ITHE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, OCTOBER i, 1905. 40 ' SEGREHAJCf THE, CU3TCDIAAT9 QF CJSFE5bED IHEFTc3 FRA.THE GVERAIMT I IWWIHI 111 iMssMP IIIWIMIW i I I I I i vm r V' HKIMU i HI ,a WASHINGTON. D. 0. September 25. Special Correspondence of -The Sunday Oregonfan.) Secre- tary of the Treasury Shaw is, by virtue of his exalted office, Uncle Sam's father confessor, and the non.-sectarian con fessional which he conducts In the big:, crumbling; sandstone pile just east of the White House annually adds no- in significant figure to the revenues of tho Government. Now and then; among the hundreds of news paragraphs dally flashed broadcast from Washington, your eye lights upon the Intelligence that somo person, invariably unnamed and al most Invariably unknown, . has con tributed perhaps "one cent, or perhaps thousands of, dollars to the Federal ' "conscience fund." Tho Earliest Penitent. It was back In 1S11 on tho eve of our second war with Johnnlo Bull when some penitent sinner up In New York State Inaugurated, thus custom of dropping Into tho National coffers coin of the realm which had weighed mightily upon his conscience o' nights. This initial contribution was 51, and it waB not "until 1861 a half-century later that another conscience awoke in the same material manner. This aecond contribution, received shortly after the breaking out of xho Civil "War, was J6000 in bonds, accompanied by a statement that tho sum had long been duo the Government, and that the remittance was prompted by con science." Thi3 concluding clause gave tho fund the name which it has subse quently borne. It has since remained open, and the amounts received are converted into the Nation's hoard as miscellaneous receipts, which mar be used, like any other assets of tho Treasury, for whatever purpose Con gress may deem proper. It has been suggested that the public conscience would pay the public debt, if once thoroughly aroused. However this may be. It has within the past 44 years wnen it reawakened trom its 50 years' slumber added more than J1TO.O00 to the revenues of the Nation. If we draw an average wo find that within this period" of Its renewed activity it has yielded cash at the rate of some $9000 per annum enough to pay the combined salaries of the Secretary of the Treasury and one of his clerks. It is highly probable that manifoldly more citizens would each year thus pui;ge themselves of guilt were their minds satisfied as to several facts, viz: Identities Never Divulged. Uncle Sam never seeks the Identity of any contributor to the conscience fund, nor does he ever allow communications inclosing such payments to be utilized by any one who might wish to trace them to their sourqes. He never betrays givers who frankly give their names. Such names are not entered upon the official records. "No questions asked," la the policy of Chief E. B. Daskam, of the division of public moneys, the official keeper of the THE one essential characteristic of graceful womanhood is poise. With the mind this is self-possession at tained by having an Ideal In llfo and liv ing up to it under any and all difficulties. With the body it Is a perfect control of every member acquired by steady con trol of tho breathing apparatus the en gine of the physical machine. Singing Is the art which teaches this control as nothing else can. "But," one girl says, "I can't sing and I can never learn how to sing. In the first place I haven't any singing volce.v The expert answors: "Every girl has a singing volco If she once learns to use her diaphragm. Her tones may not havo the sweetness of Pattl's nor the power of Nlelsson's, because these qualities depend on the shape of the vocal organs and un ceasing practice. But there Is no reason why every girl should not"earn to sing melodiously, and in singing secure the physical benefits which accrue from prop er use of the voice." Rightly to understand the value of voice culture, a girl must consider flrs.t some of the exercises which help her to set control of the diaphragm. No. 1. Place the hands on the sides of the ribs so that the elbows stand straight out from the body and the finger tips cover the lower edge of the front of each rib. With the base of tho hands press In the ribs until every bit of air is expelled from the lower part of the lungs and tho fingers almost meet. Now Inhale slowly through tho nostrils, allowing the lower part .of the lungs to expand first, the hands separating gradually until they are as far apart as the breath will spread them. ' No. 2. With the tips of the fingers on the very middle of the chest, press down on the breastbone until the .lungs are contracted to their utmost. Inhale gent ly, filling the lower part of the lungs first. Allow the chest to rise slowly un til it is thoroughly expanded, and the elbows aro standing