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TFB- SUXDAY .OREGOSIAN,- POETIjAXD, MAECH" 26, 1905.
HALF A CENTURY OF SUFFRAGE WORK
Famous Women to Attend Coming Convention in Port
land By Johnston McCuHey.
Famous Women
Coming
Suffragists to Gather in
Portland on June 29. .
i KB 37th annual convention of the
National Woman Suffrage Associa
tion Mil meet in Portland from June
29 to July 5, this Tear. The National offi
cers, and Susan B. Anthony, honorary
president, will be (present, and the list ot
speakers will include, besides these, some
of the most famous women in the United
States and in the world.
There' will be afternoon and evening ses
sions every day, -which will be open to
the public at large. There -will also be
executive sesslonsln the, mornings, at
which the actual busldess of the associa
tion will be transacted. .There will be an
election of officers, with many candidates
for each office.
The work of over half a century "will be
reviewed by the speakers, and statistics
will be on hand to show the development
in the movement since its inception;, also
to show what has been done in some
states where the suffragists have In: a
measoro won out. A campaign for broader
usefulness will be inaugurated, and Ore
gon -will be marked as one of the battle-
THE CONVENTION.
Meets June 23 to July. 5.
Hundreds of 'delegates from all parts
of Jthe country will bs present.
Many famous women will deliver s.d
dre'sEes. The work of Jiclf a century will be
reviewed.
Plans will be formulated for groater
effort.
important resolutions will be parsed.
Convention will be conducted solely
by women, and as- true to parliamen
tary law as any ever conducted by
man.
grounds, for in Oregon, among other
states, the suffragists hope to gain many
victories they hope to win in Oregon that
the state may be held up to other states
as a model' one, wherein woman suffrage
results in good and not evil.
Contrast With First Convention.
The convention which will meet In Port
land this Summer will be in marked con
trast with that first convention called so
many years ago, when the advocates -l
BUffrage were looked upon as unwomanly
women, when it was even hinted that
they were wanting in intelligence and
modesty.
Back in ISiS, when Susan B. Anthony
was very young and very ambitious;- she
was refused permission to speak at a
temperance meeting. Her righteous in
dignation was aroused, she conferred
with other young women with ideas like
herself, and timidly called the flrstcon
vention of what has since developed Into a
strong organization. The call stated that
the convention was to consider the legal.
political and social status of woman. Lu-
cretia Mott, Lydia Maria Child. Abby
Kelly Foster, Lucy Stone, Antoinette
Blackwell. Elizabeth Cady. Stanton and a
dozen other Intrepid spirits answered tho
call and began a fight which has been
waged unceasingly ever since.
Nllss Anthony Reviled.
Miss Anthony Immediately became the
butt of every joke. She was reviled, cari
catured and ridiculed. She suffered more
indignity, through the public press than
any woman of tho century. Others fore
most in the movement shared the fate of
Miss Anthony.
William Lloyd Garrison, "Wendell Phil-
Hps and Theodore Parker had instituted
their warfare against slavery, and they
persuaded Miss Stone, one of Miss An
thony s colleagues, to lecture at Maiden,
Mass. It was in the Autumn of 1817. Miss
Stone hafl recently graduated from Ober
lin College. The pastor of the First Con
gregational Church of Maiden made the
following announcement from his pulpit
"I am requested by Mr. Mowcy to say
that a hen will undertake to crowVllke a
cock at the Town Hall this afternoon at 5
o'clock. Any one who desires to hear that
kind of music will, of course, attend.
Large Crowd Hears "Hen" Crow.
The announcement was sensational, the
people of Maiden had never heard a worn-
an' 8 voice from the rostrum, and these
two things combined to give Miss Stone a
largo audience. .That was the beginning.
From that time forward, Lucy Stone trav.
eled and lectured on woman suffrage and
on the slavery question.
One night, while she was speaking In a
New England town, a pane of glass wa3
removed from behind her, a hoso was
pushed through and she was deluged wi
icy water. She wrapped a shawl closely
about her and calmly finished her address,
Again at Capo Cod the Anti-Slavery So-
-clety held an open-air meeting. A mob
surrounded the speakers, and Miss Stone
was vers' roughly .handled. The bravery
of Miss Stone finally overcame the leader
of tho mob and he turned In and defended
her. She finished her lecture with him
standing by h,er sloe.
Persecution for Years.
iflChis persecution continued for years,
but the effect was all the other way.
