Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (March 26, 1905)
45 PAGES PAGES !T0 12 VOL. XXIV IsQ. 13. POKTLAM), OKEGON, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 2G, 1905. PRICE FIVE CENT8. PEACE IS lEIfl Secret Agents Meet in Stockholm. CZAR HAS YIELDED AH Nations of Europe Urged Him On DIPLOMATS SAY NOTHING AH Those in Secret Profess Total Ignorance. - CRIME TO" BETRAY TRUTH -Preliminary Pourparlers Held In the Northern Capital, Believed to Be Stockholm One Great Obstacle Seen. PARIS, March 28.-0:30 A. M.)-Inqulry late last night tends to strongly confirm the statement In last evening's dispatch that approaches toward peace between Russia and Japan have already begun at .a private conference In a Northern Eu ropean capital. In view of the statement from St. Petersburg that, pourparlers were going- on In Paris, the Associated Press last .night called at the Russian Embassy and the Japanese Legation. Ambassador Xclidoff stated 'specifically that he knew nothing about such negotiations being In progress here and Minister Motono, while declining to discuss the general question of peace, -anthorited the statement that no pourparlers were occurring in Paris. At the foreign ' office It was also stated thai officials there were not aware of steps toward peace. The foregoing statements by Count Neli doff and Dr. Motono, while Indicating that negotiations are not proceeding here, do not alter the main statement that peace preliminaries are actually progressing elsewhere. The Teal explanation Is prob ably to be found in the Paris dispatch of last evening that a preliminary confer ence had already been held at a North ern capital. There are strong Indications that this capital is Stockholm, and that the negotiations will be conducted at Stockholm, if the preliminaries prove suc cessful. Copenhagen also Is mentioned, but it is understood that the point was raised against past or future conferences there that there is a large and Influential British element at that capital, whose sympathies might be hostile to Russia. The personage acting for Russia ia the preliminary stage of the negotiations is described as a "leading General." The personage acting for Japan is not dis closed, but he is believed to be one who has heretofore taken no prominent part la Japanese affairs. There Is reason to believe that St. Petersburg and Toklo are aware of the .results of the meeting and that simjlar Information is In the pos session of certain diplomatic circles In Paris. This simultaneous receipt of Iden tical Information In St. Petersburg and Paris probably accounts for St. Peters burg's view that the preliminaries actu ally occurred here. Concerning the final result of peace ef forts, they seem to hinge less upon the actual terms than upon Japanese willing ness to pause during the successful cul mination of her military campaign, as Japan is proceeding on the theory that, once in possession of Vladivostok, she can dictate her own terms. Including In demnity, which Russia thus farhas strongly resisted. HAD PRELIMINARY CONFERENCE Russia and Japan Learned Basis- Europe Brought United Pressure. PARIS, March 25. It is said In quar ters having means of information, that Russia's steps toward peace have already taken a tentative form at a private con ference held within recent days at one of the small capitals of Northern Eu rope. The purpose of this appears to have been to bring together personages representing both sides, neither having credentials to discuss formal terms of peace, but to learn, informally, what each side expects, and what tentative basis seemed possible. The nature of this ex change does not warrant Its being con sidered a definite peace movement, but It Is understood to have given each side an opportunity to Judge the view of the other, and it has clearly shown Russian disposition towards peace. There Is reason to believe that both St. Petersburg and Tokio know the results of this conversation, and that It is the basis of the renewed St. Petersburg re ports that peace is imminent. However, the discussion does not seem to have re sulted in much progress, as everything awaits Russia's willingness to adopt of ficial steps to secure peace. In this connection it is sald.that prac tically all Europe has lately urged Em peror Nicholas to make peace, the King of Portugal being the latest to make an appeal. This pressure from Europe, together with the military and financial reverses, appears to have influenced Em peror Nicholas to try some acceptable set tlement. Owing to the growing definlteness of the peace reports, officials and diplomats here are discussing how St. Petersburg and Toklo will be able to treat directly , while the usual channels of communica tion are