TP
pi
1
CLAYTON 1
cowboys t
saddle In
LAYTON BANKS, one of the best I
hat ever t hrrw lepr oyer
"Wyoming, had just finished
ride on the great outlaw horse, Steam
boat, the worst horse In the world. The
ilir black hors had fouRht with every
trick at his command and had pitched,
Bunnshcfl, elUcateppca ana cnangea ends,
winding: up his performance with a. series
oC hard, crashing descents t ri fi t had un
seated many a champion. The cowboy
v v panting heavily as he leaned against
the corral irate.
"If it hadnt been for the sandy soli
out there, he'd got me," admitted the
oowpunolior. I've Wn on .ill the nsd
homes in the "We
Steamboat sure hai
t . I Riiess, hut old
a right to his title.
He is the worst outlaw that ever hap
pened, ami that black hide of hls'll be
full of cussedneiis until he dies."
"What makes Steamboat Ii ardor to ride
than any .other horse ?" was asked.
'Tt the way he imes down to the
Sionnd. There are other outltiWH - that
io more fancy step? when' they're buck
ing. bJt they don't jar a man, like old
Steamboat. You see Steamboat is a big,
heavy horse. Me in about 12 years -old.
and he has been Imping just the same
for eight years. o" over since they first
-put a saddle on 1 . '. m. He fouRli t Just
the same way when he was brought in
off the ranRfc anl tlipy tried to break
lilm. He frlves '. irt of peculiar, sile
twlatlng Jumps, r rtd. - when he hits the
Krounj you tlilnl; you've fell off one o:
those SO-story terees down in New York.
Xe looks easier t ride than lota of other
horses, but be isn't. He's the worst horse
In the .world., all right, when it comes to
making a flgrht.
When You Try to .'.-- tcl" r II i m.
' "There's no eowboy wants to try to
scratch Steamboat. went on Da n k s, as
be peered through at the big horse who
was walking calmly about Within the cor
ral, looking like anything but an equine
desperado. "You'll Wnow it's customary
or bronco-busters to scratch the shoul-
dcrs of a horse with their spurs, just
"to gret the buck out of em quicker. Well.
1 o ts of cowboys may be able to s tay on
Steamboat just the way ,1 have done, by
not stirrin' him up very much. But you
The Most Widely Read of
They Are the Builders of Headlines in the Dally Venders
Xpw York Sun.
THE authors whose writings are read
by the greatest number of persons
are the headline writers for the
daily newspapers. The writers of the best
Fellers among books do not compare with
them.
For advertising purposes It is customary
to assume that every copy of a newspa
per n seen by five readers. If this as-
numption Is correct every copy of a news
paper of a quarter of a million daily cl r-
dilation Is seen by a million and a quar-
ter of readers. 3f anything: ln a newspa
per l.o read it is the headlines.
Writers of books, of magazine articles,
of much of the matter In the weekly and
daily papers write at their leisure. The
news reports for the daily press are, part
of them, written hurriedly. Ttie new
headlines are put on with little time for
thought.
Nearly every newspaper has its own
sisle ol Mines, permitting ttie m of
only a certain number of letters, or within
a few letters of that number, in m. line.
Thia requirement engages the attention
ot the headline writer and occupies part
of the brief .time in which he has to
do his work.
Yet much depend? upon the ready sKill
and ability of the headline man. No mat
ter how newsy- and bright a paper may
be. it ean be made to appear unlnterest-
In g and dull it the Headlines do not come
up to the level- of the text.
And. too. the conscientious headline
writer does not make beads that, the text
does not bear out. In the brief time at
hm disposal. In the limited space t his
enrnmand a.nd within the restrictions im
posed by the headline style and typog-
raptiy or hta" paper, be must maKc the
most of the material which he is to ln-
troduce.
Within I ti memory of newspaper work-
ers and readers not yet old there have
Wn (treat changes In headline methods.
-V style of headline that was so common
nulf . century bko as to he almost uni
versal may be cha.rivcteried as the wood-
ph head, for example: "COMMON COUX-
i ll, PROCEEDINGS; Resolutions Adopt
1
2
r
get him on hard ground, where he can
get out the full ffeet of his jumps, and
then try to scratch him. and the best
rider in the world'U go over on his head.
Otto Ploegor, one of the finest riders in
Wyoming, made a bet he could Bcratch
Steamboat. Well lie rode him fine for
a tew jumps and might have stnyefl on
rig-ht through, hut the first time he save
a little rnkc with his spur old Steamboat
woke up- The boss had been kind of
loafliv alone, like he was savin' to him-
sel f : 'Well. Otto is a nice boy and I
don't want to hurt him." But when he
reit that spur rake down his shoulder
h$ give a jump that made OLto's bones
squoak. Then he give another a little
worse, and Otto fell off so Jarred that
he" didn't dare speak Tor ten minutes' for
fear his teeth'd fall out."
