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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1905)
41 , SEVEN PURE FICTIONS CONCERNING MARCUS WHITMAN Principal William I. Marshall's Presentation of Contem poraneous Records Correcting Them THE SUXDAY OBEGONIAN, PORTLAND, AUGUST 27, 11M)5. (Copyright. All rights reserved.) RINCIPAL MARSHALL quotes from contemporaneous records correcting another -fiction as to the relation of the Hudson's Bay Com pany to the missionaries of 1836-3S. Six and Seven Not Only No Opposi tion by the II. B. Co. to American Missionaries in Oregon, but They Helped Them All to Establish and 3faintain Their Missions. That not only was there not the least opposition on the part of the H. B. Co. to Americans going to Ore gon to establish missionsbut that the H. B. Co. treated them all with the ut most kindness, and as long: as the mis sion existod rendered thom help that was indispensable in establishing and maintaining- thoir several mission sta tions, and that there was no change in these friendly relations between the various American Board missionaries and the H. B. Co. officers after the ar rival of the Catholic missionaries (which was In 183S), is established be yond dispute by the forogoing extracts from the letters and diaries of the Whitman-Spalding party, and by the following necessarily brief extracts from the scores of pages of the same tenor in the letters and diaries of Rev. S. Parker, Dr. and Mrs. "Whitman, Rev. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding, Rev. and Mrs. C. Bolls, Rev. and Mrs. E. "Walker. In 1835 Rev. Samuel Parker went to Oregon to explore for a location for the American Board Mission, and that Is what the Mississippi Herald, the official organ of the American Board, had to say (on page 4i5 of its Issue of November, 1S36,) about the "antagonism" and "op position to the establishment of Amer loan missions on the part of the H. B, Co.," which he encountered: "Communications have been received from Mr. Parker, dated May 21, 1836. ... He received much aid and numerous kind" attentions from the gentlemen connected with the Hudson's Bay Company. . . . Facilities have boon afforded him by them for explor ing large tracts of country not other wise easily accessible by him." Idem, March, 1S37, (page 124): "Mr. Parkor makes a grateful mention of the kind and polite treatment he had received from the officers of the com pany, who, together with the gentle men engaged In trade from the United States, with whom he traveled through the mountains, had borne nearly all his expensos of coni'eyance, clothing and subsistence, he not having been obliged to spend more than 52 In money from the time he loft the Missouri till his arrival 'at the Sandwich Islands." Of this time he was the guest of the H. B. Co. continusouly from October 6, 1S36, to July 14, 183C, when he reached Honolulu as a free passenger in the JiL B. Co.'s ship. , '(For Mr. Parker's grateful acknowl edgments of the kindness ho received at the various posts of the H. B. Co. and his enthusiastic commendations of the kind treatment of the Indiana by the H. B. Co., (Cf. "Parker's Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mtc," Ithaca, N. Y., 1S3S. Pages 130, 131. 132, 148, 169, 172, 272, 273, 304, 347.) Passing over the very kind recep tion of the Sualding-Whltman party In 1S3G at Fort Walla Walla and the kindness of the H. B. Co. in furnishing them free transportation down the Co lumbia to Fort Vancouver, and their hospitable reception there, where the two wives remained as guests from September 12 to November 3, 1836, while their husbands were selecting sites for missions and building houses, I can only And space to Quote the fol lowing from Mrs. Whitman's Journal, under date of September 16. After de scribing the extensive farming and stockraising operations of the H. B. Co. at Vancouver, and their mills there and at Colvlllo, she says: "Dr.-McLoughlln promises to lend us enough to make a beginning, and all the return he asks Is that we supply ether settlers In the same way. He appoars desirous to afford us every fa cility for living in his power. No per son could have received a more hearty welcome or be treated with greater kindness than we have been since our arrival." This generous offer to help these American Presbyterian missionaries to establish themselves, precisely as two years before he had helped the Meth odist missionaries, and as McDonald, the H. B. Co.'s Chlof Trader at Fort Colvllle, helped Spalding in 183G and 1838 helped Eells and Walker, with the gift of wheat and other grains and vegetables for seed and provision, till they could raise a crop, and 'with the loan of cattle and hogs and farming The Birds, leaves and limbs. We tried for five different days before we finally secured a. good photograph of tho mother and. father In tho treetop. Importance of a Tall. If one thinks tho tall of a bird is not an important factor in flight, he should have seen that mother sparrow try to catch a fly on the wing. Sev eral times I saw her dart out from the tree in pursuit of an Insect that flew past. Almost every time she missed at the first strike, and then I could see she sorely felt tho loss of her long guiding leathers. She scrambled about In midair in her efforts to turn ab ruptly and start off in a new direc tion. Sho was always successful In tho end, although at one tlmo I saw her make five tries before she landed a moth. At another tlmo she darted with such vigor that she almost turned . a complete -somersault before sho gained equilibrium. As a family of birds, the wrens havo to be placed near the top in the list , of songsters. Oregon is more favored than almost any other state, for I have seen and heard five different varieties. Threo of these singers are common about Portland the Winter wren, which Is a tiny shy little body; the Parkman's wren, which loves to build about houses and -barns o'r in bird boxb8, and Vigor's wren, which is thof larger of the throe, and