38
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, . OCTOBER - 7, 1906.
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JUIO WILL, lit.
THE DISTINGUISHING
FEATURE OF THE
JAMESTOWN
TERCENTENNIAL
NEXT YEAR
NORFOLK. Vt, Oct. 1. (Special Cor
respondence of The Sunday Oregon
Ian.) Push and progress are every
where in evidence In the work, of prepara
tion for the world's greatest military,
naval and marine exposition, officially
known as the Jamestown Ter-Centennlal
Exposition, which will open Its gates on
the shore of Hampton Roads, near Nor
folk, the 26th of next April. The location
of the exposition on the shore of this
famous waterway affords unrivaled op
portunity for marine and naval features,
and It is in this direction that the James
town celebration will be distinctly differ
ent from any exposition yet held. Prac
tically every great nation of the world
has agreed to send ships of war, . soldiers
and marines to take part In the military
and 'naval maneuvers. Added to these
events, the historical setting of the cele
bration and the social side of the enter
prise, will make up an exposition such
as has been held nowhere else. "Not like
other expositions" might be the motto of
the Jamestown Ter-Centennlal.
With the arrival of October, the grounds
are rapidly undergoing great changes, and
what was but an unattractive section of
wild weeds has become a pretty park,
beautified with flowers and shrubs and
trees of many varieties. An immense drill
ground for military parades and maneu
vers, containing 25 acres, is ready to re
ceive the troops of all nations in the bril
liant military contests. The waters of
Hampton Roads, sufficient to accommo
date the navies of the world, are near
at hand, the Exposition grounds extending
to the bay.
From the grounds two large piers are
to be built out Into the bay a distance of
240O feet, with a breadth of ioOO feet. They
are Joined at the outer end by a cross
pier 1200 feet long by 200 wide. Between
these piers is a water space 1S0O feet long
by 800 feet In width, reached by boats
from the hay through high-arched bridges
Village Devoted to Handwork.
The Arts and Crafts "Village, one of the
most picturesque features of the Expo
sition, is completed. The. Pocahontas
Hospital, near this village, was the first
building on the grounds ready for occu
pancy. The model school and the Textile
building are all finished.
The Model School is 36 by 46 feet, the
Textile building 88 by 53 feet, the copper,
silver and woodworking shop is 137 by 44
feet, the iron shop rs 48 by 75 feet, the
Pottery building 48 by 50 and the Moth
ers' and Childrens' building Is 60 by 100
feet. The several work shops of the
Arts and Crafts Village, as their name
implies, will produce the artistic han'JI
work of skilled labor, as it was done In
the early days, before the advent of ma
chinery. Wool and cotton carding, spin
ning and weaving as done In the colonial
days, will be exhibited in the Textile
building, and the making of fancy . pot
tery, articles of silver, copper and wood
work of all kinds will be shown in the
other buildings.
This pretty village, modeled after the
buildings of three centuries ago, will
contain many attractive as well as In
structive features, and setting back among
the trees and flowers In one of the pret
tiest parts of the grounds, it cannot fail
to excite the admiration of all visitors.
Some of the Fine Buildings.
The magnificent Auditorium and Hall
of Congresses, whose massive walls ..ave
assumed shape and style, is 160 feet wide
and Its extreme length is 236 feet, with
wings 62 feet deep and an auditorium 88
by 139 feet. This building is brick, ine
central feature of it will be the Adminis
tration hall, the general plan of which
is similar to some of the old state Capi
tols of Colonial days. Little panes of
glass will form the windows, the caps of
which will be decorated with French
trellis work, sb affected 300 years ago,
while the columned front supports a dome
of French Renaissance style. This build
ing will be the first of the large Expo
sition palace to be finished, and will be
one of the most attractive structures on
the grounds.
Two more of the large exhibit buildings
are already under construction, each of
which will be 2S0 feet wide and 530 feet
in length. The Art and History building
will be completed early in the Fall. It
will be In two sections, each 124 by 129
feet, and will be connected by a fireproof
arcade with the Auditorium building.
More than a million plants, shrubs
and trees are already growing upon
the grounds, and with their beautiful
foliage and the brilliant coloring of
millions of flowers, a scene of pic
turesque grandeur is presented, vlelng
in magnificence with the fabled visions
of a paradise. .
