Ealer4 at the Poetofflc at Portland, Or.,
aa second-cltst matter.
EUBSCKXP7IOX SATES.
XrSVARlABLT IN ADVAKCS.
(By tfll or ExpreM.).
Dally na Sunday, per year......'. 9?5
lally anA Sunday, aix month o.J
Sally and Sunday, three months ;
Dally and Sunday, per month.......... S3
Daily without Sunday, per year T.WJ;
Daily without Sunday, -lr months 8.o
Dally without Sunday, three months... 1.85
Dally without Sunday, per month .05
Sunday, per year Z-jjJj
Sunday, six months -Zj
Sunday, three months.... A a -63
BY CARRIER.
Datty without Sunday, per weele...... ",
Dally. pr week. Sunday Included..... 9
THE "WEEKX.T OREOONIAJC.
(Issued Every Thursday.)
T7eekly. per year - L52
Weekly, air month!
7etkly. three months - "
HOW TO REMIT Send postofOce money
crder, express order or personal check on
your local bank. Stamps, cola or currency
at the sender's rick.
EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE.
The 8. C lieckwlth Special AceBcy New
Tcrlc. rooms -30 Tribune bulldlns. cru
et ce. rooms 510-512 Tribune bulldlns.
KEPT OX SALE.
Chicago Auditorium Annex, Poetofnco
Kwi Ce.. 175 Dearborn -street.
Dallas, Tex Globe News Depot. 200 Main
etrc .
Dearer JuHhs Black. Hamilton & nf
rte. Svwteenth street; Tratt hook.
Stve. 1214 Fifteenth street.
Ics Moines. 1. Moses Jacobs. 300 Filth
"JiHjrafleld. Ner. F. Sandetrom; Guy Marsh.
Ka&SM City. Mo. Rlckeeoker Cigar Co..
NHitfc a&d Walnut.
Dos AicIe Harry Drapkln; B. E. Atnos.
SU Wen Seventh eireet; Dlllard News Co.
Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh. 30 South
TWrC
Cleveland. O. James Pushaw. 807 "Superior
street. . .
New York City It. Jones & Co.. Astor
Hawse.
Atlantic City, N. J. Ell Taylor. 20. North
2ltl&s4s ave.
Oakland. Cal. IV. H. Johnston, Fourteenth
asl Franklin streets. .
Oeden Geddard & llarrop and Meyers &
liarrep. D. L. Bayle.
Omaha Barkalew Bree.. 1012 Farnam:
MarOBttt Stationery Co, 130S Farnam; 240
Sestk Hth
Sacramento. Cal. Sacramento News Co.,
421 K rtroet.
halt Lake Salt Laic News Co., .7 west
Secern street South; National News Agency.
Done; Beach B. E. Amos.
San Francisco J. K. Cooper & Co.. 740
Market tret; Goldirntth Bros.. 230 Sutter
asxt Hotel ", Francln News Stand; L. E.
X. J'alace Hotel News Stand; F. W. Pitts,
! Market; Frank Scott. SO Ellis; N.
VVtatlr Movable New Stand, corner Mar
ket and Kearney streets; Foster & Orcar,
Farry Nwi Stand.
St. LohU. Mo. E. T. Jett Book & News
Gomftanv. 806 Olive street.
WRfchlntrton, D. C Ebbltt House, Pennsyl
vta n ene.
JORTI-Nn, SUNDAY, SEPTE5IBER 24.
KI.IWIENTARY TARIFF DOCTRINE.
A letter from Mr. P. B. Johnson, of
Walla Walla, which is printed else
where In The Oregonlan, is worthy of
serious comment. The -writer is mis
taken In thinking The Oregonlan ever
meant to intimate that the Treasury
4eclt is due to protection. The deficit
relates to excessive tariff rates, not to
protective rates, but is due to neither.
A protective tariff Is one which applies
te foreign goods whose cost of produc
tion Is cheaper than that of the same
goods in America. Up to the point
where the cost of production of the for
eign goods. Increased by the tariff, does
not exceed the cost of production of the
American goods, the tariff is properly
called protective. It protects the Amer
- ican manufacturer from ruinous foreign
competition. It makes It possible for
Mm to meet the foreign manufacturer
on equal terms in our markets. This
it does at the expense of the American
consumer, but the advantages of build
ing up home industries have generally
"boon considered so weighty in this Na
tion that consumers have borne this
burden willingly.
On the other hand, a tariff, like many
of the Dlngiey schedules, so high that
it makes the cost of foreign goods ex
ceed the cost of production of the same
goods in this country, is not protective,
but exclusive. Since under such a tariff
the foreign manufacturer cannot com
pete In our markets with the home
manufacturer, it does not protect home
Industry m any proper sense of the
word, because nothing remains to pro
tect him from. It shuts out foreign
goods altogether, deprives the consumer
of the privilege of an equal choice be
tween home and foreign goods, and
gives the domestic manufacturer a mo
nopoly. Te call such a tariff protective
is to ignore the meaning of the Eng
lish language; but even this exclusive
tariff the American people patiently en
dured so long as competition existed
among domestic manufacturers: for In
theory, and often in fact, home compe
tition behind the shelter of the impreg
nable tariff wall kept the prices of
manufactured goods at a reasonable
leveL We were willing to deliver the
home market completely to our own
manufacturers so long as they contin
ued to compete among themselves.