- Genesis of t-lie Burking Horse.
Nobody has ever solved the problem
of the outlaw horse. The motives that
actuate the human outlaw are easily ac
counted for, but the had horse of the
plains offers a deeper problem. A horse
born and bred In the surroundings of
civilisation will manifest bad temper per-
naps, but only by biting;, Kicking and
squealing. But ss a rule this home can
be made a fairly respectable member of
equine society. The range, horse, with
his added accomplishment of bucking, is
rarely tamed when onoe he has shown
the disposition of an outlaw. There is no
evidence that the first horses brought into
this country by the Spaniards knew how
to buck when they were turned loose on
the plains, forming the nucleus of the
wild norsc bands of today. No doubt
bucking- was learned when some moun
tain lion made a deadly leap to the buck
of one of the horses. Kicking- would not
dislodged the lion, SO -the horses began
to buck. The mountain lion endeavored
in vain to maintain his position. Teeth
and claws would not avail against those
peculiar twisting .lumps and jarrins de
scents, and soon Mr. Liion tumbled igno
mlniously In the dust, while the horse,
scratched and bleeding, made mental note
of tile best way to shake off an enemy.
At any rate, no malur how it was
learned, the Ducking instinct is', strong
In the Western range horse. ' Bishop
ed, Motions Carried and - Ordinances
Passed,"
A radical departure from this was the
catch word title, a heading tliat was in-,
tended to catch the attention of the read-
er by, setting forth m a word, usually in
large black letters followed by one or
more scare marks, the nub of the story
iK-iifHin 11, as, i or instance. "SJASHUP: '
roiiowea unes m emaller type ex-
plainlng: that there had been a collision
of railway trains somewhere. This style
of head is still- used by some newspapers
in an aggravated form and sometimes
with colored Inks.
Another sort of 'headline that was In
use some 30 years ago much more -than
now may, for want of a more accurately
descriptive word, be termed the Ingenious
head. The makinjf of it requires some in
genuity In combining words, so that by
sisrht or sound or by both they would at-
tract attention to the text, and a little
wit in the head of the writer was a. help
An example of this sort of headline
winch will fairly lllwtra,? .lie meaning
was written over a story from a New
Jersey town tellinfr of a ehost scare that
proved to be the work of some mischiev
ous Individuals. The top line was; "Ho-
ciisiwcus In Holiokus."
The latest scheme of newspaper head-
1 lnes which has been generally adopted
is to set forth the most interesting feat-
tire of ttie story in the top line, and In
the subsequent lines to tell the story as
fully- as the spjfoe devoted to the head
ing will permit. This gives the pith of
the news to the reader who only glances
at the headlines.
i t h this style of head usually hop. a.
Bummar' of the storv In the openfnR
paragraph, with the headlines and this
paragraph the reader gets the story in
brief from beginning to end. and In what
follows he gets t tie details, if he is suf
ficiently interested to read on.
Tiiere is a form ot newspaper heading
known as the display head which breaks
away from the newspapers style of head
lines and is used only for matter of a
very startling or important Character, In
these headlines the writer, with few re
strictions a.s to the paper's customary
style, endeavors o set forth the news as
strikingly as possible. A few newspapers
use display heads every day in every eft-
tion on every page and in almost every
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN. PORTLAND, JANUARY 13. 190?.
t J H
Once a Bucker.
Always.a Bucker,
Is a Rule
That the
r0110WS, ,
ifSi.lY
X
7MI Authors
of the united states. '
column so indiscriminately that when
they have news really worth a display
head they are powerless to indicate its
Importance.
The force of the newppaper headline has
often been exemplified, A headline
brought the word mugwump into common
use in this country, not, however, at first
as a word of political significance. Tte-
ferring to some act or the former auto
crat ot Asbury Park, a headline writer
wrote "MiiRwiinip Bradley" ti i i so and
so. Then arose a newsnaoer dlseucnlon
as to the meaning ot the word, and It
was threshed out of the chaff of Indian
lore.
later. when Theodore Roosevol t, a s a
representattve of his district at the State
capital was active In an oleomargarine
investigation in New York City, a re
porter mentioned him as "tho stalwart
young mugwump or reform." Still later
ttie word turned up in Its well underwood
political significance.