has a long' tipped-up tall and a white strlpo run ning back ovor Us eye. One picks up many acquaintances rambling about tho hills, but, like peo ple, some aro moro interesting than others, and acquaintanceship often warms Into friendship as the days pass by. While out birdlng in tho latter part of Juno I was trudging along up one of tho shaded paths of the fir covered Oregon hillsides,' when a little jblrd whizzed headlong down In Its tip pling flight, barely dodging my head. Both were rather flustered at this sudden and unexpected meeting. Tho moment's pause on an overhanging branch was sufficient for mo to recog- ' nlze the hurrying stranger as Vigor's wren. But I hardly had time to see . rfwhat tho small white parcel was she car ried In her mouth. It might have been a. white miller, which I imagined would soon bo fhmst unceremoniously Implements, with no wish for any oth er return except that they should "pass the good deed along" by "helping oth ers In the same way," was the curious manner in which the great-hearted McLoughlln, the true "Father of Ore gon," head of the H. B. Co. In Orogon. and whose word was absolute law at all their posts west of the Rockies from 1824 to 1S4S. though him self a Catholic, "opposed the American occupation of Oregon," by Protestant missionaries, and ho took the same remarkable way of "opposing the es tablishment of American settlers," by treating the great migrations of 1842, 1843, 1844 and 1846 in preclsoly the same way, excopt that, as there were so many of thom, and they were not missionaries, ho did expect thom to pay, from the crops they should raise, the advances he made to them, without which advances there must have been great suffering among them. May S, 1837, Dr. Whitman. In an eight-page foolscap letter to D. Greene, secretary, wrote; "At Vanoouver we were recolved in the kindest manner by Dr. McLoughllnj Chief Factor, ote., and by all the other gentlemon of the company. After ob taining such supplies as wo needed for building and exploring and making ar rangements for future supplies, we re- turned to explore and build, leaving our wives at Vancouver. . . . The pres ent worship of the Indians was estab lished by the traders of the H. B. Co. It consists of singing and a form of prayer taught thom, after which the chief gives them a talk. It has had a favorable Influence on them in render ing them more civil and little addicted to steal. Some of the loading truths of civilization have been taught them. "A system of punishment for crime, established by tho traders, has done much good." Turn now to 3Irs. Spalding's diary, and we find the following: "July 9, 1836" (at the Rendezvous on Green River). "A trader of the It B. Co.. with a party of men, has ar rived and camped near. - . . He has kindly Invited us to travel with his company, promising to afford us all the assistance In his power." ' August 3, 1836, of thoir reception at Fort Hall, she wrote: "Arrived at this place a little after noon; were Invited to dine at tho fort, where we again had-a taste of bread." August 20, 1S3C, at Snake Fort or Fort Bolso, she wrote: "Have received many favors from the gentlemen of the fort." September 3. 1SSC, at Fort Walla Walla, she wrote: "Reached this post today. Mr. Pam brun, the clerk In charge of this estab lishment, kindly recolved us into his dwelling as guests, for which may we feel truo gratitude." September 13, 1S3C. at Fort Vancouver: "Reached this place yesterday. . . . Met with the warmest expressions of friendship and find ourselves In tho midst of civilization, where the luxury of this life seem to abound." In the Missionary Herald for Octobor, 1838 (p. 387), is a summary of a letter of Mr. Spalding, dated Septembor 4. 1837, In which, after brief description of Fort Colvllle. then In charge of Mr. McDonald, and stating that the company raised 3500 bushels of grain and an equal quantity of potatoes there. It continues: "Mr, McDonald kindly furnished Mr. Spalding" (not with "a quart of seed wheat," but) "with 36 bushals of grain. 1200 weight of flour, a yoke of oxen and throe swine to aid him in boginnlng his new establishment among the Nez Perces, bosldes numerous other articles for the comfort of his family." A later letter of Mr. Spalding shows that those supplies were a free gift. March 15, 1S3S, Mr. Spalding wrote a letter to D. Greene, secretary (from which I think nothing has yet been published). In which, after stating cost of flour at Vancouver, he continued: '"The reason of my asking flour from Boston was to provide for extremities, as we wore told sevoral times while on our Journey by a gentleman who had spent some time at Vancouver that wo must not expect many favors from Vancouver apd Walla Walla. But tho Lord ordered it otherwise, and wo find in the gentle men of the honorable Hudson's Bay Com pany a disposition to rendor us every pos sible favor. Of course there Is no reason why this should pass from your room. . . Dr. McLoughlln leaves this Spring .for England, passing with the express to Montreal, and has expressed a determi nation to visit Boston ir possible. He will receive a lettor of introduction from us to the secretaries of the board. Should he call ho will take pleasure in giving you all the Information you may wish respecting this country. In a former lot tor I have mentioned his strong desire that the board should commence lmmc dlately a mission in the lower country. As you will have seen In a former letter, he speaks very favorably of the Cowlitz." No wonder that all advocates of tho Whitman logend have avoided quoting this letter! Some of the later advocates of the Whitman legend, notably Nixon and Mowry. finding tho ovldenae of Mc- of the Oregon w OOQS Continued From Page Thirty-Eight. down a gaping throat. For all my strategy, this little brown bird was too shrewd to show me her home. Stole a March. The next day, however, I stole a march, and was woll hidden In the bushes near where I thought tho nest must be when the wren appeared. I