PAGES 1 TO 12
VOL. XXV-NO. 2.
PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 14, 1906.
PRICE FIVE GENTS.
OUR GOVERNMENT,
S IT TRULY OURS?
Lincoln Steflfens Pro
poses to Find Out.
IS IT REPRESENTATIVE?
Writer Says Trail of Corruption
Leads to Washington.
INVESTIGATES IN CAPITAL
"11 the Railroads Rule the United
States, if tlio Special Interests
Utile 3fy Country, I'd Like
to Knotv It," He Saysr
WHO IJNCOLN STEFFENS IS.
Linooln StefCcns is a. noted author
and journalist. He was born in San
Francisco In 1S6G and was graduated
from tlic Vnivcrslty oC California in
1SS9. He then studied in the Uni
versities of Borlln, Heidelberg, Lelp
bIc. Paris and Sprbonne. He Joined
the staff of tiry. New York Evening
I'Ofct, -became assistant city editor of
that newspaper and later city editor
of the Jfew York Commercial Adver
tiser. In September. 1901, li be
came managing editor of McClure's
Magazine, with which he is now con
nected. He is the author of "The
Shame- of the Cities" and has won
distinction for his fearless exposes of
graft and corruption In city and state
governments.
WASHINGTON. D. C, Jan. 33. (Spe
cial Correspondence.) I have come to
Washington in the plain character, of a
private citizen to find out all I can about
my Government. It Is mine; or, it should
he; yours, too, of courser- But I say
'mine" -with a definite thought In mind:
"Our" government should represent us,
H or us; not only the good citizens, hut
the bad also, and not only the bad, but
the good, the bad and the indifferent. For
we are all sorts, and our Government
hag to deal 'with us all. But my thought
is that a ' representative government
should stand especially for those of its
citizens who don't want to get anything;
out of it but fair play and fairly efficient
service.
Now you may be asking some fa
vor for yourself or your friend oc
your friend's friend; or. for your
business or your party or your state or
your river. It mayvbc all right for "our"
Government to grant you what you
want, but I have noticed that men who
get what they want out of "our" Gov
ernment arc disposed to judge leniently
of the administration of It as a whole.
On the o' hand, when men fall to
get what they seek, they are inclined
to condemn the whole thing:, and rather
harshly. So I cannot be sure of you, as I
am of myself. For I know that I have
nothing to ask that everybody should not
nave, nelthor an office nor a contract,
neither a wrong grant nor a 'good bill";
nor yet the news.
The point of my purpose lies in the fact
that, though I am a reporter, nfy Interest
Is personal, not professional; it is simply
that of a simple citizen who seeks to un
derstand simply if. and how, his Govern
ment is attending to his business.
Slate and City Governments Corrupt.
And I really want to know this. 1 have
spent all .the years of my mature life In
quiring into the condition and the char
acter of our state and municipal govern
ment, and I know something about them.
They are corrupt. Some are worse than
others, but none Is very good. In a few
cities and in fewer states there are move
ments afoot to achieve better things.
Indeed, there are signs of an awakening
all over the country In cities and states.
Yet the typical American Government is
bad in our cities and In our states.
How about the National Government?
Is that any better? The average Ameri
can citizen seems to think it is. In cities
and in states where the good citizen has
given up in despair, he will brighten up
when you mention the federal establish
ment. Our American optimism takes
refuge in the declaration made again and
again to me that "anyhow, as a Nation,
wo are all right."
"The National Government Is sound,"
wp say.
Is it? The observation which trans
formed me from an easy-going reporter
into a concerned citizen was that the so.
called political corruption of St. Louis
was like that of New Tork, and that
what went on In those cities went on
also in Minneapolis and Pittsburg and
Philadelphia and Chicago. The causes
were much the same, and the prices and
the forms and the effects. And the same
causes were at work corrupting the
states, where in Ohio and in Rhode
Island, In New Jersey and Illinois and
New Tork and Wisconsin these same
forces working in the same way were
producing the one very same result a
revolutionary change in the essential na
ture of our Government. . Then I noticed
that the corruption of the cities spread
up Into their states, and that the corrup
tion of the states reached down Into the
cities. Municipal reform was checked by
state corruption, and state reform, was
checked by municipal corruption, because,
forsooth, state corruption and municipal
corruption were all one astern of cor
ruption. ,
that when we Americans .once understand
our corruption we wiir throttle the'beast
to death.
