THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 23, 190C.
49
"It came upon the midnight clear,
That glorious song of old,
From angels bending near the earth.
To .touch their harps of gold:
"Peace on the earth, good Will to men
From heaven's all-gracious King!
The world in solemn stillness lay
To hear the angels sing."
CHRISTMAS CAROL.
ill
r -
u
tnr,
The Garden and It Arcetworlen, by I.orlng
i;ndr'woid. Illustrated. 2. Little,
Brown & Co., Hot-ton.
The best picture given in Genesis is
that of the Garden of Kden before the
Her bent entered, and to the modern
mind hours are golden-spent In a well
cared for garden. In his altogether
r harming book of out-of-doors, Mr.
I'nderwood, aided by 102 illustrations
from photographs, appeals not only to
the casual lover of flowers, but to
those lovers of Nature who make their
gardens Edens on a small scale.
Mr. Underwood's experience as a
landscape architect convinces him. that
no hard and fast rules can be dictated
for the R'"t of ornamental gardening in
North America. He thinks that the
beauty of our landscapes is too sub
tle, the range of possible effects too
wide, and that each American garden
should have an air of individuality, the
beauty of which will come from skill
ful blending of best features of the
best types. He writes most interest
ingly about Summer-houses, arbors,
fountains, pools, sun-dials, benches and
other features. The paper used 'la
thick and creamy, and the pictures are
as perfect as good photographs.
Mr. Homedweller, this is for you.
People cooped up in city flats won't
care but some day they will.
Th New Art of an Ancient People, by M.
S. Lovussove. Illustrated. 75 cents. B.
W. Huebaeh, New York City.
A new author, as well as a new
artist, is introduced in this dainty little
book, which, with its pictures in black
and white, reminds one of the work of
two artsts whose work is stamped
with the world's approval Beardsley
and Mucha.
The artist about whom this book of
fi2 pages is written is Ephralm Mose
Julian, whose work is reflected in many
beautiful forms of a new Jewish art.
Mr.-Lallan was born in 1S74 in a poverty-stricken
village In Gallcla, in the
midst of an Austrian mining district.
Ills' father was a woodturner, and so
poor that he could not tmd the boy
to the state schools. But the boy's
soul was filled with dreams of beauty,
and he went to Cracow to the Acad
emy of Fine Arts. Next he went to
Munich, and at present he is In Ber
lin, where he is recognized and ad
mired as a man who has turned art
into a new channel, and who has de
livered a National message by means
of form. It Is admitted that Lilian's
drawings show genius so clearly that
they have won him a place in the very
front rank of modern, illustrators. As
Mr. Levussove so well says:
Not only have its recent travails brought
forth a Zionist political movement, but In
addition nn extensive literature, a drama
and nn nrr. The rising sun of Zlon In
theddlng its lipht on everything Jewish, and
this lint i retleeted In the thousand works
of the younger Intellectual Jews. Ephraim
Mom) Ionian is one of these. Ho belonps to
a ftroui or ambltloun younjc artists, fighting,
noma under the standard of realism, others
under the banner of naturalism or the newer
Idealism. They have been developing a
Hew art whose content and style, even If
at times erroneous, bear witness to the zeal
"with which they seek to create new and
more, beautiful comblnatlops In color and
form. Ulian shows a profound pathos in
his drawings a pathos born of his Juda
ism and a tremendous power of appealing
Idlrectly to the Imagination in expressing
both National sufferings and hopes.
Lilian's art Is peculiar In this that
it is altogether different from any
other contemporary effort. To a lay
mind, he seems to recall Beardsley in
the latter's best mood. Rarely has
black and white been used so well as
in these 20 pictures, and Mr. Levussove
- who has been for a number of years
an Instructor in the art department
of the College of the City of New
York deserves credit for making
American people better acquainted with
one whose poetic imagination and mas
terly technique dawns as a surprise.
Memorial Souvenir of Rev. J anon I,ee, ed -ited
by F. H. Grubbs. The J. K. Gill
Co., Portland.
People who attended the re-Inter
ment In the Lee Mission Cemetery at
Balem. last -June, of the remains of
Jason Lee, Oregon's first dnd possibly
greatest missionary pioneer, wished
they had in more permanent form than
in the daily reports of newspapers an
account of what was said and done on
that historic occasion. Other citizens
who had not the good fortune to at
tend the ceremonies also voiced a simi
lar demand, and in response, Mr.
Grubbs has collected the various
speeches then delivered and has added
other interesting matter. The result
of his labors appears in this well
bound and conveniently arranged vol
lime of 73 pages, and its -appearance
will meet a lorig-felt want.
Even those of us who are recent ar
rivals In Oregon are interested enough
a in the life of this doughty Canadian
American missionary to wish to keep
on our book-shelves at home a volume
that tells so eloquently of the old Ore
gon that Is reincarnated in the new.
Among the pictures given are those of
jtevt Jason Lee( Lee Mission Cemetery,
f
Oregon Institute, th first dwelling
built in Salem in 1842, and the old Mis
sion House on the Willamete River,
where dwelt the two Lees, Jason and
Daniel, Cyrus Shapard and other his
toric pioneers.
Mr. Grubbs, you have performed a
public service.
The Vaee in the Girandole: A Romanre of
Old Furniture, by William Frederick Dix,
lllustcated, $2. Moffat, Yard & Co., New
York City, and the J. K. Gill Co., Port
land. There's a class of new American
young men looming up in current fic
tionyoung men who might be de
scribed as belonging to the "honk"
family, because they are rich, idle, tear
aimlessly in motor cars over the coun
try, possess rich aunts, and marry
heiresses. They neither work, nor
do they spin. And they are good to
themselves. The young man told about
in these attractively decorated pages
is another of these luckyf idle, rich
individuals, but he tells a most amus
ing story leavened with elegant, de
licious humor. He has an aunt, a Cyn
thia, a motor car, and more money
than he knows what to do with. To
pass the time more swiftly, he becomes
interested in antique furniture 'and
weaves an air of romance around his
occupation that is worth reading about.
