is t. -T3r PART TOUR PAGES 37 TO 48 VOL. XXIY. PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY HORNING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1905. NO. 36. THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE mm COMPARISONS Frequently and intelligently made are justification of the statement that no housefur nishing concern in Oregon sells really dependable furniture as cheaply as we do. NO. IV. POPULAR CONCEPTIONS OF THE OFFICE OFTEN RUN TO EXTREMES d 1 FALX- OPENING NEW STOCK gf CARPETS PRICES AND QUALITIES GUARANTEED We guarantee these prices as low as any in the city for new goods, notwithstanding all you may read about reductions and discounts and cut prices. This house is here to sell goods, and will meet all discounts, reduction sale prices that competitors may offer. We are leaders in low prices and will never be. undersold if we know it. Per Yard. Bristol Velvets, Oriental designs $1.15 Burlington Tapestry Brussels v .$1.05 Smith 's Tapestry Brussels T. . . .90 Pro-Brussels, yard wide 95 Extra Fine Ingrains 85p Union Ingrains 55 Remnant Rugs at great reductions. Per Yard. Cottage Ingrains ........ 47 Inlaid Linoleum ".. ; $1.65 Porter's Printed Linoleum 80 Floor Oilcloth . : oO Brussels Rugs, 9x12 S20.00 Brussels Rugs 8:3x10:6 : $16.50 Why not have a cozy -homeof your ownit is within reach of all. We make the payments to suit your income. See Gadsby about it. Xo. 2 Buffet, weathered, oak or golden quarter-sawed, polished; size of top 44x22; regular price $30.00, Gadsby's price $25.00 Ladies' Deskjn golden quarter sawed oak, mahogany veneered, or birdseye maple; a lovely present for "her" $9.00 Others as low as $6.50 COTTAGE BEDROOM-Furnished complete as follows: Bed, ivory enameled, $3.50; Dres?er, $15.00; Chiffonier, $15.00; Washstand, $5.25; Rocking Chair, $2.50 in white maple, golden ash. white enamel or maple finished in mahogany; Spring Mattress and Pillows, $10.00; Smvrna Rug, $3.50. Outfit complete, $54.75 at Gadsby's. Home Queen Steel Range, guaran teed for 10 years; with reservoir. as shown $32.50 Without reservoir .-. . . .$27.50 Terms, .$5.00 per month. Colle Mining-Room Suit for light. housekeeping, consisting of Sideboard, C chairs and 6-foot Extension Table; Gadsby's price $24.25 This fine Bedroom Suit, all hard wood finished in mahogany, white maple" or golden ash, 3 pieces; special $25.00 1 Parlor Chairs in ma hogany, richly up holstered . . $7.50 Go-Carts Folding Go-Carts $3.75 Handsome Family Cook Stove, with all modem improvements j No. 8f $15; No. 8, plain with legs instead of fancy base, 10; No. 7 Cook Stove $8.50 Napoleon Beds, in quarter-sawed oak, solid mahogany; beautiful creations, $35.00 to $65 Turkish Rocker, up holstered in genuine leather, full spring $35 IfCreditlsWanted WE dAN ACCOMMODATE YOU WITH OUT EXTRA CHARGE WILLIAM GADSBY & SONS Corner Washington and First Streets THE HOUSEFURN3SHERS The Store That Does the Business THERE are many popular misconcep tions of the Speaker's power over the destinies of the Government and the people, and these are not confined to the cranks and ignorant part of the popu lation. The communications from "Elijah II" who lives In Missouri and eels called upon to direct Congress" by the light of his prophecies; the "Decrees From Heaven," located in the Bowery; the appeals from the "Infant Prodigy," who has geen kid naped and confined In a lunatic asylum in Ohio, and the letters from other similar characters are not more startling than are some from thoso who are generally known as leaders of the best thought and the educators of the public. The college professor and the magazfne editor are as prone to wrtto to the Speak er, telling- him what to do, what not to do, and lecture hlra on his shortcomings as are those who are denominated "cranks," and they are as often "wide of the true conception of the Speaker's pow ers and duties as are those who are sub jects for sympathy and ridicule. In the last Congress this was illustrated by the agitation In favor of legislation to purchase a certain "grove of big trees In California. A Wll was introduced "by request" by one of the California mem bers. It was reported favorably by the committee on public lands, and went on the' calendar along with hundreds of other bills. No effort was ever made in the House to have a special rule for the consideration of the bill, but those inter ested In the proposed legislation held the Speaker responsible, and organized a campaign of considerable magnitude in the public press. The object of this cam paign was to force the Speaker to cither report a special rule for its consideration or pass It by unanimous consent. Prominent People In Campaign. The peculiar feature of this campaign was the prominent people engaged in It and their entire misunderstanding of the situation and the status of the bill. They assumed, without inquiry and without knowledge, that the bill was arbitrarily held by the Speaker. There were college presidents, magazine and newspaper edi tors, and men and women whose reputa tions make them stand for leaders of pub lic spirit In this country, and all were as Ignorant regarding the real merits of the bill -and Its status as are the ordinary people who fail to keep Informed and seek to hold some Individual respon sible for the failure of the Congress to enact the legislation they desire. The avalanche of letters asking for a special rule for this bill, and abusing the Speaker for failure to report