hardly expected to escape that sharp, round eye, and was prepared for tho scolding that followed; In fact, I submitted rather Joyously to It, without a word In reply. Perhaps I had no business there on the wren's busiest day. Regardless of the harsh epithets hurled at me from tho alder limb, I was too absorbed In gazing through my field glass at an ugly piece of snakeskln the wren hold In her mouth. Rather an un canny mouthful, to be sure Tho idea of a nestful of gaping mouths vanished from my vision as the brown body fidget ed about, with her tall over her back, and then whirled away. to a large upturned root covered with vines. Here she hopped about In the tangle of brier and fern, ap parently forgetful of my presence; but those sharp brown eyes, behind which are generations of -care and cunning gained In contact with Nature, are nevor heedless. Her action would have deceived any other creature, but I knew her too well; at the likeliest moment and In an eye's twink ling sho suddonly popped up Into the dead body of an aid or treo and disap peared into a tiny round hole. Traditions of Wrens. Wrens havo traditions, and, like some people, arc perhaps slightly superstitious. I was not sure that a Vigor's wren 'con sidered a bit of snakeskln the keystone to the arch of its snugly-built home, but I do not remember over TTnfntng the nest of Its cousin, the Parkman's wren, and not finding this traditional bit of treasure. Maybe it is a matter of protoctlon, for it is said a snake will not venture where the vestige of its own skin Is found. Generations aso the ancestral wrens must have fought for protection among the tribes of reptiles, until now tho descend ants never think of starting upon houso hold duties without searching -up the hill sides, through the meadows, or bacSc in tho deep wooda. until the castdt scab coat of some sas&e is found ayf home horns In irtanpi as a hearthsume ddtr. Almost every Jtcalhcxed cr&zlhxe Loughlln's kindness to tho missionaries and to other Americans to be Irresistible, have not only disingenuously refrained from quoting any considerable part of it, but have striven to create the Impres sion that he was an exception in this matter. Let us turn aside from Spalding a moment and see what light Whitman's letters furnish on this point. October 30, 1S88, he wrote a three and one-fourth page (large letter paper) epis tle to D. Greene, secretary, in which, af ter an account of the 1S38 meeting of the mission, he continues: "I was appointed by the mooting to go to Vancouver to obtain supplies for the mission. I found Mr. Douglass now in charge, equally as accommodating as Dr. McLoughlln has been." The reader Is referred to the other let ters and extracts from diaries horoin for the unanswerable proof that theso mis sionaries received equal kindness from all the other Hudson's Bay Company offi cers with whom they came in contact McLcod, McKay, Payottc, Pambrun, Mc Kinlay, McDonald, Erxnatlnger, John Lee Lewis and Peter Skeen Ogden and with tho rigid discipline of that company It goes without saying that the employes generally were as kind to the mission aries as their suporlors in rank. The correspondence and diaries of these mis sionaries during the whole existence of the mission give no support to the claims made by Revs. Myron and Edwin Eells, since the publication of my "His tory vs. the Whitman Saved Oregon Story," that "While tho officers of tho H. B. Co. wcro generally -frlondly, tho employes wore at all times hostile and bitter toward the missionaries." Spalding to D. Greene, secretary, Sep tember 11, 182S (a nine-page lotter, hith erto unpublished). After defending him self and Whitman from the charge that they were devoting too much of their tlmo to farming ho goes on: "The question will be asked, has not tho Hudson's Bay Company several es tablishments in the country where large quantities of grain are raised every year? Yos; two, Vancouver and Colvlle. But these and all other posts of the company In the country are for a specified object, and did the gcntlomcn In charge adhere strictly to their instructions, no mission ary or settlor could receive any article of anything from these posts excopt for beaver, and no provisions for that, as they are raised only at two stations to any extent, viz., Vancouver and Colvlle, and at these only sufficient to moet tho wants of tho company, the former de signed for tho shipping and the posts on or near the coast, the latter for tho posts In tho Interior. But tho gentleman In charge of these stations have seen fit to treat us with tho greatest kindness and to furnish us as yet with evory needed merchandise, for which they have been blamed from tho other side of tho moun tains, and with sufficient provisions for our two families to begin with. But these supplies, especially provisions, have" evor been furnished us as a favor, and . not In the way of trade, and for this truly groat favor I trust wo ever shall bo truly thankful; but while we remember those favors and bless God for so wonderfully providing for us In the Infancy of our mission, I hope that none of us will bring ourselves to think that because wo are missionaries, wo are therefore not to be regulated by the rules that regulate gen tlomen In their intercourse with each oth er, but grasp all favors we can got and ask for more, which would not only cer tainly moke it necessary for the company sooner or later to deny us and throw us on our own resources, but bring ourselves and perhaps tho board Into disgrace. Consequently, your mission in this coun try cannot depond on the Hudson's Bay Company for supplies of provisions. Doubtless- a. station in tho xgion of- Col vlle would receive, as I have, abundance of provisions for one or two years till it could sustain ltsolf, provided tho Yankee be not too pronounced in questions, etc, such as 'What do you charge a pound for pork?' "What will you let me have a bushel of wheat for?" Can I get a pound of sugar here?" Mr. McDonald gave me to