But from a tariff which, like the
Dlngiey tariff, is exclusive, two results
way logically be expected ,to follow and
actually have followed. The first per
tains to its revenue-producing effect.
It is obvious, and a man who writes as
intelligently as Mr. Johnson will doubt
less admit the impossibility of disput
ing this point, that a tariff which ex
cludes foreign goods from our markets
can draw no revenue from such goods
A tariff can produce revenue only from
"goods which are Imported. When no
goods are Imported, no revenue is de
rived from 'them. Now the Dingley
tariff, though it is exorbitant to the
3tmlt of absurdity In many particulars,
is not so exorbitant in all, and It does
permit some foreign goods to enter.
Upon those it produces revenue. It
must be clear also that If the Dingley
schedules which now exclude goods
wore so reduced as to admit those
goods, thon the tariff would produce
more revenue than It does; for, we re
peat. It is only from goods which actu
ally come through the Custom-Houses
that the tariff produces revenue.
We spoke of two results which may
naturally be expected from an exclusive
tariff, and we have now discussed the
first of them. The second is this: For
eign goods being shut out from our
markets, domestic manufacturers may'
continue to compete with each other,
or they may not. If they do continue
to compete, it is well. Prices will not
Tise to the point of robbery. But if
theylo not wish to continue to compete
among themselves, there is nothing to
compel thorn to do so. There. Is noth
ing in the world to hinder them from
combining to form trusts and raising
the price of their goods to the point of
robbery. They can, by annihilating do
mestic competition, raise the price of
their goods until it equals the cost of
producing similar goods abroad plus the
exorbitant tariff rate. The tariff under
such circumstances is neither an In
strument of protection nor merely of
exclusion; it is an instrument of rob
bery. It delivers the home consumer
bound hand and foot into the power of
the trust, which proceeds at its ease to
suck his blood.
In his thoughtful letter Mr. Johnson
. '.'
makes an interesting reference to the
tariff in 1S3L and remarks that protec
tion was then complained of because It
produced an excess of revenue, while
the Dingley tariff is now complained of
because it causes a deficit. Let us think
clearly. The rDlngley tariff does not
cause the deficit. Nobody says that.
Extravagant expenditure causes the
deficit, of course. The "argument re
lates only to proposed means of curing
the deficit. The Issue is this: Shall we
impose new taxes upon thjs necessaries
of life to cure the deficit, or shall we
lower certain of the Dingley rates?
Shall we. In fact, lower those rates'
which now exclude foreign goods and
encourage trusts; and, by so lowering:
them, simultaneously .Increase theJ rev
enues and strike a death blow at the
trusts; or shall we relmpose .the war
tax upon coffee? Shall we wring the
amount of the deficit from the poor
man's family, or shall we 'compel the
rich purchaser of imported goods to
make it up? This Is the Issue.
One point more must be made. The
average tariff rate In 1831 was about 41
per cent The tariff of 1S28, favored by
Webster, was then for the moBt part
still in force. The rate was high, but
every item of that tariff, no matter how
high It was, produced a revenue. It ex
cluded no class of foreign goods utterly.
It diminished importations, but it did
not exclude. And why? Simply because
we had then few domestic manufac
tures. People xnuBtbuy foreign goods
or go without. Our Industries were
then In their infancy, or had not been
born. The case is. different now. Our
Industries are mature, robust, defiant.
They Invade foreign markets and un
dersell the foreign producer on his own
soil. Tariff schedules which in 1S31
were revenue-producing and truly pro
tective may be, and are, today exclu
sive; and they result, not In protection.
but in sheer robbery of the consumer
by the trusts which they, encourage.
bee4i and tiie widths house.
Somebody who knows what an awful
thirst a Summer spent in Washington
excites sent the President sixty bottles
of beer. All thejrue facts of the inci
dent have not yet transpired, but It
appears that the donor was a brewing
company conducting a prosperous busi
ness somewhere in Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania. In Its great jubilation
over the conclusion of peace, or because
it wanted no monkeying with the tariff
on beer, or just because business was
good, or for some other ream, the
brewery packed the beer In a handsome
case and, thoughtfully prepaying all
charges, expressed It to the White
House. Here is where the good, ladies
of the Allegheny W. C. T. TL come In.
They got wind of the beer episode, and
they made up their minds to find out
what became of that beer. Dl'd the
President drink It? Or did he let any
one elsedrlnk it? Did he serve it at a
state banquet? Did the Roosevelt chil
dren see it? Did he tell Secretary Loeb
to send it on over to Oyster Bay? Did
he use the White House stationery to
thank the brewery? If any of these
things followed the gratified and ex
cited reception of the beer, the Alle
gheny W. C. T. U. wanted to know it,
and to make a few trenchant remarks
in some subsequem. resolutions about
the Invasion of the White House by the
Demon Rum.
The W. C. T. U. remembers that there
have been occupants of the White
House who would 16ok upon the action
of the Allegheny Brewing Company as
a great piece of impertinence. Mrs.
Hayes, wife of President Hayes, for
example, festooned the whole establish
ment with white ribbons, and ejected
the sideboard into the street. Spark
ling Potomac water exhilarated th
guests at the Hayes banquets. As
some one said, "water flowed like cham
pagne." President Arthur had differ
ent Ideas, but be was a convivial wid
ower, and there was no Mrs. Hayes in
the White "House during his Incum
bency. Under President McKInley, who
was a Methodist in good standing,
there was an approach to the Hayes
ideal, although it was somewhat of a
compromise with evil. He drank noth
ing, and his guests whatever there was
to drink. Under President Roosevelt,
we hear, there Is something like the Mc
KInley method, which seemed to be
reasonably satisfactory to all concerned
until the Allegheny episode.
