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PORTLAND, SUNDAY, SEPT. X. 1908.
OCR XEW JEFFERSON'IANS.
It is funny enough these days to
hear the talk of the Bryan party for
Jeffersonian Democracy, since central
ization of authority and power, which
was feared and detested by Jefferson,
has become the watchword of the par
ty that still tries to conjure with his
ti a me.
The Jeffersonian doctrine was strict
limitation of the powers of govern
ment. "The world Is governed too
much." was the principle his followers
inherited from him. Jefferson himself
was specially devoted to strict con
struction and close limitation of the
powers of the General Government.
J.Ie disliked certain features of the
Constitution, because. In his opinion,
they encroached on powers that should
belong to and be reserved to the sev
eral states.
The Constitution, in his interpreta
tion of it, did not create, a nation, but
only a league of states. "The co-states"
was a phrase continually falling from
his pen. Of his exposition of our sys
tem of government, adopted by his
party and maintained by it during two
generations, secession was held to be
the logical outcome, and to It the
great Civil War was largely due.
But now,' in the name of Jefferson,
extension of the powers of the General
Government, on a scale and to a length
beyond the dreams of any advocate of
the political philosophy of Hamilton
dreaded and denounced by Jefferson as
subversive of all local liberty and gov
ernment by the people is proposed by
tho present idolized leader of the
party descended from Jefferson. True,
there Is objection within the party;
and so there was objection within it
10 the Bryan programme of 1896. But
he carried the party with him then,
and probably will again, for he will
have the whole West and South, and
much support at the East also, since
In the East there Is a growing class
that has a tendency towards experi
mental or theoretical Socialism, based
on the study of dilettanti, who think
they have the secret of the Socialistic
philosophy and Its scientific method. ,
The Democratic party is of course
eager for victory; Its enthusiasm was
dampened in 1904, by the nomination
of Parker as an opposite to Bryan;
now it returns to Bryan, with a re
bound; the "radical" against the "con
servative" element again has sway,
and desire of party victory will lead
many who formerly rejected Bryan to
accept him now. He will be a formid
able candidate perhaps more formid
able than before and no one can say
that his election is an unlikely thing.
But how far the man Is leading his
party away from Jefferson! One has
but to reflect a little on the conse
quences of putting the mightiest prop
erty and industrial interest of the
United States into the hands of gov
ernment, to conclude that there could
be no other scheme so potent for cen
tralization of power and transforma
tion of our whole political and social
system.
Perhaps these are the results that
may be wanted. We shall learn, by
waiting upon the will of the people.
But to call It Jeffersonian Democracy!
MAf.UI.AVS PREDICTION. '
Today The Oregonian reprints once
more Macaulay's celebrated prophecy
of evil for democracy in the United
. States. Are we tending towards the
ends indicated therein? By what
stages and how fast?
Accentuation of the differences be
tween the rich and the poor. In our
country, due largely to the avarice of
the rich, seems to most observers to
be pushing on fast to the catastrophe so
dismally predicted. Again, as popula
tion increases there is less and less
room on new lands, and relief from
that quarter will presently cease. It
has almost ceased now. Our land
thieves have been hastening the crisis,
and the land trials in Portland supply
at once a retrospect and a forecast.
Beyond question. In every prosperous
land there must be grades of life from
the highest to the lowest, from the
richest to the poorest. Those occupy
ing the so-called higher stations, and
In particular the wealthy class, will
.always be In the minority, because the
great mass or majority of the people
will, from .one cause or another, fail
to accumulate, and misfortunes and
disadvantages of many kinds will ren
der a large proportion poor, or allow
them but little or moderate means. In
all civilized nations, if prosperity
comes. It will, as humankind now ex
ists, always be through some men
leading In business life, building up
fortunes for themselves and develop
ing large projects; but the natural
Jealousy In the minds of the unsuc
cessful Is an element that always ap
pears, and must be reckoned with. It
would not, however, become very seri
ous at any time if men who attain to
wealth and power show some spirit of
unselfishness and proper recognition of
their responsibilities.
Cou'.d we get this result we should
keep down the prejudice and the envy
that mark these class differences. It
Is the testimony of history that the
people never rise without cause. Wealth
is necessary; there is no complaint
against wealth, in Itself. Upon the
spirit In which it Is used will depend
very much the course of events In our
country; that is to eay, whether such
predictions as those of Macaulay are
to prove false or true.
THE CTBAX CRISIS.
"We prefer an American interven
tion which would guarantee legal elec
tions for which we are contending,"
says Colonel Asbert, of the Cuban In
surgents. He also states that unless
the government accedes to the de
mands of the insurgents prior to Sep
tember 15 they will begin an active
campaign, destroying trains and burn
ing property; "without respect to for
eign ownership." This threat. If car
ried out, will have the effect of bring
ing the Insurrectionary movement in
Cuba into shape where-it can be dealt
with by stronger powers than are now
engaged. The United States has no
desire to meddle with the affairs of
Cuba so long as they are conducted
decently before the world.