straight out and pointing well back from the body. No. 3. Best the fingers on the fleshy part of the body which lies Just at the separation of the two ribs. As you de liberately count ten, inhale, holding this point steadily as the lever of the breath- lair apparatus. When tho lungs 1 have reached the limit of expansion, explore The Physical Value of Voice Culture Some Simple Exercises for Developing and Then Controlling tho Diaphragm. conscience fund account at the Treasury Department. All "conscience letters" are carofully put away In separate files, every one of them as full of good reading as an oys ter is full of jneat. Bach such mission Is the page of a little drama enacted somewhere perhaps within a darkened death chamber, or, perhap. within the shadow or tho grim gallow. Itself. Many of the letters are written by priests, who forward the amounts' for penitent members of their flocks whose names are scrupulously wimneio. .nny are printed or scrawled In characters purposed to give tho impression that the senders aro illiterate. Only the postmarks reveal the source of 99 out of a hundred of these vonfcsslons. Ac knowledgement Is made through the newspapers at or near the localities where they have been mailed. largest and Smallest Deposits. The largest consclenco dopoait on record was received five years ago through our CorisUl-General In London from a British clergyii.in. remitting It on behalf of a sinner who had con fessed a fraud once perpetrated at tho expense of our Government. It was an English bill of exchange for the value of $14,255. in pounds sterling, drawn upon a New York bank and In favor of the Secretary of the Treasury. The smallest contribution received is accompanied by tho following ex planation, in illiterate penmanship: Mister Shaw I stole a Iced pensel In your office last month nnd I am orry for It now and I send you a cent to pay for it now so I gets square wld the guvemcnt ngen let mo no if Its all right wld you. It is bolievcd that many of the con tributions are prompted by religious revivals, held about the tlmo the cor respondents are heard from. The Scriptural admonition that the sinner should repay in fourfold is echoed in many of thy transmitting letters. For example, Secretary "fcnaw lately re ceived the following note, intelligently written with a pencil and inclosing tho largo amount stated: Dear Sir: I am sending you herewith In closed $1200, which is to so to the uses of the U. S. Government. Years ago I defraud ed the Govt, of money, hut havo returned It all. and now am paying fourfold In accord ance with the teaching of Sorlpture. The way of transgressor Is hard, and no one but God known how I hare suffered the con sequences, and I would seek to do a boun tiful restoration. May God pardon while the U. S. Govt, ,1s benefited, A SINNER. Misused -Stamps and Unpaid Duties. A large class of correspondents are violators of the postal laws. A letter from one of this category Incloses $1.50. although by on omission of the decimal, point, the amount Is stated at a hun dredfold that amount. "I inclose $150, which satisfies my 'conscience for a small ain't I have wronged the Gov'n't out of," It begins. "This Is posslblo fourfold the am't for packages mailed which had written matter in them and with postage only sufficient for pack the breath suddenly by a quick drawing In of this lever, which is the controlling muscle of the diaphragm. Like the han dles of a bellows, It governs the draw ing in and letting out of the breath. The last exercise has to be worked up gradually, as it is apt to make a person dizzy at first. As the diaphragm gains strength, the breath is exploded on tho words, baa, ba, bee. bo. boo in turn. None of these exercises can be practiced In tight clothes. The body must be per fectly free In order to expand to the limit of its capacity and contract accordingly. Dally practlc is likewise essential. The effect is a strengthening of the walls of the chest, expansion of the internal or gans and last and most Important, the awakening of tho diaphragm to ita sus taining powers. The next step in tho cultivation of the voice Is the development of theso sustain ing powers, xnis is accomplished uy vari ous breathing exercises in which the Hps and tongue are 'brought into play. No. L Inhale slowly and deeply. Then push the breath out slowly by "Contraction of the diaphragm and hold the Hps closed as If to say em. Make a humming sound while the breath is being exhaled, and if the exercise is properly practiced the Hp will quiver. Time the exhalation by a watch or clock so that It requires a whole or part of a second longer each week. No. 2. Stand before a lighted candle, allowing the mouth to come Just in front of the flame. With the Hps well forward repeat tho vowels aa. a, e, 1, o and u in turn, having the tone perfectly