Trall-Jjeads to; the Capital.
But I found "t that I couldn't grasp the
beast1 in-the'cltles'.and states. Wherever
I followedUhe trail of -municipal -'corruption
up'into-a -stale I -met' evidences of
Federal corruption, and I 'have seen citi
zens .who, having beaten the beast in their
city, liave -proceeded against it in the
state, only to encounter there what
looked like a sympathetic national sys
tem. What did that mean? What does
It mean that wherever I have traveled
the broad main highway of our commercial-political
corruption, whether In a city
or in a state, always the footprints of the
big, successful political-- grafters have
pointed off toward ..Washington? What
are they doing in Washington? Did they
come here to retire and Teform? Recent
disclosures concerning certain depart
ments and men suggest" that the lessons
learned at Thome have been applied here
only with the improved skill of the prac
ticed expert. Is that so? Is Washington
to politics what New York is to business,
the Mecca of the finished rascals, or Is ft
more liko Newport a sort of.A'alhalla
for the grafters that are done grafting?
No? Neither? Well, that is what I
want to settle for myself. That is why,
having turned from cities to states. I am
going now from the states Into the United
States. Since our bad city governments
and our bad state governments are all
one bad system, I'd like to know if these
are but parts of a national system.
And wo do not anticipate. I - have
crossed, in the cities and "states, the
tracks of good men. also, who have gone
on up to Washington. And there are
more, no doubt, of whom I never heard.
The President told mo once before he
was President that the character of the
House of Representatives, for example,
was high, very high; and that there were
in that body a surprisingly large number
of able, courageous men. Good. What
are they doing there? How are they
doing It? ll Is sometimes hard for good
men to do good work In public office:
what difficulties do good men encounter
In Washington? I must wck out theec
men and ask them. They will tell mc
the truth, and I will tell you the truth.
And If the President is right about the
Hou6-: und If the scandals exposed in
the departments are exceptional; and If
the Senate has been misrepresented as
much as it is accused of misrepresenting
us, then the truth about Washington will
be interesting and pleasant for a private
citizen to know of his own knowledge.
Free to "Pursue the Truth.
And 1 shall know. I have a right to
know what is going on, and so have you.
and I mean to know; know, too. of my
own knowledge, and I mean to make that
knowledge yours. How? I shall ask
questions, and I shall report those ques
tions to you. When 1 get answers, I
shall report those answers to you. And
If I get no answers, I shall report that
to you. But if I get no answers. I shall
"gd out and answer my own questions my
self. This may take time, but I- have
plenty of time. It may be necessary to
go hack Into the states and districts
whence "our" representatives come, but
I am free to travel. You see. having no
news to watch for, I can pursue the truth
and nail IU
But tli ere should be no obstacles in the
way of my quest, since all that T have to
ask may be summed up In one short sen
tence: "What do you represent?"
That is the question to put to a repre
sentative democracy: and surely that is a
proper question" for a representative to
answer.
Whether he be the President or a Jus
tice of the Supreme Court, a United
States Senator or a member of the Hotue,
(Concluded on page 2.)
LEY
CHEERED
OPEN
T
Rebuke to Rogers for Flip
pancy , and . Contempt
Draws Applause.
CONTEMPT CASE .ARGUED
OH Magnate Accused of Inflaming
Public by Ills -Manner Pierce
Agrees to Testify and
Volunteers Evidence.
STANDARD' Oil. OX TRIAL.
CONTEMPT VrtOCEEDINGSHad
! retorts that Rogers provoked
sensational reports by flippancy, friv
olity and contempt for Missouri Su
preme Court. Crowd in u- Tork
Supremo Court applauds. Decision
deferred.
PIERCE WILL TESTIFY" H. C.