understand when here that tho sup plies of provisions I received last Fall was all that the fort could safely part with, and that was furnished as a favor, as all supplies from that fort would be, and not In tho way of trade. And here let me say that the favors which we havo received from Mr. McDonald and wife havo not been few nor of little conse quence to us. Besides the supplies fur nished" us for a given price, which are no less favors for being sold, and frequent presents of a bag of fine flour, a ham, a side of pork, buffalo tongues, etc., there has been no charge for the first supply of provisions in 1S36, the amount of which I will give you when I am certain it Is not to bo charged." September 22, 183S, Spalding to D. Greene, secretary (hitherto unpublished). Besides a financial statement of the mis sion it contains the following: "As we aro not in a country of trade, except for beaver, all our supplies are furnished as favors and not in the way of barter. They are furnished us at only 80 per cont advance on tho prime Kstin London. We feel ourselves great pome Interesting trait of protection. I have always found that the red-breasted nuthatch, after he has excavated his wooden home In some dead stump, never fails to collect a good supply of soft pitch and plaster It religiously about the circled doorway of the log house. The morning of July 23, when the young wrens were about grown, I raw a tiny orown head peeking out the round nest hole. The mother seemed very busy bringing in provisions. The father scold ed and stormed like a trooper. T rating ho gave ma was not very much more severe than the Hftla ivrstch gaxa his wife every time zfoa -returned with mor sels of food. With aS his fanU-fmdlng, he made not a xScgls attempt to help her feed lha five hungry youngsters la the heart of tho dead alder. He grew more rigorons in his language; then, a little later, when tho mother returned with a white grub, he darted at her like a mad man. She retreated down tho limb and through tho bushes, trembling in terror. 11 looked as If the wren house hold was to be tMtrt'Vrd. She quivered through the fcra toward mo on fluttering wing: and then, as if thoroughly sub dued, she gave the grub "to tho father. This was the bona of contention. The scolding ceased. Est what of his actions? Tho selfish TIffli tyrant flew about the alder, calling la & soft tone to Ms children within and then EsraHowtd the grub 'himiajf, Xwo cr throe Hmes"hc did frK until I was sq that I rrH hardly ft" 'hup IT ha -were hungry, ha could at least skirmish for 'htmir While I was chiding hfan for his in famous actions, tho mother appeared with a large moth, which ha readQy too. Among the alder Dmhs tho father Sersr, and finaDx np to 3j aess-htils, vat ot which was ln-sctngr sndh jgrfes ol lsa gny scfitiiiiis bb 3n juuivit with the least bit of devntlnn coulS xsshs. I could hard ly believe my eyes, fnr the Mttlo knave just want to the dnur, where each hun gry nestling could get a good view of the morsel, then, as if scolding ths cnea for being bo noisy and hungry, ha hoppad back down the tree into tho "TftT'"s. This was .Inflwd cause lor a fmnHy re volt. Thn brown nestling Anr t the door nrew xo hnlfl trclfh hunger thfft he fnrgnt bis fear and jfl""g"fl headlong dawn, catching Jn the Hr-n-nHfrq below whets tho father jnarchefl. And .ttro pre ly favored that we can receive our sup plies in this country without being obliged to wait two or four years for their arrival from Boston." Treatment of tho 1838 Rc-Enforcc- mcnt to the Wliltman-Spaldlng Mission by the II. B. Co. Let us examine, now, tho vigor with which Mr. McDonald, the Hudson's Bay Company officer In charge at Fort Col vllle, "opposed" the establishment of a mission station by Revs. E. Walker and C Eells. The proper spelling of this post Is Col vlle, It having beon named In honor of a Mr. Colvlle, not villc. A full account of the Hudson's Bay Company's "opposltlonn" to tho establish ment of this mission station Is given In the diary of Rev. E. Walker, as fol lows: "Fort Colvlle. Monday, September 17, 1S3S." Having that morning eaten the last mouthful of the provisions which they had taken with them when they started from Whitman's station to explore for a location for their mission station, tho Journal reads: "We reached here about 1 this day. Re ceived a cordial welcome from Mr. Mc Donald and lady." "Wednesday, September 13 After din ner I opened tho subject of our coming. Found Mr. McDonald favorably disposed and willing to assist us. This was a great relief to my mind. We purposed starting tomorrow, but ho thought it not best, so havo altered our determination. . . . Mr. McDonald promised to send tools to us at Big Head's place, so we shall bo saved tho trouble with them on tho route." "Thursday, September 20 Received a presnet of two pairs of moccasins this morning from Mr. McDonald. . . . He seems more and more Interested. He has engaged to give us what supplies we want for the Journey, and to send some on for us while building, and told us if we want more to send for them. . . . Mr. Mc Donald said he felt very anxious that our station should exceed all tho rest in this country." "Friday, September 21 Wo did not get prepared to start till nearly 11; but when wo did we found ourselves well prepared with provisions through tho kindness of Mr. McDonald and lady. "He sent for an Indian, one of tho Pon dcrays, and told him he must take caro of our animals and packs, and must not expect any pay for it, for wo crime with the Blblo and Testament to do them good. They must do all we wanted them to. Accordingly we had but very little trou ble with our packs and animals." After traveling about for five days, they decided to locate at Tshlmakaln (The Place of a Spring), (tho place recommend ed by Mr. McDonald), about 63 miles south of Colvlle, and not finding any tools and supplies, wero worrying about them when "To our Joy the Indian sent by Mr. Mc Donald arrived soon after dinner with two axes. 10 pounds