Aside from the rights of our own
citizens In Cuba, the United States
can properly demand the maintenance
of peace and order in the island. When
the United States rescued. Cuba from
the withering grip of Spain and turned
it over to the Cubans themselves. It
retained certain rights which were de
fined and Incorporated in the new
Cuban constitution. Among the privi
leges retained by the United States
was one to "exercise the right -to In
tervene for the preservation of Cuban
independence, the. maintenance of a
government adequate for the protec
tion of life, property and Individual
liberty, and for discharging the obli
gations with respect to Cuba Imposed
by the treaty of Paris on the United
States now to be assumed and under,
taken by the Government of Cuba."
By this statutory declaration the
United States is now In a position,
without committing any breach of in
ternational faith, to swing the famous
"big stick," if it becomes necessary to
do so, In order to preserve the peace
In this juvenile republic There Is a
good deal of the old blood of the
guerrilla fighters, brigands and bush
whackers still coursing through the
veins of the Cubans, and this adven
turous strain is perhaps not conducive
to a peaceful submission to the Palma
government. It Is possible, even prob
able, that President Palma and his
friends have been somewhat careless
in the use of the power, which ac
crued through control of the govern
ment machinery, and, as in more en
lightened countries, the feeling of the
"outs" against the "Ins" has not been
altogether a peaceful one.
Colonel Asbert has announced his in
tention of burning and destroying
property "without respect to foreign
ownership." This quite plainly places
on the shoulders of the Palma govern
ment a responsibility which It cannot
very well escape. If It is unable to
meet the emergency and protect not
only Its own Interests but those of
foreigners as well, intervention, on the
part of the United States, becomes not
only a necessity but a duty Imposed
by the treaty of Paris. In the event
of Palma's failing to quiet the uproar
among his constituents and the pass
ing of the task to the United States,
It Is probable that there will be an
increasing sentiment for annexation of
the troublesome Island. Having rescued
the Cubans from the Spanish, it now
appears that we must rescue them
from themselves, or, strictly speaking,
from their own folly. The task is not
one which the United States is seek
ing, but. In the event of Intervention
becoming a necessity. Uncle Sam will
do the Job fairly to all Interests In
volved. AMERICA'S NAVAL REVIEW.
Compared with the powers of the old
world, the United States is still a
young country, and the American
Navy in Its present proportions is
among the youngest possessions of this
young country. But it Is moving out
of the infantile stage with a rapidity
not excelled by that of any other Na
tion on earth, not even of Japan,
which is regarded as something of a
marvel in naval development. A quar
ter of a century ago America's fighting
force at sea was so insignificant that
an American naval vessel was a rare
sight even in our home ports, while In
foreign ports it would prove a verita
ble curiosity. Today the stars and
stripes wave over a fleet of seventy
five battleships, cruisers and gunboats,
and hundreds of smaller craft, and
among the battleships and cruisers are
a number of the finest vessels of their
class that were ever constructed.
It is a Navy in keeping with the im
portance of the country that foots the
bills. In order that the people may
better realize its growing importance,
the practice. of holding occasional naval
reviews Is becoming popular. Three
years ago quite an imposing showing
was made by our naval fleet off Oys
ter Bay, . and over the same course
tomorrow there will pass in grand re
view a fleet more formidable than ever
before assembled under the American
flag. The tonnage of big fighting ma
chines In line tomorrow will be nearly
double that of the fleet of three years
ago, and will Include, among a score
of big battleships and cruisers, the
Louisiana, Georgia, Rhode Island and
Connecticut, vessels of 16,000 tons dis
placement, the equal In size, power and
6peed of any battleships afloat. The
custom of holding naval reviews is a
comparatively new one in this coun
try, probably because it Is only recent
ly that we have acquired a navy that
was worth reviewing. The custom is
an old one abroad, however, and In
Great Britain, especially, there have
been some of the most imposing naval
pageants that the world ever saw.
These naval reviews both at home
and abroad are Inspiring, not only as
spectacles pleasing to the eye, but also
as a guarantee that we are well
equipped for upholding the dignity of
the country on sea as well as on the
land. The maneuvers of a regiment of
soldiers or a well-drilled band of .po
licemen impress on beholders the power
of the government they represent. On
a larger scale similar good is accom
plished through naval parades and
maneuvers. While it Is true that all
of the people whom we should like to
have see the splendid exhibition of
power will not be at Oyster Bay with
the President tomorrow, the entire
world will have full details of the pro
ceeding. The American Navy, by its work
during the . Spanish war, has '. estab
lished its prestige throughout the
world, and the details of . this great
naval review will be " eagerly read
wherever the foreign powers are in
terested In territorial possessions. The)
tonnage, speed and fighting equipment'
of that long line Of battleships- and
cruisers, which will pass before the
President in grand review tomorrow
will impress the big powers of the
world- with the wisdom of remaining
on good terms with the country which
can put afloat such a fleet in such a
comparatively brief period.
