7 J li.JWli.LLtlU' Zfii
POLLOWING his established prefer
ence for athletic men, President
Roosevelt has made a former foot
ball coach Secretary of the Interior.
Of course It Is only a temporary ap
pointment that goes to George TV. Wood
Tuff, former developer of Penn and Car
lisle Indian elevens, for Secretary Gar
field still has his Job.
But while Mr. Garfield is away on his
vacation the inventor of that piece of
football ' strategy known as guardsback
will have full authority in the depart
ment. President Roosevelt didn't find it e'n
tirely easy to get Woodruff in author
ity. He was not in the regular order
to act for Secretary Garfield and Assis
tant Secretary Kyan, lor tne law pro
vides that in the absence of the secre
tary and his first assistant, the other
assistant . shall discharge the duties.
Secretary Wilson is this assistant, and
in the natural course of events he would
have assumed full power.
But instead, President Roosevelt issued
an order designating Mr. Woodruff as
acting Secretary of the Interior.
Mr. Woodruff is one of the five assis
. tants to the Attorney General, and he
is connected with the Department of
Justice, though his assignment is to give
advice to the Department of the Interior
in matters where legal points are
raised
In his present dual position.- by reason
of his connection with both departments,
Mr. Woodruff has the amusing power of
'formulating policies which he recommends
to the Secretary of the Interior, and as
' he now holds that office, he adopts the
measures which, he started in the other
department.
Mr. Woodruff is not oniy a football
coach. He is an all-around athlete, and
'is recognised as a tennis player of some
(pretensions. It has been his good for
, tune to become a member of the famous
.'tennis cabinet which includes many of
'. the President's friends, some of whom
j are famous for having made most unex
' pected and notable advances.
The aoting Secretary of the Interior is
1 about the same age as the President,
'and was at Yale at the same time Mr.
'Roosevelt was a student at Harvard.
, But Woodruff as a college man had a
'career that paled Mr. Roosevelt's.
' Excepting that he gained some little
reputation as a boxer. Roosevelt never
shone as an athlete while at college. It
was not until he had graduated and gone
(West that he gained his present sturdy
physique.
Woodruff was an exceptional athlete.'
His was the unusual record of having
heen for his entire four years a member
of the football eleven, the track and field
teams and the varsity crew. He cap
tained the crew of 18S9.
After finishing his classical course at
Tale, Mr. Woodruff went to the Univer
sity of Pennsylvania to study law, and
It was there that he made his reputation
as one of the foremost football tacticians
of his day.
When he took hold of football the Uni
versity was a minor college in all forms
of athletics. The football eleven hardly
afforded good practice for the teams of
Tale, Harvard and Princeton, and used
to sustain defeats of anywhere from 70
to 100 for their opponents, with a cipher
for the Peen score.
The new coach quickly changed all
this, and in the space of a couple of sea
sons Pennsylvania had an eleven that
beat Princeton, Harvard and Cornell and
only lost to Yale after a hard game.
Its success was due mainly to the new
ideas Woodruff brought into use. He had
?een that instead of letting a man run
unprotected with the ball, much greater
progress could be made if in front of him
ran two or three of bis teammates whose
duty it was to ward off tacklers and
leave the man carrying the ball free to
make long runs.
This was the beginning of interference,
and out of interference as a natural evo
lution came massed play. The first fruit
of massed play was guards-back. In
this play one of the guards wag taken
out of the line and put back -of the
guard who remained In the line. Back
of the pair were two of the back field
men, the line of four making such a
powerful ram that no defense could with
stand its powerful impact and the team
that had the right kind of guards and
stuck to this play could not lose.
When men like Warton, Wiley Wood-
4i
S3 t
xc
- 7
ft
' 0 f-
ruff, brother of the coach; McCracken
and Hare were playing guard at Penn.
the team went through four years of
unbroken successes
Out of guards-back came tackle-back
and all other, variations, for all had
the same underlying principle.
So effective did these plays became
that teams stuck to them religiously,
until finally football became monotonous
through the succession of massed play.
To abolish this powerful, battering ram
style of game the rule makers were
forced to draft legislation that makes
It illegal to take a guard out of the
line.
But guards-back was not Woodruff's
only contribution to football strategy.
He invented the quarter-back kick, the
delayed pass, the double pass and other
trick plays that have been used ever
since for good gains.
