THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, JULY 15, 1906.
ROSENTHAL'S GREAT MIDSUMMER CLEARANCE SALE
OF FINE FOOTWEAR
Will be inaugurated on Monday, July 16, at 12 o'clock, noon (store closed all morning). Never before in the history of Portland have such BXTRAORDINARY values in HIGH-GRADE
footwear been offered at such LOW PRICES. ESPECIAL ATTENTION is called to the fact that ALL of these GREAT BARGAINS are NEW and UP-TO-DATE goods, made by
AMERICA'S FOREMOST MANUFACTURERS and are therefore GENUINE VALUES and not cheap, shoddy footwear especially bought for a sale. To further EMPHASIZE this fact
we will quote you the NAMES of the MAKERS and undoubtedly you know of the STERLING REPUTATION which they enjoy for the HIGHEST CLASS SHOEMAKING in the
UNITED STATES. For several of these we have the SOLE AGENCY, such as HANAN & SON and THOMAS CORT for MEN'S and WOMEN'S SHOES; BOYDEN for MEN'S
SHOES, WATERBURY & SONS', hygienic footwear for the little folks. It is a well-known fact that ROSENTHALS are the LEADERS of SHOE FASHION, and for 20 YEARS they have
enjoyed the PATRONAGE of the people of PORTLAND and the NORTHWEST, meriting it by FAIR and SQUARE DEALING. Limited space permits us to quote but a FEW of the
WONDERFUL BARGAINS which we offer in this SALE. SCAN the following items CAREFULLY and note the GREAT REDUCTIONS. We are certain that we can SAVE
you a GREAT DEAL of MONEY on your SHOE BILLS
WOMEN'S Tan Russia Calf Oxfords, handwelt
ed soles. Cuban uiid military heels; $5 QLA Ov
and $6 values. Sale Price .JJttAvJ
"The Famous 'Hanan' Shoes"
WOMEN'S Gun Metal Oalf Walking Pumps,
hand-welted soles, Cuban heels; SA.
$6 values. Sale Price vpt.AvJ
"A STUNNING STYLE"
WOMEN'S Patent Colt "Gibson" Ties, hand
turned soles. Cuban heels; $3.50 and CO QC
$4 values. Sale Price Jf-lJyJ
"THIS SEASON'S LATEST"
WOMEN'S White or Gray Linen "Gibson"
Ties, hand-turned soles, Cuban heels; CO 1(1
$5 values. Sale Price I J
"They Match Your Gowns"
WOMEN'S Khaki Canvas Ties, welted soles,
militarv heels; $4 values. CO OR
Sale Price 3&.OkJ
"Just the Tie for Summer"
WOMEN'S White Buckskin Walking Pumps,
hand-sewed soles, Cuban heels; $6 tLA &C
values. Sale Price. . 4'fOvJ
"SWELLDOM'S LATEST"
WOMEN'S Tan Russia Calf and Chocolate-Colored
Vici Kid Ties, welted and hand-turned soles,
Cuban and military heels; $4 value, ff1) CC
Sale Price .OJ
"Stylish and Comfortable"
WOMEN'S Tan Russia Calf Button Oxfords,
welted soles, military heels; $4 values.CO fiff
Sale Price.
"A SMART STYLE"
WOMEN'S Tan Russia Calf Oxfords and Chris
ty Ties, hand-welted soles, Cuban ; CO - C
heels; $5 values. Sale Price 4vJ lJ
"A GREAT BARGAIN"
INFANTS' Black Vici Kid Lace Shoes, patent
tips, turned soles; $1 values. Af
Sale Price.
'OUR LEADER'
INFANTS' Black Vici Kid Lace Shoes, patent
tips, turned soles, fancy tops. Sale Prices
Sizes 2 to 5 60
Sizes 5V'2 to 8 80
"NEAT AND PRETTY"
MISSES' and CHILDREN'S Black Vici Kid
Lace Shoes, patent tips, stout soles, school heels;
$1.50, $1.75 and $2.00 values. Sale Prices
Sizes 6 1o 8 95?