The scenes are mostly laid among peo
ple of leisure in New York, Boston and
Salem, Mass. Just the kind of a book
to read as It rests on a marble-topped
table, with a perfumed cigarette
handy.
Honre do Balzac, by th late Ferdinand
Brunetiere. $!.:. J. B. Lipplncott Co.,
Philadelphia. Pa. ,
If the reader on first examining this
volume hones to be made acquainted with
a biography of Honore de Balzac, the
great French, novelist, he will be disap
pointed. No dry, matter-of-fact account
of Balzac's life work Is given, but rather
a mirror of the man, and a most sympa
thetic study of his work as seen In his
novels. Balzac Ls more than a simple
entertainer, and Monsieur Brunetiere as
serts that Balzac has a right to the name
of philosopher and thinker. Such sub
jects are discussed as: The modern novel
before Balzac;, the historical significance,
aesthetic value and social bearing of
Balzac's novels; and Balzac's place in
literature.
Monsieur Brunetiere, who" recently died
in Paris, was a member of the - French
Academy, editor of the Revue des Deux
Mondes. and the author of numerous
critical and historical works on literature.
The present brilliant book belongs to the
'French Men of Letters" series, edited by
Alexander Jessup, Litt. D.
Glimpses of Italian Court TJfe, by Tryphosa
Hates Batcheller, illustrated. Doubleday,
Page & Co., New York City, and the J. K.
Gill Co., Portland.
An unusually handsome volume, de
scribing scenes and happenings in
Italy rarely written about and far from
the usual beaten paths. The story is
charmingly told in a series of letters
commencing in December, 1904, and
ending in February, 1906, and at the
conclusion of these is given a graphic
history of the house of Savoy. The
letters are written just as an educated
woman would Indite them, gossipy
without being cheap, and finished in
detail without being wearisome. Ital
ian city and village life is 'attractively
described, but the best word pictures
given are the glimpses caught of roy
alty and Italian aristocracy. The va
rious pictures are unusually good, the
book Itself being dedicated to Queen
Elena of Italy.
The Story of Focabontat and Captain John
Smith, told and pictured by . K. Boyd
Smith, illustrated, $i!.r0. Houghton, Mlf
fltn & Co., Boston, and the J. K Gill Co.,
Portland. '
Very many boys and girls have longed
for a story, told in simple language, de
scribing the deeds of Captain John Smith,
of early Johnstown fame, and the Indian
Princess Pocahontas a pleasant tale
such as the ordinary histories do not
give. And lo! here Is the very thing
in beautiful colored pictures; historically
correct In every detail; artistic In con
ception; and very welcome In view of the
preparations now nearing completion for
the celebration of the 300th anniversary of
the settlement of Jamestown. Quite a
unique holiday gift, the hanflsome book,
measuring 12 inches by 9 inches. Mr.
Smith's delightful talent In making chil
dren happy by his book magic is well
remembered from his previous story of
"Noah's Ark," published last year.
lr. Owens-Adalr: Some of Her Life Experi
ences. Illustrated. Mann & Beach and the
J. K. Gill Co., Portland.
As a woman, physician, public speaker
and writer. Dr. Owens-Adair has had a
career so noteworthy and useful to her
day and generation that her autobiogra-1
phy has all the charm of a novel. For
her life has been an unusual one; the
experiences which fate has dealt out to
her have surely fallen to the lot of few
women.
Although pr. Owens-Adair was born in
If"1!
4 -J
fell'- t
the year 1S40, In Van Burea County, Mis
souri, she must be considered as a
daughter of Oregon, for her father and
mother crossed the plains with her In
the first emigrant wagons of 1843, and
settled in Clatsop County, Oregon, near
the mouth of the Columbia River. . She
goes on to say: ,
My grandmother Owens was of German
descent, a rather small, but executive wom
an, who took charge of and ably admlnis
tered the affairs of the plantation during my
grandfather's absence which was most of
the time. She was precisely the kind of
woman President Roosevait most admires a
woman of energy. Industry and capability
In managing her home affairs, and the
mother of 32 children, all of whom grew to
maturity, married and went on giving vig
orous sons and daughters to this young and
growing republic.
Think of a girl being married at about
14 years old! Yet this is what happened
to Dr. Owens-Adair. She was twice mar
ried. In speaking of her domestic af
fairs she does so with courage and ster
ling fidelity, and It is instructive to note
the wise fortitude and calmness with
which she met tribulations. Would that
we could all do so, and thereby follow
the example of this honored Oregon pi
oneer In rising superior to the petty ills
of daily life. Beginning with household
work In her father's house, the future
physician became a farmer's wife, and
was successively a school teacher, a mil
liner, and a physician. , Ofter her path
was through tears, anguish and abuse,
but the dauntless spirit of the woman
kept .on. In preparing such a helpful
book. Dr. Owens-Adair desired to assist
In the preservation of the early history
of Oregon and t6 show how pioneer
women labored and struggled to gain an
entrance Into the various avenues of in
dustry and to make it respectable to earn
her honest bread by the side of her
brother, man. This promise has been
fulfilled to the letter.
Dr. Owens-Adair's reminiscences of
early Portland where she made her home
for a number of years are most inter
esting, and the same remark applies to
Astoria.- Her book, of 637 pages, is also
valuable for its sketches and portraits
of Oregon pioneers whose lives have been
entwined with the best Interests of the
Pacific Coast.
This is emphatically a book worth read
ing. There isn't a dull page anywhere.