These interesting facts are all re
called by the determined stand of the
Allegheny Wr C. T. U. to address the
Chief Magistrate of the Nation and
make him explain about that beer. He
did explain, or rather Secretary Loeb
did. The beer was sent back. The
President can get along very well with
out beer, especially Allegheny beer. We
suppose that was the reason. Or per
haps the refrigerator was full.
THE HOME OF HUMAN ANTAGONISMS.
"Nowhere else in the world," says the
Philadelphia Ledger, "is there so great
a confusion of languages, peoples and
religions as in the mountains and
steppes of Caucasia. Her deep-closed
valleys have taken toll of many races
in their migrations, and the very Inac
cessibility of these mountain retreats
has preserved types and tongues which
elsewhere have long been extinct."
The tendency of isolation to preserve
tvnes. to Institute new ones and to In
tensify peculiarities in human beings is
well known. Our own country newest
among the nations of the earth Is not
exempt from this tendency. The moun
tain people of the Cumberland and
other Isolated districts of the South and
Southwest testify to this fact in their
narrow lives of rude contentment, their
system of intermarriage, their crude
industries, their almost unintelligible
speech, and, more than all, In their
bitter hatreds and superstitions and
religious prejudices. Here are found
perversions of the English tongue that
make common speech all but unlntelll
glble to the stray traveler from beyond
the mountains, and religious beliefs
that are firmly grounded In the super
natural, the predominating element of
which Is a fearsome dread of an tin
seen power; an ignorance of the world
and of Its progress in civilization that
is truly benighted, and an Irnorance of
letters that Is absolute.
These conditions here, however, are
merely stepping-stones to those that
prevail In the Caucasus. There, ac
cording to. a careful estimate, sixty-
eight distinct dialects are spoken, rep
resentlngx every stage of linguistic-de
velopment. Fierce antagonisms exist.
which, not strangely, take the form of
religious warfare. Christian and Mo-
bammedan, Armenian and orthodox.
wage In these shut-in valleys perpetual
strife, each bent upon stamping out
every trace jot independence and dis
tinctiveness In the other.
Conditions Uke these favor the exer
cise of what pessimistic Dr. Edward
Toung In his doleful jeremiad under the
title of "Night Thoughts" -designated as
the "cursed ungodliness of- zeal' .the
malignancy of which Is barely kept in
check by theVlgllance of civilisation in
Its most advanced centers. There are
very few communities that have not
been touched by It, very few churches
that have not, through, It been called
to purge themselves of heretics and
others who dare to speak the . plain
truth in voicing their convictions. Iso
lation favors Its development and
Increases Its intensity. It Is thus
that Isolated Caucasia is the home of
human antagonisms and that there re
ligious zeal finds expression in Intoler
ance that Is Implacable and strife
between sects and types that Is
unceasing and bitter. Ignorance of
the existence df the great world be
yond the mountains that hem. them In
causes these people to exaggerate their
own importance, both in the life that
they know- and that to which they be
II eve themselves dedicated as favored
children of a partial, all-powerful
father.
RESTS WTTK OREOOX GROWERS.
The prices at which the bop market
has opened are natural' disappointing
to growers, but it must be remembered
that the 10 and 11 cenfcs paid in Wash
ington wns for goods of an Inferior
quality. On hops of this grade the mar
ket is decidedly weak, but this does not
apply to choice growths. Hops that
will stand Inspection byacrltical East
ern or English brewer must be as neAr
perfect as It is possible to produce
them, and for these a reasonable and
profitable price may be expected.
Furthermore, Oregon alone of all the
American hop states will have this
quality to offer in sufficient supply.
and It is here that the exporters and
Eastern dealers must eventually come.
The making of prices Is therefore
largely In the hands of the Oregon
growers. With abundant crops all over
the world they cannot expect the sen
sational returns of last year, but it Is
not to be supposed, on -the other hand.
"that they will sacrifice their wealth
at the bebest of professional bears who
must cover thejr short sales at low
prices' or go. out of business. It maybe
that-all calculations wjll go for naught
and that , phenomenally low, prices will
yet prevail, but no Indications of such
a condition are discernible on the face
of the market.
OLD -MAIDS. .
Theologians have speculated with
painful anxiety upon the moral" state of
our flrst.parents In the Garden of Eden.
nbf after, but before, they ate the fatal
apples. If, as seems to be undeniably
true, up to the moment of their expul
sion from paradise they had never been
married, the most alarming possibilities
present themselves; for . In those days
there were no elderly and watchful fe
males to chaperon the young. As a
matter of fact, it may be plausibly sur
mised that the episode of the forbidden
apples made no essential change In the
moral 'state of Adam and Eve, who. to
put It charitably, were no better than
they should be before that lamentable
but venial trespass occurred. Whatever
Milton may have thought and specious
ly said about It, It was not the fruit of
the forbidden tree that brought death
Into the world, with nil our woe and
loss of Eden, but the want of a clergy
man In the garden. Alphonso IV of
Spain, an Impious monarch, remarked
that If he bad been present at creation
the universe would have been much
better, arranged than It Is. Probably
Alphonso overestimated the value of his
counsels to the Almighty, and' his mis
take is not uncommon among men. both
monarchs and clergy; but no one can
deny that if there had been a minister
created simultaneously wlth.the trans
mogrification of the rib Into Eve, much
of the'moral gloom that overhangs the
earliest history of the human race
would have been forestalled by a timely
marriage ceremony.