Sizes 8V2 to 10V2 $1.20
Sizes 11 to 2 $1.45
MISSES' and CHILDREN'S White Canvas But
ton Shoes, tips, stout soles, spring heels; $1.75,
$2 and $2.50 values. Sale Prices
Sizes (5 to 8 SI. 25
Sizes 8 to 102 Sl.SO
Sizes 11 to 2 $2.15
BOYS' Tan Canvas Lace Shoes, tips, stout soles,
sizes 2y2 to 5y2. QAf
Sale Price.
' FINE FOR VACATION"
BOYS' and YOUTHS' Tan Russia Calf Bluchers,
tips, stout soles; $2 and $3 values. Sale Price
Sizes 9 to 2 81.85
Sizes 2y2 to 52 $2.15
"Great Wear Resistor "
MEN'S Gray Canvas Lace Shoes, tips, stout
leather soles, rubber heels; $2.50 C- fff
values. Sale Price 1 Jv
"A FINE OUTING SHOE"
Men's Wnite Duck Oxfords, hand-welted, leather
or rubber soles; $4 values. 1
Sale Price.
"For Seashore or Yachting"
I .
MEN'S Tan Russia Calf Lace and Blucher Ox
fords, hand-sewed soles; $6 and $6.50 C I CC
values. Sale Price 4ttCJ.J
"Cort's and Boyden's Custom-Made"
MEN'S Black Vici and Box Calf Bluchers, welt
ed soles; $3.50 values. CO fitZ
Sale Price aiOJ
"Unsurpassed Bargains"
MEN'S Black Vici or Tan Russia Calf Oxfords,
welted soles; $3.50 values. CO CC
Sale Price qJi.OJ
"GREAT VALUES"
MEN'S Tan Russia Calf Lace and Blucher Ox
fords, hand-sewed soles ; $6 and $6.50 C o s
values. Sale Price .JJtaOvJ
"The Famous 'Hanan' Shoes"
Broken Lines of Ladies', Misses' and Children's Shoes on Our Bargain Tables Values from $2.00 to $5.00 SALE PRICES
SO Cents and SI.OO
Watch Our Show Windows
ROSENTHAL
9
Watch Our Show Windows
Sole Agents for the Celebrated "Hanan" Shoes
Mail Orders Carefully Filled the Day Received. 149 Third St.- Rortl & nd's
Best Shoe Store
suits are BEGUN
'Six-Bit" Insurance Compan
ies Brought to Book.
CANNOT REDUCE CLAIMS
"Quitters' Will Not Be Allowed to
Claim Kxemption From Obliga
tions in California by With
drawing From State.
BAN FKANOISCO, July 11 (Special.)
The first suit to be commenced by service
upon Insurance Commissioner Wolf to
compel settlement of tire losses by welch
ing companies was begun at noon today
by summons being served at Wolf office
in the case of Charles F. Smith against
the Raple Insurance Company. This radi
cal change of policy toward those com
panies which seek to escape their liabili
ties here by withdrawing from the state
is in line with Wolf's own theory con
tained in a warning to the "quittere"
last week.
The Commissioner pointed out to such
concerns that they did not escape by
running away, and he cited the pro
visions of the code to show that when
they entered the California field they ex
pressly agreed to submit to the law which
permits the Commissioner to be sued for
a claim it gal nut the company as if he
were the authorised ngent of such com
pany. In this way the absentee concern
can be brought before the local courts
and judgment obtained itgalnst them ac
cording to the provisions of the Cali
fornia code.
This radical clause In the contract,
which the Insurance companies have all
signed, puts the policyholder In an ad
vantaegoue position. The Traders' Com
pany evaded this agreemeut by going Into
insolvency, thus throwing their case into
the Illinois courts, where individual suits
must be brought, thus rendering It im
possible to combine in a single suit for
many policyholders.
The California law. on the other hand,
permits suit to be brought by an a.ignee,
to whom can he committed the collection
of a large number of similar claims. The
policyholders in the Williamsburg City
Company are progressing In thjfl manner.
The suit begun by Smith by service of
summons On Commissioner Wolf Is the
first of many which are being prepared
against the dozen or more "quitters' who
thought to transfer their cases to more
favorable Jurisdictions by throwing up
their California business und repudiating
their liabilities here.
last night that he Is not yet ready to
give out the details of the presentation.
The lot is probably the most valuable piece
of residence property in the city, as it
Is the finest site In. the most exclusive
district, and commands a view of the
Golden Gate, the bay and the entire city.
The arrangements for the transfer are
now being made.