Suzanne, by Lilly an Shaffner. Illustrated.
$1.50. The Monarch Book Co., Chicago.
Based on the socialistic movement and
embracing several other live issues of the
day. as reflected In Chicago society, this
novel Is original in conception, and daring
in construction.
The leading character, a minister of the
gospel, loses his fashionable congrega
tion through his altruistic desire to serve
the people. The woman in the story
walks In complex paths, and the con
clusions reached are more than ordinarily
Interesting.
Heroes of Progress In America, by Charles
Morris. Illustrated. $1.25. J. B. Lipplncott
Co., Philadelphia.
Would that this Instructive book could
be placed in the hands of all our immi
grants, particularly those young men and
women among" the number destined, to do
their share in moulding American life.
Here are 45 chapters, each one present
ing a viewpoint of Americans who are
famous in peace and war. The first
sketch deals with Roger Williams and
the last with Booker T. Washington. The
men and women chosen for Illustration
are- generally representative.
J. M. Q.
IX LIBRARY AND AVORKSHOP.
With the. publication of bis "Random
Rhymes and Old Numbers," Wallace Irwin
seems at least to have Joined the ranks ot
the "classic" writers of light verse. Young
as he is, he has already been compared with
many of the masters of English humor, such
as Edward Lear, W. g. Gilbert and Owen
Seaman.
Hesketh Prlchard, who with his mother
wrote "The Chronicles of Don Q." is a young
man of 30, and he has traveled In Patagonia,
Haytl, Newfoundland, Labrador and many
other countries. His characters In "The
Chronicles" are drawn from persons met dur
ing stays In Spain and Spanish America,
when as a sportsman he brought home many
trophies.
m
On the outside of the church at Yarrow,
built In 1640, has been placed a tablet with
the names of the ministers. Including that
of Rev. Dr. John Rutherford, the maternal
great-grandfather of Sir Walter Scott. A
memorial brass has been placed Inside to
Scott, who accaslonally worshipped In this
church when at Ashestiel, and another has
been erected In memory of James Hogg, the
Ettrlck Shepherd.
A recent publication In the series of Co
lumbia University Oriental Studies is "Old
Babylonian Temple Records," by Robert J.
Lau, Ph D. The materia) for this volume
was derived from the collection of Baby
lonian tablets In the collection of Columbia
University, it Includes a full catalogue of
all the inscriptions in the collection, the
contents of 258 tablets, a sign list and glos
sary, and reproductions of 01 tablet.
On the outside of the church at Yarrow,
built in 1640, has been placed a tablet with
the names of the ministers, including that
of Rev. Dr. John Rutherford, the maternal
great-grandfather of Sir Walter Scott.- A
memorial brass has been placed inside to
Scott, who occasionally worshiped In this
church when at Ashestiel. and another has
bcn erected in memory of James Hogg, the
Ettrlck shepherd.
A third and revised edition of Thomas
Kirkup's "A History of Socialism," is Just
published, and Is one of the most important
English contributions to socialist literature.
The work is an attempt to set forth the
leading phases of historic socialism, and to
criticise and interpret the movement as a
whole. The author Is one of the leading
English authorities on socialism, and wrote
the articles on this subject which were pub
lished in the Ninth Edition of the Encyclo
paedia Brlttanlca.
Among all the writers about animal life,
no one has recently been more successful
than Ernest Ingersotl in striking the happy
mean between dry scientific accuracy and ir
responsible entertainment. Mr. Ingersoll's
book on "The Life of Animals," which is of
undisputed scientific value, is also as inter
esting as many a novel, while his recently
published story for children, Elght Secrets,
contains many bits of animal lore that may
be depended on for accuracy.
Lady Angela Forbes is perhaps the least
known of the brilliant group of sisters head
ed by Lady Warwick. For some time "The
Visits of Elizabeth" was ascribed to her
pen, but so far she has not followed her
sister, the Duchess of Sutherland, into the
held of literature. She is a keen sports
woman and some years ago founded tha
White Scottish Terrier Club, for, like many
smart ladles, she Is a connoisseur where
dogs are concerned and has a far-famed
kennel which has turned out many winners.
Ferdinand Brunetiere, who died December
9, at Paris, was the author of "Honore de
Balzac." the second volume In the "French
Men of Letters" series. Just published, was
editor of the "Revenue des Deux Mondes,"
and had a world-wide reputation as a liter
tv Title and essayl?'-.. He was born at
Tulon, July 10, 1840, and was educated at
Marseilles and Paris. He was a member of
the French Academy, and his publications
Include critical and historical contributions
to French literature, a history of lyric
poetry, and many essays upon philosophical
and religious subjects. His work, "The
Naturalistic .Novel." has achieved the dis
tinction of being crowned by the French
Academy. It seems peculiarly appropriate
that Brunetiere, who was a great French
critic, should write a volume upon the
greatest French novelist.
A controversial critical biography of Jean
Jackues Rosseau, written by Frederika Mac
donald. and Just published in two volumes,
declares that Rousseau's character was de
liberately and systematically blackened by
Grimm and Diderot, who Interpolated slan
derous stories about him in the manuscript
of Mme. Eplnay's Memoirs and wronged his
reputation in other ways. Miss Macdonald
seeks to clear his name of many of the dark
clouds that have settled upon It, and the
following extract will Indicate her claims:
"The purpose is to establish by newly-discovered
historical evidence a fact whlcn,
presented as a theory, has been pronounced
too improbable to deserve serious considera
tion the fact, viz., that, as the result of a
conspiracy between two men of letters, who
were his contemporaries, an entirely false
reputation of Rousseau has been handed
down to us. Condemned by the voice of
public opinion in his own day, and by the
decision of the best minds in the generation
after his own, this false reputation gained
acceptance in an epoch when the last of
Rousseau's contemporaries had disappeared.