clear cut; that is, free from all breath. This can be determined by tho flame. When every bit of breathlness Is out of the vowel sound, the light "will remain absolutely steady. Tho least bit of hreafhiness will cause it to flicker. No. 3. Repeat the Twenty-third Psalm, keeping each word as free from breath as were the vowels in the preceding ex ercise. In both cases sustain the breath wlU? tho diaphragm muscle and hold it if possible longer each day. There are hundreds of methods for pro ducing the results obtained from the ex ercises Just given, but they -all work toward the one end the perfect control of the diaphragm which enables a person to force the breath over the vocal organs with evenness and as slowly or rapidly as occasion dem-nmd. It is the experience o all slnslng pupils ages without written matter.!' The com munication concludes: -"Best1 wishes. "PENITENT SINNER. "Pardon m and may God do so." "To His Majesty President Cleveland." ono of the quaintest of this class of let ters is addressed. "Deir President: I am in a doubtful state of mind and I thought I v, suld write 'and tell you fall. About two years ago asf near as I can remember it is two years -I used two postage stamps that had' been used be fore on letters." Sir ccpfs was inclosed. Another penitent violator of the pos tal laws incloses 20 cents "to replace stamps, that had been . oanceled poorly and were used a second time." He signs", himself, "One who wishes to be right with God." Five cents is returned by another user of canceled stamps, sign ing hlmsolf. "Ono who wishes to lead a' Christian life." . Many such letters are received from people who have mis used stamps "or underrated packages. Evaders of customs duties constitute an even larger class of penitents. A father send $2 as duty upon his child's watch, bought in Canada for $5. "Ihave no way of knowing what; the .duty Is," he adds, "but hope the labove amount will be "sufficient." A srriall card en velope addressed in the typical "picket fence" chirography of thtj society bell bore 52. sent as 'conscience monoy lor evaded customs ratcs." Shortly after ward 11 cents arrived In an. envelope of the same size, addressed by tho same hand. A larger envelope, posthiarked New York, bore JG150 in bill of denomina tions ranging from 550 ta. X500. "After much thought I have been convinced that duties were not fully paid, as de sired." states tho accompanying letter, which concludes: "Above has been great grief." Penitent Government Employes. Government employes form, another large class of these confessing penltonts. One returns 520." and waxes poetical, thus: . K . ; "Too much pay ' This month of May.'.' "A clear conscience softens tho hard est "bed," writes another, "jpnd as I am a poor Government clerk my bed is very hard and needs much softening; so I herewith return 12 cents" overpaid me lost payday, and. besides, I nave loafed a good deal lately." . A remorseful sinner, signing his full name. Incloses a check for $130 and con fesses: "I have been In the United States service many years, and a part or the time with rank which entitled me to two servants. I drew pay for two. but actually had but one. It' Is the com mon practice of officers to do this, and the paymasters are aware of It. I en tered the Army poor and sick too poor in fact to get along well without a clear conscience hence tiro check.' Another Government employe Incloses 52 for "some small articles"" taken dis honestly from his office. "Being an em ploye of the Government. I herewith re turn you J38.9S which I conscientiously that after a month or so of similar exer cises the chest increases an Inch or more in sire. Many women are obliged to have their bodices enlarged across the shoulders and the wearing of tight clothes around the waist becomes unendurable. So much for the direct benefits from the fundamental exercises of voice, culture which ore to singing what five-finger exer cises are to the playing of the piano. They continuo from the time the singing lessops .begin until long after the opera or concert singer steps into public notice with a finished voice. Indirectly the benefit of the exercises are legion, chief among them to a girl being the acquisition of a calm, dignified bearing Some of the Idea of the truth of this may be obtained In. a very simple way. When you feel particularly nervous In some one's presence or at the pros pect of meeting a new person, take a long, deep breath and exhale slowly by use of the diaphragm muscle. Your un easiness will givo way almost immediate ly to a feeling of surety and self-confi--dencc. This seldom fails and its. constant practice in singing soon makes a certain assurance as well as a calm control of the body habitual. Not all the physical value of voice cul ture, however. Is secured from proper use of the diaphragm. Singing