severed. It is said this is likely to occur by a meeting in a neutral capital similar to the Informal meeting alreitdy held. Mention is made of Stockholm and Copenhagen as advantageous points. Such a method of direct communication Is now considered more likely than through the medium of the French Min ister at Toklo. It Is officially asserted that the latter has not yet been asked to act In any peace capacity. Discount on the Bourse today went up 2 per cent in anticipation of heavy demand .for' money in connection with the pro posed Russian loan. r EXTREME SECRECY IN LONDON Few Know of Negotiations, and They Will Not Tell. LONDON, March 25. Officials and dip lomats In London preserve a sphynxllke silence on the subject of peace prospects in the Far East. The Information con tained In the Associated Press dispatches from St. Petersburg today was conveyed to Baron Hayashl, the Japanese Minister to Great Britain. The Minister disclaimed all knowledge of negotiations, and re peated his former statements that Japan Intended to continue the -war until Rus sia expressed a desire to make terms of peace. While naturally It Is Impossible to ob tain any direct confirmation from official sources, the manner of reception of the Associated Press information by officials conveys the Impression that there Is cog nizance of tentative proceedings at least, and that much more Is known than will be admitted. In well-informed circles in London it has been known for some time that peace in the near future is not only possible, but probable. All movements leading up to the commencement of ac tual negotiations have been concealed un der such a successful show of Ignorance that even those In the closest confidence of the highest personages have been de ceived. A British official said to the As sociated Press today: "Even if I knew it were true that these negotiations were going on, I would con sider It little less than a crime to give out even a hint of their nature, so much hangs in the balance and so much might be lost by premature disclosures." NEUTRALS LEARNED TERMS. Czar Knew Them Before He Sum moned War Council. "WASHINGTON, March 25. When the dispatch from St, Petersburg regarding- peace was shown the diplomat to day on whose authority the Associated Press on March 13 announced from Washington that the Russian Emperor knew the general terms on which Ja pan would conclude peace, he said: "The source .of my original Informa tion on this subject was a high .one, but It Is gratifying to receive this con firmation. The European powers, nota bly France, have for some time buen endeavoring to find out on what terms Japan would accept peace. These have been ascertained in a general way, and have been communicated to St. Peters burg; When he called his War Coun cil on March 24 the Emperor knew these terms, and doubtless communi cated them to his Ministers. "The reason for Japan's apparent ret icence regarding the opening of peace negotiations is not. as far as I can learn, to a desire to continue the war, but that the Toklo Govern ment wishes to be certain that Russia is proceeding to peace negotiations In good faith, and Is not playing for time, as she did in the negotiations prior to the war." NEGOTIATIONS IN PROGRESS They, May Be Conducted Formally at Copenhagen. ST. PETERSBURG, March 25 (6 P. M.). The Information contained in Concluded on Second Page.) DR. JOHN WATSON (IAN MACLAREN), WHO HAS RE SIGNED HIS LIVERPOOL PULPIT Dr. John Watson, widely known under the pn name of "Ian Maclaren. who has. resigned the pastorship of Set ton Park Presbyterian Church at Liver pool. Ji famous as thr. author of "The Bonnie Brier Bush." "The 311 nd of the Master." "The Life of the Master and other notable works. He was born at Mannlngtree. England. November 3. 1S50. hut was taken to Scotland -while a child. After studying at Edinburgh University. New College and at Tubingen, he was licensed to preach by the Free Church of Scotland In 1S74. and for a time -was pastor at Logiealmond. Perthshire, which he has made famous as Dramtochtr. Then he occupied a Glasgow pulpit for three years, and in 1SS0 went to the Sefton Park Church. His sermons are remarkable for clearness, eloquence and force. ALL EARLY BIRDS Candidates for Presi dent Already Out NO SHORTAGE OF MATERIAL Fairbanks Has the Lead for Next Nomination, FORAKER AND SHAW IN LINE Republicans Have Long Roll of Able Men, Tried by Much Service, for Succession to Presi dent Roosevelt. OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU., Wash ington. March 25 Although three years will elapse before a delegate is elected to the next National convention, an ac tive campaign Is already In progress for the Republican nomination for President. Four years ago