of Indian meal, 30 pounds flour, 10 pounds of buffalo moat (dried), 15 pounds of bacon, all of the first quality, making- 95 pounds In all. Big Head" (the Indian chief on whoso land they had located) "gave us some potatoes soon after, so that wo have a good stock of prorlslons at present, enough to last us what time wo wanted to stay." Though this diary haB been for quite a number of years among the Mss. of tho Oregon Historical Society, no advocate of the Whitman Saved Oregon Story has ever given his readers an opportunity to know about these or the various other acknowledgements it makes of tho con stant kindness of tho H. B. Co. in cstab llahlrur this mission station, and aiding It during its -whole existence; -'51 Several advocates of tho Whitman Saved Oregon Story, notably Gray. Bor rows and Craighead, have declared that after the Catholic missionaries reached Oregon (which was in 1S3S). there was a marked change for the worse In the ac tions of the H. B. Co. toward Americans. Let us see what tho contemporary rec ord cays. July 13, 1811, Dr. Whitman wrote a six pa go letter to D. Greene, secretary, (from which nothing has yet been published), in which we find tho following: "Your fears lest our good understand ing with tho gentlemen of tho Hudson's Bay Company should have been Inter rupted are not well founded, for it has remained undisturbed up to this date; in deed, we never were on better terms than at present. I believe I havo told you that Mr. McLoughlln and Mr. Pambrun were the only two professed Catholics among the gentlemen of tho company with whom wo have to do business. To the hour of Mr. Pambrun's death" (which was in May, 1S41), "without Interruption we were growing more and moro In confidence and kind offices." Mr. Pambrun had been continuously in charge of Fort Walla Walla, bnly 25 miles from Whitman's Station, from 1S32 to 1841, and every American who went there In all those years and has left any record, spoke in the highest terms of his kindness and hospitality. Mr. Pambrun's successor in charge of cocious youngster got the large moth as a reward for his bravery. Not till then did it dawn on me that there was a reason for the father's action. The wrcnlets were old enough to leave the nest. Outside in the warm sunshine they could be fed and would grow more rapidly and learn the ways of wood craft. In half an hour, one after an other, the little wrens had been persuaded, even compelled, to leave tho narrow con. fines of the nest and launch out Into the world. WIL.L.TAM LOV ELL. FINLEY. Charls, Her Triumph. Sea Josses. Sao the chsrtot at fcaad hero of 13 to I "WJiercin xsr l&dy rioeth! Tch that draws Is a swan, or a dOTe, Asd wctl tie ear Lots ecldeth. As eke roea. all hurts do d&ty Unto her bauty; And, csasasred, do wish, xo they might But aojor aeh sight. That they stffl were to rcn by her aJde, Throash sworla. thrasghxsau. whither sh would ride. ' Do bet look on her eres! they do light All ttist Love's wcrld eomprlseth; Do bat look on her hair; It Is bright As Love's stir when It rlseth! Tha words that soothsherl Do but mirk, her forehfjid'a smoother And from her arched brows such a erxce Sheds Itself through thy fact, As alone their triumphs to the life. All the gain, all the good, of the element? strife. Have you seen but a bright lily grow, Before rude hands have touched It? Have you marked but the fall o' the snow. Before the soil hath sznutched It? Have yoa felt the wool of the beaver? Or swan's down ever? Or hare smelt o the bud of the brier? Or the nard I the Ore? Or hare tasted the bag of the bee? O, so white! O. so sort! O, so sweet Is she! Tho Busy Fly. SoxnerrUle (2ass.) Journal. How doth the little busr fly Disturb our morning- peace. . . By buzzing bcaHy around. With maddening- caprice! How rudely he disturbs our nips. When we would woo repose. By zaeanly tieVUng our ears. Or lighting on our nose! How ifcHlfnUy he dodges roand. When, disinclined to bear His torments more, we slap xt Tn, And nnd he l&n'z thecal O pesky, pestilential fir. Tou are an awful curse:! If all we think at you were -said, Ko one would print this verse. Fort Walla Walla was the sturdy Scotch Presbyterian. Archibald McKInlay, who remained In command there till February. 1S4& He was a warm friend of the Whitmans, and in Octobor, 1341, when tho Indians became much Incensed at the mission aries, and assaulted both Whitman and Gray, only McKInlay'a Influenco and ac tion in their behalf prevented the destruc tion of the mission. (Cf. on this Whit man's own letter of November IS, 1S41, to D. Greene. secretaryt copied by Mrs. Whitman In one of hers, and published In Tr. O. P. A., 1S61, pp. 154-162); and the fol lowing from E. Walker's diary: "October 29, 1S41. Mr. Eells came He brings sad news from below. They have hard times with the Indians at Wallatpu, and the doctor camo very near losing his life. So strong was tho friendship of Whit man for McKInlay. that when he started for the States ho left hl3 wife under Mc Klnlay's charge, and did not. as the Whlt manltes say, arrange for her to go to the Methodist mission at The Dalles, tho In vitation for her to go thero not having been received till some tlmo after he left, as Is explicitly stated in Mrs. Whitman's letter to her husband, dated March 29, 1S43 (being No. 106, Vol. 13S, Am. Bd. Letters), from which nothing has yet been published. Whitman's statoment to the Prudential Committee of the American Board at Bos ton on April 4, 1313, contains tho following sentence: "The traders at Walla Walla decidedly friendly and accommodating." October 26. 