The memory of this primal calamity
has continued vivid In the minds of all
old maids ever since that fatal over
sight occurred, and It accounts for" the
extraordinary, and otherwise inexplica
ble, value they set upon the clergy. It
is not for what they ever have done,
but for what they might have done; if
they had been created In time, that
clergymen merit the gratitude of the
human race, and nobody perceives this
fact so clearly or acts upon It so con
sistently as old maids. It is safe to say
that without their help and oversight
two disasters of the first magnitude
would befall the church. A hint will
Indicate the first.
Old maids are-to the clergy, in fact.
what the ravens were to Elijah, and
more. Their zealous contributions con
tinually replenish the gospel fountain.
But for old maids and Mr. Rockefeller
the glad tidings Naf salvation would
never reach the heathen. These serv
ices, though, conspicuous as they are,
must be accounted- unimportant com
pared wlth'others of a different charac
ter which old maids confer upon their
spiritual guides. "We speak now of that
vigilant watchfulness which they exer
cise over the personal habits, the man
ners, the morals and the orthodoxy of
the clergy. It Is said, but we do not
vouch for Its truth, that the last twenty
lectures of the senior course In pastoral
theology In all colleges for ministers
are regularly consecrated to the discus
sion of the topic, "How to please the
esthetic, moral and doctrinal tastes of
the old maid." It Is during this part
of their course, we are told, that minis
ters acquire the exquisite art of part
ing their hair in the middle, which dis
tinguishes them from gross andUrude
worldlings who divide the wig along
the side of the bead. The holy art of
growing, fertilizing and pruning ortho
dox ministerial side whiskers is also
taught elect youth at this stage of
their capeer, as well as how to tie a
sanctified cravat. All these religious
graces, as well as the pulpit tone of
voice, its equable, soothing, not to say
soporific, undulations, have been incor
porated Into the regular courses In
theology after a long and profound
study of the tastes of .old maids.
In every congregation the old maid
element constitutes a sort of vestal
vigilance committee to see that the
minister never deviates from the ortho
dox standard In these important mat
ters." His hair, his whiskers, his cravat,
are all objects of their sedulous watch
fulness. There Is said to be ' a secret
society of old maids, with ramifications
In every congregation In. the land,
which holds weekly meetings In an un
derground cavern, like the -terrible
Vehmgerlcht of former days, and con
demns unfbrtunate-Tastors for crimes.
often unconscious ones, against this In
flexible code. One question which they
are known to have debated with furious
heat Is this: "Can an old maid conscl
entlously sit under a pulpit which
sports a mustache?" The society .es
caped dissolution, though very narrow,
ly, and the matter was ended by adopt
ing a rule that maiden members under
40 should thenceforth neither speak nor
vote. It -was members .under , of
course, who had taken the affirmative.
The outcome of thisi debate accounts
for the fact 'that no minister now wears
a mustache. The loss to the profession
In beauty !a "more than made .up by .a
gain In sanctity; for It is-well known
that -nothing "so contributes to ungodly
vanity as a mustache.
Shallow minds are often puzzled 'to
know why It 1 that certain churches
are on the point of adopting the rule
that no married man shall-preach. The
reason is obvious. Celibate preachers
attract old maids, thought not oh that
frivolous ground which will at once oc
cur to the light-minded. Far from It.
Old maids love unmarried preachers;
but only because these blooming and
comparativelr gWdy youths afford
them .the best opportunity to exercise
their critical and pedagogic powers;
and naturally thejr love Is not returned.
In every' congregation there Is strife
between - the unmarried prertbher and
the old maids. Their object Is" to keep
him In -perpetual -tutelage, as Tsl An
doesher unhappy nephew. His object"
Is to .mitigate their ferocity by finding
husbands for them. It is noticeable
that out of even ten women Joined in
matrimony ; by. a 'minister nine are
either old maids orgiris who -would In
evitably become old maids if they re
mained single. His eagerness to sub
due them is so keen that hesometimes
marries one of them himself.
HOW WAS PARKER BEATEN ?
The -great life Insurance companies
say they will not again contribute
to campaign funds. But If It Is Im
proper for them hereafter to subscribe
policy-holders money. It was Improper
for them to have done It In the first In
stance. And yet they say they began
the practice In- 1SW from the highest mo
tives. Every man, every corporation in
the.Unlted Stales that had a dollar, was
tremendoufly Interested In the Issue of
the '56 campaign.' If Bryan had succeed
ed and free silver bod been the result,
the country would have gone from a
100-cent to a- 50-cent basis. The value of
every investnient would have been cut
In half. The Insurance companies, cus
todians of vast sums held In trust for a
mighty army of widows, orphans and
other beneficiaries, present or pros
pective," could "not Ignore the grave
menace of. the situation. They were
not in politics; but they were
focced to go in by Bryan and ms crowd.
The plea of the -Insurance companies
that they acted In self-defense has
sound basis. - Having once acknowl
edged their heavy debt to the Republi
can party. It was difficult for them to
repudiate It thereafter by discontinuing
their subscriptions. They may with
safety keep out. perhaps, until- the
Democratic party again begins a con
certed and formidable attack on all
property and Investments. Then will
they do nothing?