It was known that Presi dent McKlnley would not be a candidate for re-election at the end of his term and in a quiet way a campaign for the succession began at that time. Then, as now, the Vice-President was known to be a candidate for the next higher of fice. Then, as now, some members of the Cabinet, as well as a number of Sena tors, were possibilities, . if not actually and openly In the field for the nomina tion. The tragedy at Buffalo made Roosevelt President and gave him such an advantage over all other candidates that his selection was a foregone con clusion months before the convention was held. The cheers of the multitude which greeted Roosevelt when he took the oath of office March 4 had scarcely died away when the activity of the campaign for the succession began In earnest. At pres ent three men may be said to be pro ml nently in the field, and have the great ambition which fascinated Clay, Webster. Calhoun. Douglas. Blaine, Corikllng and Sherman, men whose""" mentaT'callber ana? distinguished careers entitled them to consideration. These three . are distin guished men also. Charle W. .Fairbanks has been Senator and Is Vice-President: Joseph B. Fo raker has been twice Gov ernor and is now Senator; Leslie M. Shaw has been twice Governor and is now Sec retary of the Treasury. If there were .none save these three, the Republican delegates would have good material from which to choose their candidate. But be sides these there is an array of states men in the party, and the list embraces those upon whom the nomination might fall In a bitter contest among other can didates. None but possibilities are includ ed in this list: Henry Cabot Lodge, Will iam H. Taft, John C. Spooner, Ellbu Root, Stephen B. Elklns, Robert M. La Follette, Afbert J. Beveridge, Joseph G. Cannon and Peter J. Grosscup. Fairbanks Now Has the Lead. Of the first three named, It Is generally believed that Vice-President Fairbanks at this time Is considered to be in the best position and in the lead for the nomina- tion. The myth that the Vice-Presidency places a man on the shelf has been ex ploded. In fact. Its absurdity exploded it, but, even if such were the case, the coun try knows that Senator Fairbanks sac rificed his place In the Senate In order that the Republican party might name a man of Presidential size for the second place. Speaker Cannon scorned the nomi nation, and many other statesmen avoid ed It. Locality and prominence made Fairbanks the most available man and he accepted the call of bis party. If he made a sacrifice, it will probably be re membered to his credit. Fairbanks con ducted a campaign which was. highly commended, and be made friends In every part of the country, who are now sup porting him for President. Fairbanks Is a native of Ohio and & resident of In diana. His locality is the best, though. in these times Indiana Is not classed as a doubtful state. Behind Fairbanks at the present time are the McKlnley and Hanna friendships and party alliances of 1S96 and 1S00. Of course they are not as strong as they were in the days gone by, yet they are such as to hold men who are subject to sentimental control. Toraker and Shaw. Senator Foraker is an aggressive man and has a. strong personality. For years he has been a prominent figure in Ohio politics. Despite the fact that he has not been In harmony with the Sherman-Mc-Kinley-Hanna faction of his party, be ban been twice elected Governor and twice United States Senator. At the same time he has been loyal to Ohio and Ohio's candidate, and twice he placed McKlnley in nomination before 'Republican National conventions. Foraker Is a soldier of the Civil War, and has always been a warm friend of the men who wore the blue. He is one of the best debaters In the Senate, and any man who engages in forensic battles with him must be well equipped or be badly worsted. Secretary Shaw may be the man who can remove the handicap placed upon the Iowa man. For years, when Senator Al lison was In the list of those who might have been nominated, he was thrust aside because It "was not necessary to nominate a man from a rock-ribbed Re publican state. Candidates were sought In the doubtful states of Indiana, Ohio and New York. Shaw came to the treas ury after four years In the Governor's chair, yet the ribald Easterners hailed him as a "rube." They scoffed at this (Concluded on Second Pare.) CONTENTS OF TODAY'S PAPER The Weather. TODATS Showers: southerly winds. TESTE RD A,T S Maximum temperature. 52 deg.; minimum. 