealth
Our Present Barbarous Form Makes Freedom of Opportunity Absolute ly Impossible.
BY LOUIS BOW ERM AN.
OME men are afflicted with the
strange opinion that existing condi
tions are good enough. This idea is
an evidence of decay and marks the state
Df civic uselessness. From these comes
no effort in the interest of civic progress.
Consequently they are not good citizens.
Some men passively neglect to learn,
some because of selfishness or self-con-celt
refuse to inquire.
Let us be frank. The first are fools by
nature, the last are fools by choice. There
are those who earnestly .seek for truth
who recognize discussion as the com
merce of the mind, who watch with eager
eyes the approach of every sail that rides
the billows of time ana. having wel
comed the mariner to the mental port,
search his cargo and taking also give
with that fair barter In which there Is
no robbery. This commerce, discussion.
Is one of the greatest fortunes that men
possess, invaluable to progress in that it
renders error evident.
I desire to hoist a sail upon the mental
main, choosing no certain harbor, but to
drift from port to port In hope of
a friendly welcoming.
Justice Is a universal law. a regulative
relation of nature the observance of
which Is essential to all higher progress.
That the lower mental orders do not rec
ognize it or that men neglect it does not
deny Its existence. This was long true
of gravity. Forget gravity and death
may at any moment ensue, neglect Justice
and the soul and body will be slowly
crushed. The world is crying out from
the pain of this neglect. In proportion
as they deserve it. men are worthy and
states are great. All physical and mental
effort neglectful of this law is crime.
Our clearest expression of justice Is
"Freedom to do whatsoever one wills,
provided one does not -infringe the equal
. freedom of another"; that Is. a condl-
tion of equal opportunity or equal right.
To me the greatest proof of the univer
sality of this law is that the mind is so
constituted that an attempt to refute its
existence is self-violatlve. Is the per
formance of an act denied In the assump
tion, or. self-condemnation. For If i de
clare that all have an equal right he who
would attempt to deny it announces his
belief in equal right, maintaining as he
does the equal right to pass opinion on
the same question. Tolerating for the
moment, for the sake of argument, the
indefensible hypothesis, "unequal right,"
we are forced by logic to one strange and
significant conclusion the absence of ac
tivity, and the consistent course of Its
advocate is silence and inactivity, or
- mental and physical death. It Is evi
dent that we must regaru justice as a
prerequisite to life, a regulative relation
of nature without which life is Impossible,
In other words justice denotes those re
lations necessary to life.
Three corollaries follow from the law
of Justice: All men (men and women)
have an equal right to produce wealth.
Each man has an absolute right In and
an equal right to retain the wealth he
produces. All men have an equal right
to participate in, or a joint right to. the
wealth they Jointly produce. These corol
laries are axioms are self-evident, admit
of no refutation. Bearing the above con
stantly In mind, let us determine the rela
tion of Government to wealth.
Government consists of a chosen body
which society vests with certain powers
of control for the common benefit. These
powers are and must be wholly powers
of restraint, and can in no case be coer
cive, for coercion Is the violation of the
law. Society cannot vest in the admin
istrative body, or Government, a right to
wrong, for the individual cannot possess
nor may he conceive of such a right, and
the individual Is the element of society.
Much confusion arises on this point from
the fact that power and right are erro
neously used as synonymous terms.
The sole function of government, then.
Is to prevent aggression, to prevent the
violation of equal right, to prevent the
strong from oppressing the weak. "To
secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves
and our posterity."
Liberty is the opportunity to exercise
equal right. The exercise of unequal
rights, special privilege, is tyranny. It
follows necessarily that government can
not rightfully appropriate or take In
taxes the product of the individual's la
borIndividual wealth, for each haa an
absolute right in and an equal right to
retain the wealth he produces. It is evi
dent then that the only manner by which
individual wealth may be justly acquired
for the common use la by free 'consent
or gift of the owner, and moreover, it
Is evident that the exercise of our present
method of. compulsory acquisition of In
dividual wealth for governmental pur
poses Is contrary to the law of justice,
that is to say. is coercive. It is further
more evident that the exercise of this
method makes government an aggressor
that government intended as an instru
ment to prevent aggression becomes an
enemy to the equal right or liberty of Its
creators.