'BRYAN AND THE ENGLISH.
Do our ears deceive us? Does Mr.
Bryan advocate an alliance with the
"ancient enemy?" Listen to this from
the Madison Square Garden address:
I am sure from the public utterance of the
present Prime, Minister of Great Britain, Sir
Henry Campbell-Bannerman, that auch a
treaty (of alliance) could be made between
the two great Knglieh-speaking nations.
Does he stop here? Nay, but he
would have the United States "take
the lead In such a movement."
Shades of the great Brians'. Is this
the man who so oft has pointed with
pride that the absence of the plebeian
"O" before his name proved him to
be a direct descendant from the great
Gaelic Kings and not of the collateral
breed? Is this the man recently feted
by the Irish parliamentary party in
London as an illustrious member of
their transplanted kin? What will the
300.000 members of the Ancient Order
of' Hibernians in the United States and
the mighty United Irish League and
the Clan Na Gael have to say to this?
Will they again burden the malls with
hundreds of petitions denouncing this
"unholy alliance?"
What are the invincible Patrick Ford
of the Irish World, Colonel John
Finerty of the Chicago Citizen, John
Devoy of the Gaelic American, John
O'Hara of the Catholic Sentinel, and
the many other Irish-American Jour
nalists, going to do about it? What
Is left for the erstwhile admirers of
the great Bryan in Portland? Will
they have another "peace meeting"
of the Marquam Grand and Alisky
Hall brand? Will they drink this gall
from the hands of the "peerless lead
er?" Will Pat Powers open up an ice
water stand? Will Hennessy Murphy
sing "God save the King?" Will Gen
eral Killfeather wear an orange bud?
Or will theyagain send for Hon. Pete
D'Arcy and, under the Irresistible In
fluence of his thunderous oratory, rise
to a man In righteous wrath and say
of the "peerless one" (the apostate
leader), "away with him, away with
him."
SUPERSTITION.
It Is believed by many of the learned
that a time will come when the human
race will have disappeared' from the
earth. Some higher order of beings
will then replace us, among whom the
follies which deform our social .order
will not prevail and who will know
nothing of the Injustice which makes
human civilization a bitter satire.
Those exalted beings will probably ex
hume the fossil bones of men from
the strata where they were entombed
with religious pomp and the semblance
of grief and endeavor, and from the
ghastly relics reconstruct the creatures
to whom they once belonged.
Some savant of that coming age will
reproduce Shakespeare from the bones
of his little finger, as Agasslz rebuilt
fishes from a single scale, and dream
ing students, in their laboratories, will
try to create anew the.; form of the
ballroom beauty from' the golden
strands which they will find mingled
with the dust that was once her starry
eyes. Where then" , will be our dis
tinctions of hph and low in society?
What will have become, of those cor
porate charters which antedate our
constitutions and are. therefore, like
the privileges of the Roman Emperors,
absolved from the Jaw? Vested rights
and vested wrongs will sleep In the
sodden clay together. The science,
which peers beyond the stars will be
forgotten, and the art which calls Itself
divine, will have gone out like a candle
In a gust of -wind.
What qualities will that higher race
possess, which we lack? And from
which of our besetting weaknesses will
they be free? It may be assumed that
most of the things which we do Avith
toil and disgust, they will accomplish
with machines. Those nauseous tasks
of cleaning, which must be done,
though, like the ancient Egyptian
trade of embalming corpses, they con
sign those who execute them to the
lowest human caste, will then be per
formed by steam or electricity or per
haps by some new and still more po
tent Insentient slave. We may pre
sume that the food of the coming race
will not be gross steaks, streaming
with the blood of slaughtered Innocents
as they are served to be devoured, but
some compound of fragrant essences
distilled from flowers. It Is held by
many that those happy beings will
have neither teeth nor stomachs and
no more mouth than is barely suffi
cient for kissing. Their nourishment
will be received through a valve and
Injected with a pump.
Best of all, they will be free from
superstition. They will believe what
is true and deny what Is false. They
will cling to no teaching because it is
respectable, or profitable or old; they
will reject none because it is new.
They will not erect the creations of
their fancy into fetiches to be wor
shipped. They will not fear to ad
vance toward happiness, lest they of
fend some Imaginary deity, nor will
they let the wishes of dead prede
cessors upon the earth deprive them
of liberty. We may guess that each
generation of those superior beings
will live for itself and for those who
are to succeed theiri, leaving the dead
to take care of themselves.
Our reluctance to violate the wishes
of the dead is perhaps our strongest
superstition; but next to it comes our
disposition to accept social evils as
divine enactments and therefore ir
remediable. Formerly men accepted
physical ills in the same way. The
black death was sent by the Almighty.