it. was dif ficult to explain until an Investigation developed the fact that a very clever woman in California hag. conceived the Idea of an endless chain correspondence in behalf of the bill. She had written to a number of friends with the request that they write to their friends and continue the request to others to write to the Speaker. Sher was clever and fortunate in her acquaintance. She reached very Influential people, and her endless chain correspondence was of a high character. Including letters from men of letters, law yers, college men and editors, and also several men who had been members of the President's Cabinet. They all wrote not only because they were requested to do so, but what they were requested to write. They were without personal knowledge and made, no personal Investi gation. They simply Joined the endless chain correspondence and loaned their names to the enterprise. University President's Error. It was one of the best Illustrations of how public clamor Is encouraged and aroused that I have ever seen. The presi dent of one of the greatest universities In the United States, a man renowned for his knowledge, power of Investigation, public spirit, and general wisdom touch ing public affairs, wrote a -long letter to the Speaker, remonstrating with him for exercising a doubtful prerogative and a questionable authority by denying the Houso the privilege of voting on this bill, and reminding him that public sentiment would hold him to account for his exer cise of autocratic power to defeat the will -o& the whole people. Had this gentleman made an Investi gation hefore undertaking- to lecture the Speaker on the duties of his office, he would have learned that no Repre sentative authorized to speak In behalf of tho bill had ever asked for a special rule or made any particular effort to have the bill advanced on the calendar. He would without doubt have ap proved the Speaker's refusal to bring nT any bill authorizing an appropria tion of $250,000 before the Houso by unanimous consent, and he would have found that his lecture, and criticism were as ill-mannered as' they were un called for from one occupying his sta tion and supposed to base, his state ments and criticisms on well-established facts, rather than on mere ru mor. He would have also learned from Investigation that the Secretary of the Interior had not recommended the pur chase of this property, because his in vestigations had developed the fact that z clever speculator had secured an option on the property for TJOD.OOO and was trying to sell to the Govern ment the samo property for $230,000, giving him a profit of more than 100 per cent. Trees "Were Xot In Danger. Our college president might also havo learned that this speculator had no other way of realizing on his Invest ment except by a sale to the Govern ment, because these big trees are not considered merchantable timber. There never has been any prospect or prob ability, of their destruction for com mercial use, and the purpose of this campaign to sell to thex Government was at no time made Important because of the danger of destruction by turn ing the trees into commercial use. The proposition from its inception was to have the Government purchase this property, and however commendable that purpose was, the fact that specu lators had control of the property and proposed to make the Government pay a fancy prJce might be considered a reflection on the patriotism and busi ness methods of those who engineered the campaign In behalf of the bill. But the famous president of a great university did not Investigate. Ho re ceived an endless-chain letter, and he acted from impulse Just as does the ig norant man, and sent his letter to the Speakec of the House of Representa tives, criticising him for Interposing his Crar-like power botween the peo ple's wish and the right of the Legisla ture to act. He was not alono In this. He had much distinguished company. There were magazine and newspaper editors, other college professors, preachers, business men. and thousands of people In all the higher walks of life who rushed Into letter" writing about something of which tkty wera entirly ignorant, but with a pretense . a rule for consideration of "a TjM in of a profound knowledge, earnest pa- ; the Houae, without first having con triotlsm, and sober Judgment. i slderatlon In Committee of the "Whole. As these letters came- to the Speaker . It may fix the time for debate and he first passed them by, along with the hour for the final vote. It Is an those fr6m the cranks, and then he j arbltary committee, controlled by the began to wonder at the Ignorance of ! speaker and the two qther members profound Intelligence as he noted the j representing tlie majority. But It can-names- of his correspondents. They J not coerce a majority of the House, were not only Ignorant regarding the ; no matter how that Ynajority is made matter of which they wrote, but they ; up majority or the House must were densely Ignorant regarding the ; a(jopt the rule reported from the com- -methods of Congress .and the power t mittee before It can be applied. A ma exerted by the Speaker. They gave j jorlty against the proposed rule may be him credit for having more autocratic j made up of the political minority of tho power than he dreamed of possessing. House and a few factional dissenters from for they appealed to him alone to ap proprlate 52o0,000 of the public mon ey by giving unanimous consent