also culti vates the use of the mouth and in bring ing the tones of the voice forward re lieves all tension at the back of the throat and tho vocal chords. ' Just here is where incompetent teach ing displays Its bad eeffcts. The voice which is hard, the voice which does not hit a note squarely on the head and the voice which has to screech to be heard all belong in the same class. All are duo to the same cause and in the end produce equally Injurious results. When a singing tone is directed from tho diaphragm muscle, the areath rushes over the vocal chords straight to tho front of the mouth. It stards to reasqn, therefore, that when one 'first begins to sing the power of the diaphragm is limit ed and the tone should be smalL A noisy tone at first means that some other agent has stopped in to help. This is usually the back of tha. throat, which contracts and forces out the tone, eventually hard ening the muscles and causing all sorts', of trouble with the larynx and the other vocal organs. - n On the other hand, a tone which come straight from the diaphragm grows grad ufSft Sv,rV'Z. Ill i mszr v II hi.. I ?.,ilhv, fcvnTVvi. -W. il-nyrt III extra oav Klven him by mistake. I iHyw. no..O W;".-.. iy- . m Tho most remarkable case of con- o- 1 ouo& t i 4 . yyu- cv 6- feel I am not entitled to." writes anoth er. An old soldter confesses: "While in the Army, In 1S63. at one time when there was bread being distributed I roan aged to get two loaves when I supposed ually stronger as the lever muscle ac quires power. The breath passing over vocal chords which are not strained by contraction of the throat strengthens all the delicate organs and renders any one who sings moderately almost proof against colds. The sounding board for the tone Is the roof of the mouth and the Hps. When It strikes this board properly It should vi brate so that the gentlest note can be heard throughout a room. A weak singing voice usually Indicates tnat the tone does not strike tho sounding board as it should. If the tongue is held In position for yawning the tone has a per fectly free sweep and vibrates with full force. ' The upper Hp determines the- shape of the tone; that Is, the sound of the con sonant and vowel which forms the word that Is sung. This Is a part of the (ace which has little consideration from the average girl, while If she did but know It, the upper lip Is ono of the most im portant factors In a pleasant, happy ex pression. A singing exercise for the upper Hp is to exaggerate the position which It takes on the different vowels. For in stance, after Inhaling deeply, sing on one note aa, e, I, o and oo. AA requires the mouth to be well open. A has the corners slightly drawn back, but the upper Hp quite free from teeth. E pulls the Hp up and out- O pushes both Hps forward and oo has them well puckered out into trumpet shape. Such an exercise, of course. Is only to limber the upper Hp. These exaggerated movements aro not at all necossary to correct sweet singing, but they greatly Im prove the appearance of a girl's niouth and enable her to keep it from an un comely display of the upper teeth. This concludes the fundamental prin ciples of voice culture, and while the exer cises given aro very rudimentary, they are the basis for all others. The girl who would study singing seriously must go much deeper into voice culture than this short article permits. The few rules set down give an Idea of tho scope of the singing voice. In its perfection It requires the concentrated forces of tho entire phy sical being, the lever of which Is the diaphragm, and the girl who would have poise and self-possession summed in the one word "charm" must master first the art of singing. SALLY CHAMBER LIN. The End of A'acatlon. Back to the old accuftcmed grind Front iea. or sylvan nooks. Twas there we left our cares behind; UkewtM our pocketbooTtn. Washington Star. I :P c7V. flh Svutfrt, - III 1 r. y " t P AlZt4aU4ii MTCUi CUV If e J J r I- r i I r wntirt)v - c o So it was intended for each person to only have one; therefore. In order to satisfy a reprovlns conscience, 1 remit 51. which I suppose will cover the amount with compound Interest." Another veteran Recipes From Also Some of the Jokes MAY IRWIN, who amused several thousand Portlanders last week. Is an author. She has written a cook' book and named It "May Irwin's Home Cooking." , Miss Irwin dedicates the book to those who have laughed at her serious efforts to be graceful and sylphlike for their benefit; to those who failed to laugh, and to those who. said "go ahead and eat it," when she could have been adhering to her saccharine table and dry tonin, with the hope that they may; bo tempted into eating "not wisely but too well." The interesting novelty Is that scattered all through the book aro a. lot of May Irwin's little Jokes and funny little