Woodruff - hpd a career of success
for five years at Penn, then a time
came when the quality of candidates
fell off,, and he. no longer had men
who could carry his Ideas Into ef
fect. The result was a lon succes
sion of defeats which at last roused
opposition to the formerly Idolized
coach.
As a culmination of the difficulties,
Mr. Woodruff resigned and announced
that he would quit coaching. First
he went to Chicago to take a place
with the sporting goods house of A.
G. Spalding, but the desire to coach
was strong within the famous tacti
cian and after a short time he came
back to- the East and signed to teach
the Carlisle Indian eleven.
It was expected that with the fleet
redskins to carry out his ideas. Wood
ruff would invent all kinds of tricks.
The eleven did play good football, hut
not enough better than in preceding
THE SUDAT OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JULY , 1907.
A
r-r:
f 5. i. .
Jl "St
seasons to make Mr. W'oodruff want
the job another year.
So he made a final renunciation of
football and turned his attention to
his neglected profession.
Mr. Woodruff had been admitted to
practice in the United States courts, all
the 'way up to the' Supreme Court,
while he was still coaching the Penn
sylvania eleven, but he was so busy
with football that he gave little seri
ous effort to getting Clients.
But when he got to law In serious
earnest, he found out that he was a
good lawyer, and others quickly made
the same discovery.
A fighter was wanted In the Forest
Service as law officer, and Mr. Wood
ruff, got the appointment becoming
chief aid to Gifford Plnchjat the Gov
ernment Forester. He Oid yeoman
service In organizing the National
forest reserve policy, and his industry
and ability especially 'commended itself
to the President, who soon ' discovered
that the energetic, restless, planning,
hustling attorney was a man of much
his own mould.
During his stay with the. Forest Bu
reau Mr. Woodruff made a special
study of -the public land laws, and
gained a reputation as Washington's
forest expert on this subject.
Secretary Garfield, when he went to
the Interior Department, had land
thieves to deal with, and he needed a
man who would have both the cour
age and the knowledge to fight them.
He decided that the former star foot
ball coach would be the man to sec
ond his crusade, and he had Mr. Wood
f J
" - t
f. 'X
X
.. .1 .
ruff appointed to the place in the Attorney-General's
force that would make
him available as adviser to the De
partment of the Interior.
Mr. Woodruff is not unlike the Presi
ASz?J -Mil
Billions in World Improvements
CONTINUED FROM PAGE FOUR
nect Pittsburg by canal with Lake Erie
at Ashtabula Is being pushed by it3
friends. .
Half a billion dollars is a modest sum to
set down as the probable cost of the
canal projects now under way in the
world.
Greater amounts are being spent now
and prospectively in Xew York and its
Immediate vicinity in public Improvements
than in any other equal area. In money,
these improvements call for an outlay of
much more than $800,000,000. or more than
four times the predicted cost of digging
the big ditch across Panama. To en
gineers the .New York improvements are
much more interesting than the canal
work at Panama, since, difficult as are
the problems there, those at New York
are still more difficult.
The biggest New York public work is
the new aqueduct. 150 miles long, which
Is to carry water from the Catskill water
sheds, under the Hudson River, by the
greatest inverted syphon yet planned,
wiping out whole towns on its way, un
der the neck of Long island Sound, across
Brooklyn and under the Narrows to
Staten Island. This undertaking: will cost
vV 3
y mhhmiiK mi.i iirimi.n.Km, j
mm
, . v
Cr S" A
dent In appearance. He wears spec
tacles while Mr. Roosevelt runs to
eye glasses, but the shape of the faces,
with the prominent teethn the mus
tache and the expression of restless
energy are not unlike.
The acting secretary is not a man
to evade responsibllitj-, and during his
brief Incumbency there Is no danger
that the work of the department will
be retarded to even a small degree.
J1S2.O00.O00, more than l,O0O.OOD a mile, and
I2I.000.0iX) more than the cost of the Pana
ma Canal. It Involves the creation of
the second largest artificial lake in the
world as a storage reservoir.
The Pennsylvania tunnels and terminals
under the North and East Rivers will
cost J100.000.OiX, the Hudson Company's
trolley tunnels under the North River,
with the terminals, as much more, while
the New York Central's new terminals
and' electrification will cost JSO.OOO.OOO. One
hundred and five millions more are
planned in subways, but the new sub
ways may be held up some time by the
failure of tne Interborough-Metropolttan
Company to bid as expected and the un
certainty regarding Governor Hughes'
new utilities commission. . August Bel
mont's New York and Long Island tun
nels, now nearly ready, will cost $4,000,000.