And it now serves as the foundation of the
accepted doctrine of his repulsive person
ality, adopted by his best known French and
English biographers."
Striking names for articles of merchandise
are constantly In demand, and the success
of a new breakfast food, toothpowder or
novel depends nowadays largely upon the
genius behtnd the name. - It appears that
Imitation enters Into commercial nomencla
ture as into other branches of ' business.
Soon after Meredith Nicholson's novel. "The
House of a Thousand Candles," was launch
ed, a railway paraphrased the' name to suit
its own needs as "The Road of a Thousand
Wonders." Two candy manufacturers In
widely separated cities have lately been
advertising "The House of a Thousand
Candies." A well-known Summer resort ho
tel has proclaimed Itself far end wide "The
House of a Thousand Delights." Mr. Nichol
son had, nrst of all, the quick " perception to
draw on Japanese sources for his primary
idea In the title of his novel.
One of the Amlsh settlements In Pennsyl
vania Is the soene of the Incidents and ad
ventures chronicled in "The Dear Old Home"
by Sarah E. Ambler, and both boys and girls
will find much enjoyment In the story. Two
city children. Serena and Dick, make a long
visit to their grandmother,- and become ac
quainted with and attached to two Pennsyl
vania Dutch children, Bepple and Pharaoh.
The quartet have all sorts of fun, and one
or two adventures. No boy can fall to be
come excited when he reads the chapter
telling how Dick, riding behind a half-broken
colt named King Belnhazzar at the coun
ty fair, breaks the track record after being
defeated twice. Aside from the gentle hu
mor of the story, It gives an Idea of. tho
customs and habits of the Amish sect and
of a section of the country which most
children know little or nothing about.
A new record for fast printing tras made
in the publication of the "Hohenloho Mem
oirs." The American publishers of the Eng
lish, translation, recerved the final 'copy."
consisting of the entire second volume, on
the evening of November litl, and It was In
the hands of the printers early the follow
ing morning. The books are of large octavo
size, the second volume containing 619
pages, or approximately 250,000 words. Each
of the operations of putting such a book
into type, reading proof, making electrotype
plates, printing and binding, would ordin
arily take perhaps a week. To add Im
mensely to the difficulties in this case, the
page references in the index had to be In
serted from the page proofs after comparison
with the German edition. With this handi
cap, and in spite of the intervening holiday,
complete bound copies of the two volumes
were In the hands of the publishers Novem
ber 80. No other book of such size and Im
portance has ever been produced with any
thing like this speed. That the unusual ef
forts were not uncalled for Is proved by the
fact that the first edition was entirely ex
hausted on the day of publication.
.
The Emperor of Germany has been very
much worried recently. An ill-advised young
man, Prince Alexander of Hhenlohe-Schill-ingsfurst.
has published the memoirs of his
father, the late imperial chancellor, which
made public facts about the private Hfo of
German rulers and statesmen and home and
foreign politics. And as a result of the
Kaiser's Indignation, Prince Alexander has
tendered to the Imperial statthalter of Alsace-Lorraine
his resignation of the post of
president of the district of Upper Alsace. In
offending Emperor William, however, by tho
publication of a book, the princely culprit
does not stand alone. Not many months
back the Kaiser was very indignant because
of the publication In German of a book en
titled "The Confessions of a Princess," said
to be from the pen of ex-Crown princess
Louise of Saxony, who, it will be remem
bered, left her husband, now King Frederick
Augustus of Saxony, to elone with Andre
Glron, a tutor of her children.1 "The Con
fession of a Princess" dealt with the wretch
ed and scandalous dally life of various royal
houses on the continent. When the news
of the volume's publication reached the
Emperor William's ears he ordered all copies
to be seized and destroyed, and forbade edi
tors of newspapers, under pain of imprison
ment, to review or mention It. In times
gone by monarchs gave short shift to the
authors of books that offended them. The
Burbons. for Instance, did not scruple about
paying assassins to "remove" those writers,
such as the gifted Paul Courier, whose works
displeased them.. Nor did the great Napoleon
hesitate at all In shooting or hanging the
unhappy author who crossed his path. Cm
one occasion ha executed the publisher
one named Palm, of NUrnberg of a book at
tacking him because that Individual refused
to disclose the name of Its author.
The two volumes that contain the "Per
sonal and Literary Letters of Robert, First
Earl of Lytton," edited by his daughter.
Lady Betty Balfour, have for their primary
purpose "the setting forth as truthfulfy
end vividly as possible the human person
ality of the writer, his thoughts, feelings,
opinions and outlook on the world," and
secondarily the exposition of his literary
work. From a cursory examination of the
book, it Is evident that filial affection rather
than critical appreciation Is the dominant
quality of Lady Betty's work. Largely In
the form of a record, however, the two vol
umes give a view of Lord Lytton's life that
loses nothing of exactness because It has
come from the perhaps too sympathetic
hands of a daughter. In the first place it
outlines a picturesque and varied career. A
mere glance at the chapter titles shows that
the diplomat is a wanderer upon the face of
the earth, for between the first and the last
pages we follow Lord Lytton from his Eng
lish boyhood home and school to New York
and Washington, to Florence, Paris, The
Hague, Vienna, Copenhagen, Athens, Lis
bon, Madrid, India and back to Paris again.
The public mind that knows Lord Lytton
better as Owen Meredith, the author of
"Lucille," than as tho diplomat and poli
tician, also knows him as the son of his
father, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, novelist and
man of the world. Some portion of the first
chapter of this biography is given over to
Bulwer, to his wife and to their matrimonial
difficulties, and occasionally throughout the
correspondence there are letters written
from various parts of the world, to his
father. Robert Lytton was born In London
'November 8, 1831, and his childhood, days
were spent partly at Acton and partly in
London. He was educated at Harrow, under
private tutors, and at Bonn In Germany,
and the beginning of his diplomatic career
was made at the age of 23, when he became
an unpaid attache to the, embassy at Paris.