48. Precipitation, 0.78 Inch. The War la the Far East. Peace negotiations already begun with great secrecy. Page 1. Formal peace conferences likely o be. held, In fltockholnu Ea'gs Uj. - . ' . , Hostilities iruspended in Manchuria, while arroim reorganize. Fag 3. Russian fleet leaves tor unknown destina tion. Tase 11. Yoreis. Thousands of locked-out workmen in St. Petersburg threaten outbreak. Page 1L American financiers saved Rourier govern ment from defeat. Page 3. French Minister praises American rule in Philippines. Page 5. National. Hltchock declares policy regarding Roseburg land office. Page 3. Contracts for atone for Columbia Jetty. Page 3. Arrangements for Congressional trip to Phil ippines. Page 5. Great irrigation projects adopted in Idaho and Montana. Page 3. Mexican Ambassador will have state funeral. Page 5. Eanto Domingo asks for American receiver to stand cS foreign claimants. Page 2. rolltlcs. Many able men already working for next Republican nomination for President. Page 1. Domestic. Government secures much evidence that-beef trust has vioiatea injunction, .rage i. Tess of the d'UrbervlHes" in real life at Chicago. Page 1. President Roosevelt addresses xnedfcal grad nates. Page 2. .Crime rampant In Chicago through police collusion Page 3. Rockefeller hints he may give Chicago Ual verslty $30,000,000. Page 2. Sport. Portland team ready for opening of base ball season. Page 17. Hart-Johnson mill promises to he fast fight. Page 17. Hunt Club plans Spring programme. Page 16. Rowing Club coach arrives today. Page 18. College oarsmen will come north. Page 16. Kennel Club announces prize list. Page 16. Padfle Coast. Mrs. Cooper too hysterical to testify on mur der of husband at Drain. Page 3. American board officer at Seattle declares Rockefeller's gift to missions is already spent. Page 4. Convict Bell, famous forger, captured In bam near prison from which he escaped. Page 4. Grand jury Investigations in San Francisco sow involve Mayor Schmitz. Page 4. Portlaad and Vicinity. Making an Exposition has proved a grand undertaking. Pages 26-Z7. Japanese arrested for murderous assault un successfully attempts to use Jiu-jitsu on handcuffs. Page 24. E. A. Kimball, of Chicago, will lecture on Christian Science. Page 10. Woman hurls burning lamp at another. eaus ing explosion and fire, and fatally burn ing victim. Page 8. Many in race for Police Judge and City Attorney. Page 8. Court rebukes Chief of Police. Page 24. Masher Is fined.' iPage 14. Letter-Carriers may get a rate for conven tion. Page 14. Executor of estate must make good tor had loans. Page 10. When Heney comes Federal grand Jury will take up its wortc Page 8. Beef trust makes big percentage on consum ers of Portland. Page 13. Many are after the fat Jobs in the Rose burg land office. Page S. Chief of Police Hunt will be exonerated as result ox investigation. Page 13. Longshoreman who .feared he was going in sane commits suiciae. .rage 7. Mr. Woodcock promises to make things hum in Clerk Field's office tomorrow.' Page 13. Nineteenth Infantry will den art for Manila at noon tomorrow.. Page 11. War against sin will be vigorously con ducted by evangelist today. Page 8. Executive Board ordered certificate of de posit returned to Everett. Page. 9. Commercial aa Xrie. Light trading In local hop market. P> 22. Bull campaign in May wheat resumed. Page 23. Tendency to depression in stock market. Page 23. New Tork bank states-lent -store favorable than expected. Page 23. . Santa Clara prunepackers organize. Page 24. Crew of C. A. KIoeemay have bees rescsed by Jiaxslng Tressl. .Page 3, German ship HenrletUjba rtrrtd Xp'r las lier Jnadlrifc Page J. - -- -, . - TESS IS FOUND Tragedy of Fiction in Fteal Life. GIRL-WIFE'S SAD TALE Innocence and Loye" Combine for Her Undoing. CONFESSES TO HER HUSBAND With Simple Eloquence, She TeHs of Temptation and Fall and RIeads With Husband for a Divorce. CHICAGO, March 25. (Special.) A .modern Tesa of the D'UrbervllIes, a young girl placed In an environment, that caused 'her to sin. is revealed in a court document Introduced by John H. Crokln in his suit for divorce today before Judgo Healy. . The document referred to was a letter he said his wife wrote him. Ho was granted a decree. Like her of the English romance, this young girl, more sinned against than sinning, told all in a letter to her hus band, holding naught in reserve, and he used the letter as his principal evidence in the suit for divorce. An amazing story this letter tells, lay ing bare the tragedy of a child-wife's ruined hopes, of the tempter and of the anguish of remorse. Mrs. Edna Crokln. the wife, is now living In poverty in Kalamazoo, Mich. John H. Crokln, the husband, lives In Chicago. Crokln was a prosperous man of the world In 1SS3. when he married the woman now sepa rated from him. Sho was then 13 years old. a mere child, still more the com panion of her dolls than one prepared to preside over a home. Here Is her story In part, told in