1S45, Dr. Whitman to D. Greene, secretary (covering Heven pages large-sized paper): "Mr. Ogden passed down In August last, but was not able to visit us. But Mr. Mc KInlay, his son-in-law, came up Immedi ately and gave us his kindest assurances, together with much Interesting informa tion. Mr. Ogden comes back to become the general superintendent of the com pany's business in thl3 country and vi cinity, and Is to .travel roost of his time from post to post, while Mr. Douglas Is to remain at Vancouver and succeed Dr. McLoughlln. who soon, retires on his own private account and settles at the falls of the Willamette on tho south sldo of which he Is the proprietor." McBcan in Command at Walla Walla After February, 184G, Shame fully Slandered by tho Whitman itcs. McKInlay's successor was McBean. who, like Pumbrun, was a Catholic He has been the target for unlimited abuse from the Whltmanltos, copying Gray's and Spalding's slanders of him, but a careful study of the contemporaneous documents that they havo all carefully suppressed will convince any candid mind that, al though not by nature as genial a man a3 Pambrun. nor as fearless and tactful In dealing with Indians as McKInlay, he was an honorable and humane man. in no way responsible for the Whitman massacre, which. It Is probable, would not have happened had Whitman been willing to hoed the warning and kindly advice given him by McBean and Paul Kane, tho artist, on July 23-24. 1847. (Cf. for this, "Wanderings of an Artist Among tho Indians of North America," by Paul Kane, London, 1S59, pages 2S1-2S3.) Kane made a swift night rldo from Walla Walla to Wallatpu, conveying McBoan's and hl3 own warning of great danger, and a .pressing Invita tion from McBean to "Come to tho fort, for a while at least, until the Indiana havo cooled down; but be (Whitman) said he had; lived so long amongst them and had .done so much for thom that ho "did not apprehend they would In Jura him." Turn now again to the records of the station of Eells and Walker, and see whother or not there was nny "change" In the treatment of those missionaries by the Hudson's Bay Company "after the Catholic missionaries reached Oregon, In Tho house in which Rev. C. Eells lived was burned. January 11, 1841, and March 6, 1841, Rev. C. Eells wrote to D. Greene, secretary, a letter, the essential parts of which were printed In the Missionary Herald, for October 1841. After giving an account of the fire ho continues: "Mr. McDcnald, who is in charge of Fort Colvlle. on hearing of our mis fortune, unasked, dispatched four men immediately, and they soon mado our house habitable. Two gentlemen of tho Hudson's Bay Company, Messrs. McLoan and McPhorson, volunteered their services to assist In whatever was necessary to be done, and came at the same time with them, or rather led the march. "All campod upon the ground when the mercury must havo been not loss than ten below zero, and the snow from six Inches to one foot in depth. This is but a specimen of the unvary ing kindness shown U3 by the gentle- When Dan He Dd -w-'rLc; late uoionoi uamei s. j-a- I mom useu tu ramie miui amus- ingly to his Intimate friends," said Colonel J. B. Jones, "how It camo about that he first met Grover Cleveland after Cleveland had been elected Governor of New York. "Lamont was then a reporter on the Albany Argus, which was controlled by Daniel Manning, and he had llttlo Idea of being anything else for a long time to come. Grover Cleveland had only a lim ited acquaintance with the leaders of his party throughout tho state at that time, and though he had not yet been Inau gurated, he was being deluged wltlj letters from all over the state, tilled with all sorts of suggestions, making all sorts of demands and calculated to make tho days and nights unpleasant for one with the llttlo experience in politics that Cleveland then had. . "But those letters had to be answered, and as they piled up before him day by day, Cleveland saw the necessity of hav ing some ono who knew stato politics and politicians to help him out of tho muddle. He wroto to Dan Manning and told him of the dilemma he was in. 'For heaven's sake,' ho wrote, 'send some one to help mel Dan Lamont entered the Argus ofiice as Manning was reading Cleveland's let ter, and when he had finished reading he looked up and saw Lamont. He pondered a moment and then said: " 'Dan, I shouldn't wonder If you might be able to help Cleveland out In this. Suppose you run up to Buffalo and try It.' "Manning handed Lamont the letter. Lamont read it and said: " "All right. When shall I go?' " 'Better go right along.' said Manning. "So Lamont packed his grfi?-'And It didn't take much of a grip to carry all I had in those days, Lamont used to say. in tolling about it and took the first train for Buffalo. It was late in tho evening when he arrived there, but ho thought ho had better report to the Gov ernor before going to a hotel, so ho had himself guldod to whsro Cleveland was keeping bachelor quarters, over a store or something. Lament knocked at tho door. "'Ctnio Inl said a -rigorous Tulce. "Colonel Lamont and his handbag went in. The Governor-elect wz3 sitting at a table. Lorters opened and unopened vvtire mea of the Hudson's Bay Company, with whom we have had any particu lar Intercourse or connection." No advocate of the Whitman Leg end has ever quoted this letter, or alluded to this action of the H. B. Co. Rev. E. Walker's diary, under date of Sunday, January 17, 1841, reads as follows: "Just a3 tho sun was setting, Mr. McLean and Mr. McPherson rodo up with four men to assist in repairing tho burnt house and bringing letters to Mr. Eells and myself from Mr. Mc Donald. "They were more or less frozen and suffered much on the route." March 13. 