Here then Is a dilemma. The question
arises how may a government be sup
ported to conform with the law of liber
ty? A clear answer Is not wanting. Com
pensation Is the moral law "Thou shalt
not steal," is the expression of equal
right. Violate the law of equal right
and confiscation, robbery, takes the
place of compensation. 'While each
individual has a right to the product of
his labor. It Is equally true that mankind
has an equal right to participate, in the
wealth jointly produced. Now If it can
be shown that society conjointly pro
duces a value independent of and apart
from the Individual product. It will fol
low that society has conjoint right in it
and can consequently Jointly confer the
right to use it for common benefit. Noth
ing is more certain than that society does
conjointly produce such a form of wealth.
It Is an inevitable product of society and
proportional to the benefit arising from
co-operative effort. It is expressed with
vivid certainty In the value of location
"Land Value." That this location . or
land value is a conjoint product no one
on reflection will deny.
It is greatest where the benefits arising
irom associative efforts are greatest. De
populate a great city permanently and
land -value would disappear. Of this
value then, and only this, may society
delegate to government the power of ap-
law of Justice countenance as the proper
source of compensation. Nor may gov
ernment Justly neglect to take this value,
for to allow Its appropriation by any in
dividual, any element of society is as
great an infraction of justice as commun
al appropriation of individual wealth Is
to sanction theft, is to pursue the mon
archial and tyrannic doctrine that the
many must pay tribute to the few; for,
while this land value, this Joint wealth,
is allowed to be appropriated by individ
uals or used without full compensation to
the producing community, government is
aiding and abetting, is condoning and
protecting the theft of public wealth. We
should conform then to this dictum of
Justice If we would be honest men. for
he who refuses to uphold her laws is on
the face of the nratter a self-convicted
patron of corruption.
Take back this value of the land and
then will be established through conse
quent freedom of opportunity that equal
right to produce wealth and to retain the
wealth produced which our present bar
barous form of government renders im
possible. Here lies the cure for poverty
and wrong. In the violation of this law
of justice, past and present, lies the cause
of crime and bitter misery, the hatred
that rends nations, the pangs that shrlv
el the soul, the bigotry, licentiousness and
cruelty that mocks our claim to civiliza
tion. For without justice, apart from
the effort to get justice seen and known.
all the institutions, all the efforts of the
race can only aid in the violation of the
moral law can only aid the shrewd, the
strong, the brutal, to oppress the weak,
the merciful, the generous and good and
pit man against man in beastly unfor-
giveness and useless conflict.
Such then is the dictum of justice.
Government has no concern with any but
joint wealth must then tax only the lo
cation value or land value. That is to
say society may take back its own, nay.
must take back its own, for in this way
and only this way can the equal right of
each be secured. To take this value will
not Involve administration by force. It
will simply be to say to land owners,
"Imposition, appropriation must cease."
The function of government is to pre
vent aggression. What wealth you pro
duce is yours; we have no power over
it, but ours Is ours and you must relin
quish it." Do but follow justice, do but
take back this value of the land and the
withholding of natural resources the
monopoly of land would cease, because
Its power to rob society would cease.
Do this and labor shall again possess
that equal opportunity to produce wealth
and to retain the wealth produced. This
evidently would relieve the congestion
of the labor market, wages would, as a
consequence, rise to the product of the
individual.
Let us not be mistaken In the belief
that tyranny and government are one
and the same. To govern is to regulate,
not crush and destroy. Where justice is
absent, government Is impossible. No na
tion exists today that has got beyond
tyrranny. In the nature of things It is
impossible for a nation, a society, to rise
above tyranny until all taxes are abol
ished and the conjoint value, land or lo-
i cation value. Is returned to the common
benefit the source of compensation for
all administrative and public service.