for the passage of a bill. Instead of ap pealing to their own Representatives or the author of the bill to call it up, to ask for a special rule, or to ask for unanimous consent, these people went direct to the Speaker and asked him to assume full authority for the ap propriation. Their criticisms and de nunciations for withholding his con sent was the first knowledge he had that there was such a bill on the cal endar. What did the Speaker, do? He wrote just such a letter to the university president as he would htve written to a schoolboy, explaining the parliamen tary methods of Congress and how tho wheels of legislation are moved by the men elected as the representatives of the people, and that the Speaker had to rely upon the menVho Introduced bills and those who reported them from standing committees as to their importance, and whether they were so urgent as to call for a special rule to take them from their place on the cal endar and advance them over other Important bills. As neither the au thor of this .bill nor the member who had reported it from the committee on public lands had ever appealed to the committee on rules for a special rule, or to the Speaker for recognition to call It up, it was not considered one of the .Speaker's prerogatives to arbi trarily take charge of the bill and In augurate emergency methods for the passage of another member's bill. The university president never replied to this courteous letter of explanation. Perhaps he was offended at the Speak er's recognition Ml his ignorance, or Humiliated at his own revelation of that ignorance to one whom ho con sidered it his privilege to patronize and criticise. It Is something of a burden put upon the Speaker to courteously and con scientiously answer all his corre spondents. This" correspondence i en tirely unsought, but as the responsible leader in Congress there Is as much obligation resting upon him to cour teously reply to all of his correspond- the majority party. Machine of the Majority. The committee on rules is, therefore, the machine of the majority rather than that of the Speaker. The Speaker and his party associates on the committee must ascertain whether they can. com mand the support of a majority of the House before they submit a rule for adoption. It, therefore, becomes only a committee to ascertain what Is the will rof the majority in bringing forward out of the regular routine the more Important bills which cannot be left to the delay of a long calender and subject to the fili bustering methods of the minority. The real work of this committee Is done be fore the committee meets. It may be done in a party caucus, as In the cases of the Cuban reciprocity bill and the statehood bill In the last Congress; or it may be done by consultation, with the majority members or with the ma jority "whip," whose duty it is to learn the sentiments of the majority party toward a proposed rule for the passage of a measure, for which the majority as sumes responsibility. "When this agreement is reached the Speaker and the two other majority mem bers confer and prepare the rule. The formal meeting of the committee is then called and the rule reported, usually by a majority vote, though there have been occasions when special rules were re ported from this committee by unani mous vote. In the 51st Congress, when the com mittee on rules was the agency for the passage of a number of party measures which created spirited contests on the floor of the House. Speaker Reed is re ported to have sometimes addressed the minority members of the committee in this wist. "Well, gentlemen, Mac and Joe and I (referring familiarly to Major McKlnley and Mr. Cannon) have concocted another outrage on the minority, and we want, to read It to you before reporting It to the House." Good Humor In Meetings'. Whether this report is correct or not. It is a facetious way of stating the sltu- enco as there, is upon the President to atlon ,I!hIch generally exists when the ropnirni?.. th r-it-ut nr r,MM ! committee on rules comes together. The peal. Every man and woman who has minority always calls a spt-cial rule for a theory of government, either "for a majority measure 'a political outrage." legislation or administration. Is ut lib- a"d tne minority members of the coro- i-i .. i .. mittee aro bouTiil hr tiartv tcnUtr to vnt vi .j iu nine iu uiui, out. wun iivi iu , , ' per cent of thoso communications are I gainst It. But it Js rarely possible for serious and intellltrent. It calls for nvo. men wno Know each other intimately most enduring patience tb give them intelligent and courteous considera tion. The Committee on llules. The committee on rules is popularly supposed to be the secret machinery by which the Speaker exercises his autocratic power over the House, to promote or retard legislation, as his own individual Judgment or desire may dictate. This is' supposed to be the machine which grinds the minor ity between the millstones, and that there in secret "the representatives of the minority put forth their most ! strenuous efforts, suffer their most hu j millating defeats, and are put on the wheel of torture bythe Speaker and his lieutenants. The one excuse for this conception of the committee on rules is that Its meetings are all ex ecutive, and never reported in detail. Reporters are never admitted, and only results are reported to the House. It is the committee empowered to take fiills from their place on the calendar and report a