.A. headline f?ave to Thomas A Edison
the di'signatlon "The Wizard of Aleiilo
w to myea m fresident of
the United States and Wheeler was Vioe-
Prcslrlent the latter had little to do with
affairs of state and was often reported
as being on a fishing trip In riorttiem
ew York. A headline SnoWe ot him as
"The Lone Fisherman of Malone." and
the designation of the Lone Flsherman
clung to him with considerable persist-
enee.
When Jerry Simpson, of Kansas, was a
fierure In Washington as a member oT
Congress a headline writer called him
"The socKiess Socrates or Medicine
Lodge." and the appellation, wholty or in
worth whllei a lot of in
stances could be recalled of the readlnes3
of headline writers while working under
the stress of the moment. One nlprht
there came by wire the announcement
of the death of an ossified man who had
toured the world with circuses.' The
busy copy "editor headed It "He ried
Hard."
A headline to be remembered for its
striking combination or pathos and mat'
ter of fact was printed over a paragraph
telltnK of the burial at sea of a. little Rus
sian child of Immigrant parents from an
Incoming steamship. The ship's log told
In nautical terms the nlare wW t!ia
bodr was cast into the Water- and the
f '- V Vtsw
Cowboy
J
''A
'r -
headline read; "Latitude and Longitude
of a Little Fellow's Grave.'
A small daily in 7ew England dispensed
with the services of headline writers ;
when the copy canie in Xrpm the tele
grapher It was given out to the componi-'
tors and they made the heads, usually
setting: them up In the composing sties:
and following: along with the text. One
night tho wire briefly told of the death In
Buffalo of Millard KUlmore.
'The conn po?5itor set up a head for It
and in the morning the paper announced
the death of the 13th Fresident ot Die
United States under .the fullface lower
case caption. "Man Dead."
LIKES TALK-OF-AMERICANS
English Paper, However, TVot Able
to Distinguish What Is Slang.
(London Globe.) "
Henry Arthur Jones has our support
1 ii his eulogy of trie American lan
gruage. "American colloquial lan-
guago." he says. "Is racier than ours,
has more bite and sting: and swarms
with lusty young" Idioms struck off red
hot with vitality."
That is the secret of the beauty of
Amorics-p. It is. to employ it for tho
moment, a real, live tongue, hitting: you
where you live, and ail wool right
throu&rh. English sounds insipid and
ts.me after it. though to do us Justice,
we are gradually assimilating- Amer-
Jean iaiome ana worKing them into tlie
fabric of our speech. It is becoming
quite common to hear people say they
can not "stand for" a thing, when a
few years back they would have said
simply Mani" One hr-ars. too, of a
thingr being a "soft' proposition or a
"tounh proposition."
It seems to us that there is more hu-
mor in American colluquialisms. One
somehow feels that the man who in
vented them must have been a pleasant
fellow. The Kng-lish colloquialism too
often suggests the public house, One
should dist.ng-uish, however, between
the colloquialisms of America and its
slang. The slang may be a shade too
racy lor those who HKe the colloquial
isms. We have known men who liked
to affect: toe American Idiom in their
conversation bclne aa baffled by Mi
works or George Atle as was Andrew
Lang1 when reviewing thai writer's
"Fables in Slang--" "
Cl
lie
m
P
Ski
' Alt
J-
- J-,
- a
The: Making of Silk: by a
Artificial Product That Is Said to Itlval That Made by
EVERAL varieties of artificial silk
are In the ruSrket In Vrance. dis-
played in some of the stores and of
fered for sale at figures much below the
genuine article, Next to CtiarQonnet the
viscose is the most common. It is one of
the valuable forms of dissolved cellulose,
which may be precipitated and made to
assumn almost any form desired: that is
to say. it may be precipitated into fila
ments of thread as fine as a spider's web
or in masses tfcat can be made ag hard as
rubber. It may also be precipitated Into
skeels or molded into a variety of forms.
Viscose was discovered and named by
Messrs. Cross and Vovi of London, and
it wax they who first demonstrated its
use. These gentlemen found that when
cotton, wood pulp or any other form of
cellulose was treated with a solution of
caustic soda and the solid residue thus
obtained
treated with
UlflllpnWO VI carugn anfl this mag? TO
again treated with water the whole pass
Into " solution and front this solution, th
ce llu loee was
e precipitated at will.
To C. H. Steam of Kew Gardens, Lon-
don, $s due the credit of evolving artifi
cial sillc from this solution. He accom
plished this by forcing- the viscose solu-
Hon through a tube which terminate In
a multitude of infinitesimal holes, the end
of the tube being; at the same time ina-
mersed In a troug-h' containing a solution
capable of precipitating the eelluloee. As
the precipitation begln immediately on
coming: in contact with the precipitators'
liquid each film, maintains its own in-
tegrity and by the first operation quite a
number of minute filaments are twisted
Into a larger but still very small filament
adapted- to weaving: into a fabric- Mr.