His education had- been desultory and ill
regulated for an English youth of his social
standing and quality, and although he might
have become a scholar and a powerful liter
ary Influence, he was apparently satisfied
to remain a dllettant and a third-rate poet.
Now Professor Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
asserts that he has "found the sources of
"Baroh Munchausen," alias "Baron Krach."
whom many of us, and our fathers and
grandflres, were wont to enjoy in youth.
After the recent taboo of Greek by a con
temporary, says on exchange, we can only
with bated breath confess that one of the
Baron's prototypes Is Antfphanes, of Berge.
Now "Berge is a village in the land of the
Blsaltlans, as thou goest up stream along
the Strymon, distant from Amphlpolls about
200 stades," as Strabo says. And another,
whom It is perhaps wicked to mention In or
out of Parliament one Stephen of Byzan
tium says that "to be n man of Berge is
to speak nothing true." Pytheas and Euhe
meros were good liars, .but nothing to Anti
phanes, who traveled In the north. It was
In the southernmost south, however, that
the others found most matter fo leesing.
The city Is anonymous In which Antlphanes
"heard the sounds (in Summer) which had
ben frozen the previous Winter," in the
fourth century, B. C. Splendide mendax. Is
Antonlus Diogenes, "father of such Inven
tions," who flourished about or before
Alexander of Macedon. This Anthony's
"True History"" is so carefully compiled
that It seems not ,4to be widowed of wit
nesses," while all the time Jts Gasconlng
is in the Tartarian vein. Occasionally, how
ever, with allowance for latitude and longi
tude, he accidentally stumbles on banal
truth, such as the Midnight Sun In Thule.
Ctesias and Sammonicus seem to have
committed the same veracity. We may, per
haps, add to the "black list." Tlmaeus
and Pytheas. It Is so difficult to lie artist
ically and continuously. This tale of Thule
became so famous that "Incredible beyond
Thule," was a punning description of false
hood of that "fabled" spot, of what was to
the north of It, and of what exceeded the
stories concerning the same. To do this
last was to cap a climax. No doubt, Antlph
anes could not have Invented the whole
of the Baron, as we now have hfm. Mun
chausen Is the father of all the flotsam and
Jetsam mythological, due to two millennia
and upward. It was well, however, to show
Antlphane's part in building up the Baron;
before the tongue of Hellas Is still as Mem
non; before the Classics follow Pan into
the Silent Land, or quit the world for good,
like Astraea.
The new collected Pentland Edition of
Stevenson's works, edited with biographi
cal notes by Edmund Gosse. and just pub
lished in London, is thus described In a
recent issue 'of The Spectator: "All lovers
ot Stevenson will welcome the appearance
of this delightful edition of his works.
Though It cannot, and does not, claim to
possess the beauty of production which be
longs to the "Edinburgh Edition." the vol
umes are altogether seemly and fully worthy
of a place on the library shelf. The edi
torial notes giving an account of the con
ditions under which the various books came
PAWNSHOPS OF THIRD STREET
. Myriad Groups of Gilt Balls Mark the Numerous Banking Places
of Improvident People A Broker to Every Fifty Feet
STAND at Oak-street and look down
Third towards the . steel bridge.
What is the most conspicuous thing
you see? Is It the array of buildings,
the busy throngs or the glittering myr
iads of gilt balls that hang in clusters
of three every 40 or 50 feet?
The number . of pawnshops, on- Third
street Is alarming, especially when rioted
that all such establishments of. the city
are not concentrated on this thorough
fare; for there are many others. On an
easy average there la one for every 50
feet between Oak and Glisan streets,
each and every one designated by three
balls above the door. And moreover
every last one appears to be In pros
perous condition.
The word pawnshop is at once asso
ciated with the phrase hard times, and
since these are far from Hard times, the
utility of the pawnshop in sucli numbers
may seem difficult- to understand. But
make an equal distribution of the entire
wealth of the country, give every pau
per a fortune and an income and your
pawnshop will go right ahead doing busi
ness at the old stand. At least, that's
what the pawnbrokers say, and they
ought to know their field.
The pawnshop is the bank of the im
provident. It is the place where the
financially embarrassed person with a
gnawing appetite and no business stand
ing can convert his watch or his over
coat into a small . sum of ready cash.
For this privilege he pays- a trifling con
sideration of 10 per cent a month. , There
are places where he can get tlie money
for 5 per cent a month, but the usual
rate is 10 per cent. This is only 50 and
100 per cent a year. The man of stand
ing gets his cash from the banks for 5,
6 and 8 per cent a year, according to his
security or rating.
But the man or woman who deals with
the pawnbroker doesn't care anything
about the amount of interest. ' Money is
the need of the present moment. The
future is a thing to deal with when it
had been duly converted into the -present.
One gets $10 on his .watch. The interest
is only $1, so the "victim never thinks
of the word usury.
The class of people that frequents or
patronizes pawnshops is as varied as the
articles that are placed in "soak." There
Is the perennial improvident individual
who lets his watch out this week, his over
Into existence promise to be exceedingly In
teresting. For ourselves, we may express
a special gratitude for the strict chonologl
cal arrangement which Is to be a feature of
the edition. Such an arrangement not only
enables one to trace the development of
Stevenson's genius, but to note how iri his
very earliest publication the style which he
so laboriously and elaborately made for him
self when It does come Into existence is full
fledged. He did not pick it up as he went
along, but perfected It before he began his
voyage of authorship. There is nothing more
Stevensonlan In style than 'The Inland Voy
age which was titevenson's first book, and
therefore finds first place in the 'Pentland
Edition.' We shall reserve further criti
cism of the edition till more of the volumes
have been published, but may note here that
Mr. Gosse Intends to include In the collec
tion one or two pieces which are not to be
found in the 'Edinburgh Edition,' notably
'The Body-snatcher.' There has been somo
controversy In the press between Mr. Gosse
and Mr. Colvln In regard to the reasons
why this work was not Included in the
"Edinburgh Edition." Mr. Gosse, It appears,
is wrong In stating as he does in his pre
face that 'The Body-Snatcher' was not In
cluded owing to objections raised by Mr.