"When Lucy Stone died, in 1S93. tho entire
press of America eulogized her, and the
Boston Herald, a paper that had reviled
her in days gone by, said that she went
to her grave honored, respected and loved
by the entire American people.
Miss Stone was not alone in these trials.
Miss Anthony and the others who at
tended that first convention In 1S4S, and
who were actively engaged in the work
of the cause, came in for their share o
the persecution. Miss Anthony immodi
ataly attacked legislation that was ad
verse to the rights of women. In 1849. one
year after .the convention, sh went after
he Now York Legislature. At that time
there was in force in all the state?, with.
pomo modifications, tho old English law,
wAfja. ortmc. t Ite ef.ttitn.
It forbade a man to whlp-hta wife with
a stick bigger around than his thumb.
It gave the husband absolute control o
the wife s property.
It prohibited a wife from making a wIlL
It gave the husband authority to draw
the wife's money from the oaik without
consulting her.
Opened Spheres of Usefulness.
Miss Anthony also -attempted to open
more .spheres of employment for women,
At that time women could do nothing but
the work of a seamstress, factory opera.
tlves and In the household. Women in
Jourpalisni, in commercial circles, were
never dreamed of. and wore not tolerated.
Yet there are. now In -the United States
more than 160,000 women teachers.
some of tho city superintendents
and high school principals, and tw
of the largest women's colleges- in the
country. Bryn Mawr and Wellcsleyjjbav
women at ineir neons.
Elizabeth Blackwell, back in -the '50s,
wso the first woman to get a medical-dl
oloma; today there ore hundreds of worn
en attending medical institutions, hun- every state in the Union has put down
dreds are In active practice, they are ad- tho bar and asked them in. Clergy
mltted to the majority of men's medical , women are common, me ordained by the
colleges, they support three largo Na- ; Univorsallst and Congregational churches,
tlonal medical schools of their Bwn, be- ana certain sects in tne yjaptist ana jaein
sides many smaller ones. And the legal odlst denominations, and they have .al-
status of a woman physician Is the same
as that of a man physician. .
,., . , , .
Women In Law and War. '
It is the came in the profession of law. !
Women lawyers were admitted topractlce did their work so' well that tho War Dc
bofore tho Supreme Court of the United partment, undor the Surgeon-General, re
states In 1S73,, and since that time nearly I
WOMEN WHO ARE FOREMOST IN SUFFRAGE WORK
SKETCHES OF THOSE WHO GIVE THEIR BEST EFFORTS TO THE CAUSE
EV. ANNA H. SHAW, president of
the National Suffrage Association.
comes from sturdy stock. Her grand
mother refused to pay tithe to the
Church of England, and year after year
sat in the doorway of her humble home.
knitting and denouncing the law, while
her goods were seised and iold in the
streets for taxes she would not pay.
Her granddaughter inherited from her
the sense of the Injustice of taxation
without representation, and as the deter
mined Revolutionists fought for this
cause against the Hon of Britain. 30 has
she fought against the rjrevalent Idea that
uic oauoi-Dox is jor man aiouc
Rev. Anna Shaw is regarded as one of
the most pleasing lady speakers that ever
addressed an audience. She possesses a
wonderful magnetism, has a fine voice
and the power ot pointed argument, and
is eloquent in no small degree.
At the age of 15.. after -eagerly devouring
knowledge whenever the opportunity af
forded Itself, she began her career as a
public schoolteacher. To do this she over
came almost insurmountable obstacles.
Every bodk. every paper that camo into
her hands, was eagerly read. In this
manner she became acquainted with a
wide range of subjects. To this she added
keen Insight into human nature, and the
result was. at the age'f 35, when Rev.
Anna ShaW waa but a girl, that she pos
sessed the knowledge rarely exhibited by
a woman of mature years.
After teaching for a time, Miss, Shaw
attended the theological department of
tho Boston University. from, where fce
graduated in 1S78. She served thereafter
as pastor of churches in the southeastern
part of Massachusetts. "She followed this
lino of work for 14 years. The Methodist
Episcopal Church refusing her ordination.
sho received it from the Methodist trot
estant Church In 1ES3. During her pas
torate she studied medicine and received
tho degree Of M. P. from the Boston Uni
versity. She is believed to be thcr-first
woman to have the double distinction of
the titles "Reverend" and '-VM. D." Her
family were opposed tjsVher studying for
the ministry and taking up the study of
medicine, on the ground that for a woman
to take such an unheard-of course would
be no less than a disgrace. Her success,
however, hascffectually rcconoilcd them
to the' 'disgrace." Rev. Anna H. Snaw
has been foremost in suffrage work for
several years, and since .she has been at
the head of the association she has con
ducted , the work with commendable en
ergy and sincerity.