Steam tlrpt applied It to tne manufacture
of carbon fllmentu for eleetrlc lamp bulbs.
In the manufacture of which he was then
and still Is engaetl. II" soon found that
he could make Waments as large aa a
lead pencil and as fine as a snMer's neb.
New Process X-'on nd .
The last discovery was found "by him
to' be specially Interestintr and he soon
applied it to the manufacture of artificial
Biog-rLpIiy pfSteamboat
!Mfeanl Horses
t s
Ethelbert Talbot, in his recent book, "My
People or the Pl-iino." tells of a time
when he was compelled to ride horseback
from a ranch to the church where he was
to speak. The ranchman offered him the
choice of two xaddle horses, one of which
"bucKed a little and the other a good
deal.' Naturally the binhop chose the
one tha t "bucked a little" and mana pred
to make the " Journey without dlsanter.
Toriay( in ppite ol restricted range th
same evil is manifest in the Western
bronoo. It would seem that the bucking
Instinct has become hereditary. On any
big ranch in the West there are always
plenty of outlaws that are the despair
of their owners, and even the gentlest
tempered saddle horse sometimes gets
the fever and does a few bucking steps
Juiit to show he has not Horgotton the
trick. . -
Riders Who '"fake (lie Top Ofr."
Fortunately the Went haw bred a ra ce
of riders to compete with its horses. Since
the earliest days of the cattle business
the feats of the bronco-busters have chal
lenged admiration. Not all oowboys have
been pronco-bustenj. in fact, the busters
have formed hut a small percentage of
the cowboy element in the West. 1 n the
old days the cattlemen hired two or
three bronco-busters to breaK ttie horses
of the outfit. There might be HX cowboys
with an outfit and only one or two
bronco-busters. The busters did nothing
else but ride wild horsftn. In fact they
earned their "pay at that alone. They
might be calleu upon to "take the ton
ofT' a dozen or more bad horses In a
day. Once in a while an outlaw of the
Steamboat type would be struck. The
"top" would never be taken off him, for
he would buck as hard as If the bronco-
buster had neved been on his back. Such
horses were simply turned out on the
range , again, as they were of no use,
save for purposes of exhibition.
"Amont' the old-time busters in Wyo
ming, Arthur Norton was the finest," said
John M. Kuykendall. of Denver, who was
a ranch-owner and rough-rider in the
silk. This viacose silk is now produced
in France at Araue la Bataille, near
Dieppe; at Taulignan. in the department
of the .Drome; In Stettrin. Germitny. and
in other places in Italy and Switzerland.
Merchants Inform me that it responds
readily to hues, while it ts sold for about
two-thirds the price of the genuine silk:,
which it closely resembles. An allied in-
Oustry to whicn ylBco-ie is applied is tne
manufacture of artificial horsehair. The
article is now manufactured in England,
and the industry is said to be very pros-
pcrous. ?
Viscose and its products contain nothing
that la In any way allied to guncotton,
and is no more inflammable than ordi
nary silK. Another difference between
viscose and the Chardonnet silk la that
the former requires no alcohol in its
manufacture. The viscose si 11c thus far
manufactured in Kra nee has found pur-
chasers In that country and hut little of
It has been exported.
Another variety of artificial wllle manu
factured from a 'base of hydrate of cop-
per was patcntea in lSMDyii, Dwp
A description of this process, in a small
volume written bv JVT. F. Wlllpms and
published In 1S4 by the Oentral School of
Arts end Manufactures In Fanr states
that this product differs from all others
In the nature of the corps employed, in
the chemical reactions upon which it i
based and in the results obtained. A. few
lines from the description made by the
inventor follow:
' 1 employ, in the
lie, Hut pure cellulose.
in a cupro-ammoniacal liquid (Schweitzer
reactive), cuprate of ammoniac, and the
solution obtained is stored In a reservoir,
from which It is made to emergre through
capillary orifices under a pressure.
Rivals Natural Product.
"In cmerglns from these orifices,
tne vlficoeo spray of cellulose 1?
dissolved In Schweltxer liquid and
passes through a special chemical
bath. such as clUorydrlque acid,
acetic, oxalic, tartaric or citric acid,
which coagulates the cellulose and con
verts it into a solid fiber, while taking:
from it a part of the copper and the am-
moniac . which has been drawn into it.