The plague was a mysterious dispen
sation. The death of a' child was al
ways caused by some inscrutable
providence. God was Identified with
filth and prayer was vainly used in
stead of soap.
All this we have now outgrown. We
no longer say that typhoid fever is a
dispensation. We do not call cholera
a special providence. In the physi
cal world we have learned that cause
and effect operate without variation;
but In the social world we are domi
nated by superstition, almost as com
pletely as ever. The meaning of this
remark may be Illustrated by a quo
tation from the speech of George R.
Peck, president of the American Bar
Association, at St. Paul. The great
Increase of wealth and Its accumula
tion' in colossal fortunes, -he -says, are
the result "and the Inevitable result
of the scientific tendencies-, which have
been so active in the past half cen
tury." Anything is inevitable, wjien
no human . wisdom or foresight can.
prevent tt. Mr. Peck, therefore,, means
foTsaiy ' that" hb "foresight"," no possible
provisions or changes of the" law, could
have prevented the accumulation of
the Rockefeller and Carnegie fortunes
and others like them.st tf
Now this is' pure superstition. As a
mental product, such thinking is on a
par with that of the sailor who. prays
for a breeze or the' minister-who asks
the Almighty -for rain. Whatever has
been produced i by human activity
could have . 'been 1 prevented by human
activity of the opposite nature. The
Rockefeller and Carnegie fortunes have
flowed from certain provisions of the
law. Had those -provisions been 'dif
ferent no such -fortunes could . have
been accumulated. . Carnegie -owes his
excessive - wealth partly to the tariff,
partly to railroad rebates and discrimi
nations.. Under impartial laws,. Justly
administered, he would undoubtedly
have acquired a fortune, but nothing
like his actual enormous wealth. To
speak of such a process as an Inevita
ble tendency Is to abdicate reason and
return to fetich worship. The phrases
"inevitable tendency," "natural law"
and the like play precisely the same
part In modern superstition as "the
will of God" did formerly. All diffi
culties, physical, mental and social
were solved by saying that they were
the will of God. The soporific phrase
excused men from all effort, absolved
them from the necessity of thought.
Justified every wrong. No matter how
flagrant an injustice, call It the will
of God and it was safe from attack.
Now this venerable phrase has been
discarded and we say of our indolence,
mistakes and Injustice that they are
Inevitable tendencies, natural laws, or
vested rights. How long will it take
these phrases, which are mere opiates
deadening to heart and brain alike, to
follow their predecessor to oblivion?
And, when they are gone, will men
replace them by others equally stupe
fying or will they learn to look at
things as they are and! decide all
questions by the eternal rules of Jus
tice instead of dead formulas and su
perstitious catchwords?.
FRUIT PEST REMEDIES.
We have a deal to learn yet about
eradication of pests that injure fruit
or destroy trees. That present reme
dies are but inadequate must be ap
parent to anyone who will stop to
think. In the columns of this paper
a few days ago It was admitted by
competent authority that wormy or
scaly apples are not unhealthful, yet
it Is said to be necessary to prohibit
the sale of infected fruit in order to
prevent the spread of disease. Yet it
is further admitted that a wormy ap
ple Is no more likely to spread worms
If sold and eaten than if left lying In
the orchard. A scaly apple Is less
likely' to spread the disease If It be
cooked and eaten than If left as refuse
upon the farm. The prohibition placed
upon the sale of affected fruit is ex
pected to accomplish its results, not
directly, but indirectly by compelling
the growers to spray.
Yet here Is another seeming incon
sistency. A wormy apple lo not un
healthful, for the consumer cuts out
the worm and eats only the good por
tion. Can .it be- said that an apple
that has been liberally sprayed 3with
acetate of lead and arsenate?-erf ;-soda
is healthful?. In. order to protect the
fruit from worms the grower must
spray three or four times in a season,
endeavoring to get the poison on every
part of the fruit so that the worm
ehall-flnd no place of admission. re
sumably the grower- tries to -wash off
the spray material before he puts the
apples upon the market,', but does he
succeed? After, a cloth has been, used
to wipe one box of apples will it not
have enough poison, on ' it to leave
some of the spraying material on the
next? From the standpoint of health
fulness the unsprayed wormy apple
will hold its own with the unblemished
apple .that .has. been covered .with
poison. . -. ...
But horticultural law and horticul
tural practice require that the fruit
shall be sprayed. Preservation of the
fruit industry requires It, unless some
equally good or better remedy can be
found. Perhaps In time a parasite
will be discovered which will entirely
exterminate the enemies of the apple
crop or some student of scientific hor
ticulture will find an artificial remedy
that will be equally effective. Until
then It will be necessary to enforce
such laws as may be required to com
pel growers to employ the best known
means of destroying the apple worm
and the scale. If, In the accomplish
ment of thta, it beneeessary to pro
hibit the sale of wormy or scaly fruit,
then It seems likely that the poorer
classes of people must go without ap
ples, except in the small quantities
which their limited means will permit
them to enjoy.