Landscape Beauties.
The landscape work in preparing for
the Jamestown Exposition presents a
valuable object lesson to the farming
world. The groat transformation of a
rough woods and marshy land into a
paradise of beauty, the transplanting
of thousands of trees and shrubs of
every description -and the perfect
drainage of large tracts of land at
comparatively small expense might be
studied to advantage by all who may
have occasion to improve their homes
and farms.
Jn preparing the grounds for the ex
position more than 1000 acres were
drained In order to escape all possible
risk of the malarial mosquito, the en
gineers having gone beyond the expo
sition site to cut oft all sluggish water
courses which might breed mosquitos.
The sanitary conditions having been
looked after, the next purpose ot the
landscape engineers was to beautifly
the grounds.
Wherever possible the native trees
were left standing, and utilized, the
general plan being to make the streets,
walks and building sites conform to
the natural conditions, both for the
sake of economy and beauty. Entire
groves of pines were left standing to
serve as shado and to enhance the
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Jamestown Exposition:
beauty of the surroundings. Individ
ual trees were left standing at the
end of streets and walks, and wher
ever they could add to the attractive
ness of the grounds. The exposition
was planned with the view of per
manency, the plan being ultimately to
make the grounds a valuable addition
to the city.
The trees have been artistically ar
ranged. In order to produce a fine per
spective, the tall trees being nearest
and graduated in size from the point
of entrance back along Commonwealth
avenue, the leading street on the ex
position grounds. Along this wide
street are Ave rows of trees, the two
rows just outside the sidewalk are
apple, next to the apple are two rows
of red maple trees and in the center
is a row of pine oak.
Transplanting of Forests.
Many of the trees brought to the
exposition grounds had to be hauled
a long distance, and some had to be
towed across streams on specially con
structed rafts. The trees transplanted
are from. tour to 24 Inches In diameter,
and include apple, locust, wild cherry,
marie, pine oak, willow oak, mulberry,
sassafras, puulonla and flowering dog
wood. The average cost of- securing,
removing and transplanting these trees
is about $5. The largest trees cost as
high as $35 each to remov and trans
plant them, while the smaller ones cost
only aoout tl each. Among the trees
transplanted was a grove of old apple
trees, which have been planted along
the military drill and parade grounds,
forming an attractive border for the
great drill, plain, and at the same time
providing- a desirable shade for spec
tators. ' -
The method .of transplanting these
large trees has proved most success
ful, none of these having died. In
moving the big trees, trenches were
started about 30 feet away from the
tree and all of the earth was carefully
removed from the roots. The roots we.re
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then wrapped in burlap, to keep them
moist, lifted onto a tree-moving ma
chine and conveyed -to a shallow hole,
the roots being planted about the same
depth as originally and the earth being
carefully packed about the roots. The
trees are protected from being shaken
by the winds by guy wires, the surface
is well mulched and the trunks aro
wrapped with straw to prevent sun
scald.
Native plants and shrubs are being
used to fill the planting space between
the reads and walks, the same Varie
ties bting used in the zones throughout
the length of the streets in order that
there may be long lines' of color to
greet the eye when the flowers are in
bloom, and the selection of varieties
as made la such as will secure a suc
cession of fruit and flower throughout
the season.
In the center of the planting spaces
have, beln used flowering dogwood.
wild slum, calll cajrpa for the SummerJ
and violet-colored fruit for the Au
tumn. The wild rose, azaleas, baccharis
or groundsell trees, the bay berry or
wax myrtle, which is ' an evergreen
shrub in this locality, the mountain
laurel, the evergreen red bay, a most
attractive shrub and one rarely found
in cultivation, will be used extensively
in beautifying the grounds.
Outside the center belt in which the
shrubs named will constitute the decora
tions, will be used the Indian currant, the
evergreen andromedas and the ink berry.
The flowering herbs will be the marsh
mallow, the various kinds of thowort,
milk weed, golden rod, wild verbenas,
strawberry, moneywort and low ferns. In
certain sections will be seen the native
plume grass, the yucca and the Atamasco
lily. Eighty-thousand of these lilies will
be seen growing on the grounds. Alto
gether there are more than 1.000,000 plants
noTV" on the grounds, and many more are
to be added to these.
clusively in the road planting spaces, the
more attractive exotics and garden va
rieties will be used immediately about
the buildings. Including such as crepe
myrtle, gardenias, ancubasv euonymus,
ivy, Indian azaleas, yellow jasmine, mag
nolias, syrlngas and roses In many va
rieties. In this list are many flowers
which are Jiot hardy north of Washing
ton, thus making It possible to get effects
which cannot be produced further north.