the letter read amid breathless silence to the court, and everybody In court wept as th'e'soul of the' child was laid bare; "Please Get a Divorce." "Please get a divorce from me, please do, Harry. I would not ask It, but I am In terrible trouble. I have been so wicked I can never expect to speak to you again. Take this letter as proof against me. When I went to Xanslng, Mich., in February, 1S39, and you etopped writing to me, I met a young man. I thought I loved him. Harry. Ho did love me and asked me to be bis wife. Tbu know how Innocent and good I then was. I knew nothing of the world. Tou also know how little I understood work or the value of money. I had a situation as companion to an elderly lady, whom loved very dearly, but I- worked so HORACE G. BURT, WHO PROBABLY WILL BE THE PANAMA CANAL $100,000 MAN Horace Greeley Burt, who, it Is reported, will be . selected by President Roosevelt to take charge of the construction of the Panama Canal at a salary of $100,000 a year, is generally regarded as one of the most able railroad men In the country. He .was for Are years president of the Union Pacific, and resigned that position about a year ago, when he made a trip around the world and was a passejiger on the steamer Korea when she was seized by the Jap anese at Nagasaki at the outbreak of the war. Mr. Burt was born In Terre Haute. Ind.. In January. 1819. and was educated at the University of Michigan. He spent several years with the JCorth western Railroad as division superintend ent, chief engineer and third vice-president, and later was for a. short time general manager of the Chicago. St. Paul. Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad Com hard. Mamma did not write to me. She was traveling in Europe with papa and Lewis. I was alone In the world, as I had no friends in Lansing and knew no one. "I was young, and the Summer I was In Lansing everyone said I was so pretty. The young man I met was also very good looking. Looks was all I thought of then. Lover' Comes, Then a Child. , "Well, he loved me. His love was good and pure. I did not tell him I was a wife. I could not. It was so nice to have him call me pretty and pay me compliments. He got tired of having me say I would be his wife some day. He said he would go away, unless I married him In two months. Then came the death of my employer's husband, and "her son made love to me. The struggle ended In my surrender to my love. "Happiness came to me then. I loved the young man passionately, and for a year he .was good to me. Then he be came a drunkard. He beat, neglected and starved me. A beautiful child with large blue eyes and golden hair came. I hold him in my arms as 1 write to you. But I hated the child's father after that and I went to . work. The best I could do was to work In .a hotel dining-room. Then baby fell 111 and I lost my position. Family Turns From, Her. "The time came when I had only EO cents. I wrote home to Mamma, asking If I could come home, and she would not answer. Sister Myrtle was married and had a beautiful home, but would not help me. And then, came the young man again, and he has been good to me. "We have been happy together again. "Oh, Harry, for my child's sake, get a divorce from me. I know you do not love me. Tou must detest me. But think how young I was. I am working now. My board and baby's is my pay. I have not even a suit of underwear. So you can see If I have slnad, I have suffered. Forgive mo for my treatment of you If you can. Tou are worthy of a good, pure wife, such as I was when I first met you. "Kow that you know my sin, I hope, O, I hope so much, you will forgive me and always think of me as when you first saw me." "Any children born of this marriage?" asked Judge Healy, In a choking voice. "None, Tour Honor," responded Cro- Ikln, who said he had lived in Chicago lo years- Mrs. Lorctta Fowler testified to know ing Crokln has '. een living alone .during several years past. Judge Healy gave tne man a decree. STORK CAUSES P0TJE DEATHS Oklahoma Scene of Devastation by Furious Wind. GUTHRIE. O. T.. March 25. Violent storm's- throughout the territory today have resulted In four deaths and numer ous injuries to others. The dead: JOHN TH6i3 and SAMUEL RICHMAN, CHARLES R. SCHOONOVEI, killed by ORVILLE PEMBER.TON, drowned near Kaita City. Injured Charles Bronson, critically; Mrs. Charles Bronson, Matilda Hickman, ftererelv. The Broneon home, near Syra, was de molished. Chemical Works Go In Smoke. BOMB, Gel. March 25. The plant and stock of the Virginia & Carolina Chemical Company at -East Rome, was entirely de stroyed by fire tonight. Loss IzoO.OOO. COURT IS HERE Beef Trust Has Ignored Injunction. PLENTY OF EVIDENCE Many Witnesses Among Chi cago Retail Dealers. WILL PROSECUTE