NOTIIER woman orator who has
gained renown is Mrs. Carrie Chap
man Catt, vico-president-at-large of the
Woman'? Suffrage Association. Her voice
is clear and musical and her presence
magnetic. She Is not aggressive or arbl
trary In her logic
Mrs. Catt was born in Wisconsin and
educated In Iowa, to which state her
parents moved in her early girlhood
days. After graduating from college
she became a. high school principal,
from which position she jras promoted
to City School Superintendent.'
In 1SS5 she married Mr. Leo Chap
man, who died a few months after the
marriage. She then removed to San
Francisco, where she engaged in Jour
nalistic work. In 1SSS she entered, the
lecture field. She -soon became deeply
ways Dcen accepieo. oy tne muaere.-
During the Spanish-American War the
uaugniers oi me American iwvuiuuuh
equIpped and Eent out a large number of
women Army nurses- The young women
crulted a corps Of women nurses, ana nas
intorctted in the woman suffrage ques
tion and resolved to devote all her
time and energy to tho enfranchise
ment of women.
In 1S90 she married Mr. George W.
Catt, of New York. Her husband- Is
In full sympathy with her work and
believes in the cause his wife advo
cates. In 1900. Mrs. Catt succeeded Susan B.
Anthony as president of' the associa
tion. On account ot ill health she re
signed tho presidency at the Washing
ton convention Jn 1904. .That, the na
tional board might "not be deprived oi
her aid she was made vlce-presldent-
at-large. .Mrs. (att Is to take a trip
aoroaa tor ner nea;tn ana win auena
the International Council of Women in
Berlin in June, and also- the ..Interna
tional Suffrage Convention, which
meets at the same place.
ISS LAURA CLAY, first auditor
of the association, is a na.tivo
of Kentucky. She is- a distant relative
ot Henry Clay and a daughter of Cas-
rslus Clay.
When the Kentucky Equal Rights
Association was formed in 18S8, Miss
Clay was made Its first president. This
association has succeeded in securing
great improvements in the laws con-
Susan B. Anthony, Mother of Woman Suffrage
IT is the spirit and determination o
Susan B. Anthony that has plven a
spirit and determination to the Na
tional Woman Suffrago Association.
Susan B. Anthony was born in a small
house in.fho village o.f Adams, Mass.,
86 years ago. When s"he was 12 years
,of age she worked in h'er.tfather's cot
ton factory. Here, perhapa, sne gained
'the idea that woman had a higher
sphere of usefulness than .she was rep
resented as having. "
After tho memorable convention of
1S48, called by Miss Anthony because
aheHad been denied permission to ad
drcss a temperance gathering, she be
gan to take an active part In the work
of woman suffrage. She was ridiculed.
reviled and insulted. At Rochester In
November, 1S72, ahe voted." She was
arrested and released on ball. She
was tried and sentenced to pay a fine
of $100 -and cos.ts. Thea she made a
little speech.
"May it please your honor," she said,
T will never pay a penny ot this un
just penalty. I have a right to vote
because I am taxed. To refuse me this
right is to make me submit to taxation
withqut representation, a thing- which
caused the war of the Revolution."
Miss Anthony never paid the fine,
and though efforts "were made to col
lect if, they all failed.
Enercy. perseverance, determination
these have characterized Susan B.
Anthony. Wherever the fight for equal
suffrage has heen waged there sh.e put
forth every effort to realize victory.
When the question was put tip to the
Kansas voters she took an active part
in the campaign, and she was carica
tured aa Kansas afterward caricatured
Carrie Nation. The entire life of Miss
Anthony has been given to the cause
of woman suffrage. It has- "been her
romance.. She has always persisted in
placed the corps In charge of one of the
most skillful hospital -'workers, either man
or-woman, -ever In" the service of the Gov
ernmentMrs. Ida Kinney.
Miss Clara Bartpn. was the first woman
whose name appeared on the Government
payroll, and who was assigned to a desk
in one of the great -departments at Wash
ington. This was In the "CDs, and at the
present time between CO00 and S0C0 women
and girls are holding Governhsent posi
tions and drawing large salaries for their
expert knowledge along certain lines.
There are women Inventors, women tcl-
NATIONAL OFFICERS.
Honorary pre;lctnt, Susan B. An
thony, of New York. . (
President, Rev. Anna H. Shaw, of
Philadelphia.