Colvln. As a matter of fact, the omission
was due tn Stevenson's own action, ap
parently induced by his fear lest inclusion
might give offense to some of his old Edin
burgh friends. In these circumstances we
cannot help thinking that It might have
been better not to have Included it In an
edition which, after all, appears at no very
great distance -of time from Stevenson's
death. The writer's grounds for exclusion,
that Is. are almost as operative now as they
were ten years ago. No one. loses any very
great pleasure by not being able to read
. . . ('The Body-Snatcher'). Though it
would be too much to say it Is unworthy of
Stevenson's pen, it can by no possibility, be
reckoned among his best work."
It is Just 40 years since Dr. Edmund
Gosse first entered the British Museum as
an assistant transcriber, soys a writer in the
Academy, and In the address which- he de
livered at the Inaugural meeting of the
library Assistants' Association at the Lon
don School of Kconomlcs. he gave some in
teresting reminiscences of the years he spent
there. Duilng a small part of this time he
served under Sir Antonio Panlzzi. or, as he
probably preferred to be called in thin
country. Sir Anthony f anlzzl. The first time
Dr. Goshg visited the museum was in the
company of Klnggley; but when, some three
months later, he took up his duties there,
he found the assistant transcribers placed
In "a horrible room, below everything, smell
ing of dry rot." The assistants were alter
nately neglected and bullied. Their favor
ite pastime was playing cricket against
the office door of the Head of the Printed
Books. Watts "wished they'd play cricket
when they knew he was out." At that time
the catalogue of the library was in a de
plorable condition and full of mistakes. This
was particularly the case In regard to the
entries in foreign languages, and the young
transcriber set to work and mastered the
tongues of Northern Europe. He then care
fully compiled a list of the corrections
necessary in the cntalogue and took It to
the chief. The chief, however, scarcely ap
preciated these well-intentioned efforts.
"Can't you mind your own business?" he
asked, as he tore tho manuscript in two and
threw the pieces into the waste-paper bas
ket. Dr. Gosce then devoted the time to
making books. And It is to these otherwise
regrettable circumstances that we owe some
of his earlier works. The inevitable end of
these conditions, which were brought about
by the tyranny of Sir Anthony Pauizzl and
those who followed after him. arrived at
length, accompanied by the usual explo
sions. The climax was brought about by
Archbishop Trench, who was turned out of
the reading room by one of the attendants.
A letter to the Times followed as a matter
cf course. But It was still some time be
fore the necessary changes were made. Re
ferring to the library of the upper house.
Dr. Gosse lamented the fire whlh in l.s;M
broke out opposite the chapel of Henry VII.
The spread of the conllagratlon completely
destroyed tho library; and there is no record
of apy kind loft of the books it then con
tained. The catalogue or the inventory of
the contents, whichever it was, was kept on
the premises, and was destroyed. The pres
ent collection .numbers some ."u,000 volumes.
The librarian of the Middle Ages wa
obliged to swear an oathfto take due care
of the books in his charge, as well as to
see that his readers observed the same rule.
"Wordsworth usually received his parcel of
books at breakfast- time and on these oc
casions he sometimes cut the leaves with a
butter-knife. Professor Morley, whose work
consisted ill a great measure of editing, had
absolutely no respect for the books he used
and tore out pages and sections and some
times gutted a book to save copying. If -we
remember Huhtly, his library, now in the
Hampstead Public Library, contains a set of
Swift's works in 23 - volumes, completely
ruined In this way.
. NEW BOOKS RECEIVED.
Heroes or the Army in America, by
Charles Morris (Lipplncott).
The Hunt of the White Elephant, by Ed
ward S. Ellis (Winston Co.).
Blue Book for 11)07, volume 14 (Tiffany &
Co.. New York).
The Religion of Cheerfulness, by Sara A.
Hubbard (McClurg).
A Century of Misquotations, by Mary B.
Dlmond, and the Auto Guest Book, by Ethel
Watts Mumford Grant and Klchard Butler
Glaenzer (Paul Elder & Co.).
The Jingle Primer, by Clara L.. Brown and
Carolyn Bailey, 30 cents; Practical Zoology,
by Alvin Davison, $1; Historie de la Mere
Michel et de Son Chat, by Emlle de la Be
dolliere, 30 cents; and High School Manual
Training in Woodwork, by Samuel E.
Ritchey, $1.45 (American Book Company).
Note: These, two books were received
through The J. K. Gill Co.- The Etiquette
of New York Today, by Mrs. Frank Lwarned,
$1,115, and Deeds of Daring Done by Girls,
by N. Hudson Moore, $1.50 (Stokes Co.).
Pigeons and turkeys have each a
natural temperature of 109 degrees,
which Is 10 degrees higher than mail's.
coat next week, his spare suit of clothes
the third week, and then, making a little
money, rescues his valuables only to be
gin pawning them within another ten
days. Then there Is the person who is
temporarily hard up who needs a few
dollars for a few days owing to a com
bination of circumstances. He puis up
some personal belonging, redeems it at
the earliest possible moment and pos
sibly never again sees the inside of the
place. Many people visit the places in
search of bargains. For when a pledge
is not redeemed at the end of 30 days it
becomes the property of the pawnbroker
to sell.