Pierce, who fled on yacht to avoW
testifying, agrees to return and tes
tify before Missouri Supreme Court.
ROGERS VOLUNTEERS BVI
DENCB Hoger voluntarily appears
before Commissioner and testifies he
made no deal with Pierce.
MORE EVIDENCE OF MONOPOLV
Several former Standard OH em
ployes testify to facts confirming
chanre f combination wit in
tended competitor?.
. 4
NEW YORK. Jan. IS. There wan an
unusual scene in the Supreme Court of
the State of New York tqdny when Attorney-General
Herbert S. Hadley. of Mis
souri, arguing before Justice Gildarsiccve
on the role to compel H. If. Rogers, of
the Standard OH Company, to answer
questions in the Missouri state Inquiry
into certain oil companies operating there,
was applauded and cheered by the crowd
in the court-room as he concluded an
arraignment of Mr. Rogers for the posi
tion he has taken in the inquiry. A de
cision was deferred until Monday.
At the conclusion of the arguments, dur
ing which Mr. Rogers attorneys reiter
ated. lbatUie relevancy of the questions
asked their client is pending before the
Supreme Court of Missouri, and should
not be dealt with here until a decision
Is rendered by that court. Justice Gilder
sleeve adjourned the matter until Mon
day, at which time, it Is expected, proofs
will be submitted as to the status of the
oil inquiry in Missouri, of which the New
York hearings are a part.
William V. Rowe filed the to mm I an
swer of Mr. Rogers, of which the sub
stance was given In yestwday's dis
patches. ImmalcrlalSays Standard Man.
Frank liagerman. of Kanakas City, rep
resenting the three respondent oil com
panies, said the attempt to discover the
stock ownership of the respondent com
panies was immaterial. Mr. Hadley
brought the proceedings, he said, under a
statute the legality of which the re
spondents challenged. The secretary
ALEXANDER E. ORR, WHO HAS BEEN CHOSEN PRESIDENT
OF THE NEW YORK LIFE
Alexander Ector Orr, who has been elected president of the New York Life
in succession to John A McCalL has long been conspicuous, financially and
commercially. In New York City. Hdhas been president several times of the
Produce Exchange and of the Chamber of Commerce, and has been at the
Iiead" of the Board of Rapid Transit Commissioners. Mr. Orr waa born at Stra
bane. County Tyrone. Ireland, March 2. ,1 31. When he first came-to. America.
in-1650 it was as a visitor, but he speedily decided to remain permanently,
and ilrst was employed In shipping and commission houses. In 1SG1 he became
a partner of David Doi.& Co.. and rlnce that time has been one of the noted
business men or the metropolis. Mr. Orr Is a director In many financial and
philanthropic institution.
of the Republic Oil Company was
requested to bring - the stock Into
the Missouri court, and the question
was referred to the Missouri Supreme
Court for determination. The master be
fore whom the case was tried In Missouri,
Mr. Hagerman said, suspended all pro
ceedings there until the question whether
the stock ownership and control of the
companies must be disclosed could be de
termined. Mr. Hadley then, according to
Mr. Hagerman, came to New York, and
under the New York statute, took testi
mony and asked questions along the same
lines as were pending In the decision In
Missouri. Mr. Hagerman declared that
the stock ownership is not material and
cited a decision in Missouri In the tobacco
trust litigation.
Rather Busy With Trusts.
"Your Honor may have noticed." he
Bald, "that out in that country they are
rather busy with what are known as
trusts."
Mr. Hagerman said he contended that
of t5 questions asked Mr. Rogers, 23 have
nothing whatever to do with the business
affairs of the two alleged offending cor
porations. Mr. Hadley. Mr. Hagerman
declared. Ignored the Supreme Court of
the State of Missouri by asking these
questions, and the witness had a right
to refuse pending the deci3lon of that
court.
William J. Curtis, of counsel for the
defendants, said that the atmosphere of
the examination conducted by Mr. Hadley
was not dignified. Mr. Curtis asked to
enter his professional protest against
what he termed the-sensationalism with
which the case had been conducted.