pen-and-ink pictures drawn by her. i Here, for Instance, is her recipe for creamed kidneys: Six veal kidneys. Half a pint of milk. One cup of cream. One tablespoon of flour. One teaspoon of very finely chopped parsley. A little paprika, a dash of red pepper and salt to taste, Soak the kidneys in salt and water for two hours; thon rinse them off, and par boll for 20 minutes. Chop them reasonably fine and add th milk. Let It come to a boll; cream a tablespoon of butter with the flour, and add to the kidneys, then put in the seasoning, nnd, last of all. the cream, which should not be put in until just ready to serve. And as IU companion piece is this: A farmer's wagon loaded with butter broke down and stuck fast In the mud and the horse couldn't start it, "It's no use, mister," said a small boy. "Your old horse isnt strong enough. Take htm out and hitch up a roll of your butter." His mamma scolded- him for saying such a thing to the poor man. and called him in the house for it. "You are a bad boy. Willie, and I thought you w"ere an angel." 'What is an. angel, ma? said the boy. "An angel Is one thai flies." "Why, pa says my governess Is -an an gel." "Yes, and she's going to fly, too." Sho gives this recipe for creamed ham and poached eggs: Make a smooth white sauce with two rounding tablespoons of III mLS- 0 9 Awrr slenintr "One of Uncle Sam's Boys" sends 575 In renavment for two months extra pay given him by mistake, Tho most ' remarkable case of con science on tho part of Government em ployes is that of a veteran of the Indian School service, who this year Inclosed threo nickels in paymont for two slate pencils appropriated 30 years ago. Ever since then his conscience had troubled him to the extent that remorso had set In and finally insomnia. He contem plated giving himself up to justice, but had just learned of a conscience fund, and could nowgjve his mind tho first rest which It had enjoyed within the en tire 30 years. Ono dollar Is sent by a penitent who confesses to having stolon "a small apple tree from the Government orchard at Fort." "God knows the name and the sin," Is the only explanation accompanv ing 53000 tucked in an envelope post marked New York. A letter mailed in Washington states: "Through an error of the head, and not of the heart. In tho .settlement of a claim some time slnco I received ?i more man t was enuuea iu, and as I desire to live honest with all people I enclose the above-stated amount." A contributor of 53 promises to later remit more, and thu3 add peace to his "tortured conscience." "The act." he May Irwin's Funny Cookbook She Hns Thrown in Between tho Bits of Culinary Information. butter and one of cornstarch, with a cup of milk. Season with pepper only, and add a cup of finely chopped cooked ham. 9prad tho mixture over rounds of toast, lay a carefully poached egg over each, season lightly, and serve Immcdlataly with curly parsley. Its neighboring -joke Is: "Walter, what have you to eat?" wii Tvo vnt riles' feet and " "Don't tell me your misfortunes; I want to know what you have to atl" She gives directions for making minced oysters: Put a tablespoon of butter Into the blazer; when it bubbles, add a green pep per and half a small onion, bo.th chopped fine, and cook for five minutes without browning. Then turn In half a cup of oyster juice, and season with salt and paprika: mince the oysters, but not too fine; add them to the mixture in the blazer, and let, them cook for five min utes. Turn the mixture over hot toast. This can be done easily In a chafing dish. Clams may be used Instead of oys ten. If preferred. And there fallow Instructions for pun ishing your offspring. I remember, when I was returning from Chicago my last, season on the road, I went Into the dining car, and a small boy started to laugh and his mother could not stop him. I said to Ma: "That boy needs a spank ing." "I know he does, but I don't bellevo In spanking a boy on a full stomach." I said: "Neither do 1. Turn him over." But this experience she declares was her own: Once while traveling out West I en tered a hotel. The accommodations were so poor, I asked the landlord if there was another hotel in town, and ho sold: "Yes, but the proprietor has gone South for his liver." "Why," said I, "have you no butcher shop here?" Well. I went Into the dining-room for breakfast and the waiter said, "What'll you have, steak or coffee T' I asked him if he had any nice hen's eggs, and he brought me two. I opened one of them. Ha asked me if he should open the other, and I said: "No. Open the window." "What's the matter? Ain't they cooked adds, "was committed In childhood. Ke morse has taken hold upon me and I cannct rest. TTho but God. my Almighty Father, has made me do this?" Transparent Disguise. Amusing efforts at feigning Illiteracy are conspicuous throughout the