NEW RETURN OF OLD INDICTMENT.
At a recent meeting of the Montana
Federation of Labor in Helena O. J.
Walsh, an attorney of that city, gave
facts and figures concerning the loss
of life and limb from railroad acci
dents in this country, gathered largely
from his professional experience. This
loss he characterized as "appalling and
ever increasing." An estimate verified
by the fact that during the year end
ing June 30, 1905 (the last year's fig
ures not being yet' available), the num
ber of casualties, as reported by the
roads themselves, reached the aston
ishing total of 94201, death resulting
in 10,046 cases. Of this latter number
3261 were employes of the roads, while
of the same class 45,626 were injured
more or less seriously. Stated In an
other way this shows one trainman
killed for every 120 employed, and one
injured for every nine employed.
Pursuing the gruesome details of the
service further, it was found that one
engineer out of four dies with his hand
on the throttle. The point made or
sought to be made by this statement
Is that this awful sacrifice of life In
railway service is to a great degree
unnecessary. The attorney said fur
ther: In the last anabpis. In the great majority
of the cases, there has been a balancing, un
conscious, perhaps, between the expense of
restoring and repairing equipment and de
fending or paying claims for death and Injur-,
against the cost of Installing a system
or Inaugurating a plan of operation that
would have made the so-called "accident"
impossible, in otner words. It Is, to an ex
tent, altogether startling, purely a question
of dividends. The truth of the statement is
demonstrated by the fact that no such hor
rible record Is made by the railroads of
any European country.
It is recalled. In this connection, that
Congress passed a law in 1893 requiring
Interstate railroads to equip with air
brakes and automatic 'couplers and
provide all cars with safe handirons
on the." sides and ends. On one pretext
and another many, of . the roads were
excused from compliance with the act
until 1900. Even. two years later than
this twenty-six per cent of the cars
Inspected by the Government were
found defective In these appliances,
while sixty-five per cent of the derail
ments occurring in that year were
traced to deficient equipment.
The. "first essential means of remedy
Is, irr - the opinion of this authority,
publicity in regard to railroad wrecks.
Proceeding on this strain he says:
A1 searching examination should be made
of every catastrophe resulting in loss of
life or serious Injury to persons or property.
The inquiry into the cause of a derailment,
though no Uvea are lost, may lead to the
adoption of .means to. prevent a recurrence
of a like accident in which the results would
be ' deplorable because of the casualties
affecting life. The. facts, with the causes
leading to the disaster, should be placed be
fore the public that the management may
feel the force of enlightened opinion, often
more potent than drastic laws. It is per
fectly welt known that the most studied
effort is invariably made in case of one of
these distressing calamities, particularly
where the loss of life has been considerable,
to prevent the public from learning . the
facts, and this Is done not only from a sense
that such a policy is desirable in view of
possible actions for damages, but from dread
that hostile public opinion may be excited
by the disclosures.
There is nothing new in this present
ment nothing, perhaps, which the rail
road attorney skilled in his art could
not meet with plausible excuse or com
plete refutation. But the main facts
in the indictment are substantiated by
evidence that Is irrefutable.
Man has several organs or appen
dices that are good for nothing, but
to have diseases and give him trouble.
There is the parotid gland. It Is good
for nothing but to have the inflamma
tory disease we call the mumps. There
is the thyroid gland. It is good for
nothing but development of the goitre.
There Is the spleen. It is good for
nothing but to swell up and be painful
when you have an intermittent fever.
There Is the vermiform appendix. Its
sole function Is to trouble you with
appendicitis. It Is useful to the horse and
to the rabbit, they say, for it has large
development In them. -It serves a pur
pose and gives them no trouble. But
man, a more" advanced animal, has
outgrown the need of it, yet can't get
rid of it. Doubtless It was of use to
the prehistoric man. But to the man
of the. modern time It is a nuisance
and source of disease. It is facts like
these that give the theory of the evolu
tion of all ,the forms of life, through
rabbit, horse, monkey and man, its
significance and suggestiveness. Man
seems to have a number of useless
organs and glands, all subject to spe
cial diseases, which have been "left
over." There will be no mumps, we
suppose, when we get rid of the paro
tid gland, and no appendicitis when
we get rid of the. useless vermiform.
The Southern States want negroes
confined to Jim Crow cars, but under
public ownership of railroads could this
be done? But Mr. Bryan "did not care
at this time to discuss how the plan
would affect the carriage of whites and
negroes on through dines .under Federal
control," wrote the newspaper Inter
viewer in a New York dispatch yester
day. Yet the Southern States are very
much interested. "I never advocated a
thing not opposed in some quarters,"
said the "peerless leader." And the
opposition thus far has been success
ful. What do the Southerners think
about ,itj,,thls time? . -
Hbpgrowers are disposed to be liber
al In the matter of wages for the pick
ers. They generally favor the system
of paying by weight, but are not in
clined to be arbitrary in the matter,
recognizing, no doubt, the wisdom of
consulting the pickers upon the propo
sition. The price considered fair is
50 cents for a box or $1 for 100 pounds.