What Hadley Alleges.
As Mr. Hadley was about to begin his
address. Justice Glldcrslecvc asked him
to state the Issue in the case clearly, and
added that the question of stock owner
ship did not. seem very" material In prov-
(Concludcd on page 3.)
Tl
!ay.
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
The Weather.
YBSTKRDAVS Maximum temperature. r.l
4eg.; minimum. 10. Precipitation, o.tt f
an Inch.
TODAY'S Rain.' Fresh south to wost breeae.
I'orelgn.
British Liberals mak Immense galme In ttc
tlH and defeat ilalfour. Page 1.
Germany eek harmony about Morocco I tut
wty Hgnt If honor Is attacked. Page
Morale arrives wounded In Porto Rico.
Page
Kula.
Courier tell of perilous Journey through re
bel Hohs provinces. Page 1...
New Year" celebration In capital ends in
dramatic tragedy. Page 3.
National.
Babeeek confers with Cannon on Hoete in
surgent?. Page 2.
Plan of Republican leader for tariff re
taliation en" Germany. Page X
Senate may refuse to confirm. Bishop a
4 Canal Commissioner. Pag-"I3.'"" "
Debate on .Philippine bill ends Mond:
Pago 2.
llcnhann determined to take seat In House.
Page l.
FtU.Itles In honor of Chinese Commission.
Page 14.
Morlwether to be tried for hazing: rour mid
dles will be eenvlcted. Page It.
Politic.
Lincoln Stiffen heginx new Investigation
In Washington to find out who rules the
United Slate?. Page 1.
Domestic. - .'
Hadley xigoroasly attacks" Rogers and Is
applauded in court. Page 1.
Court rejoetjt Mrs. 1-eargree' claim and
severely condemns her. Page -.
Gigantic fraud In New York discovered.
Page 2.
Horrible murder of woman In Chicago.
Page 3.
Passengesv and crew of steamer Cherokee in
peril. Page 11.
Pacific Coast.
Jasper Jennings seems to enjoy hi trial for
murder of his father at Grant' Pass.
Page 4.
With popcorn and tomafoes. Claude Barker.
Of Salem, ends a 34-day fast. Page 5.
Preliminary trial of Harry Orchard is begun
at Caldwell. Idaho. Page 3.
Echo Waterusers Association Is formed,
with a clear track. Page 4.
Development company files en Deschutes
River flow for power purposes. Page 3.
11. L. Hartampf dies at Hlllsboro of Injury
received in friendly struggle. Page 4.
Mrs. Nlese. infanticide, pardoned from
Washington Penitentiary. Page I.
Sport.
Fltzsimmens plays wily trick. Page IT.
New football rules agitated. Page 17.
Clever dog- taught tricks. Page 17.
Baseball averages announced. Page 17.
Psclnc Coast League waits for Seattle's de
cision. Page 17.
Commercial and Marine.
Heavy buyinr movement In hop market
Page 35.
California prune market Improving. Page 33.
More public Interest In Wall street specula
tion. Page 33.
Chicago wheat market firm on foreign ad
vices. Page 33.
Bank statement shows large gain In cash.
Page 33.
Pilots will present vigorous protest against
proposed railroad bridge near Swan Island
when matter comes up for public hearing
Page H.
Steamer Abergeldle. from Portland, damaged
In collision at Yokohama. Page II.
Portland and Vicinity.
Meier 4 Frank buy land and will bulid
eight-story annex. Page 9.
Editors decide on advertising and elect offi
cers. Page 10.
Galloway Democratic candidate for Congress
In First District. Page S.
Building or homes feature of realty for the
week. Page 32.
Husband has no curtsey right, 'decides Judge
Cleland. Page S.
Sons of Revolution will celebrate 200th an
niversary of "birth of Benjamin Franklin.
Page V.
Patrons of Richards fear aubpenas. Page 36.
Mountain Gem twice wrecked en reefs In
rivtr. Page 11.
Colored woman says she was drugged and
robbed In Pullman car by porters.
Page S.
Record of a day In the Municipal Court
Page 30.