Then thft fiber Is treatec. with a dilud
chloridrle acid bath to take from It all the
i .inw..:::v.:i-va.--
43
ID
eanest of All
in America
1
M,IIII KHMfcusUij
r 'I
i-
days of the cattle-kitiRS. "Among: th
riders of today I should 8v that Harry
Brennan, of Sheridan, Wyo., is the near-
est to .Morton. In fact Brennun rid?
with Juat &r much ease and grace as
Norton showed, hut- 1 should say he in
hardly ag expert In handling wild horse
and judging wild hoi-Be nature."
"V !.-.-- to Genuine lUdlng.
Today( If one wants to see the greatest
feats of rough rldlngr. he should go out
with some home outltt. There are only
a few of thee horse outfits left, and,
Uify will not be In existence many years,
A typical outfit Is the Flying-U, that has
hundred of horse out on the range be
tween the. Yellowstone and . Big Horn
Rivers. When there is a round up of tlifse
horses one can see rough riding that
merit the term. It ia .not for exhibition
purpose but s strict 'business. Tho
crnck brontfo-btistftra In the outfit are
called upon to saddle and i-id dozens of
wild, shaggy- horses ' that may have felt
thft touch of n rope but onre in their
lives, that -being when they were branded
ax colts. SiH)h horses will plunge, rem-.
fall backward and execute the most
marvelous and unheard-of bucking steps.
But most of them have the "top taken
off"- at the lirst ride, for the lironco-bu.Mter
will stick at his work all day t neccs-
sary.
Anions the worst horses in the West
today sire Syblle. -Vlile O Hell. Two
Step. Young Steamboat. I'oison and Gray
Eagle. These horses are typical outlaw:',
Thy bucked to th limit the first tlina
they had a h; 1 1 1 f '. thrown on their backx.
and they tut?R Juxt the same today. Ther.
is no turning them, and they are of im
use to anybody except when some bronco-
busting1 exhibition is held and darinc cow
boys i-islc life and limb for the salce of
the applause of the. crowd. One cannot
bur admire the spirit of those outlaw
horses. As a Western poet has written,
of the eciuine outlaw :
Until he dies, and dien with unbroken prld-
Each day ho' II fight, and welcome mmi-
madv scars;
And every nigtit will pause, with quiver iti ic
side.
And gaze with longing through the corral
bars. -
Denver. Colo.. January 5!
iNow VVethod
the Industrious Worm.
copper and ammoniac by chemical action
and by osmose. The rhloridrie acid con
verts the Schweitier lirtuld into chloride
of copper and chlorate of ammoniac,
corps which are soluble and w hlch iepa-
rate from yie filament where the pun
cellulose remain.
"To impart to this artificial si 11c ' a.
closer resemblance to real stilt. which.
contains azotic proflucw, the cellulose so
lution may be treated .in a hath of
Schweitzer 1 1 ti iI with s certain Quantity
of animal substance, such as a4bu men or
silk wastes or bourrc Oe sole. The m a--nient
may be treated also In a solution of
albumen copiously diluted with water."
A process" of making artificial sllle
somewhat similar lo that of Despei.ssls is
callod thr "Pauls? proeeflF." and was pat-
opted in 1897. Other processes are that of
Promery ji tl Urban, patented in 1 Kfi ; the
Consortium Mulhouslen, also patented in.
1KB: a prows patented by the PmtLni
Artificial Silk Company in 190O; the -Thlele
process. pa tented in 1893 : a not her. also
by M. Thiele. patented in 1903; the pro
ccFn or Wynne & Mtn, paifnifU 11
1&S5. This patent was for ma kin or silk:
on s base of chlorure of zinc. In 1.S33 ii -Daddi
wa granted a patent for manufac
turing artificial bIIK from vegetable uu
stances.
Thf manufacture of and dealers in silk;
tn Lyon watch the proftrei of all t he2
inventions with (treat interest, and many
of them believe that a method will vet be
found to produce an artificial article that
will rival natural fllk in beauty and dura
bility. It is an entirely new Industry, he
llevefl to De susceptible of filling an im-
portant place in the ftoM of modern in
dustry. Thus learned chemists are de
voting their time to the study of a men n x
Of finding" new methods or ot perfecting
those now employed, and It Is believed
that the efforts now malt ins: wlli res-.::t
In disco verlng a means to prod uce a tex
ture which will nearly, it not entirely,
serve all the puruosos of the beautiful
silks spun from the cocoon.
"ot Jlucii Help to Her.
Punch.
Mlsa Binkn (breathless. hurryinir t
catch London train after week-end trip-
Can you. ploaaA toll me the exact time?
Old Salt Alf ebb.
6
r w