At these prices the industrious picker
can make good wages and the grower,
at present rates, can make hop-raising
pay him handsomely upon the invest
ment and on the risk that is a peculiar
adjunct of the hop industry.
A correspondent who takes The Ore
gonian to task for Its alleged mistake
In saying that the island of Juan
Fernandez was Robinson Crusoe's
island himself fails to understand. It
was the story of Alexander Selkirk's
lonely life on Juan Fernandez that gave
rise to the romance of Robinson Cru
soe; but the imaginary island of Cru
soe was placed in the Atlantic Ocean,
or Caribbean Sea, somewhere far off
the mouth of the Orinoco River. The
Selkirk story. In Juan Fernandez, was
a true one; but without it we should
not have Defoe's romance.
The bottle with the story in it bobs
up now" and again on every shore. It
seldom, however, contains a story
twenty-five years old, and makes a
bluff of having come around the Horn
to find a harbor In an inland sea, as
did the latest bottle picked up on Puget
Sound abreast Seattle. Of course no
one would doubt for a moment that
this bottle is a genuine find or that
Its ancient tale Is unworthy of cre
dence. Jefferson said: "It is of immense
consequence that the states retain as
complete authority as possible over
their own citizens. The withdrawing
themselves under the shelter of a
foreign Jurisdiction (the general Gov
ernment) Is so subversive of order and
pregnant of abuse that It 'may not be
amiss to consider." etc. But the Bryan
programme doesn't consider this phase
at all.
Fishermen and cannerymen on the
Columbia are said now to be willing
to obey the law after they have ex
tended the open season until It does
not pay them to break the law.
The drowning season for boys usually
lasts until school opens in September.
According to this rating something
more than two weeks remain of the
season of 1906.
St. Johns could not have had more
trouble with Its .municipal affairs in
the last year or two if It had been the
biggest city in the land.
As a detector of detectives Mr. Bruin
at last was successful, though It took
nearly a year. Luckily the detectives
were not criminals.
"The true barriers of liberty," wrote
Jefferson, "are our state govern
ments." Is the Bryan programme
Jeffersonian?
It is probably not true that the most
cordial welcome extended to Mr. Geer
In Pendleton was that of Mr. Furnish.
And so th$ reform wave that has
been sweeping over the country is now
taking the direction of "fonetiks." '
Jt Is like turning a leaf from the
past to read of the disorders in Plnar
del Rio. Seems like old times.
And it's all because Mr. Bryan went
abroad. . .'. . ' .
MACAULAY'S DIRE PREDICTION
Do You Observe Any Tendency To-
ward These Things la America?
A eulogistic "Life of Thomas Jefferson"
by Henry S. Randall, of Virginia, was
published about 50 years ago. The enthus
iasm of the writer led him to send
a copy of the book to Thomas Babington
Macaulay, at that time perhaps the most
eminent of English men of letters.
May 23, 1857, Macaulay sent answer to
Randall In a famous letter of which the
following is the .main part. It is not
optimistic:
I have long been convinced that in
stitutions purely democratic must, sooner
or later, destroy liberty or civilization, or
both. You may think that your country
enjoys an exemption from these evils. I
will frankly own to you that I am of a
very different opinion. Your fate I believe
to be certain, though it is deferred by a
physical cause. As long as you have a
boundless extent of fertile and unoc
cupied land, your laboring population will
be far more at ease than the laboring
population of the Old World, and, while
that is the case, the Jefferson politics
may continue to exist without causing
any fatal calamity. But the time will
come when New England will be as
thickly populated as Old England. Wajca
will be as low and will fluctuate with
you as with us. You will have your
Manchesters and Blrminghams, and In
those Manchesters and Birmingham
hundreds of thousands of artisans will
assuredly be sometimes out of work.
Then your Institutions will be fairly
brought to the test. Distress every
where makes the laborer mutinous, and
discontent Inclines him to listen with
eagerness to agitators who tell him
that it is a monstrous iniquity that
one man should have a million while an
other cannot get a full meal. In bad
years there Is plenty of grumbling here
and sometimes a little rioting. But it
matters little, for here the sufferers are
not the rulers. The supreme power Is in
the hands of a class, numerous, indeed,
but select; of an educated class; of a
class which Is and knows itself to be
deeply Interested in the security of
property and the maintenance of order.
Accordingly the malcontents are firmly
yet gently restrained. The bad time Is
got over without robbing the wealthy to
relieve the indigent. The springs of na
tional prosperity soon begin to flow
again; work is plentiful, wages rise and
all is tranquillity and cheerfulness. I
have seen 'England pass three or four
times through such critical seasons as I
have described. Through such seasons
the United States will have to pass within
the next century, if not this. How will
you pass through them?