Vlee-PresIdent-aHjarge. Carrts Chap
vman Catt, of New York. -
Corresponding secretary, Kate il.
Gordon, of New Orleans.
Recording cecretary, Alice Stone
Blackwell,. of Boston.
Treasurer, Harriet Taylor Upton,
Warren, Ohio. .
. First auditor, Laura. Clay. Lexing
ton, Ky.
Second auditor. Dr. Cora. Smith
Eaton. Minneapolis.
National headquarters. Warren, O.
cerninff women, notably touching the
property rights of married women and
one requiring women physicians in in
sane asylums whero- "women aro
treated.
Miss Clay owns and manages a farm
in Madison County, a part of the tract
which her grandfather. General Green
Yeaerable CTeataz, Whe Kay. TWt
roriloiad.
meeting- men on, an equal footing". She
has always declared that her rights
were identical with those ot a roan.
Now. after half a century ot work.
Miss Anthony is rex-ognized as one of
the- greatest' reformers of the age. Her
cause has not been lost, She can feco
with her own eyes the Tffects of Its -success.
Women on every side of her are
engaged In commercial pursuits, a -branch
In which the? were unknown back in
'48. .when that first convention was
called. ,She has seen women architects,
ographcrs, women Journalists, women
architects, women wood carvers, women
clerks, women stenographers without
number. The Hon. Carroll D. Wright said
in a recent report that he found almost
100 subdivisions of labor In which women
were at tha present 'time engaged.
This, then. lr the outcome of that first
convention, called by Susan B. Anthony
away back there In 1S4S. this is the out
come after years of disappointment, after
years of persecution. It Is a success that
merits greater success, and in the conven
tion coming to Portland soon, the prime
Clay, took up- under tho land laws of
pioneer times.
Sho has been an auditor of the asso
ciation since 1S96.
THOUGH a young woman. Miss
Kate M. Gordon, corresponding
secretary of tho association, has gained
a national reputatloni through her
splendid work in behalf of better sew
erage and drainage in the city ot New
Orleans.
The- last Louisiana Constitutional
Convention gave tax-paying women
tho right to vote on all questions sub
mitted to taxpayers. At that time New
Orleans was almost tho only city in
the country without underground scw
cr3. In consequence it was often
scourged by epidemics, and often it
was the gate through which yellpw
fever entered the Souths
Soon after the tax.puylng women of
New Orleans were enfranchised they car
ried through a proposition to levy a spe
cial tax to provide the city with under
ground sewers. Improved drainage and a
better water supply. Every effort to se
cure this piece of legislation had failed
prior to the lime the women" were en
franchised. Miss Gordon was a leader In
tho fight.
A system ot proxies existed in New Or
; lawyers, physicians. She has seen
women go to the polls and cast votes, bne
knows that it was through her efforts and
the efforts of those associated with, ner
from the beginning that these things havo
come to - pass.
Susan B. Anthony mar "well be termed
the mother of woman suffrage.
If Miss Anthony's health will permit
and her physicians think there is. not too
much danger in the long Journey, she
will attend the convention in Portland in
June. It is feared. hpwever that she
will hot be able to make the trip. If she
does she will be honored during the days
of the convention as few women have
been honored. If she does" not there
will be a kind and encouraging message
from her to those who have gathered to
gether, id a loving answer sent in
reply.
Since the time when advanced age. de
manded she retire from active partici
pation la the work and resign as presi
dent ot the organization she had crc-
' atcd, she has been the honorary presi
dent. She was' given, thin position by: the
unanimous vote oi every memb-jr of the
association and organizations affiliated
with It.
A great deal qt interest has been shown
in the collection of books recently pre
sented to the Congressional .Library by
Miss" Anthony.. Miss Anthony made a
careful selection of several hundred vol
umes, which comprises not only those oft
the "woman" question but autograph cop
ies from -authors; and many old books now
out of print. These she ave tho library
and they have, been termed "The Susan
B." Anthony Collection." There are only
four other collections in tho library. de
signated by names, and this is. the only
xjTTe presented by a woman.' In the col
lection is- her grandmothers Bible. Jos
years old. and some quaint medical works.