Feature and Department.
Editorial. Page G.
Church announcements. Page 3-1.
Classified-advertisements. Pages 15-23.
Youth' department. Page 47.
Epitome of Benjamin Franklin's life.
Page-35.
The "Roosevelt Bears." Page 46.
Frederic J. ' Haskln's letter. Page "41.
Rulers In Washington's - social empire.
Page 4S. ' , -
Dr. Newell Dwlght -Hints' sermon. iPage 37.'
Recollections of Judge George If." Williams.
Page 3S. - , . j.
Ireland's dream of home rule n earing reali
zation. Page 39. .....-
Five fables by the late -.Horace -S. Lyman.
Page 39. . " -
Miss Tingle's cooking lesson. rge42..
Social. Pages 2S-27. . -.-
Dramatic Pages 2S-29.
Musicat Page 32. -.-.
Book reviews. Page 34. ; lit.
KrttKk14 aad fuUra-P&KM-42.;.
TIP
BRftVE REBUKE
Hermann- Will' Take - Oath - in
House When Health
Improves.'
CONFERS- WITH -FULTON
'o Open -Objection Will ; Be- -Made,
but Members Will Show-Itescnt- '
nicnt Family Says-Xoth-.
Inp About Trial. .
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington. Jan. IX Representative Binger
Hermann today went .out for the first
time since "he 'arrived In-Washington a
week ago last Friday. This morning
shortly after breakfast hecalled on Sen
ator Fulton at his 'apartments In the
Portland, and after a brief talk. left, say
ing he intended to call on Senator Gcarin
and then return to lib home. - Mr. Gearln
had left his hotel before Hermann ar
rived and the two did not meet.
Hermann dkl not go to the Capitol to
day. He made no nttempt to .be sworn in,
nor did he. call to collect hla milease. He
looks little different from what he did
when he was last In Washington, but Is
weak because of a renewed attack of
erysipelas, which centered In his logs,
and he is not able to walk far, at a time.
He would not submit to an interview and
his son-in-law and attorney is not willing
to seak for him.
Determined to Invite iitth.
For this reason it Is not possible to
obtain any authoritative statement to
Hcrnta nil's plans, but In view of the fact
that he hnn written numerous letters de
claring libs purpose to tuko his scat in the
Hottfe and look after Oregon Interests
and In view of the further fact that he
came to Washington away ahead of the
time when the Government will be ready
to try him. it Is believed Hermann will
present himmlf at the bar of the House,
and ask to be sworn In just as soon as
he Is physically able.
It is within the power of any member
of the Hou-e to object to allowing Her
mann, to take the oath, but it Is doubtful
If any tibjectton will be raised if he has
the effrontery to go Into the Houic and
ask to be rworn. Member? generally dis
approve his course in coming to Washing
ton, and most of them will resent his
forcing his presence upon the House un
der existing circumstances, but no one
member likes to undertake the disagree
able tak of objecting to the administra
tion of the oath to another member.
But. If Hermann is sworn in. he will
be made to feel the resentment of his
colleagues after he takes his seat. It will
be a silent but effective rebuke that
would stun any but a thick-skinned man.
One experienced member of the House
said today that, while he regrets that
Hermann intends to take hi? scat, he
himself would not like to ralae an ob
jection, but he added that if this mat
tor could be submitted to a secret ballot
the House would vote almost unanimous
ly to exclude Hermann.
Hermann and his friends and relatives
are still mum as to the course he . will
pursue in regard to the trial- which the
Government hay planned .to. take, place
the last week in March. No .official move
has been made and, -so -far as the court
Is advised, it is not known whether Her
mann will face trial when opportunity is
offered or claim Immunity under the con
stitution until Congress adjourns. The
opinion Is growing that he will evade trial
as long as possible.
Herniann Is extremely incensed at the
newspapers for what they have "printed
about him. and declares with much feel
ing that he has been, unjustly treated.
His criticism is aimed especially at The
Oregonlan and Washington Post.