Here I drop an anchor and furl a sail,
wishing all who will to board my bark
and search the cargo, not as pirates- and
beasts of force, but as men who wish to
know, and knowing, dare to tell.
The Prospector's Return.
BY JIM SUDDEN.
'Stranger. I'm frum th Callforny desert,
where the climate is so rare.
That I've had ter live fur twenty years on
bacon an' hot-air;
'Twas a scorchln', lurid desert where th
sun sits on yer back.
An th' tradln'-store's yer larder, an' yer
refrigerator's er paper sack
I hain't knockin' Callforny, tho', she's good
pints ter relate
Fur h II Itself they aj- hain't bad If yer
could Irrigate.
"When we sailed frum Columby River, there
was rumors in th' air.
That miners in Death Valley had forchune
by th' hair.
Huh! they say forchune is er lady, but
judgin' what I saw,
Th way she ' treated ua them years she
must ha' bin er squaw.
An' our hearts throbbed sick with longln'
an' th' sadness creepin' on
When sum miner 'round th' camp-fire would
sing 'bout Oregon.
We struck It rich one day, a wealth of
yaller gold.
Beyond th' dreams of Abble Rice, or sum
seen gal. I'm told.
We set "round th' fire that night, each one
a milyunaire
But th' rosy tints of life had faded an' all
had grayln' hair.
An' Clackamas Jack showed up our soul
when he muttered with a sigh,
"When I was er kid I'd ha give It all fur
er Hood River apple pie.'
T wish I'd never wandered erlong th pur
ple trail,
It leads ter bitter misery; I've never knowed
It fall;
An', stranger, yer will flnd.no matter where
yer roam.
There's a little spot that's hard to beat, an'
that little spot's called home.
An anyhow, I've got no use fur- them
pallid sorter guys.
What raves erbout eternal Summer an er
scented paradise.
They orter see our Oregon when she's In er
stormy mood.
When she flaunts her filmy draperies
'round th' head of Father Hood;
An' Ole Sol gits turrible scandalized an'
hikes In sum disdain.
An' leaves the great dim forests weepin
silent in th' rain.
New, they wouldn't want no country with er
blaxin' sun fur years.
Fur they'd git ter like our sunshine smllln'
wistful-like throo tears.
Let em gaze on th' gran' Columby, frum
th' mountains ter th' sea
Starlight on th' waters an' er shaddered
mystery.
Erlong th' silent shores where th' orchards
slope right down, ,
An' er witchery of twinkltn' light in sum
clean White River town.
Huh! they kin talk erbout th" Hudson, th"
Rhine, an' Naples Bay,
But when they see Columby. they're alius
sure to say
Oh, Oregon, dear Oregon Misty lady drest
In green,
Tho other lands may lure us, you'll alius
be our queen;
Tho' life may ebb an' leave us on sum
blasted furren strand.
Our memories will linger 'round yer fruit
ful, happy land.
An when we cross th last long river an
git our hatos on.
There'll be er bright celestial greetin' fur
th' sons of Oregon.
Rainier, Oregon.
The Lena is the stralghtest of all the
great rivers. For Son miles It runs in al-
m nt direct Una to the - - -
Circular Barn Instead of a Square Structure
Novel Farm -Building That a Baker County Man Is Putt ins Vp He Tells of Its Advantages.
BAKER CITY. Or.. Aug. 14. (Special
correspondence of the Sunday Ore
sonlan.) A combined hay and stock
barn is being erected on the ranch of A.
V. Swift, three miles west of this city,
which has many conveniences and com
mendable points which farmers would do
well to study. This barn is round, 60
feet in diameter and 48 feet "from foun
dation to eaves. It provides room for 12
horses and fourteen cows and more than
half as much more stock can be given
accommodations with slight changes.
The stock is arranged In a circle with
heads towards the center, except a part
of the cows, which face the outside. A
litter carrier runs on suspended track be
hind all stock and conveys the manure
to a wagon or spreader located on the
north side of the barn.