files. "For the konshen fund" was scrawled upon an envelope bearing 10 cents; then the tn4rt word was utricken out and "conshun"" ln- j" serted above If- Five dollars Is acce-n-J panted by a. slip reading "To the choln- shons fund." Favorite means of attempt ing disguise of penmaship are the employ -ment of printed characters. scrawM-i-r child-like chirography and forced bark hand. In nearly every such letter are un conscious slips of the pen which wouki give a sure clew to the handwriting ex pert. Only a few contributors resort to the typewriter. Occasionally conscience money is per sonally handed to the Secretary of the Treasury by sinners who hurry away as soon as they have thus purged their minds of remorse. A strange man one placed In the hands of Secretary Gage an envelope marked "private." Tearing It open, the secretary found a smaller en velope containing 520O and labeled "con science money." At another time he was handed an envelope containing 53. but without any explanatory inscription or lnclosure. AVork of Clever AA'usr. Occasionally soma wng or other con tributes to the collection, as, for exam ple: "Please find 51.25. coin of tlie realm, won from a United States paymaster at draw poker, and which I am convinced rightfully belongs to Uncle Samuel. I have cnrrled it for nearly six days, and dare not trust myself with It longer. My conscience "calls fer relief: my harrassed nature calls for a good night's sleep. I can have neither so long as I carry thl3 terrible witness. You can apply It In liquidation of the National debt. Now I can feel a realization of tho Proverb. Be virtuous and you will bo happy. Now can I feel an assurance that In years yet to come It may be said of my children (yet to come): 'They were af poor but honest parents.' Pleae acknowledge through city papers and request them to double lead In editorial column." The alleged 51.25 In "coin of the realm" was an "I. O. U." and not worth the pa per upon which it was written. wAi Q&sv mrrMo W u ! Altosether the most remarkable com f munlcatlon comes from the rocent con trlbutor of 512,000, the second largest item ever received to swell the conscience fund, which was opened !M years ago. It was addressed this Summer to Secretary Shaw and makes this proposition: An Indian Giver. Not Ion since, to satisfy my mln4. I seat you $12,000 in currency. I sent you $2000 more than four-fold, and at the date of this letter I was pasting through and got very sick, ami a lady took care of mr She gave me metilson. care aad foot, not wlthstanding she was really poor, and I have don willed every thang I have to a young man to take care of the untlt I iil and have mo put a Way nice and I want you If you will to send thla poor lady a little of that money If you pleaoe h la to to school to little girls one S years and tha other 10. her name Is . When you get this I will be at rest, t taken her name ami I want the presedert to send her a little donation for her act f charity In his own nam plena grant this last request I subscribe my self A PENITENT SINNER. Good-hy. This Is tho only caso on recorrf f a conscience contribution with a string o it. JOHN ELFBETH W ATKINS. long enough?" I said: "I think so, but they were not cooked soon enough. Then. I I called for a lobster, nnd he brought In the boss. I complained to him about tha eggs, and he said, "Don't talk to me; I m not the hen." "Well, you own the place, don't you?" "Yes. I do; but I don't eat here." "Well, have you any toothpicks' "No, he replied. "I had a few. but the boarders took them uway and never brought thorn back." Opposite her recipe for Sarah's Sally Lunn's is this: Widow (to husband who was killed from the effects of hor cooking) Is It really you, dear? Spirit-It is. Widow Are you happy, doftr? Spirit Comparatively, yes. Widow Would you like to return' Spirit No. Widow No? Why. where are you. George? Spirit In hell! A man went home the other night an3 found his house locked up. After ftafln.te trouble he managed to gala eatran.-e through a back window and then disco. -ered on the parlor table a note frm Mi wife reading: "I have gone out. Ycu will find the key on tho side of the step.' While tho chafing dish is doing its work one may Imagine Miss Irwin reading these from the left side of her cook boo A schoolboy at lunch time entered a grocery st6re and said to the clerk: "Take this order: Ten pounds of sugar at 5 cents, 11 pounds coffee at IS cents, eight pounds tea at 30 cents. Add that up. How much is it?" The clerk said: "?5.75." "Are you sure?" said the boy. "Of course, I am sure." The boy thanked him and said: "That's my arithmetic lesson for tomorrow," Logical Deduction. Singleton By the way, where did you first meet your wife? Wedderly At her college the day she graduated. Singleton Ah! I see. Her com mencement was your finish. Chicago News.