Judge Parker had a great deal to soy
last Fall on. the subject of campaign
contributions. He has lately had more
to say,, among other things the follow
ing referring to the Republican man
agers and their funds:
Their acts, were unlawful and. their pur
port corrupt, . They Intended to have the
money ued, aa -It -wan. .In corrupting; the
This is very loose talk; but it Is
more. It is a charge that the cor
rupt use of m9'ney determines Pres
idential -elections, and that the elec
torate ' last year was corrupted.
It Is not. true. It was never so
clearly and -overwhelmingly untrue
as It was' last November. The popular
vote was: Roosevelt, 7.621.9S5; Parker,
5,098,225. The electoral vote: Roose
velt, 33S; Parker, 10. The people want
ed Mr. Roosevelt for President. It Is
Infamous that Parker T. any one else
should lntlma(e -rjhat the unlawful use
oi money was in any aegree responsi
ble for the result, i ,
0
PROGRESS, SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUATE
Here Is ' too broad a subject for a
short article. Yet never was more wide
and deep thought bestowed on ihat one
iuea man now. is society, is me aver
age man. progressing, moving forward?
In an era of war, of political and still
more of social strife, of class hatreds,
of personal, selfish aggressions by the
one against the many, of revolt of the
many In the face of hereditary oppres
sion, can we answer yes?
Let us consider for a moment.
Wherein does progress consist? One
will say In accumulating National
wealth; another. In free Institutions,
now being purged from festering
growths of dishonesty and graft; nri
other, Jn higher wages and wider com
forts fr working people; yet another in
the very gradual effacement or weak
ening of class distinctions. Still an
other will say In the spread of public
education, and In the. Increase of those
Interested In higher things than mere
meat, drink and enjoyment. Possibly
all these grounds for a satisfactory an
swer may be' maintained and yet the
querist may be doubting still.
As our student tries to get high
enough from the pressing, momentary
Incidents, which crowd on and fill so
great- a proportion ' of our daily lives,
that he may arrange his picture In true
perspective, be will see two great In
fluences Ini combat the. one with the
other. For an expression of the first,
Darwin's law, the survival of the fittest,
will "occur to bim: as explaining the
emergence of the selected Individual
from press of .strife,. In which classes,
interests, societies, nations, are . In
volved. The strong man, the doer, he
is the hero, he shews the path; It Is for
the weakljngs on whom he has tram
pled' his way out to follow In his steps
If they only can. Modem society has
set up mare Idols than one of this class,
and we are all called on to worship. Is
this, then, the path of progress?
The second principle at work and
now plainly leavening the whole mass
is progress by mutual aid. ,No modern
dlecoVery te here. The animal king
dom, from antstaxid bees, through birds
to mammals, abounds" with examples of
survival and happiness by social and
mutual assistance. The limits of Dar
win's law of survival are found, when
that survival Id ojf the race, species,
family, rather than of the Individual1.
Arid the aids to survival appear in com
mon action In securing "food, shelter,
protection from attack, conditions of
healthy life.
Naturalists tell us that It Is now a
proved fact that Among- the monkey
tribe, the social monkeys, individually
weak though they be. thrive, and mul
tiply, wblle the individually strong and
tavage gorilla, solitary In habit of life.
Is disappearing and on the eve of exj
unction. As we trace the history of
man through many stages, we recog
nize as his happiest, most productive,
most intelligent eras, those In which
progress has been In .turn that .of the
tribe, vlljage. guild, city, canton, trade.
Industry, social class. Again and again
the-power or the individual has exerted
itself to dominate the society and if
successful a period of war. strife and
retrogression has been encountered.
Then have fpllowed times of reorgani
zation, when the masses got together
to securje their rights and set the com
munity moving forward once more. If
this be true in the worjd .of- politics,
using the term In. its broadest sense. Is
not the efficacy of -mutual effort and
aid sttn more. apparent lmthe region of
social -life and of labor and- Invention?
From every period of. strife, after
oecIIJatlons of success and.fallure, the
mutual aid principle has Justified IJself.
so that, by processes of - experiment,
tie universal Incidence of .that Jaw is
demonstrated. The forward march of
Its, adoption has been very .spasmodic.
It Is true, but the advance Is apparent
to the trained and expectant .eye.
Great Ideas of co-operation.-, taught by
congresses and associations, educed In
almost every grade and condition of life
at this time, applied to every Industry,
business, agency of commerce; manu
facture arid distribution, are 'afloat in
every civilised nation. "
There Is, of course, a line between
association and co-opera.tlori. .Contri
butions of -work Influence apd money
are heeded for both, but" the '.underly
ing alms are far apart. .The one Jeads
tb the trust, and' the concentration " of
power, and individualism of manage
ment in a single head. The other seeks
common action for' the general .good.
The one seeks money profit, the other
has for aim the raising of the stand-.
ards of thought.' of labor and of social
life among- all the contributors to the
general enterprise. The one Is the
parallel In the. world of "commerce and
Industry to the historical examples of
the rise, first of a class, then of an
emergent Individual to' political power
and domination. The other- follows the
path of co-operative action, which, both
in the Old World and the New, has
heralded the march ' of" the nations
toward liberty. The one needs to be
curbed and controlled, the other to be
wisely lnfleunced and guided for the
common good. It seems, then, that in
the general acceptance of this old but
ever-renewed gospel of mutual aid, the
ans'wer to our first. question is at hand.