If he Is able to go-out on Monday, it Is
quite probable-he will go to the House, ask
to .have theroatti administered and take his
seat. unless objection .is raised." If he does
not. appear Monday, he will put in an
appearance as soon thereafter- as he is
able. He Is still under the doctor's care.
PATENTS OX OHEGOX- CLAIMS
Gearln Gets Assurance That Hitch
cock Will Recall Suspension.
OREGONIAN NEWS 'BUREAU. Wash
ington. 'Jan. 13. On behalf of the miners
and homesteaders of Oregon. Senator
Gearln has requested the Interior Depart
ment to withdraw Its order of last March
suspending patents on mineral and home
stead entries in that state. The Senator
is especially interested in having patents
issued on mineral entries where proof is
complete.
Assurance Is given .that, when Secretary
Hitchcock returns, he will direct that pat
ents Issue on perfected mineral claims,
and it is quite probable that the restric
tions on homesteads will be removed In
cases where proof Is satisfactory.
Pension, far McKinley's Xcphcw.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Jan. 13. The Senate has passed
Dubois' bill granting a pension of 5100 a
month to Russell A. McKinlcy. Jr., of
Boise, nephew of President McKInley.
sight In both eyes was destroyed while
serving in Cuba. The bill I3 certain to
become a law this Winter.
Grazing on Forest llcscrvcs.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington, Jan. 13. -Permission was today
granted for grazing 7230 head of cattle. and
COCO sheep on the. Washington forest re
serve next Summer, a tax of 7 ecnt bein-
i Imposed on each sheep and 25 cents on
I cattle. Perrrit5tfnii tl-ou ntest n-ini rr.
cattle. Permission was also granted for
grazing 2C0O cattle m the Maury. Mountain
reserve. Oregon, at 25 cents per head.
Wcnatcbce Bridge Bill Passed.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Jan.' 13. The House of Represent
atives, on motion of Jones, tonight passed
the .Senaicbill authorizing the Washing
ton Bridge Company to construct a br ge
across the Columbia River at Wenatchee
to provide for wagon and foot passen
gers, trolley cars and also to carry an
Irrigation and power flume. The bill now
lacks only the signature of the President
to make It a law.
Another Carrier far Yakima.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Jan. 13. The postmaster of North
Yakima has been authorized to employ
one additional lettercarrier after Feb
ruary 1.
Female Fraud Behind Bars.
I
t
I rnr.lTMRfa n Inn in Snota 1
Mrs. Cai-sie I. Chadwlck, the Cleveland
woman of frenzied finance, spent the
first day of her ten-year prison term in
the penitentiary hospital. When she re
covers her strength she will be placed
t at work In the prison laundry. No fa
vors will be given her. All the ceils in
Jhe women's department are occupied,
and when she leaves the, hospital she will
slcev on a cot In the corridor.
SIR M. E. GRANT DUFF, NOTED MEMBER OF
PARLIAMENT, IS DEAD
-.1
The .ntelUgence. in yesterday's telegrams, of theWeath. In England, or Sir
ilountstuart E?phlnatone Grant Duff came as a painful surprise to our English
and Scotch readers, and to many others who knew him from his "Diary." For
25 years consecutively he represented the "Elgin Burghs' (In north of Scot
land) In the House of Commons. He was then appointed Governor of the
Province of Madras. India, filling the position for seven years. During his term
of office Bunnah was added to the British possessions. On his return to Eng
land he was knighted, the honor carrying with It a seat In the House of Lords.
During- one of Mr. Gladstone's, terms as Premier. Mr. Grant Duff held the. post
In his cabinet or Under Secretary of State for the Colonies. From the day he
entered college, as a young man. he began a diary, which he continued closely
till a few years ago. The work covers over halt a century of a most mo
mentous period In the history' of Great Britain and of the world., A year or
two ago it was published in New Tork: and attracted .wide attention. Sir
M. E. Grant Duff was In his 76th year.
CRUSHING GLU
GIVEN BALFOUR
Liberals Make Great
Gains in Britain.
EX-PREMIER IS DEFEATED
Weak Candidate Gets Large
Majority Over Him.