Fifty-one millions of dollars are being
expended on the bridges Manhattan,
Blackwell's Island and other structures.
A great public suspension bridge across
the Hudson to connect Xew York with
New Jersey, at a cost, Including termini,
of $75,000,000. is planned, but riot yet au
thorized. The Pennsylvania improve
K .''-yy .--J- : -. ...'''.'- 5 . . : . it-si
George W. Wodmff.AtTngr
Sec'y of the Interior, Was
Once the Most Famous Foot
ball Coach in the Coifitry
F - .7.
L v
ments on Long Island include a steel via
duct more than three miles long longest
of Its kind in the world crossing Hell
Gate. Ward's Island. Randall's Island
and the Bronx Kills, and connecting the
Pennsylvania with the New York, New
Haven & Hartford system.
Besides these projects there is the elec
trification of the New York, New Haven
& Hartford and Long Island Railroads,
the proposed $25,000,000 Improvements by
the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and
the millions on the back of millions being
put into noteworthy new buildings, two
of which are to be higher than any other
modern structure in existence except the
Eiffel Tower.
In tunnels of all kinds New York Is now-
spending and planning to spend more
than all other current and authorized
tunnel expenditures In the world, the
most noteworthy tunnel work projected
elsewhere being for the Los Angeles
water works, for the New York Central
lines at Detroit and to connect Canada's
Prince Edw"ard Island with the mainland.
This last named railroad tunnel Is
planned to be seven miles and a half
long and to cost JM.P00,000. It is only
projected, however; the others are au
thorized and begun.
For the size of tbe city which Is
bearing the expense, the Los Angeles
water works Is the. most remarkable
undertaking now in progress. The
main conduit will be the longest in the
world, about 226 miles. The cost Is
estimated at about J24.5OO.O0O. The sup
ply is to be taken from tbe Owens
River, which flows through a practic
ally inaccessible, unsettled mountain
region of surpassing beauty and "al
most unexampled freedom from prob
able contamination.
The conduit will deliver S, 000,000 gal
lons of water dally, enough for a city
of a million, with sufficient left over
to Irrigate much of the surrounding
country If necessary. It will be car
ried over the Tehachapl Mountains and
across several deep earth fissures, in
cluding Jawbone Canyon, by Inverted
syphons. There wilr be ten miles of
tunnels, a reservoir seven miles long
and a dam 3 40 feet high. Railroad.
telegraph and telephone lines are now
being built for construction purposes
along the entire route of the conduit.
Forty-five miles north of Los An
geles there Is a 1500-foot drop at Lit
tle Lake, where 36.000 hydro-eloctrie
horsepower Is to be generated. ' At
other locations 13,000-horsepower Is to
be developed, making 49,000 24-hour-horse-power
all told. The current will be
sold to manufacturers and other con
sumers, and Is expected not only to
furnish a tidy revenue to the city, but
to be a factor in the growth of its
manufacturing enterprises. This big
work Is to bo completed In five yoais.
Great Bums are being spent on irri
gation in many countries. The Indian
Government is trying to solve the
problems of preventing famine, and, at
the same time, of furnishing work to
the unemployed by promoting Irriga
tion works. Egypt is fibout to spend
$7,750,000 on the great Afsuan irriga
tion dam by raising It 18 feet and 6
Inches. Australia is reclaiming part of
her deserts by irrieation. But this
country leads In Irrigation projects,
both bv millions Of expenditure and
area reclaimed.
Besides many private irrigation en
temrlses. there are 25 Government ir
rigation projects under way in this
country: when these are developed 13
more are to be put through. All told
thev will change 6,466.000 acres of
desert to potential gardens. The 25
projects begun will cost $60,000,000. and
will reclaim 3,1 9S, 000 acres, which Is
equivalent to the crop acreage of Con
necticut. Massachusetts, New Hamp
shire and Florida, while the reclaimed
land will be of much .greater than av
erage fertility. It will furnish homes
for 80.000 families and adrl nearly
J250.000.000 to the taxable property of
the states and territories.