SOMETinKO DOING. ;
At lastthere Is something doing on
the north bank of the Columbia east
of Vancouver. The Hill and Harrlman
Interests are buying rights of - way
through old tracts that have been occu
pied as homes by pioneer settlers for
more than a generation: tracts that He
In somnolent . beauty, brooded, over by
the spirit of loneliness; tracts whose
owners have depended upon river trans
portation all of these years to .get them
selves to town and their produce .to
market. Soon, .unless all signs of ac
tivity and determination in railway
building fall, they will be served by
tralns running from east to west and
west to east "many times a day; while
waterway traffic, not to be . outdone,
will continue - to serve them upon a
dustless highway.
The result cannot fall to be a grand
awakening In land values and In home
building along the north bank of the
storied Columbia, where conditions
have so long remained stationary. This
is. of course, merely a side Issue In
the great railroad game that Is now be
ing played In. a long-neglected region.
Its larger Hgnlflcance reaches out into
the great Interior halfway across the
continent, giving assurance of quicker
transitjlu'e to easier-grades and a di
rect route of travel. The battle is on.
Railroad generals kings Indeed
.craftily maneuver for strategic position
and." financial advantage, while their
subofdlhale officers carefully scan the
field aad report progress.
The alertness and energy of these op
posing forces prove conclusively that
the bottles of peace, waged In the do
main of traffic, are not less carefully
planned nor less strenuously urged than
are those of war. There Is this differ
ence, however: The battles of peace
lead to National, state and community
prosperity those of war to Impoverish
ment.
PROGRESS IN TnK PmLirpiNEB.
Seven years' occupation by the United
States Government of the Philippines
has. left. thestamp of Western progress
upon the lslnnds, more noticeable In
Manila than elsewhere, but apparent In
every part that has been touched by
American Influence. The power of
Spain brooded sleepily, but with many
exactions over the islands for genera
tlons without awakening In the- people
the desire, or giving them. any sort of
opportunity, for self-development or the
development of the natural resources
of the country. The practical business
Instinct of Americans enabled them to
see at once the' grand possibilities that
awaited development In the islands, and
the quick sense of Justice and abound
Ing energy of those delegated to do the
work Joined forces and turned these
possibilities Into realities.
All accounts agree that the results
have been little less than marvelous.
From Judge: Loblnger.. of the Court of
First Instance In the Philippine Islands,
who "shows In a carefully prepared ar
tide In the Review of Reviews the
progress made In civil procedure In the
past six years among the Filipinos, to
the soldier recently mustered out after
thre.e years' service In the islands, who
tells his friends In Montana that "Ma
nila has now practically every utility
that can be found'In the larger progres
sive cities of the United States," and
that the hand of Improvement Is to 'be
seen everywhere, all tell theseme story
of the wonderful, substantial advance
ment made there under American rule.
If asked, however, to name a single
factor that, more than any other, has
been Influential In awakening IntelH
gence in our tiew-rouna sullen peo
ples," the answer would be "the Amerl
can schoolteacher." This factor may be
designated as a noun of multitude.
Hundreds of men and women take posi
tions in the Filipino schools each year.
and each year there Is a demand for
..more. More than nair. a minion cnu
dren and youth are enrolled in the pub
lic schools of the Islands. To apprec!
ate the Importance of this statement It
Is necessary to know that instruction
In ErigllSb Is requlreoMn all the grades
of the schools; ' that a great part- of
the teaching is done altogether In Eng
lish, and that the attendance, at the
schools Is entirely voluntary.
The wonderful growth of the Insular
school-system and the magnitude that.
It has attained under the peculiarly
difficult conditions encountered Is re
garded by the Journal quoted above as
a striking tribute to the executive abil
ity, enthusiasm and. devotion tQ duty
of American schoolteachers. When the
history of this effort. Involving pa
tience, self-sacrifice and devotion-to the
American educational Idea, is written.
Jt'wlh be found to "rival In Interest.
perhaps' in romance, and In a degree In
hardship, .the effort that has made thel
plotteer a; hero to a succeedlngage.
from the Far East to the Farthest
West of the American Continent. Even
now It is classed as missionary work of
a high grade and of practical value.
A backward glance, half a century
hence, will discover In the American
schoolteacher and the establishment of
the American school system In the Phil
ippine Islands the great lever that
raised the Filipino from the dead level
of Ignorance, Indolence and supersti
tion to comparative knowledge, indus
try and enlightenment..
A manufacturing contest, of Interest
to the Nation, Is now In progress be
tween the Newport News Shipbuilding
Company and the New Tork Navy
yard. Each Is building a battleship.
At the start the private company work
ing on the battleship Louisiana made
better time than the Government con
structors at work on the Connecticut.
Experts believed that the prlvate-bullt
ship would be In commission before the
Navy-yard's vessel was, launched. It
looks now as If both ships would be
finished at nearly the .same, time, . despite-the
fact that the naval authorities
are handicapped by a shorter working
day. Furthermore, it was thought the
naval officers could not drive their men
to anything near the 'extent that labor
would be pushed at Newport News. The
Government-built vessel will likely cost
a trifle more than the Louisiana, which
difference, it Is, argued, will be com
pensated by the actual experience of
our naval constructors, who, for the
first time, are-building a modern battler
hip. It will also probably be proved
that-we have not. paid too high ror
prlvate-bullt war vessels. One further
benefit la expected: If a trust should
be formed among private concerns and
prices raised, the Government could
consolidate Its Navy-yards and under
take the business itself, something
which the construction of the Con
necticut has shown to be entirely feasi
ble. Irrigation engineering makes demand
upon the largest juagment anu tnc
greatest skill of the engineer. The
field Is one In which neither the Gov
ernment nor the people can afford to
make mistakes. Witness the disaster
that Impends over the Imperial valley.