NO HOPE FOR PROTECTION
Result in SO Constituencies Shows
Liberals Gain 18 Scats in Par
liament Free-Traders Arc ,
Mobbed In Birmingham.
, THE IATE PARLIAMENT.
The result of the election held In
September and October, 1000. was:
Conservatives ...................S3t
Liberal Unionists ................. W
Liberals ...18
Irish Nationalists c
Total ..670
Ministerial majority ...... ......13t
The Mlsterial majority had been
considerably reduced, before Parlia
ment was dissolved. Liberals havln?
gained a number of seats at bye
elcctlonn. The seats are divided among the king
doms a follows: England 465. Wales
SO. Scotland 72. Ireland 103.
LONDON. Jan. 13. The political map
of England today underwent a striking
change as the result of Parliamentary
elections held in 39 constituencies in
widely scattered but important centers.
In which the Liberals gained IS seats.
The Laboritcs. who are counted among
the Liberal gains, secured -four new
seats against Unionist candidates.
In the east division of Manchester
Arthur J. Balfour, the ex-Prime Minister
was defeated by T. G. Horridge, Liberal,
who was conceded even by the Liberals
to be a weak candidate against such a
person as Mr. Balfour. Mr. Horridge
secured the remarkable majority of 19S0.
Tnls victory, notwithstanding the Liberal
predictions, was a decidedly sensational
outcome of the day's polling and will. It
is believed, enormously effect the elec
tions, which will continue for a fort
night. Winston Churchill. Liberal and Free
Trader, won the scat for the northwest
division of Manchester from W. Johnson
Hicks. Conservative, by a majority of
1241.
Liberals Gain Immensely.
Everywhere the Liberal majorities were
increased and the net result of the first
day's contest between the great political
parties was overwhelmingly in favor of
the present government. Although only
66 seats are now filled out of the 670 re
quired for the new Parliament, which will
meet at Westminster February 15. the
composition of the House as shown by
the results received up to midnight, is
as follows:
Liberals 39. Unionists It. Laboritcs 6,
Nationalists 7. This includes 24 candi
dates who were unopposed and the two
candidates elected at Ipswich Friday.
Little disorder attended the polling at
any place. The excitement at Manches
ter was intense and the candidates and
their constituents worked with feverish
activity, especially in the district Mr.
Balfour was contesting, when reports
were circulated late In the afternoon that!
Mr. Balfour was in danger of defeat.
Majority Will Be Overwhelming.
Political clubs received the returns by
special wires and' everywhere the defeat
of Mr. Balfour was received as a most
complete surprise. Then, as Liberal gain
was added to Liberal gain until the re
markable total of 22 seats, counting the
Laborltes. out of 39 constituencies wan
reached. It was agreed that the Liberal
majority Jn the next Parliament would
show the overwhelming decision of the
country
Dispatches received from Manchester
say that the excitement there tonight
was Indescribable. Great crowds
swarmed the streets cheering and dem
onstrating with the utmost enthusiasm.
Balfaur Will Try Again.
Mr. Balfour tonight addressed a gath
ering at the Conservative Club. He
acknowledged the gravity of the disas
ter, but predicted short life for the Lib
eral government. He urged the Union
ists to continue to work for the party and
the future reversal of today's results.
Of course Mr. Balfour will find an
other safe seat before the elections are
over by one of the Unionist candidates
retiring In his favor. Up to the pres
ent, however, there is no Indication
where the former Premier will find
this place where he can secure a ma
jority which will enable him to take
his seat as a leader on the front op
position bench.
Among the Unionists who saved
their seats in the general landslide
were Sir Gilbert Parker at Gravesend.
with a majority of 800 over J. Mac
pherson. the Labor and Liberal candi
date. George Wyndham. former Chief
Secretary for Ireland, the Unionist
candidate for Dover, also retained his
seat over R. J. Bryce. Liberal and
Free Trader.
Five of the six divisions of 3Ian
chester were won by the Liberals, the
jCCoBcluded, os saga 3.)
PcwriKisUc? Net & it I believe
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