High Official From Hawaii.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 14. Among the
passengers who arrived from Honolulu on
the transport Sherman today were Judge
Alexander Undmy. Jr.. of the Territorial
Circuit Court; Judge A. S. Hart well, of
the Supreme Court, and W. S. Fleming.
Attorney-General of the Territory of
Hawaii.
WANT UNIFORM FOOD LAW
Oregon Men Will Speak at Food
Commissioner Convention.
HARTFORD, Conn.. July 14. The tenth
annual convention of the National Asso
ciation of State Dairy and Food Depart
ments (Interstate Pure Food Commis
sion), to be held at Hartford, Conn.. July
17-20. it was said here today promises to
be the most important conference of Its
kind ever held In this country, following,
as It will immediately upon th passage
of the first Federal pure food law. Manu
facturers of every class and kind have
been invited, and aVe expected to attend
In large number;.
In New York the impression prevails
that a decision will be reached at this
meeting as to whetner or not the spirit
of the Federal law is to be incorporated
into the administration of the various
state food departments. On this decision,
It fa said, the real service of the National
legislation depends. The packers and
wholesalers, as well as the importers,
have complained for years of the lack of
uniformity in state laws, rules and regula
tions concerning the sale and distribution
of food products, and It Is expected their
strongest plea to the Commissioners at
the Hartford meeting will be for legisla
tion uniform In character, which will al
low goods to be sold in all states of the
Union without change in labels, size of
packages or other minor characteristics.
Among those by whom papers will be
read are: I.. Davies, State Dairy and
Food Commissioner. Washington; Profes
sor A. L.- Knlsely. State Analyst. Oregon;
Dr. Wiley. Chief V. S. Bureau Chem
ist y; A. F. HiU. Dairy Food Commis
sioner, Idaho; E. W. Burke. State Dairy
and Food Commissioner, Wyoming; H. V.
Tartar. Deputy Dairy and Food Commis
sioner. Oregon; Professor BHon Fulmer,
State Chemist, Washington.
Cioveriiiuent Loss by Disaster.
WASHINGTON. July 14. Quartermaster-General
Humphrey of the Army
has complied a statement showing that
the amount necessary to be expended
as a result of the fire in San Francisco
under the various titles of appropria
tions for his department aggregates
$2,268,478.
Crocker Gives Cathedral Site.
SAN FRANCISCO. July 14 Bishop Wil
liam F. Nichols, of the EJplsoopal Church,
says that the site of the Crocker man
sion, on Nob Hill, will he given to the dio
cese of California, for the building of a
palatial cathedral. Bishop Nichols said
must; come to Portland
Land-Fraud Suspects Include Prom
inent Los Angeles Business Men.
1,09 AXGBL.K3. CM., July 14. Fighting
desperattly against un order of the Fed
eral fourt that they be removed to Ore
gon to answer charges of fraud in land
deals, the attorney for the Los. Angeles
business men indicted several weeks ago
appeared today before Judge Ross in
habeas corpus proceedings. Judge Well
born this forenoon issued a final order for
their removal and notice was given that
the order would be fought.
The defendants, who are all well-known
business men and capitalists of Los An
geles, are D. M. Goodwin, A. H. Hed
derly. W. D. Gould. Richard Hynes, L
R. Myers. C. L. Stearns. Warren Gillelen
and W. R. Kenney. The men denied any
irregularities In the deals which they have
made in a number of districts in Oregon,
and allege that an Investigation will clear
them.
SLAIN BY WORKMEN
Russian in Factory Whirls to
Death on Fly Wheel.
COMRADES SEEK REVENGE
They Bind Him to Shaft as Punish
ment 1 for Giving Information
That Brings Them Repri
mands From Foreman.
NEW YORK, July 14. (Special.) Fifty
men. laborers at the King plaster works
at New Brighton, Staten Island, were ar
rested this afternoon, charged with the
murder of a fellow-workman, Frank Getz
ner, a Russian.
Getzner was the victim of one of the
foulest crimes perpetrated in the annals
of crime In Greater New York, according
to tne police and Coroner Farrell, who
are investigating the case. Desiring to
be revenged on Getzner, his companions
In the workshop tied the man to a fly
wheel in the factory and watched him
while the twirling machinery hurled his
body through the air in great revolutions
and beat the life out of it. While the 80
men who, it is alleged, were concerned
in the murder of Getzner are now in cus
tody, the officers are looking for another
man, who is alleged to have been the
leader of the affair. This man. a Pole,
has been known at the factory only as
No. 23. The police have located his place
of residence, however, and have learned
enough about him so that they say they
will be able to locate him within a short
time.
