THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, MARCH 19, 1905.
35
Jem. He didn't feel pleasant. His eye
chanced to light on the head o his im
migration department, and the relief of
-a. momentary diversion was too tempting
to resist.
"What are you doing now?" he demand
ed. "Oh," came the reply, "we are getting
as many people into Montana, and be
yond as we can."
"Getting them Into Montana? Why don't
you et them into Minnesota? Tou must
get them into Minnesota."
"Yes, Mr. Hill, but"
"I Bay, get them Into Minnesota. Oh.
you immigration fellows are all nine
spots! Nine spots! Tou are 9's with the
tails cut off! You are zero! Zero!"
Then he "returned to the poser in hand
with a, clarified mind.
Ono trouble about these outbreaks,
though, they say In St. Paul, is that you
never can tell when they are serious and
when they are not. Sometimes they mean
loss of place to the victim, and this comes
often enough to keep the entire force of
the road on. the qui vive almost continu
ally. You have probably read of his
knowledge of detail, that he can tell how
much coal any engine hauling a certain
tonnage should use per mile: that he
knows to a pint how much oil is needed
to lubricate axles, and how many pounds
of cotton waste should be used, also that
he understands what allowance should be
made for head winds and all sorts of bad
weather. Well, all these things are so.
It Is almost true, as some have Jokingly
said, that he knows every individual tie
on the Great 'Northern, and how long it
will last, though he isn't as -fond of turn
ing up unexpectedly anywhere and every
where on the line. Just in time to discover
some infraction of his rules, as he was
when younger.
Fondness for Old Friends a
Well-Known Trait
BUT HIS severity and occasional ad
verse snap Judgments against his
men are somewhat offset by his attach
ments to his old-time friends.
Thus, they tell of an afternoon when his
office in the Great Northern building was
more crowded with visitors than usual
even. Solid business men of St. Paul and
Minneapolis, two or threo big Eastern
chaps, men from important towns on the
line, contractors and others, were waft
ing to see the Great Northern's president.
Every seat was occupied, there was stand
ing room only. But Mr. Hill was engaged,
and no one could see him. This lasted an.
hour, an hour and a half, two hours.
The crowd grew. Some of the callers
who were busy men began to talk of go
ing away without seeing Hill, but no one
did. Possibly some remained out of curi
osity. Certainly all were piqued, and
there "were many speculations as to the
Identity of the man who was closeted
with him. What momentous affair, in
volving millions of dollars, perhaps, was
being discussed in that prlx'ate office, and
by whom?
At last the conference was over, the
door oDened and out came a gray-bearded
old man in the rough garb of the north
country. The visitor was William Wilson.
with whom Hill became acquainted in the
old days of ateamboating on the Bed
Biver, and whom he had not seen for 30
vears. The president of the Great xsorth
ern Ballroad Company,, who was referred
to in a debate in the United States Sen
ate as the "greatest transportation mind
in the country," had dropped all business
and made others wait for two hours while
he talked over old times with an ancient
friend.
Here is another story of Hill's devotion
to his old friends which may have i
bearing on his attitude In. "practical pol
ltics," for as all Mlnnesotans know, he
la as practical in politics as ne is m
railroading.
This- particular old friend had served
many terms as corporation counsel, so
many in fact that ho was referred to one
day in a local paper's leading editorial
as " , for the last hundred and
fifty years corporation counsel of St.
Paul," etc. In one of his campaigns lor
re-election -this good souUdlscovered that
the small army of employes in the Great
Northern ohops was "bucking" him. He
really needed these men. or thought he
did, and went to his old friend "Jim"
Hill with a roar.
"Never send your boy to mill when you
can go yourself!" exclaimed the railroad
aphorist after listening to hl3 old friend's
story.
And forthwith he "hitched up" and
drove to the shops and hinted at the
probability of a new official appointment
or two if certain things didn't stop.
Hill expects his men to be ;up on detail,
and when they're not there's trouble
ahead for them. But when they are
Once he said to a clerk:
"Somers, what is the rate on smoke
stacks to Helena?"
Somers gave the figure instantly, and
from that time rose step by step to
various high places, including that of gen
eral freight agent.
Hill doesn't select as many for promo
tion as formerly from the mechanical
ranks, for the reason, as he once told
the writer for publication, that the work
men, being affiliated always with some la
bor union, are no longer as faithful to the
company's Interests as they once were.