One of the distinguishing features of
the landscape work of the exposition Is
the large extent to which the native
forest and shrub growth has been used,
often without transplanting, and In
many Instances by being transplanted to
other places to carry out the general plan
of the landscape designer. Many pine
trees 70 to 80 feet high, with tall, clean,
stately trunks and picturesque, massive
foliage have been left standing in rows,
towering far above the other trees on
the ground. With these stately pines
While native. tlaats;axa used Unost-ex-sl an many bqUy trees -a. foot or. jaoce la
diameter and 30 to 40 feet high, with
smooth, - gray bark, evergreen foliage
and scarlet berries. Many species of oak
trees growing on the ground have been
left standing where nature .planted them.
The most notable tree on the grounds Is
a massive live oak, four to five feet In
diameter, with a spread of over 70 feet.
This monarch of the exposition- Is sup
posed to be nearly a thousand years old.
The beautiful red bay, with its lustrous
deep green foliage, is a' conspicuous tree,
growing along the waterways, with the
holly and pine. The flowering dogwood
grows in profusion on the ground, and
there are also persimmon, red maple,
locust, sassafras, cedar, willow, elm, wild
cherry, mulberry, apple, paulonia and
other trees, some of them having - run
wild from old gardens and found grow
ing about the sites of old homes, of
which there were several on the grounds
selectea for the exposition.
The tree growth had an Important in
fluence on the building of the exposition
and the arrangement of grounds and
buildings. The roads were placed In such
a way as to pave the trees and Impart to
the buildings an agreeable landscape -setting.
Other roads were so placed as to
take advantage of individual trees as
a street terminus. Wherever roads
pass through the forest growth the
trees and shrubs were left standing,
and many of the effective vista's from
the grounds to Hampton Roads are
framed In attractive belts of these
trees. Everywhere In the reserve
spaces the tree and shrub growth has
been retained with pleasing effect, spe
cial care having been given to all of.
these details by Warren H. Manning,
the landscape designer of the Exposi
tion. Among the trees are glgantio vines.
In many Instances forming natural
shady arbors. The scuppernong grape,
with Its beautiful foliage and fragrant
flowers, the Virginia creeper, with bril
liant Autumn folage, and the trumpet
creeper, climbing up buildings and
trees, with its great scarlet' tube-like
flowers, producing a most magnificent
effect, constitute the most attractive
vines on the grounds. One of the most
interesting paths at the Exposition ex
tends for a long distance under a nat
ural arbor of these vines. There are
also many varieties of herbs, giving a
succession -oX flowers-front early .Spring
LANDSCAPE
BEAUTIES THAT
ARE POSSIBLE
ONLY W THE
LUXURIOUS FOLIAGE
OF THE SOUTH
to late Aaitumn. All of these shrubs ,
and vines will be labeled with their
botanical and common names, and a
statement of their value as things of
beauty and usefuless.
School Garden.
Another interesting feature of the
landscape work of the Exposition, ar
ranged by Mr. Manning as chief of the
department of education and social
economy, is the school garden. A large
piece of ground was set aside for this .
purpose, and 100 school children were !
given small plots of this ground, and
on April 16, under the direction of their
teachers, planted their little gardens In
vegetables. Rows of beets, peas, beans,
parsnips, parsley, carrots and nastur
tiums, aggregating 900 feet in length
for every one of these vegetables, were
planted and are being tended by, the
school children of the public school's of
Norfolk, Newport News and . Ports
mouth. These beautiful grounds are encom
passed by a fence, which Is, in itself, a
thing of Incomparable beauty. Instead of
a plain board fence, such as surrounds
most expositions, the Jamestown Expo
sition fence is a marvel of magnificence
a high wire fence completely covered wuii
brilliant flowering vines. This fence is
24 miles in length, and its entire lenpth
is like an immense green hedge, hidden
beneath the dense foliage and pretty flow
ers of the Japanese honeysuckle, the
trumpet vine and the crimson rambler
rose. The profusion of vines, leaves and
flowers serveg a double purpose, it pre
sents a pleasing sight to witness, and at
the same time effectually conceals tne
exposition grounds from view of the out
siders. It stands as a barrier of beauty
between the outside world and the most
magnificent of all expositions.