It Is generally held by those who know
of this system of forfeiture that it is
excellent subiect matter for legislation.
Other states have laws regulating the
forfeiture of articles that have been
pawned. This law compels the broker to
retain the unclaimed pledge during a
perlofl of months. Here, however, the
pledge is forfeited the day payment be
comes due. One or two of the pawn
shops are reputed to overlook a few
weeks' delay, but this is by no means
the rules frequent complaints to the
police attest.
Recently a man pawned a diamond
worth tl50 in one of the Third-street
establishments. He needed $o0 and took
no more, although offered $100. The
pawn ticket set out that the loan was
for 30 days, and that the diamond pin
could be reclaimed bv payment of 555.
.The owner was three days late In call
ing. He 'was informed that the diamond
had been sold the day before . for Jfi5.
Knowing the keeper of the place was
too shrewd to sell a $150 diamond for $155,
the victim reported the matter to the
police. While there Is no law covering a
case' of this kind; an officer who knew
the pawnbroker essayed to recover the
diamond. Rather than curry bad favor
with the police, the broker dug up the
stone.
People do their banking. In pawnshops
whom you would never suspect of It.
Hang around Thi'd street for an hour or
so and you will possibly see individuate
far more prosperous of appearance than
yourself going In to raise money. They
may want the money for a meal or for
an; automobile rifle. There are as many
things pawned for luxuries1 as for neces
sities. The well-dressed person will seldom
walk boliily up to the place. Generally
InsanityS Connection With Crime
Continued IVom
of an Individual. In France it is left
discretionary 'with the Judge, even after
It has been requested . by either of the
contending parties. In this country there
Is no uniform law, and usually an absence
of any clear or effective legislation on
the subject. vBut medical experts should
surely be called by only t'.ie court, and
should themselves Insist that they have no
Interest In the case on either side, financial
or otherwise. If cIled by either side, a
feeling of loyalty Impinging no bias,
struggles for recognition, and this is
often crystalized by the zealous lawyer
of the other side in his efforts to dis
count or deride the value of the expert's
testimony. The expert should have every
opportunity accorded him, again nnd
again, for examination of his patient,
and when satisfied as to his findings they
should not only be submitted in a written
report, but the expert should as well if
desired go upon the witness stand for
examination and cross-examination as to
the reasons upon which his conclusions
are based, the most complete analysis
being both desirable and protective. But
the principle underlying all this is that
the guilty should just as emphatically
be punished as that that the Innocent
should not be punished. And It may as
well be conceded that the community
has the same right to be protected from
repetition -of .deeds of violence from the
insane as from the sane. Shall we then
send our irresponsible Insane who have
committed crimes to the penitentiary?
Justice and humanity respond, certainly
not. The state should be provided with
a special asylum for the really dangerous
among the insane. Criminal law should
make It convenient to convict those gullty
of crime; but those not morally responsi
ble should not be similarly punished.
Without a special asylum for the latter.
Jurymen as a matter of public policy may
sometimes send them to the state prison,
reasoning that even if Insane and allowed
to go free, they remain the same element
of danger to the community as before.
Another evil Is that although escaping
punishment by being declared Insane,
they are not by the same decision re
strained from, their liberty for any defi
nite period, nor Is any proceeding In
stituted by which the public is safeguard
ed against repetition of the same deeds.'
Crime 'ot Mornial.
Crime is not normal any more than is
insanity. Insanity should be no defense
for crime" unless it be of the character
and quality constituting irresponsibility.
Society clearly has the right to protect
Itself against insane persons, even if the
methods necessarily employed incidentally
punish them. We now punish the insane
by depriving them of their liberty, of
which they almost always bitterly com
plain, and by subjecting them to an
essential asylum discipline, which is best
for their own good.
Then, in the name of all that is just
and reasonable, why should not a per
son who is Inaine, and who in addition
reveals a tendency to commit mur
der, or other crime against society,
not bo deprived of his liberty, system
atically, securely, and for a period of
suitable duration? Why in the inter
ests and from the Just demands of so
ciety should the false plea of insanity
as a defense for the commission of
crime be permitted to offer a loophole
of escape, when the necessity is as
real and strong for protection fronf
Injury from insane persons as from
ordinary criminals? A separate asy
lum for the criminal insane would re-
I ceive them, be prepared to guard them
carefully against others and against
themselves. One attack of insanity
predisposes to another; some of the
most dangerous forms, such as par
anoia, are recognized as incurable,
lasting throuKh life; therefore, from
the very nature of the disease a pot
son having committed a dangerous
crime from lack of volition control
should as a, rule be depriveckof oppor
tunity to repeat the deed throughout
the remainder of his life. And it Is
right in this connection that tha aver
age asylum superintendent is not
adapted by his training and physical
impulses to alone carry the responsi
bility of saying when the Insane crim
inal shall be discharged. His Impulses
and tendencies quite properly Impel
him to the direction of giving free
dom to the captive as son as his re
turning reason and responsibility will
justify the act. He should be empow
ered to make a report embodying his
findings, and these to be submitted to
the proper court for Judicial determi
nation, in the light of the crime com
mitted, the personal history of the pa
tient, and the form or classification
of the insanity. Or, perhaps better
still, this asylum should have manage
ment independent of that for the or
dinary insane, and be a part of, or
connected with, the judicial or police
department of the state. As to their
medical care It is conceded by asylum
authorities that no properly conducted
he will seek out the private entrance In
the real1 or else pace up and down tha
street until sure none .of his friends are
thereabouts. He Is not proud of his mis
sion. When he has passed his watch or
ring over the counter he will walk boldly
out, trying to look unconcerned as he Jin
gles the newly achieved wealth In hl;
pocket.