1S45, Row C. Eells wrote an eight-page letter to D. Greene, sec retary, in which Is the following con cerning Mr. McDonald, who, till Sep tember, 1S44. had remained continu ously since 1838, In chargo of Fort Colvlle, and was the nearest white neighbor they had; and who had left Fort Colvlle. in September, 1S44, to take his children where they could be educated: "The klndnoss of that estimable family towards us was unabated to tho last. The politeness and cordiality with which wo have ever been welcomed to ; their generous hospitality, the prompt and cheerful manner In which they have attended to frequent calls for as sistance and the numerous unsolicited and gratuitous favors they have con ferred upon us deserve grateful ac knowledgement." No Whitmanlte has quoted this let ter. John Leo Lewes succcedod McDonald at Fort Colvlllo, and was equally kind to those missionaries. The Actions of the H. B. Co. After the "Whitman Massacre. Rev. E. Walker to D. Greene, April 3, 1S4S, says that on Dec. 9, 1S47, wnen the news of the Whitman massacre reached them, they sent an express to Fort Colvlle, and Mr. Lewes at once replied, urging If thero seemed to them any danger that they "Fly to this establishment one and nil without delay, and I will do ray best for your protection till wo can find tho means to convey you all to Vancouver, or till tho times of peace return again, making It safe for you to return to your own abode." They remained at Tshlmakaln till Wednesday, Mtirch 15, but the follow ing extracts from Mrs. Walker's Jour nal will show how earnestly solicitous Mr. Lewes was for their safety: "Saturday, Feb. 12. 1848. An express from Colvlle: Mr. Lewes alarmed about us In consequence of Indian rumors. We are much perplexed to know what to do. We fear to go; we fear to stay." "Sunday. 13th. This P. -M. another express arrived from Colvlle. Affairs there havo taken a serious turn. The men are under arms and In alarm for themselves and for us." "Sunday, 20th. Another letter from Mr. Lewes. He has also sent a Cana dian to remain a while." "Friday. March 19th. Thomas Roy left for Colvlle this morning." "Sunday, March 12th. Frederick Lewes (son of John Leo Lewes) and Thomas Roy arrived. Mr. Lewes' seems rather afraid to have us remain Iongor." "Monday, March 13th. We conclude that It Is best to removo to Colvlle for a while.' "Wednesday, March 15th. We left home about noon, perhaps to return no more." "Saturday, March 18th. Wo reached Colvlle about noon, where we received a cordial welcome." The two families remained guests of Mr. Kewes till Juno 1, 1843, when they left under an escort of the First Ore gon Riflomen. and under dato of June 1, 1S43, (In a 22-page letter In tho form of a diary), to Rev. D. Greene, secre tary. Rev. C. Eells wrote: "With emotions which, wo cannot well express for the great kindness and Invaluable assistance of John Lee Lewes, Esq., wo took leave of that worthy gentleman." No sooner did tho Intelligence of the Whitman massacre reach Fort Van couver than James Douglas and P. S. Ogden fitted out two boats, and with 16 men and an ample supply of Indian goods, started them under the com mand of Ogden to Fort Walla Walla, about 390 miles up the Columbia. Mak ing utmost possible speed, they reached Walla Walla December 19, and Ogden Immediately began negotiations for the ransom of the 51 captives at Whitman's station, and the nine at Spalding's sta tion, who wcro virtually captives, since tho Nez Forces would only allow them to leave on payment by Ogden of a ransom, and so vigorously did he pros ecute his mission of mercy that January 1. 1S43, the 60 ransomed ones were at Walla Walla, and the next day they Lamont First Met Cleveland n Night's Work That Brought BCIm Rich Reward. plied and scattered about the floor and littered the table, while their recipient was plainly working hard to get thom In shape for answering, his coat off and his sleeves rolled up. "He glanced Inquiringly up a3 Lamont entered the' room. " 'Mr. Manning sent me from Albany, In response to your letter, to see whether I could be of any service to you,' said La mont, by way of Introduction. "Colonel Lamont used to say that Cleveland's face brightened, and he rose and shook hands heartily with his visitor. " 'Sit down said he. 'I'm mighty glad you've come.' "Lamont sat down, and they chatted awhile. Then Lamont said: "Well, Governor, I guess I'll bo going now to hunt up a place to stay. "What time shall I come around in the morning to begin tho work?' " 'In the morning!' exclaimed Cleveland, looking surprised. 'You're not going to begin work at all in the morning. You're going to begin right now. "Now, Lamont was tired and hungry and sleepy. He kept the tired and sleepy part to himself, however, but admitted to tho Governor that he was hungry, and said he would go out and get a bite of something beforo starting In with the business In hand. " 'Entirely unnecessary, replied Cleve land. 'I can feed you right here.' "And Dan said the Governor bustled around and soon had a good enough spread of cold victuals and a nlco cup of hot coffeo, the latter made on the stove in the room, ready for Dan to pitch in and eat and drink, Cleveland taking a snack himself, to keep company. The meal finished, the Governor hastily cleared the table. " 'Now;' said he, 'let's get to work.' "They went to work, and from La mont's knowledge and experience and training In tho mattera to be attended to he was able by half-past 1 In the morning to get such a good showing of order out of the mass and had outlined such prac tical plans for facilitating the work that the Governor said he guessed they could spare tho rest of the night for sleeping. Ho had a bed for Lamont. and when Lamont turned In ho asked what time bo should get up In the morning. 'Ob. never mind that.' said Clevelandi 1 will call you. As the late Secretary used to .say. he started down tho river, and In due timl Mr. Ogden delivered them In safety a Oregon City. The wholo history of Indian massacre! slnco the settlement of America bega:j shows no other instance where so mard captives wero so quickly rescued, with ni lighting, and with no overwhelming mil. tary force menacing tho Indians. The Oregon Spectator, the only panel then published 4n Oregon, in Its issue o! January 20. 