I heartily wish you a good deliverance,
but my reasons and my wishes are at
war, and I cannot help foreboding the
worst. It Is quite plain that your Gov
ernment will never be able to restrain
a distressed and discontented majority;
for with you the majority Is the govern
ment, and has the rich, who are always
a minority, absolutely at Its mercy. The
day will come when the State of New
York, a multitude of people, none of
whom has had more than half a break
fast, or expects to have more than halt
a dinner, will choose a Legislature. Is it
possible to doubt what sort of Legislature
will bo chosen? On one side Is a states
man preaching patience. respect for
vested right, strict observance of public
faith. On the other is a demagogue,
ranting about the tyranny of capitalists
and usurers, and asking why anybody
should be permitted to drink champagne
and to ride In a carriage while thousands
of honest folks are 'in want of neces
saries. Which of the two candidates Is
likely to be preferred by a working man
who hears his children cry for more
bread? I seriously apprehend that you
will. In some such season 'of adversity as
I have described, do things which will
prevent prosperity from returning: that
you will act like people who should, in a
year of scarcity, devour all the seed corn,
and thus make the next year not of
scarcity, but of absolute famine. There
will be. I fear, spoliation. The spolia
tion will Increase the distress: the dis
tress will produce spoliation. There Is
nothing to stop you. Your Constitution Is
all sail and no anchor. As I Bald before,
when a society has entered on this down
ward progress, either civilization or
liberty must perish. Either some Caesar
or Napoleon will seize the reins of gov
ernment with a strong hand or your re
public will be as fearfully pluno, . and
laid waste by barbarians in the twentieth
century as the Roman Empire was In the
fifth, with this difference that the Huns
and Vandals who ravished the Roman
Empire came from without, while your
Huns and Vandals will have been en
gaged within your own country by your
own institutions.
A Bryan Dream.
Charleston News and Courier, (Dera),
When the esteemed Colonel William
Jennings Bryan is elected President and
shall acquire for the Government con
trol of some of the trunk lines of rail
roads, we hope he will take good care
of them. When, peradventure, the Gov
ernment's 10.000 employees on a particular
line shall strike for an Increase of wages
and get it, and then shall strike and
strike again until concession to them
shall cease to be a virtue, our hope Is
that the Government's general manager
may In the last resort order out the
troops to protect the Government's prop
erty from ruthless destruction.
We further Indulge the hope that the
more railroads Colonel Bryan shall ac
quire in trust for the Govornment the
more troops he will have available for
emergency. When the Government shall
own many thousands of miles of railway
lines worth billions of dollars the Gov
ernment will need a large standing army
with few opportunities to stand long at a
time.
Colonel Bryan reveals himself day by
day and more and more as a great and
good man overburdened with schemes.
One of the reasons that he would pro
bably make an excellent President Is that
he would have little leisure for dreaming.
C'anipnljgn for liidependen.ee Bejtun.
The first number of "La Independen
cia," the organ of the new Independence
party in the Philippines, was appro
priately issued on the Fourth of July.
The Declaration of- Independence was
publicly read on that day in Manila
by the authority of the Fourth of July
committee. Dr. Justo Lukban Is the edi
tor of "La Independencia," and In Its
inaugural salutes the authorities, the
people and the press as follows:
"In beginning our labor with this first
issue of our paper, we respectfully salute
the supreme authorities. The public we
assure of the sincerity of our purposes
and the firmness of our convictions, and
the press, of all nationalities and politi
cal shades, we beg to treat us withi the
consideration and esteem due a compan
ion, in this difficult task of the propa
gation of ideas and. In return, we beg
the press to accept the assurances of our
most sincere reciprocity."
Subjoined is the programme of the In
dependence party. In which is advocated
the "immediate independence of the Phil
ippines, which are to be a sovereign,
free and. independent country and which
we are to obtain through the interven
tion of the United States, an interna
tional treaty establishing and guarantee
ing the perpetual neutrality o the isl
ands." The leading article closes with these
words:
"Our labor shall be one of harmony
and conciliation, because our inalterable
purpose is to establish our Nationality
on the firmest basis, which is: "Immediate-
independence."
THE PESSIMIST. '
The saddest words of jail or pen t
Are these sad words: "He gave me ten."
It seems to be the thing now.' among
writers of short stories to write about a
man who is writing a book. This custom
will soon result in a crop of stories in
which the hero Is writing a book about a
man who. In his turn, is writing a book
wherein his hero is struggling with a
book. By Introducing three hard-hearted
publishers, two sisters and a blonde, one
could have a plot that would rival those
of Wllkle Collins.
'
"It's a long Lane that has no burn
ing." said one of the six detectives Just
after he'd been fired.