Two weeks ago Getzner reported No. 23
for being delinquent in his work. The
man was reprimanded, and the investiga
tion of his case brought to light the fact
that others of the workmen likewise had
been neglecting their duties. All came in
for a share of the reprimand. From that
moment. It Is said, the workmen have
planned to be revenged upon Getaner.
When the men who were employed on
the night shift quit work this morning
and were cleaning the factory for the day
force, one man. according to the police,
spliced together several pieces of rope used
In tying up bags. Then the 00 men over
powered Getzner and tied his legs. The
rope was passed over a shaft and allowed
to trail and wind by the shafting, and
as the rope tightened Getzner was lifted
from the floor and the body threshed
round and round, striking against the
beams and machinery until life was ex
tinct. The body was stiil hanging when
the day shift came to work. The death
of Getzner was at first thought accidental.
The men told conflicting stories, however,
and an investigation was started. It was
tnen stated that a prank bad been at
tempted and it had resulted In Getzner's
death.
agitated for 45 seconds. The rough
sea suddenly became confused.
The vessel was south of Australia
when the phenomenon was experienced.
NAPOLEON QFGRIME
DEMANDS ENTRY TO PRISON
Banker Anxious to Begin Serving
Sentence Without Delay.
CHICAGO. July 14. A. Gourdain, who
was released from the Cook County Jail
yesterday on bonds of $10,000, presented
a short time later the unique spectacle
of a man trying to break into the peni
tentionary. Just after he was given hfs
liberty the former banker hurried on an
electric car to Jollet and demanded of the
chief deputy that he "be incarcerated.
The deputy denied the strange request
and Gourdain started back to Chicago
with the avowed intention of instituting
mandamus proceedings to compel the au
thorities to put him in prison at once,
that he might begin without delay serv
ing the 4 years sentence for operating
a lottery.
Gourdain later explained his aversion
to the Cook County Jail. "I propose to
serve my sentence, every day of it," said
he, "but I will not do it in the County
Jail. My objection is the noise and the
close proximity of the street. At Joliet
It is quiet and my rest is never disturbed
with ribald songs and clanging bells. If
I cannot serve my sentence any other way
I shall build a penitentiary somewhere ;
on the side of a hill and live in a cell j
for years."
Remarkable Career of Young
French Swindler.
VICTIMS BY THOUSANDS
Prompted by Unscrupulous Ameri
can, He Starts to Catch Suckers.
DlscovereO by Accident After
Two Years'' Success.
ATTEMPT TO ROB BANK
Bold Daylight Attack Is Foiled and
Robbers Captured.
DENVER, July 14. Duffield Knox
Duncan and John Hasting? attempted
to rob the bank in the Ernest & Cran
mer building, conducted by Edward
Elwell, this afternoon, but were foiled
and both were captured.
They entered the bank together ana
asked to be shown a safety deposit box.
Mr. Elwell accompanied them to che
vault, where Duncan struck him with
a blackjack. Elwell grappled with his
assailant and overpowered him. Hast
ings fled, but was arrested a short
time afterward at his lodgings.
Duncan formerly lived In Syracuse, j
N. Y.t and Is said to be a member of a
prominent family. Hastings came to j
Denver from San Francisco. He lived
In Cincinnati for a number of years, j
Both men have been employed on local j
newspapers.- Hastings recently mar- i
ried Miss Katherine Jenkins, formerly
cashier of the Elwell bank.
Ship Felt Famous Earthquake.
HONOLULU. July 14. The ship
Andre Theodore, which has arrived
here from Cardiff, reports having ex
perienced av remarkable phenomenon,
which was apparently caused by an
earthquake, on the afternoon of April
18. The log entry made at that time
shows that the vessel waa violently
TRAIN RUNS AWAY.
(Continued From Page 1.)
Scarcely had they glanced at it, however,
before it had disappeared from their sight
around the curve, and then the gang got
out their handcar and started down the
rails after the train, as Foreman William
son says, "Just to see where she will pile
up."