1343, printed the following let! ter: "Oregon City. 17 Jan., 1S4S. "Sir: I feel It a duty as well as pleasure to tender you my sincere thankd and the thanks of this community foJ your exertions In behalf of the widow! and orphans that were left In the hancLj of the Cayuse Indians. "Their state was a deplorable one, sut Ject to the caprice of savages, expose. to their lnsujts, compelled to labor fri1 them, and remaining constantly In drea lost they should be butchered, as the!;! nusbands and fathers had been. "From this state I am fully satisfied wc could not relieve them. "A small party of Americana wo havo been looked upon by them with cn-l tempt; a large party would have been t; signal ior a general massacre. "Your Imme'dlato departure from .r couver On receipt of the Intelligence fr rj vallatpu enabling you to arrive at WVT- Walla before the news of the Amerlr .j party having started from this pla el reached them, together with your in fluence over the Indians, accomplished t - desirable object of relieving the dlstresse " "Your exertions In behalf of the prl.- oner3 will no doubt causo a feelln- r? pleasure to you through life, but this tot not relievo them nor us from obliga wo are under to you. "You havo also laid the American lov ernment under obligations to you, fr their citizens were the subjects of tr massacre, and their widows and orpl XT' are the relieved ones. With a slngTo! prayer that tho widows' God and tr-"! Father of the Fatherless may rewar you for your kindness, I have the hoa ' to remain, sir your obedient servant "GEORGE ABERNETHY. 'Governor of Oregon Territory "To Peter Skeen Ogden, Esq., Chlc'j Factor Honorable Hudson's Bay Com pany. Vancouver." For this expenditure of time and "Ubc J and of property, paid for the ransoutH these American citizens, no bill was evr'- rendered by the Hudson's Bay Compan either to tho National Government or t j that of Oregon, nor was any paymer " ever made to the Hudson's Bay Compar -by either government for this service arj expenditure. No other man In 'Oregon was as com' petent to judge of the Inestimable valt of the prompt and entirely voluntary ar- tlon of the H. B. Co. In this rescue at Governor Abernethy. who went out as a lay member of the 1S40 reinforcement to tho Methodist mission, and for severnl years managed tho secular business 0 that mission, nnd In 1S45 was chaser Governor under the Provisional Govern ment of Oregon, and by successive re elections continued In that position tl!' on March 3, 1849. tho Provisional Gov ernment was superseded by the regularli organized United States Territorial Gov ernment. There was no moro patriotic American than Abernethy, and no other man It Oregon knew so thoroughly what wer the resources of the Provisional Govern ment for rescuing these captives, and fc -waging a war with tho Indians, and n ono was loss likely to bo swayed by any liking for the Hudson's Bay Company Into over-estimating the value of their , services In this rescue; and there Is nit a shadow of a doubt but what this letter to Ogden was fully -Indorsed, by avct- American then living in Oregon even bj Rev. H. H. Spalding and W. H. Gray- though a few months later, with abso lutely no evidence to sustain tho chargp they accused the H. B. Co. and the Catholics of Instigating tho massacre, which was as shameful and baseless a slander as wa3 ever uttered. Turn now to tho very brief record cf the overland trip of the 1S33 reinforce ment to tho Am. Bd. Mission. Mrs. Eells' diary, under date of Fri day. July 27, 1S3S. reads: "Arrivo at Ft. Hall. Received kindly by all at tho fort." "Sunday. July 29th. About 10 o'clock Mr. Ermatlnger comes to invite to break fast: says ho has Just got up. After breakfast he comes again to lnvlt- us to have preaching at the Fort. After noon. Mr. Eells preaches In the dining room to some 50 or 60 hearers. "Tuesday, July 31st. Mako arrange ments for moving camp Mr. Ermatlnger gives ten pounds of sugar. "Wednesday, August 15th. . . . en camp on the river opposite Fort Bolsrl feasted with milk, butter, turnips, puntp- ' kin and salmon. "Thursday. August 16th. Milk and plen ty of vegetables to eat. "Friday. August 17th. Some of tho gen tlemen at the Post send us a pleco of sturgeon for breakfast. "Sunday, August 19th. Mr. Payton (Payette) sends us another sturgeon" (Cf. Tr. O. P. A.. 1SS9. pp. S3. S6-7). went to bed so tired that his head had hardly touched tho pillow beforo he -tVaa asleep. Ho knew nothing further urjitli he wa3 awakened by a noiso In the id Joining room. He rose in bed and 1 it ened. 1 "He heard tho stove being shaken do- vn vigorously and tho rattle of .coal be ig put on, and recognized the volco of t io Governor, who was doing tho shaking down and coaling up, humming the thin new and popular song, 'When the Robiais Nest Again. I "Lamont looked at his watch. It wss Just 4 o'clock! The Governor was up get ting breakfast ready, preparatory to the luirlnnln. rf -rr-nyr no V. Jni. "Lamont didn't wait to be called, buH got up ngnt tnen ana aressed hlmselF" and reported to the Governor, who wa" plainly pleased with the staying and re cuperating qualities of his young lieuten ant. "The system that Lamont put into th work of straightening out that taniriii mas3 of correspondence and In a remark ably short time getting It moving In easy and proper channels favorably Impressed Grover Cleveland. At any rate, that Is the way, so Lamont used to say, that ho and Grover Cleveland first met. How much that meeting meant to the future of each i3 history now." He Followed Instructions. Tit-Bits. "Children," said the teacher, instructing the class In composition, "you should not attempt any flights of fancy; simply bo yourselves and write what 13 In you. Do not Imitate any other person's writings or draw Inspiration from outside sources." As a result of this advice Tommy Wise turned out the following composition: "Wo should not attempt any nights of fancy, but write what Is In us. In me there Is my stummiCK, lungs, hart, liver, two apples. one piece of pie, one stick of lemon candy ana my dinner. Midsummer. Elizabeth "Woodbridge In the Outlook. There are sounds of Summer that importune. Teeming. Insistent insect life. Rhythmical, ceaseless, rank and rife; But the spirit of Summer finds Its word Where the tlger-llllles are drowsily stirred By the hum and the hum of the humming- Is the heart of an August noon.