special rule for consideration. This committee may report a rule for the immediate con sideration of a bill Just Introd j one about to be reported from some j standing committee. It may provide and mutually respect each other per sonally to get excited in their discussion of a rule In executive session. They may tear passion to tatters In the House, especially when the galleries are crowded, In denouncing the outrage, but when they know the die Is cast and that three men can outvote two, they save their arguments and denunciation for a more public occasion. The meetings of the committee on rules are, therefore, the least dramatic that can be found In' Congress. The members come together, the minority mem bers are informed of the intention of the majority, record their votes against the proposed rule, and the committee adjourns. There is, in fact, no committee In the House where less partisan feel ing Is shovn In considering business than In the committee on rules. It is a com mittee where the responsible leaders of the majority and minority meet in good fellowship and transact business without friction and without show of personal feeling. They know just where each sldo stands and ihey do not waste words In discussing the matter, reserving their dis cussion for a more appropriate occasion where it may be effective In the House, and where he minority may possibly de feat the rule, and In that way defeat the committee, tho Speaker, and the ma jority party for which he and the com mittee stand. L. WHITE BTJSBET. Musings for Three Minutes Evolution of Bamboo Club Into Carnations, by 31. W. Itobbins. RIMITIVE man went courting hi3 lady love with a bamboo club rather than with a bouquet of pink carna tions. This is a beautiful example of the law of evolution. We have solemn-faced scien tists proving to us in books of ponderous size that man came from a tadpole, and that the reason we were afraid of the dark when we were children Is because the tadpole, our ancestor, wa3 afraid tq swim into the darjc pool under the bank,' since some voracious German carp was liable to be lurking around and gulp him dqwn as had happened very many times to his more inquisitive brothers and sis ters. As a side thought, it might be well for some deep student to undertake the prob lem of showing that William the Second, It you go back far enough," Is distantly related to the carp family. Both have very' many traits In common; In fact. In one or two points the resemblance Is posi tively startling. But it may only prove to be one more curious coincidence. To get back to evolution, they tell us that the horse of today once had an an cestor that had fivo toes and used to clamber around in the rocks of North Da kota. Just think how a five-toed animal would look at the New York, horse show. Now why Is it not reasonable to believe tbats the bunch of pink Carnations has been evoluted from the bamboo club in the same way that an artist will draw a picture of an umbrella and then by gradual stages develop it Into a racehorse with a 2:40 gait? On this theory, the bamboo club must have gradually got smaller and smaller with each generation of lovers, until It finally turned into the carnations. ' And here another thought arises: Why is It not probable that the primitive lover was th6 original man with the big stick? Our primitive lover used to wander around In Java or Sumatra- before there, was any talk about the Chinese- boycott or whether the constitution followed the flag. I When Springtime came and our friend got to thinking how pleasant it would bo to have a wife to dish up the break fast food for him every morning and fan the yellow-fevor mosquitoes off hl3 face while he took an afternoon nap,xhe must necessarily have acted on the impulses. The first thing towards the realization of his desires was to gather together some more of hl3 friends who had desires like his own, each provide Iilmself with a club from the neighboring jungle and then when the nights were dark, sneak -down the rjver to the village where the damsels lived. This Is where the clubs came In handy, for the courting was short and sharp. Tho young ladles were not convinced without a fight. First the men had to be knocked In the head and rendered hors de combat before the Invaders could each get the lady of his choice. The lady had nothing to say In the matter and was just as liable as not to be snaked along by the hair of her head at the hands of her admirer. All this wa3 on the theory that the young men In search of wives were the best fighters, for the chances were even that the Invaded village would get to- Lgether and do up the Invaders, and then there were a few more skulls for the trophy pile. When a man got a wife, he kept her by the power of his club, and ofttimes he applied It judicially on his helpmate. This Is how It came about that all is. fair in love and war, for it Is plainly to be seen that they - are both the same thing. The club method of getting a wife proved to be a too strenuous method tq remain long .popular, and thus we have developed Into the carnation-Ice cream stage, which while It Is not so physically exhausting, often proves very rough on the young man's pocketbock. Let us also remember that he who in the State of Oregon reverts back to the primitive type and takes a club to his wife soon has an example of the Mosalo principle of law and gets a club for a club, a blow for a "blow. MARCUS W. ROBBINS. Grant's Pass, Or. T ' 3