A story from Pekln by the way of
Liverpool tells us that the pigs In China
are too fat to squeal. That is very good;
but does not quite equal In interest the
story that Is going, up and down North
Beach to the effect that the hens In
Ilwaco have such a hearty appetite that
they are busy, all the time eating, and
have no time to lay eggs.
'
Speaking of hens brings to mind some
points of similarity between hens and
the ladies. They (the hens and the
ladies) walk on two feet. Jump for both
sides of the street at once when they
pee an auto coming, make chicken salad
and wear feathers. The similarity ends
at this point. The hens cannot talk.
Tlie Poet's Corner.
This department Is conducted exclusive
ly for the benefit of unbidden genius,
that hitherto lias suffered in silence. No
poem will be published. more than once.
Each contribution must be accompanied
by a proper antidote, othewrlse it will
not be considered. While the root's Cor
ner is open more especially for poets liv
ing In the Northwest, all allusions to
Seattle will be strictly censored. No
stamps will be returned.
The following verses, sent in anony
mously, are the work of G. W. Henne
way. the Poet of the Cascades. Notwith
standing the fact that his poem Is a
wide departure from his usual style. It
was easily recognized, because for a long
time tho letter "o" in his typewriter
has been broken, and he has been
obliged to use an asterisk instead:
Star-Mght.
My ftsteps fall upn a wizard way.
Between the dawn and dusk beh'ld the
day.
Where things Invisible becm bright
They seem concentrate In a single ray.
Intrinsic beauty glistens in the glare
That brightens heaven dazzles every
where: Yet, wrapped in s'litude. I lng fr night
Its dusk and dreams ' and balmlncss f
air.
There shines a star, which I have wor
shipped lng.
And striven t Imm'rtRlize In sng;
Ail brilliance pales bef're Its luster white.
And hence my I've f'r star-light waxeth
str'ng.
Like his other work, these three verses
show the touch of true genius. However,
there is an undercurrent of sadness
which Is unusual with Hrnneway; It
seems to Indicate recent trouble of a
serious nature. His thought, too, la
somewhat difficult to follow. In this re
spect he makes one think of Browning.
After careful consideration, I have con
cluded that this Is what Henneway in
tended to say:
Bar-Light.
My ftsteps fall upn a dizzy way.'
Between dusk and dawn I let them stray
Where the things t drink taste cl and
right;
They seem t concentrate, and I feel
gay.
Polished glasses glisten In the glare
That brightens barrm dazzles every
where; Thugh completely inebriated, I approach
the light.
Its gin and wine, and the barkeep s fair.
There shines a bar which I have wor
shipped lng,
And striven t lmm'rtalize in s'ng.
All drinks taste g"d In Its luster bright;
And hence my breath and I've fr that
bar Is string.
The State Flower of California.
(This gem. signed "Lizzie," was sug
gested by the gift of a handful of
Kschscholtzla golden popples, she called
them.)
Like- the glory of a noonday sun,
L,ike the gentle, soothing twilight.
Flowers In winsome beauty greet us.
Bloom they alone to give delight?
Or do they breathe of hope divine.
Of the presence and the power
That the beauty anri fragrance planned
Of every, every little flower?
You bet they do, Lizzie!
So they tell us in sweet repose
To trust and wait and be content.
With the sunbeams, breeze and rain
drops.
Duly for their own pleasure sent.
Oh. in trust, in sure contentment
Many a heart might cease to cry.
With agony or envy blind
And find a bright, rose-tinted sky.
It would make 'em feel a whole lot
better.
The flowers, the trees, the fragrant
shrubs
We will not worship, but may dare
To love and cherish; lessons take.
Somewhat trustful spirit share.
You would dare to do almost anything,
Lizzie, after sending that in. If your
trustful spirit should prompt you to do
It again, I won't stand It, that's all !
M. B. WELLS.
Mr. Roosevelt Una Had Ilia Fllngr.
New York World.
The country was drifting along in
blissful contentment that the summer
season of leisure hud still some days
to run. The schools were In vacation,
Congress in recess. Washington de
serted and only Beveridge exhorting
the voters of Maine on the produc
tivity of hens under a Republican re
gime. Oyster Bay was calm. Suddenly
It began to rain misplaced vowels and
consonants out of a clear sky. The
President had been seized with a whim
to purify tho English language. Excite
laughter? It has been greeted witli
shrieks ( delight. The Bowery can
t-ee the joke as plainly as University
Heights. Chuck Connors can now
chiim that lie was one of the original
Roosevelt spelling men. Mr. Bryan
whs always for the free coinage of
silver without the consent of any for
eign government, and Mr. Roosevelt,
who has proved so apt a pupil in the
Bryan school. Is also for the unlimited
use of te debased silver of speecli
without the consent or advice of for
eigners. After ail, Mr. Roosevelt has
had his fling, and it will soon be for
gotten when lie has another. But be is
not alwavs so -amusing.- Perhaps next
he will take up tiie matter of correct
writinK and greater brevity In composition
0