Very often it is a woman. She will ho
as cautious about going' In as a wild duck
hovering over a strange pond. After cir
cling about the place half a dozen times
she will suddenly, slink within, timorously
present her valuables and make most any
kind of a ceal the shrewd pawnbroker
?es fit to drive. She may want the
money to pay her board bill, to buy a new
fur that lias struck her fancy, or to pay
part of her husband's funeral expenses.
The most common and 'most frequent
patron is the roughly clad worker, who
lumbers his way inside with an easy con-;
science. He parts with his watch or hiV
overcoat or anything else that represents
value. He is the typical improvident. Tho
chances are he has been working for the
pust 20 years at fair wages and now parts
with his overcoat for a half dollar. And
as likely as not he'll spend this half dol
lar at one throw, treating some barroom
throng to a round of beer.
To raiiae a fuw cents of ready coin tha
greatest variety of things- are offered.
Article can often be found In the pawn
shop that are not to be had at large de
partment store. Musical Instruments,
jewelry, clothing, ornaments, curios, old
coinrf, umbrellas, canes, hats and what
not. There Is a story afloat of a cripple
who pawned his crutches for a dollar,
npent the dollar for beer and navigated
thereafter on a pair of makeshift crutches
constructed by his own hands.
The pawnbroker's business Is affected
by the time of month and week. Tho
middle and latter part of both week and
month sees the greatest number of bor
rowers at hand, while the first of the
month and week finds them in evidence
redeeming their belongings. The advent
of paydays accounts for this.
The profit In the business is a matter
the pawnbroker is not prone to discuss
at leant not with any degree of accuracy.
However, his usurious rate of interest
and the sale of unredeemed pledges whiel
were secured for a mere fraction of th5
real value, must net a comfortable reve
nue. Prosperous pawnbrokers are the
rule, rather than the exception.
Pago Forty-Six
insane asylum can be cared for with
loss than one physician to eacli 20't
patients, find there certainly should
not be less in treating this class!
Relapsing or habitual criminals also,
frequently victims of moral paresis,
who now escape with limited sentences
because the crime and not tho crimi
nal is on trial, should be placed In
prolonged seclusion because of their
lack of self-control, and by this inde
terminate sentence, crime, public dan
ger and expense would ail be min
imized. To flippantly say that it matters lit
tle which place insane criminals are
sent to, so long as tlicy are out' of tho
way, is Injustice to the point of inhu
manity, for inscribed over the portals
of the penitentiary is the vicious word
"crime," while over the asylum for the
Insane is the explanatory word "dis
ease." But there Is another reason for a
special asylum for the insane. Inof
fensive cases of insanity are unavoid
ably Jeopardised by the present sys
tem, as many of the victims are thus
thrown among them. Interfering with
order and personal safety. When the
state takes charge of such Inoffensive
persons they are certainly entitled to
protection from avoidable stute dan
gers. If. then, the innocent can be better
shielded from punishment and tho stig
mata of crime, opportunity and temp
tation for real criminals to sham in
sanity and escape Justice be practical
ly removed, society safely be strength
ened and safeguard is it not a wpecies
of criminal neglect to stand back and
say, "our present system Is good
enough?"
From the preceding the following
are formulated:
First There are persons who by
heredity or environment are atrophied,
or otherwise effected physically, moral
ly or Intellectually, whereby they have
attenuated, or absent, responsibility
for commission of crime.
Second Society defense and criminal
reformation should on the Rulding
principles, rather than trie infliction
of punishment as such, and the char
acter of the individual and. if ho be
insane, of his insanity, as well as of
his crime, should determine the quality
and duration of the sentence.
Third The power to do or forbear
doing the alleged criminal act is prop
erly Joined witn the knowledge of
right and wrong, as a test of responsi
bility for crime.
Fourth Experts. as witnesses,
should not be allowed to either tho
prosecution or defense, but should be
called by the court when desired,
thereby removing any possible parti
san prejudice or bias in the opinions
of the experts.
Fifth For the criminal Insane, also
criminals who develop Insanity subse
quent to notable crime, and persons
already committed as insane In the or
dinary asylums, who there commit
crimes for -- these there should bo a
separate asylum, under special man
aftement, maintained in every common
wealth. I Do Don't You?
Isabel Eccleston Mackay in Ft. Nicholas,
"Summer." said- the humming Kee,
"Summer is the time for me!
Richest fields of luscious clover,
Hney-cups all brimming -over.
Not a cloud the long day through!
I like Summer best don't you?"
Paid the-flaintv Prlmrnfe sweet:
"Summer I the time of heat.
In the Spring when birds are calling
And. the crystal rain is falling
M the worM Is cool and new!
I like Springtime best don't you?"
Said the Apple: "Not at all.
There's no senson like the Kail!
Golden rkles thro eoft mists glowing
Where the golden-rod is growing.
Reaping done and harvest through
I like Autumn best don't you?"
Bald the Holly: "It Is clear
Of all seasons of the year
Winter is the best and dearest.
Winds are stlllost. skies are clearest
Snowballs, sleigh rides. Christmas Whewl
I llk Winter best don't you?"
Drudgery.
Appleton's.
Dull drudgery: "gray angel of success";
Enduring purpose, waiting long and lung(
Headache or heartache, blent with sign
or song;
Forever delving 'mid the strife and stress:
Within the bleak confines of your duress
Are laid the firm foundations, deep and
strong.
Whereon men build the right against tha
wrong.
The toll-wrought monuments that lift and
bless.
The coral reefs, the bee's overflowing cells:
The pyramids; all things that shall en
dure; The books on books wherein all wisdom
dwells.
Are formed with plodding patience, slow
and ure.
Yours the time-tempered fashioning that
spells
Of chaos, order, perfect and secur