In Southern California, where faulty en
gineering has diverted the Colorado
River from Us channel and sent It
down the valley, with the result that a
lake has formed over a wide area of
what was once productive and fertile
farms. With the usual 111 success that
attends the attempt to repair a blunder
made In the realm of Nature, the en
slneers find It Impossible to undo their
work and return the- river to Its former
channel. In the view of George G. Wis
ner, of Detroit, an engineer of National
reputation, a million acres of land wljl
be submerged within twenty years. The
Imperial Valley Is from sixty to 250 feet
below the sea level, and If. will become
art Inland Bea. An object-lesson ot tnis
kind should serve to curb impatience
In the matter of Irrigation engineering,
since by Ill-considered or hasty action
the blessing of Irrigation may be turned
Into the curse of a flood.
Dun'si Index of the average price of
commodities for September this year
shows a decided lowering qf the pur
chasing power of a dollar compared
with five years ago. According to Dun's
figures. It takes about $1.10 to buy com
modities that $1 would have bought in
1900. There Is no question that cir
cumstances which bring about a decline
In the value of a dollar work hardship
to. persons with fixed Incomes, whether
It la a holder of bonds or a clerk. On
the other hand, as remarked by the
Kansas City Star, such an era of good
times undoubtedly means steadier and
more general employment, as well as
higher wages to a large proportion of
worklngmen. If the man who was em
ployed seven months of the year In 1900
now finds work for ten months, he Is
much better off than he was. even 4 If
his rate of wages has not been raised.
This Is a complicated problem, and
hasty Inferences are not safe. Fault
probably lies with a monetary system
under which fluctuation of the purchas
ing power of a dollar is evident, but no
practicable remedy has yet been of-fered.-
It will perhaps be best not to take
too seriously the resolutions by the Na
tional bunch of dressmakers, women
tailors and modistes, who. assembled In
Chicago the other day, voted In favor
of the hoopsklrt In homeopathic form.
Of course If there were real danger that
the Innovation would go to such propor
tions as some of us can remember back
In the '60s, a note of alarm would not
Be out of place. Forty years ago there
was room In dwellings and on the
streets for crinoline built on the plan of
the captive balloon at the Fair, but
with crowded sidewalks In every clty
ln the country, paucity of space In
streets, cars and elevators, and domes
tic life given over In such large degree
to cramped little hotels, apartment
houses and flats, a return to this fash
Ion Is Impossible. If, unfortunately, the
craze should get a start, bargain days
at department stores would literally
crush It to death. Our grandmothers'
hoopsklrts and-twentieth-century civ
ilization cannot continue side by side.
'Referring to the defeat of Rev. Wash
ington Gladden's resolution at Seattle,
the Springfield Republican, voicing,
perhaps, the sentiment of New Eng
land, says: "It Is probable that the fu
ture policy of that organization will
conform very closely to the spirit of the
Gladden resolution. The board, to save
Its face, as the Chinese say, had to de
cline to adopt formally the resolution,
yet the, protestants are so strong that
they cannot hereafter be Ignored. Their
opinions. In the future financial man
agement of affairs, must be respected,
and not flouted." Hereafter there will
probably 'be not so much actual solicit
ing of "tainted," money. It may 'be re
ceived wfth gratitude, but the financial
secretary will not be expected to go out
Into the highways and byways and beg
for It. -
The Albany, Methodist Conference is
making trouble "because a mjnlsterap
propriated church cash to his own use.
"A,OCethodIst preacher ought to know
better.. Real money is not Intended for
blm.
- It maybe that Dr.--Driver has been
placed, on the superannuated list; but.
If Satan knows when he's well off, he'll
stay In his hole for a while yet.
Oregon beats the world In cattle, sheep
and goats; and It has also some very
choice hogs. Don't overlook the hogs.
Six.
day.
days mors,' and then Portland
Portland day, Saturday, September 53. J
Truth f h1 James Talcs. :
The Truthful James Club, on Morrison
street, la Portland's latest social organ
ization. Jts exact location Is keDt a. se
cret from the general public, for Teasqns
which may appear later. The clu6 Is
based upon Bret Harte's familiar line,
"I .reside at Table Mountain, and my
name is Truthful .James." At Initiation
each member takes an,, oath to tell the
truth, the whole truth and even more
than the truth, whenever he 'has a story
to tell. . Nothing less than this will be ac
cepted, and if any member tells' less than
the truth (Instead of more), he Is . ex
pelled forthwith and ejected from tho
clubropms by the window. '. outside of
which ho finds a rope dangling. . He can
either climb down the rope or hang blm
self with It As a rule he feels so deep
ly disgraced that he hangs himself, which
accounts for somerecent disappearances.
The window. It should be explained, opens
upon a secret court, and the court dis
poses of the- body by sentencing It to
quicklime annihilation for contempt of
onrt. Thus the world outside never
knows the fate of .these .violators of tha
oath to tell more than the truth.