After arriving at that conclusion he be
gan selecting bright clerks and stenogra
phers, though never setting anyone ahead
who does not understand practical rail
roading. In order to observe closely who
ever he had in mind for promotion, he
used to take the youngster out with him
on a tour of Inspection. One day he took
a chap named Ward along. On these
tours Hill often tts for hours at a rear
window of the rear car of the train and
"watches the right of way." and he hoped
that Ward, for whom he had "hopes,
would do the same.
But Ward, after taking some dictation
from his employer, pulled out a book. In
which he buried himself, never once look
ing out on the right of way. This an
noyed the railroad president, who sent
the boy on an errand to another car
while he examined the book, expecting
to find it the current "best seller." In
stead, however, the book was a work on
mathematics Integral calculus, maybe
and HHl Teserved his decision. "Ward is
now general manager of the Great North
era Hill Has Still a Most Per
suasive Tongue
I AMES j. HILL'S "soft, smooth flow
x3 of langauge" Is Just as persuasive
today as it was in the years when, one
by one, he was convincing the men he
needed to help him that his' scheme
for another railroad from the great
lakes to the sunset sea was good.
For many years Major A. W. Ed
wards, now United States Consul-General
at Montreal, published and edited
papers at Fargo, N. D., and was one of
the solldest citizens of that "flicker
tall" town. He weighed 240 pounds.
One day he appeared at the Great
Northern general offices in St. Paul
with a delegation of Fargoites at his
bark. They had a grievance. They
thought the road wasn't doing all It
should for Fargt). 'They'd have it out
with Jim Hill, even If they swung for
it. Some of them had never seen him.
and were dumfounded when they en
countered an amiable, courteous gen
tleman instead of tho ogre their preju
diced fancy had generated. Hill passed
cigurs and was almost pathetic In the
assurances of the heavenly delight
which surged through his soul because
of this chance to make the acquaint
ance of the North Dakotans.
Then Hill began to talk. He dls
rusped the greatness of the Northwest,
present and prospective, and especial
ly of Fargo. Finally he turned loose
on his hobby of Chinese trade devel
opment. When he does that he Is
Irresistible. An hour passed. Then
James J. Hill and Edward H. Harriman. newest of the railroad
kings, have been vitally interesting figures before tho whole country
ever since their contest for the control of trans-Continental lines be
Kan in 1900. Neither was well known to the general public in 1S30.
Briefly, the facts leading, to their presnt hostllo relations may be'
outlined as follows:
The Northern Pacific, built with the aid of heavy Government
land .grants, was not profitable, having been twice in the hands of the
courts. Hill and his friends got control of a majority of its stock and
it and Hill's Great Northern were operated harmoniously for a time,
though not consolidated, as this would be contrary to state laws.
In pursuance of his widely-reaching policy. Hill then tried to get
control of some road that would feed the Great Northern and connect
it with Chicago. He failed with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul,
holdings of whose stock were highly concentrated. Then he went to
Boston and. buying In the open market, succeeded In securing a ma
jority of the stock of the Chicago. Burlington & Qulncy.
Harriman and Hill had not before been in opposition, the Union
and Southern Pacific roads, which Harriman controlled, not travers
ing the same territory as either Hill's Great Northern r the Northern
Pacific, and so not competing with them. But the Chicago, Burling
ton & Quiacy traversed much or the same territory as the Union Pa
cific: in fact, the two roads were practically parallel lines.
Harriman was Jealous of the Hill control, and so .began to buy
Northern Pacific in the open market, hoping, by getting control of that
road, to force terms with the Hill Interests. Hill learned of this move
ment in time to frustrate it partially, and he, too. bought extensively
in the open market. Shares of stock went up to 1,000. The excite
ment was Intense and there was danger of a 'panic that might break
everything loose.
J. P. Morgan, friendly to Hill but then in London, heard of the
trouble and intervened by cable. Both sides agreed to stop buying.
The panic was averted. When, everything had settled down one party,
held a. majority of the common stock while the other held a majority
of the preferred. Neither had real control.
, To afford a working scheme for the operation of the North-era Pa
cific, the C B. & Q. and the Great Northern Roads, the Northern Se-
curlties Company, a holding, not an operating organization, was'
formed under a New Jersey charter drawn tip by William P. Clough,
a Minnesota lawyer. Harriman and his friends did not believe It
would stand the scrutiny of the courts, but thoy were virtually
obliged to accept it.