The feed bins are located in the center
under hay feeding floor and high enough
that grain will fall by gravity to the feed
spouts in front of stock. Hay Is fed
from feed floor, which is 16 feet in di
ameter, to all stock through Incline
chutes. In the horse department the ends
of the chutes are barred with vertical
slats and the manger is small, projecting
16 Inches into stall and containing feed
boxes, etc. All doors are built sliding
and take up very little space. The drive
way Is 14 feet In width and 16 feet high,
which allows a load of hay to be driven
through the stable without inconvenience.
Wagons and buggies are housed at the
right of the driveway and over them is
located the harness and work room and a
good-sized sleeping room.
The well is located near the north end
of driveway and when equipped with
pump will be easily arranged to deliver
water to each stall and both sides of cow
manger, as well as to furnish water for
cleaning floors, buggies, etc. The circu
lar construction provides roomy stalls at
the same time converging feeding apace to
the minimum.
In putting hay In the loft the load is
driven to the north end of driveway un
der the fork, from whence the hay Is
raised and distributed by means of a sin
gle pear-shaped track. In the loft Is an
other place where circular construction
furnishes economy and great convenience.
Notice that excepting the hay drop in the
center 4 feet 8 inches outside diameter,
where hay is thrown to feeding floor, the
mow Is one vast space unobstructed by
COMBINED HAT AND STOCK BARN I
On Om fm J AM JWIIT I -
tviKt ctrv. one-ton. I
1 Vjh'r" V'ijf
, I, 1 Lj
V'Tl ( V f1 J
posts, girts or braces to the peak of the
conical roof, which is 72 feet from the
ground. The hay drop, located in the
center of the mow, is one of Mr. Swift's
own Ideas and it will be noted that, no
matter what the height of hay In the
mow, one can pitch it into this tube from
any side, when it falls to the feeding:
floor to be distributed through the feed
ing chutes to the stock.
Mr. Swift's barn measures 1S84 feet
in circumference and incloses 284 !j'
square feet. This same wall if placed
In a square would inclose only 224
square feet, a difference of nearly 600 '
square feet in favor of the circle. A1
square which will contain 2841i square,
feet must be 634i feet on each side
or a total of 2134 lineal feet of wall,:
while the circle incloses it In 188 Va J
feet. From these comparisons, and by
taking into consideration the ellmina-'
tion of heavy timber in circular con-:
struction. It will be seen that much
less material is needed in a round;
barn than in one which is square on
oblong.. The circular building alsodoes;
away with gable ends, where a con-;
slderable space Is wasted, and there
are no corners and no long stretch of.
straight side wall to offer resistance
to tho wind.
This is the first barn of this pattern
ever built in the Pacific Northwest, and
its many points of excellence ought to
appeal to every farmer whose atten
tion Is called to it. It will contain 260
tons of loose hay, and Mr. Swift con
siders that the saving in hay wasted
on his ranch under the present meth
ods of stacking; will pay for the barn
in three years. But that Is not all.
Fine, dry hay, which has not been wet
since it was cut, will command better
prices and furnish more nutriment than
hay in the stack which has gona
through the Fall rains and melting;
snows of Winter. In this barn hay
can be loaded from the mow in an
sort of weather and is ready for mar
ket clean, bright and sweet and dry.
The accompanying plate gives detafir
of arrangement and plans which will
convince one of the efficacy and econ
omy of circular construction when ap
plied to stock or hay barns or where
they are combined under the sam
roof.
Charles Dickens' Memorial.
Another fresh proposal has been
made to erect a monument in London
to the memory of " Charles Dickens,
though no one needs a memorial of
this sort less. The i-lty itself etands
in some sort as his memorial. Those
who project such an enterprise must,
too, have forgotten the novelist's ex
pressed desire. In his will lie declared:
"I rest my claims to the remembrance
of my . country upon my published
works, and to the remembrance of my
friends upon their experience of me
In addition thereto." That seems to
be explicit enough. The works of
Dickens are as popular as ever, in
spite of the growth of the modern
novel, and in those books, which are
constantly being reprinted, he finds his