BIG FIVE Employes of Trust Have Winked at Warnings and Continued Illegal Combination Many East- . ern Witnesses . CHICAGO, March 2S. (Special.) East ern representatives of Chicago packing Arms and allied Industries are due to ar rive In the city Monday In response to aubpenas commanding them to appear be fore the Federal grand jury which Is in vestigating the alleged violations of the, interstate commerce law and the Sherman anti-trust law by the packers. Some of the Eastern contingent reached the city , today and reported to United States Mar- ' shal Ames. The majority of them are salesmen and branch house managers. Before the Eastern men are- called to the witness-stand it Is understood that District Attorney Morrison will call a number of local wholesale and retail deal- era in meats before the jury and endeavor to obtain from them the facts- concern ing the alleged combination in restraint of trade In Chicago. The Government ex perts, who spent nearly eight months looking into the books of the packing firms at the stockyards, have compiled & mass of figures which are considered, evi dence that there have been repeated viola tions of the Grosscup Injunction. A Federal official who has been here ever since the grand, jury convened dropped the significant remark today that it wan unnecessary for the purpose t ah investigation' to- go outside of Chicago for witnesses. . Injunction Has Been Disobeyed. "If the Government simply wishes to Indict the packers," he said, ''it can get all the evidence it' wants right here in town. I have seen statements coming from representatives of the packing firms that they had nothing to fear, because they had warned all of their employes to observe the Grosscup Injunction. But' It will be shown that the employes have winked at the warnings and that the, in junction has been disregarded by neirly all of the packers. I believe I am right' in surmising that the object of the Govern ment In subpenaing so many witnesses Is to gather evidence to be used In the actual prosecution. It is not going to be a whitewash proceeding." It was announced by one. of Marshal Ames assistants today that no more wit nesses would be subpenaed in Chicago un less developments should, arise making- It necessary. The statement came after two additional Chicago witnesses had been summoned to appear. One was H. M. Tanner, a member of the firm of McCaus land, Hoag & Tanner, commission mer chants at he stockyards. The other was I M. Byles, advertising manager for Morris & Co., a former newspaper man. They are to appear before the grand jury early next week. Witnesses Chafe at Delay. The slow Degress being made by the grand Jury In the examination Is causing much inconvenience to the witnesses, . and Is almost certain to create more next week. The District Attorney planned to dispose of ten or fifteen witnesses each day when the subpenas were made out, but has been unable to examine mof e than six a day. As a consequence the out-of-town witnesses have accumulated and it is estimated that at least 30 are now In the city, chafing under the delay and ex pense Imposed on them by the. slow-going methods of the Government. Among the out-of-town witnesses who are' hoping they will be called to testify Monday are B. Beedatz, manager for Ar mour & Co. at Omaha; Edward Welch, of the Hammond Packing Company at Omaha; Fred Shorley, department man ager for Swift & Ccr. at Omaha; "William Calian, of the Cudahy Packing Company, Omaha, and J. L. Dormally, a wholesale meat dealer In Boston. CUBA LOVES ttt-r. GEEAT FREEED Outburst of Enthusiasm Marks De parture of American Squadron HAVANA. March 23. The friendly demonstration between Cuba and the United States, ending with the departure of the American squadron today, Is every where favorably commented upon. Every where there are expressions of satisfac tion and pleasure over the uniform hearti ness in the entertainment of the repre sentatives of the United States and tha evident sincerity of American friendship for Cuba. The government newspaper'or gans are particularly enthusiastic regard ing the generosity of the United. States toward Cuba. Minister Squlers today thanked Mayor Ofaslll and the municipal ity of Havana for their entertainment of the American squadron ' The American squadron deiarfed today, amid mingled, crasnes of patriotic music from the bands jot' the warships, the band of the Olympia. playing the Cuban na tional hymn "and those of the other Amer ican warships playing "The Star Spangled'Banner." World's Electric- Conference Is Off. .WASHINGTON", March 251 The Gensin government has Indefinitely postponed the International World's Electrical, Confer ence, which was to " have been held, la Berlin next month. ' ', 1