The crew pumped five miles to Clawson
switch and found the wreck 14 cars
ground up, track and rails torn and twist
ed 400 feet, tender stripped and flung
against the fence, and the engine Itself
dismantled and lying on Its side, with the
engineer crushed in the cab. scalded al
most to death and his clothes on fire.
New York Coffee Market.
NEW YORK. July 14 The coffee fut
ure market closed quiet, net unchanged
to 5 points higher. Sales were 10.500 hags,
including September, 6.25& 6.30c. and De
cember at 6.50c
r
BY THE COUNTESS OF BLANKSHIRE.
(Special Cable to the Central News and
The Oregonlan )
PARIS, July 14. (Special.) Michel
Rougier has just been tried, convicted
and sentenced to five years in prison.
The details of his somewhat lengthy trial,
have delighted Parisians, and there Is
much applause at the light sentence, for
the man's supreme nerve has been great
ly admired. Rougier is a mere youth of
19, yet he Is a veritable Napoleon of
swindlers. There is the making of an In
teresting book in his exploits, which were
carried out with amazing ingenuity. But
his success says little for the postal au
thorites of Paris, for the youth used the
same address for every scheme, and each
one was carried through successfully as
a mail-order business.
Some years ago, when Rougier was
quite a boy, he was employed at a drug
store In the Avenue de TOpera and deliv
ered many goods at the hotels nearby for
American visitors. A young theatrical
man from New York with the gift of the
gab in French and a wonderful imagina
tion told the boy remarkable stories of
American swindles and instilled into his
mind the good old adage. "A sucker is
born every minute." Rougier saved up a
few francs, and when he lost his job
and while only 1? years old he began his
new career. He started a bank with a
fictitious capital of $4,000,000. The "bank"
was for the purpose of lending money to
shopkeepers at the legal rate of interest.
Advertisements were inserted in newspa
pers inviting applicants to apply to M.
Morin. managing director. 8 Rue de la
Harpe. -To applicants the youth sent the
following letter:
"Sir: The board of management of 'La
Commerciale' desires to do business with
you shortly. You will be Investigated by
our inquiry agent. Meanwhile send 20
francs ($4) in order to pay this official's
expenses. It Is needless . to inform you
that the greatest secrecy will be ob
served." Rougier kept systematic 'books which
show that he netted over $3000 by this
scheme and then stopped because com
plaints were too numerous and business
fell ofT.
The next swindle was shown In the
young man's books as follows:
'Unique! For one month only the
American Watch-Making Company will
offer, as an advertisement, ladies' gold
watches (solidly stamped) for eight francs
($1.75) and men's gold watches (solidly
stamped) for 15 francs ($3). Send postal
order to M. Morin. agent, 8 Rue de la
Harpe."
This scheme only ran a month. It cost
$100 for advertisements and cheap
watches, and the receipts were not over
$300.
The youth next tried the quack line,
"Astounding!" ran his advertisements.
"The American Doctor Kinley begs to
draw the attention of the French public
to his cures. He cures every malady,
even those described as incurable. For
pamphlet send five francs ($1) to M. Kin
ley, 8 Rue de la Harpe." The "American
specialist" treated his patients by cor
respondence. He, of course, exacted an
other fee for his remedy, which was put
up in gaudy boxes and consisted of cigar
ashes. Hundreds of testimonials were
received by the swindler, thanking him
for his marvelous remedy and telling how
splendidly it had cured. These were
I genuine testimonials, ana me wiimit;i a
dooks snow tnat ne maae several uiuu
sand dollars by this scheme.
He either got tired of it or the money
did not come in fast enough, for he start
ed another in a few months. In this he
became in imagination a newspaper pro
prietor and tourist agent rolled in one.
His advertisements were as follows:
"Free excursions! From Paris to Lon
don and New York for $20 by subscribing
to the journal. 'New York, London,
France.' To Chicago and the Wild West
for $5 extra. Send postal order to M.
Morin, 8 Rue de la Harpe."
He actually had rpund-trip tickets of
many colors printed, bearing the names
of fictitious steamshp lines and railroads,
one of which was the National Railway
of America, Department of New York.
But suckers did not bite fast enough on
this wonderful idea, so the boy swindler
went Into the quack business again, but
this time to treat cattle. This was his
announcement :
"The Treasure of the Farm! Cures all
diseases in cattle. Send five francs to M.