It didn't stand that scrutiny. The Supreme Court of the United
States decided, not that it was unconstitutional, but that it- was
against the Sherman anti-trust law, and ordered it to be dissolved
and the stock of all these roads returned pro rata to the original
holders.
Hill's plan for returning the stock was different from Harrlman's.
Hill proposed so to redistribute the stock that he and his friends
would retain control of the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific
Harriman and his friends protested, asking that they receive back the
identical shares which they surrendered on the formation of the
Northern Securities. They would then'have a voice in the manage
ment of tho original Hill roads, and they brought suit in the United
States District Court. It decided In favor of the Harriman conten
tion. The Hill party appealed to the Circuit Court of Appeals. It
reversed the Judgment of tho lower court, and ordered that the Hill
plan of distribution should be followed out. The Harriman party ap
pealed to the Supreme Court, which recently upheld the Hill plan.
two hours. His listeners were more
than spellbound. They were hypno
tized. Then he looked at his watch.
"Very sorry, gentlemen, but I have an
Important engagement for 1 o'clock,
and it's that now. Never come to St.
Paul without looking in on me. Good
day!" There were handshakes all
around and the North DakotanB filed
out, every one of them prepared to
"swear by Jim H1U" from that time
in, and not a man of them having
ven whispered of the grievance that
ad impelled him to travel cleat across
be state of Minnesota.
James J. H1U has not yet begun to
build libraries, or endow universities,
or give away millions at wholesale.
He did endow a big Catholic school
some yeard ago in honor of his wife's
faith, and he gave with equal liberality
at the same time to certain Protestant
schools, and has never hesitated wnen
he thought it wise to help the towns
The 'Personality of the Man Who Controls the
Southern and the Union Pacific
THOUGH known to the general public J
fewer years than any of the other J
railroad kings, Edward H. Harriman I
Is quite worthy to be classed along with j
the best of them on the score of ability,
and there Is no doubt that the "Wizard
of the Northwest" . considers him a foe
man not to be despised.
Harriman Is as truly a self-made man
as Hill, but, the life history of the two
men is curiously unlike. Harriman Is
a minister's son, was born in New Jersey,
and lived in that state during all his
youthful years. He did not go to col
lege, but to Wall Street, both for educa
tion and to seek his fortune. He began J
on low wages, and lived on them, too, for
his father had little money.
The Oliver Harrlmaas were of his kin
and so were two or three other families
of wealth. When he began to show abil
ity they began to take notice of him,
but no one put any capital at his disposal
till he had shown tho ability to use It
properly. His first post In Wall Street, a
little more than 30 years ago. was that
of clerk In a broker's office. From it he
graduated into a brokerage business. In
which he owned an Interest, the firm
name first being Lowe, Harriman & Co.,
his brother William Harriman being one
of the partners. In ten years, having
attracted the attention of Stuyvesont Fish,
the Illinois Central Railroad man. E. H.
left the brokerage business to become
a railroad man. on the financial side.
From that time till the present his path
has been on the up grade and the railroad
systems commonly known as "the Harri
man group" now aggregate more than 20,
000 in mileage. They are the Illinois Cen
tral, the Union Pacific, Oregon Railroad
and Navigation Company, Oregon Short
Line, Chicago & Alton, Southern Pacific,
Kansas City Southern and Chicago Ter
minal. They cover 5000 more miles than
the Gould roads, 6000 or 7000 more than
the Vanderbllt lines proper, within 6000
miles as much as the Vanderbllt and al
lied lines, and almost double the mileage
of Hill's Great Northern .system.
Harriman bears no such relation to this
great mileage, however, as Hill does to
the Great Northern. Gould to the Mis
souri Pacific and Wabash or W. K. Van
derbllt to the New York Central and al
lied lines. Harriman, though now a multi
millionaire, does not hold & majority of
the stock, "possibly, in any of these lines.
He is the actual head of tho Union and
Southern Pacific lines, and, by sheer
force of Intellect and executive power, has
been accepted as tho unifying force that
has gradually brought these two and tho
other lines mentioned Into working har
mony. Ho Is very closely allied with the
Goulds, the Vanderbllts, the Rockefellers,
Jacob S chl!t and James StUlman. of the
famous City National Bank. Through
Kuhn. Loeb & Co. he Is affiliated with
the Deutscher Bank of Berlin, and what
ever his personal wealth may be. he has.
and. for some years, practically has had,
unlimited capital with which to push his
schemes. All tho financial magnates Just
mentioned recognize him as a reorgan
lzer of little, or no less, ability than that
of J. P. Morgan himself, and by reason
of hi comparative youth he Is not much
beyond 50. being ten or 15 years younger
than Morgan and 16 or 17 younger than
Hill he possesses one commanding ad
vantage over Morgin and. Indeed, nearly
all, the other rallrosld magnates of today.