Not the least Interesting are flies of. Gar
rison's abolitionist paper, the Liberator,
begun about 1S32, and of the Anti-Slavery
Standard, which numbered Wendell Phil
lips among its editors.
movers of the present day In this causo
will tell how it has been done, and what
the Indications and plans are for the fu
ture.. Miss Anthony, the last survivor ojf
the little band that met in 1S4S. will come
to Portland if her health permits, and
take part In the convention. It may be
the last one" at which her beloved face
will be seen. To her the gathering ot
representative women o.t the United
Statc3 will mean much it will mean the
glorious and successful culmination of a
life work undertaken In opposition to the
established customs of the entire world.
leans, and through this Miss Gordon cast
300 votes. It required a great amount of
labor to look up the women entitled to
vote and secure their 'proxies and cast
them in the proper election district, but
this Miss Gordon did. She is recognized
as among the most earnest of leaders in
the association.
MISS ALICE STONE BLACKWELL,
for years the recording secretary of
the Woman Suffrage. Association. Is the
daughter of Lucy Stone and Henry B.
Blackwell, known the world over for their
progressive Ideas and work in behalf ot
all kinds ot reforms that tend to make
tho world better, and especially In the
movementor woman suffrage.
Miss Blackwell Is looked upon as a veri
table encyclopedia of knowledge by her
co-workers. She says that the only ro
mantic Incident in her life happened be
fore she was old enough to remember.
Her mother refused to pay the taxes one
year, and let ner household goods be sold
to pay tho tax. One of tha things taken
was Miss Blackwoll's cradle, and her
mother "wroto u protest against taxation
wiutout representation with the child on
her knee.
In 1863 her parents moved to Boston and
started the Woman's Journal, which has
since been the official organ of the suf
fragists. M1S3 Blackwell was fitted for
college at Chauncy HalL She was an ex
tensive reader. She entered Boston Uni
versity at a time when there was but one
other girl in her class. At the close of
tho first year she waa elected class presl
dent. " The former Governor of Massa
chesctts, Governor Bates, several mem
bers of the Legislature of Massachusetts
and the editor of the most widely clrcu
lated paper in- Boston were among her
classmates.
Sho graduated with honors In 1881, went
to- work the same year helping her par
ents, edit the Woman's Journal, and has
been actively engaged in suffrage work
sjneo that time. She Is chairman ofT the
executive committee of the Massachusetts
and New England Woman's Suffrage As
sociation. She is also a member of the
New England Women's Press Associa
tion.
With Anna H. .Shaw and Lucy E. Ali
mony sne compiled "The Yellow Ribbon
Speaker." She Interested herself In the
Armenians, both before and since the
massacre, has helped tho refugees to find
work and has written and spoken a gfeat
deal In their behalf. Tho Armenians
throughout the world know -of her and
communicate with her from all corners
of the earth. Her home is full of pres
ents they have sent her. A saintly old
patriarch, living In a very ancient" monas
tery at the foot of Mount Ararat, recently
sent her a beautiful rosary of amber
beads with his special blessing. This
patriarch is the head of the Armenian
National church.
RS. HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON, of
Warren, O., has served as treas
urer for the National Woman Suffrage
Association for many years and" Is re
garded, by members ot the organization
as one of the most faithful workers.
She Is. alio president of the Ohio State
Suffrage Associations
Mrs.-'TJpton -fc a born huafness "woman,
energetic, zealous -tactful, and Is said
to possess a remarkable insight into
numan nature. She has' a wonderful ca
pacity for looking after details. She is
a member of the Board of Education of
Warren."
Before Mrs. Upton became -engrossed
in the suffrage work she 11& a great
deal of literary work, contributing to
several prominent magazines and news
papers. Her stories have appeared in
Harper's, St. Nicholas, Youth's Com
panion, and her articles have been
taken as authoritative whenever sne
ha written on serious subjects.
Hon. Ezra B. Taylor, her fatner, suc
ceeded Garfield in Congress, and Mrs.
Upton spent 13 seasons in the capital.
At Wellington, Susan B. Anthony al
ways consulted Mr. Taylor in matters
relating- to the law. and while Mrs: Up
son was a sre.it aainirer oi aiiss An
thony she did not approve of suffrage
work. Mrs. Upton employed her pen
ti gainst suffrage, and In searching" for
support in opposition to suffrage sne
found bq much In favor of it tnat sne
became converted to the cause.
Mrs Upton now has charge of the
vast amount of work connected with
the National suffrage headquarters,
which have been removed from New
York to Warren, O.
R. CORA SMITH EATON Is a gradu
' ate of Boston University School of
Medicine the same college which gave a
degree to Dr. Anna Shaw. She began
practice in Grand Forks, N. D. axrd'wss
president of the North Dakota. Equal
Suffrage Association during 1S94--35.
Her first suffrage work was done in
that state. before she studied medicine.