Greatest Naval Display.
Plans for what will be the greatest
naval display ever seen in the Western
Hemisphere, and probably in the world,
are now well under way. This great dig
play will occur In connection with the
Jamestown Ter-Centennlal Exposition.
Reat-Admiral P. F. Harrington, who will
carry out the Navy Department's instruc
tions in regard to the display, says that
although plans are under constant dis
cussion the project is so bijr that there
probably will be nothing definitely decided
upon an to actual programme before the
first of the year.
. But few important nations have failed
to give hearty assurance that they will
participate in making the 300th anniver
sary of the Nation's birth memorable.
Never before have there been so many
splendid specimens of naval architecture
afloat as today, and. without any doubt,
the aggregation of fighting strength mar
shaled under the eyes of Admiral Har
rington off the Jamestown Exposition
will surpass anything of the kind ever
gathered in one place. No more appro
priate place than Hampton Roads coulrl
be chosen for a naval pageant, recalling
as it does sea fights and fighters of every
era of the Nation's history, from the days
of John Paul Jones, Count Charles Hec
tor, D'Estaing and Count Joseph Paul do
Grasse, of Stewart, Preble, Truxtum, De
catur and down to the time when the
Monitor and Merrimac fought out on
these very waters a battle which changed
the naval architecture of the world from
wooden walls to the fine steel-hulled ships
of" today.
The vessels that will ride the waters of
Hampton Roads next year will be rivals
of the earthquake and the volcano in1
their capacity for destruction. They can
be fitly compared with nothing else. Any
one of the great battleships or armored
cruisers which will be seen at Jamestown
could easily supply power from its " en
gines for all uses in a city of several
thousand Inhabitants.
.Foreign Fighting Machines.
Probably the greatest ship in the line
will be the British ship Dreadnaught, Just
being finished.- This vessel Is rated by na
val experts as being equal to any two bat
tleships in existence, armed as she is with
eight 12-inch rifles. She Is of 18,000 tons
displacement and has a speed equal to
any armored cruiser. It is expected that
Great Britain will send types of every
craft in her navy to the Jamestown cele
bration, from the great Dreadnaught to
the tiny, snub-nosed, flsh-llke submarine.
France has a fine array of battleships
and armored cruisers, under the chief
command of Admiral Fournier. Among
the battleships are the Charles 'Martel.
Jauregulberry, Conde and the splendid
new 14,500-ton ship, Rcpubllque.
Among her armored cruisers are the
Ernest Renan. Jules Michelet, Suffren
and Leon Gambetta. The French naval
architects are considered among the best
in the world, and the vessels they have
built have been copied, in many features,
by architects of all other navies. The
French designers, however, surpass all
others in the construction of submarine
boats, of which class the French navy
has a large number and many types.
The Imperial German Navy, which Ad
miral Von Kooster rules, is divided into
two fleets always kept near the German
coast. It has some fine ships of the types
of the Wlttelsbach, Brandenburg. Woerth
and Kaiserin Augusta. These vessels
range in size from -12.000 to 13,000 tons.
This limit, following the lead of Great
Britain, has been recently raised to 18,000
tons.
The head of the Italian navy is Admiral
Prince Thomas of Savoy, Duke of Genoa,
a relative.- of the King of Italy: Italy
has many fine ships that have been built
under the directions of Colonel funlberti.
the. Italian designer. Among them are
the Benedetto Brin, Rcgina Margherita,
Affondatoire, Reglna Elena and others.
Austria has a highly eificient fleet that
Is considered a model by many experts.
The notable achievements of the Japan
ese navy in the recent past are too fresh
in the memory of most pctIe to make
an extended description necessary.. The
Japanese are just putting in commission,
however, two fine ships, built in England,
called the Kashima and Katori, which are
the superior of anything now In commis
sion and ahnost the equal of the British
Dreadnaught. They are of 16.500 tons and
carry In addition to four twelve Inch guns,
four ten- Inch rifles.
Russia has Bcveral fine ships being com
pleted in the Black sea and the Baltic. In
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