More than 1200 miles of irrigation
canals almost as far as from New
York to Des Moines have heen dug by
the Government, also 10 miles of tun
nels. 97 "large structures'" have been
built. Including dams, the largest of
which and the largest in the world is
the Roosevelt dam. It blocks the Salt
River six miles above Phoenix, In Ari
zona, and will create a reservoir 25
miles long largest artificial lake in
the world and store 400. 000. 000. 000
gallons of water. It will Irrigate 200,
ooo acres of land, besides 60.0f more
to tCe Irrigated by pumping machinery,
operated by hydro-electric power de
. - . .
, , . - 'rr 1
veloped at the big dam, which Is 2S6
feet high.
Perhaps the greatest works now in
progress under the direction of the
British Government are in the nature
of docks and harbor Improvements. The
new naval harbor at Dover will be big
enough to float the entire British navy
at one time. At Bombay J21.0O0.000 H
being spent on docks and dredging. At
Malta the two largest drydocks In the
world and extensive breakwaters are
being completed. Great naval and
harbor improvements are going on also
nt Colombo, chief port of the Island of
Ceylon, and at Hongkong.
'These are the chief public works do
ing in the world today. They are
greater. In number and extent and are
employing much more money and many
more men, from skilled engineers and
executive men down to laborers, than
were ever employed before.
The great projects mentioned give
an idea only of the total "Improve
ment" activity of mankind at this time
in the way of Improvements. There
are Innumerable and comparatively
minor projects for the expenditure of
from a hundred thousand to six or
eight millions of dollars afoot In every
land the big bridge over the St. Law
rence at Quebec, to cost $4,000,000, now
going up, the bridge over the Missis
sippi above New Orleans, to cost $8,
000,000, and the. beautlficatlon projects
in all the cities, to cost tens of mill
ions, highway Improvements by the
hundreds of miles, for example be
side new mining and other develop
ment enterprises such as those going
on in the Congo Free State, which can
not be more than hinted at. In addi
tion, there are the millions on millions
being poured out In electrical railroad
construction.
Should the "demon Impulse" for ex
tended transportation be unohecked
for ten or a dozen years, the resulting
expenditures, will be as great as those
of the lat half century, or even great
er. It would be easy to make detailed
figures showing that such expendi
tures of from J3. 000.000. 000 to $4,000.
OoO.ono are now authorized and going
forward.
(Copyright. 1007, by Dexter Marshall.)
Lincoln's Usual Swear Word.
July Century.
On one occasion, Lincoln, when en
tering the telegraph office, was heard
to remark to Secretary Seward, "By
jings, Governor, we are here at last!"
Turning to him In a reproving manner,
Mr. Seward slild: "Mr. President,
where did you learn that Inelegant ex
pression?" Wijhout replying to the
Secretary. Lincoln addressed the oper
ators, saying: "Young gentlemen, ex
cuse me for swearing before you. 'By
jings' is swearing, for my good old
mother taught me that anything that
had a 'by' before It was swearing."
The only time, however, that Lincoln
was ever heard really to swear was on
the occasion of his receiving a tele
gram from Burnslde, who had been,
ordered a week before to go to the re
lief of Rosecrans. at Chattanooga, who
was in great danger of an attack from
Bragg. On that day Burnside tele
graphed from Jonesboro, farther away
from Rosecrans than he was when he
received the order to hurry toward
him. When Burnside's telegram was
placed in Lincoln's hands he said:
"D n Jonesboro." He then telegraphed
Burnslde a3 follows:
"September 21, lSr,3.
"If you are to do any good to Rose
crans it will not do to waste time at
Jonesboro. A. LINCOLN."
Longing.
Nanry "R. Turner in Lippincotf.
It'p lonely Fince von left me, dear;
The hours ro silent shod;
I wait In vain to hear
X stir where once you trod.
rayf days days
And never your footsteps come:
Oh. that I knew a rail for you
To turn your wanderings hornet
It' weary watching for you, love
The twilljjht Is a ghont;
The phadows breathe and move..
tMrhinii of something- lost:
Dark dark dark
And never your face for light.
Divided . . . Nay. a world awav;
Heart of my heart, good night!
Fountain pen of Love.
Harold Susman in I.lppineotfn
"Ja-k writes such gushing letters,"
Said Ang-ellne to Gwen.
"Tes, but we must remember
He has a fountain-pen'."