She assisted Henry B. Blackwell. of
FIFTY YEARS OF WOES.
First convention held In 1S4S.
Susan B. Anthony Issued call for
'first convention.
In five states equal suffrage" has
been submitted to voters.
Colorado defeated It In iSTT.'
-Colorado voters passed It In 1S93.
In "Washington, 18S9. tho adverse
majority was 19,386; In 1803 It
dropped to 0SS2.
In South Dakota In 1S3S suffrage
was defeated by only- 3285 votes.
In Oregon. In 1S84 there were 11.223
votes for and 28,176 against it.
In Oregon In 19Q0 there were 28.293
against and 26.233 for It.
Gains have been shown where the
question has been put to the voters
mora than once.
Boston, to get suffrage into the consti
tution when North Dakota became a
state in 1SS9. For the past seven years
she has been ih active practice in Min
neapolis, making a specialty of surgery
and of the X-ray treatment for cancer.
Her husband, Robert A. Eaton, is a
prominent attorney in Minneapolis.
Dr. Eaton wa3 chairman of the local
arrangements committee for the Min
neapolis convention of 1901. That year
Utifao was elected junior, auditor of the
declined re-election because ot her
large practice, but last Winter she was
again elected auditor. (During the cur
rent year her chief activity in suffrage
has been as chairman of the committee
which presented Mrs. Catt with a tes
timonial in the form of- a handsome
sealskin cape, the gift of many thou
sand members of the association.
We Work of Fifty
Years
What the National Woman
Suffrage Association Has
Accomplished.
N 1848 Susan B. Anthony Issued the call
for the first convention of what is now
known, as tho National Woman Suffrage
Association, with thousands -of members
and elegant headquarters at Warren, O.
At that first convention less than. 50 wero
in attendance. At the convention which
will open In Portland on June 20. there will
be hundreds ot delegates, farribus "women
will speak and hundreds, more will he
present to take an active part In the
work.
The sphere of woman has 'been broad
ened through the efforts of this associa
tion. The work of a little over half a cen
tury has- resulted in a complete reorgani
zation of the customs ot the people re
garding the status of woman. In the po
litical field the fight has-been, strongest
in late years, and here many victories
have been won, and Indications point to
many more in the near future.
Win In Five States.
In five states the movement has become
strong enough for the question to be re
ferred to the voters. In every" case the
result has been more favorable the sec
ond time than the first.
InColorado equal scuffrage was submit
ted to the voters in 1877 and defeated. It
was submitted again In 1833 and carried.
In Kansas, when submitted " the first
time, it received but 9100 votes. When
submitted the second time it received
95,302 votes.
In the state of Washington, in 1283, the
adverse majority was 19,386; in 1833 it
dropped to 9S82.
In South Dakota in 1ES0 woman suffrage
was defeated by a majority of 23,610, and
in 1S9S by a majority of only 32S5.
.In the State of- Oregon, the vote In 188f
stood 2S4"6 nays to 11,223 yeas. In 1900 it
was 28,298 nays to 2S;265 yeas.
Has Advanced in. Ten Years.
The cause of equal suffrage has made
more advance In the last ten years than
in the 50 years preceding.' During the
previous half-century, full suffrage for
women was gained In only ono. state, Wy
oming. Within the last ten years it-has
been obtained in three, Utah, Colorado
and Idaho. During this period full suf
frage has been granted in New Zealand
and Australia, bond suffrage in Iowa,
parish and' district suffrage in England,
library suffrage in Minnesota, municipal
suffrage in Norway, and school suffrage
in Ohio. Connecticut, Illinois and Delaware-
Twenty-four of the states have
granted school suffrage. France has" siv-
,en to women engaged n commerce the
ttgnt to vote tor juages in me tribunals
ot commerce. New "York has given ta
paying women throughout the towns and
villages, of tha state the right to vote on
questions of local taxation. Louisiana, has
given taxpayingwomen the "right to vote
on all questions submitted to taxpayers
Ireland has given women the right to
vote for all officers except members of
Parliament Eight hundred thousand
women in Federated Australia have been
granted National suffrage- In 1S03 full
suffrage was. granted to the women of
Tasmania:
This has developed from the first con
vention, called by Susan B. Anthony la
ISIS, when the number of women brave
enough to stand out for the new Idea, was
very small. Now thing have changed to
such an- extent that to oppose tho princi
ples or the association is lor a woman to
bring down upon Tier head sach terms as
lold-fashlohed" and 'back nusaber." O
X