Sons of Portland's best-khown. fishers.
hunters; agriculturists, poets and hod
carriers, belong to thcTruthful James
Club. Newspaper men are not admitted
If . they admit that they, are newspaper
men,- for they ore known to be addicted
to. the habit of telllngKthe whole truth" and
nothing more, and the club shrinks from
sending such otherwjse good fellows
through the window exit. Now and. then,
however,, some of the proceedings of the
club leak out ' While It Is not fair to our
Informant Jo give the real names of thu
members, we, may mention the titles by
which they are known in the clubrooms.
One is the Irrepressible, whom nothing
daunts; he will tell his story, at what
ever hazard, though seldom does his tale
have any point. The fact Is, he keeps
on trying to get to the point, which he
does not know himself, and thus he pro
longs his remarks Indefinitely. The In
credulous Youth, is a member who causes
the. Irrepressible much anguish.. He "is al
ways Interrupting, and that may be the
reason that the point of the Irrepressi
ble's stories gets lost. Then there is the
Card Crank, who usuafly cuts In during
the telling of a story and asks somebody
to qut the deck and sit In for a game.
But the bright particular star of this
firmament Is the Most Depraved. He is
called that because nothing fcazes him.
The lengths to which he goes In. h!spur
sult of the truth are astounding. He In
variably pursues truth so closely that
he gets past It. and poor ' old Truth is
merely an also-ran. not even crossing
the finish line after ' the show Is ovcy.
The Most Depraved can give. Truth a
running start and then beat her ten
blocks.
Last night a full house was present
(this way of putting It Is In compliment
to the Card Crank), and the Irrepressible,
as usual, started the game:
"Did you hear Governor Chamberlain's
speech at the Folk banquet the other
night?' Inquired the Irrepressible, ad
dressing the query to the crowd in gen
eral. "Naw!" replied the Incredulous Youth.
I wasn;t there. I belong to the Mis
souri Society, and didn't get ah Invita
tion." "Well." "continued the Irrepressible, "t
heard It. and the Governor told a tall
one. He said that out in Eastern Oregon,
where they do any Irrigating, the alfalfa
grows so high that the eagles build their
nests In It An'd that rqmlnjJsime.'6fa
friend of mine who' raises, garden .truck
down Benton County. J, was vdown
there to see. him, the other-dayv and he
Invited me out to se.e his cucumber patch.
We walked Into a field of ten acres or so.
In the middle of which was" -a conslderabln
patch of green vines, extending across
the field from north to south; but on
each side, east and west, there was noth
ing growing only bare ground that looked
as If It had been run over by a peculiar
sort of a drag.
"I asked my friend why he didn't plant
his cucumbers all over the field, and he
asked me what time It was. 'It's 10 a.
M.,' I answered, looking at my watch and
wondering what he meant.
" 'Well, lf cloudy now. remarked the
cucumber-grower; 'wait till the sun comes
out'
"I was half Inclined to" think my friend
had been drinking, but Just then the
clouds cleared awayand the sun shone In
dazzling brilliance. Then, would you be
lieve me "
"I would not," cut In the Incredulous
Youth; "not under oath."
"Would you believe me." continued ,th&
Irrepressible, not a whit disturbed, "as
soon as the sun came out. those' cucumr
ber vines began moving about, and all of
a sudden the vinss crept out oyer the
blank space toward the east, until they
occupied all that bare ground. Then, as
the sun approached the meridian, they
gradually drew back. We stood and
watched until a little past 12 o'clock, and
those vines then started to crawl toward
the western side of the field. 'They'll
come back to the middle at sundown,'-remarked
my friend. 'Now you sea wby I
have td leave the eastern and western
sides of the fields bare. These cucumbers
must have room to grow when the sun
shines
"I remarked to my friend that he ought
to make lots of money out of his cucum
bers, but he shook his head sadly. 'I'm
going to quit raising them,' he said; -'this
is my last year. You see those vines
travel so fast that the whole under 'side
ot the cucumbers Is worn - oft' on 'the
ground, and that spoils them."'-' .
The Incredulous Youth Invited the Ir
repressible to take a drink of chloral, but
Just then the Most Depraved awoke from
a yawning reverie and began:
"Do you know how they get rIdo ob
jectionable negroes down In Arkansas?
They used to run them out of the com
munity, or kill them violently. But -Arkansas
has become civilized since 'a Yan
kee went down- there and introduced the
Nigger-Killer variety of watermelon.
Ever eat a, Nlgger-Klller? Finest melon
out. You see. this Yankee was some
thing of a Burbank In his way. and he
had experimented with watermelon vines
for some years. His masterpiece was
the Nigger-Killer. To grow It required
a very long, narrow field; It should be.
In fact, not less than three miles long;
but it needn't be any wider than ten fee,t
Just wide enough for one rovr of melon
vines. The young negroes used to steal
a good many watermelons from the old
fashioned patches, but that sort of thing
is no more. . These NIgger-Xlller melon
vines grow so fast that when- a negro
gets Into the field to'puIl,a melon he runs
himself to death trying to catch' up
with It."
"Time for a' game." said, the "Card
Crank; "whose dealt"
JtOBERTUS LOVE.
Gapid . and. Coupons. .
. - - Tales. .
"I am very much In. love with thebank
erV daughter. As soon- as- I. vsaw ' her
father's coupon scissors had.palpltatlon
or" t-H hart " '.'""',