Morin. 8 Rue de la Harpe and get the
Sovereign Remedy with Instructions how
to apply it." L
Farmers in the provinces sent some
thousands of dollars and got the same
old cigar ash remedy, but there were not
as many testimonials from the animals
as there had been from the humans.
The next scheme was "W'rlting without
ink. Send $1 to M. Morin, etc., and he
will send you the formula to write with
out ink." While he was still working this
swindle he was arrested while in the act
of stocking up -for presumably some new
swindle. It appears that Rougier, in
order to get goods for nothing, would
seek employment in various kinds of
stores and stay one or two days, just
long enough to steal some stationery,
cards and rubber stamps. He chose out
of town stores and generally found out
where the merchant dealt In Paris. Then
he would visit this establishment, order
what goods he wanted as a special mes
senger, giving in return a stamped au
thorization on the merchant's stationery.
He worked for one day only at a drug
gist's at Nogent-sur-Marne. Then prop
erly armed with credentials he went to
a wholesale house in Paris and ordered
about $100 worth of goods, including some
poisons. He was to return in an hour,
when the goods would be ready for him.
Five minutes after he left the store In
walked the druggist from Nogent-sur-Marne.
When he started to give an order
he was told of the one already being
packed for him, and the consequences was
that when Rougier returned the police
were there waiting for him. And only
through this arrest and the subsequent
overhauling of his room In the Rue de la
Harpe did the police discover that the
boy swindler was a veritable Napoleon
at the game.
NEGROES ARE HELD
Four Charged With Extermi
nation of White Family.
CRIME A DASTARDLY ONE
Prisoner Confesses Part in Fiendish
B
Affair and Populace Roused to
Intense Fitch Lynching Is
Narrowly Averted.
BARBOUR'S JUNCTION. N. C July
14. (Special.) Four negroes Georgo
Bvans. Jack Dillingnam. Mitchell Graham
and his wife are under arrest on suspi
cion of being implicated in the murder,
last night, of Isaac Lyerly. his wife and
three children at his home. Three posses
are still searching with bloodhounds.
The murder constitutes ones of the most
dastardly crimes ever committed in the
state, and the people are thoroughly
aroused to hunt down the guilty ones.
Lyerly and his family were killed with a
club while they slept, and the heads of
all five victims were pounded Into a pulp.
An effort was made to burn the house In
which the bodies lay. The fire awakened
two older daughters, who slept upstairs,
and when they discovered the condition
of their parents and other children, the
alarm was quickly given.
Late tonight John Graham made a full
confession, implicating all of the negroes
under arrest. His father, Mitchell Gra
ham, was thij chief conspirator. John
said the muroers had been committed
with two axesi and told where the weap
ons were hidden. He said It was the in
tention of the murderers, after killing the
parents and children, to capture the two
little girls who slept upstairs and burn
them alive. They were frightened off be
fore their fiendish deed was entirely exe
cuted. The feeling among the citizens is Intense
and lynching Is momentarily expected.
Lte tonight the prisoners were brought
to Charlotte on a late train to prevent a
lynching.
"SEE AMERICA FIRST.
Tlie Denver ft RIo Orande has resumed
the operation of Its open-top and parlor
observation cars through Colorado's
famous scenery scenery not found else
where In the world. All reduced rates.
Apply via this route. For whatever In
formation you may desire call upon W. C.
M r Bride. 124 Third street.
ITALIANS HELD MURDER
Ten of Gang Suspected of Crime Are
In Jail.
LA CROSSE, Wis.. July 14. Ten of the
Italians wanted for the murder of City
Marshal John Isaacs, of Prescott last
night, have been arrested. The Sheriff
charges that the ringleader of the mur
derers is Joe M. Masaura. the only man
In the gang who speaks English. Twenty
of the Italians are still missing and are
being hunted down.
Dyspepsia
Don't think you can cure your dyspepsia
In 'any other way than by strengthening
and toning your stomach.
That is weak and incapable of performing
Its functions, probably because you have
imposed upon it in one way or another over
and over again.
Yon should take
Hood's Sarsaparilla
It strengthens and tones the stomach,
and permanently cures dyspepsia and all
Stomach troubles. Accept no substitute.