Of them all only1 -George J. Gould la
along the road with their public Im
provements. He once gave $200,000 to
Yale at a time when President Had-
ley was sorely presed for money to
carry on the university's development.
How James J. Hill Works.
His Amusements Few
MR. HILLi doesn't reach the Great
Northern office very early in the
morning, but he stays late. He is apt
to be the last one to leave the great
square building in the evening. He
often walks to his home, about two
miles away, when at the sunset hour
he may be seen tolling up steep Selby
hill, alongside the street railway tracks
a Journey calculated to tire and
"wind" almost any man a. full genera'
tlon under 65.
Mr. Hill has few diversions beyond
younger than Harriman. and he Is- of the
second generation in his dynasty, not tho
founder of a line, as Harriman Is.
When Harriman's Fortune
Seemed Likely to Vanish
YET more than once, during his earlier
years of upbuilding, E. H. Harrl
man's future has hung in the balance.
It was less than a baker's dozen of years
ago that his career seemed to him about
to be closed by the sheerest hard luck,
or at least by circumstances for which he
was in no wise to blame, and toward
which he had in no wise contributed. This
was la the Summer of 1S93. during the
currency famine of that year, memor
able to many besides Mr. Harriman.
For weeks money had been getting
tighter and tighter, especially In New
York. Men who were solvent, many times
over, were at their wit's end to know
how to get cash enough to make their
petty current payments. Even the wealth
iest employers of labor had difficulty la
finding enough currency to pay wages
with; many of them paying partly In
checks and some of them altogether. The
smaller employers were even worse off;
their bank accounts being smaller, they
were able to get almost no cash at all.
Their employes, by the thousands,
were left without enough money to pay
for their lunches from day to day, and
the restaurant keepers had either to
trust them, or in some way provide them
selves with enough currency to. cash their
customers' wage checks.
At this acute stage the bankers in the
Clearing-House Association decided that
something must be done, and they asked
tho president of that organization, the
late Frederick D. Tappan. of the Second
National Bank, to call a meeting for that
purpose. He was living at his country
place in Connecticut for the Summer, but
he came to New York in response to their
call, and notified tho bankers to meet him
at his city house. It was closed for the
season, with an aged caretaker In charge.
In order that the newspaper should
learn nothing of the meeting that would
lead to premature publication of what was
going on. the shutters of the Tappan
house were not taken down from the
windows, and the bankers went to the
house, singly, in a way that would not
attract attention. The meeting was large
ly attended, and very earnest, since every
ono present fully appreciated the gravity
of (the situation. All day long "they dis
cussed, ways and means of terminating
the currency shortage, and gradually the
plan to Issue clearing-house certificates
which every banker present agreed to
recognize as the equivalent of cash, was
evolved. Late In the afternoon, after the
meeting had broken up. the bankers left
the house singly, as they had come, and
every one felt confident that the morrow
would bring relief.
Afterward, in describing that day, Mr.
Tappan often spoke of it as one of the
most depressing in all his experience. It
opened with a violent thunder storm,
which lasted for many hours. In the
train on the way to New York, he was
impressed by the coincidence that the war
of the elements came Just when the finan
cial sky was most stormy. The rushing,
torrential rain, the crashing of the thun
der and the flashing of the lightning, add
ed an element of welrdness to a situation
already extraordinary.
It was dark soon after the bankers had
left the house. Mr. Tappan was hungry.
No living soul, so far as be was aware,
save those who had been at the meeting,
knew that he was In town; to -go to any
hotel or restaurant would Invite discov
ery, and so he foraged about the bouse
for food.. The caretaker had gone out
and he found little but canned' -things,
his enjoyment of his home and his
books and pictures. He doesn't play
golf. He doesn't ride to hounds,
though he Is a good horseman, and
used to ride a good deal following the
route of the Great Northern while it
was being built. He doesn't drive fast
horses. But he does fish, and he Is
fond of yachting. His steam yacht
"Wacouta" Is one of the finest on the
Atlantic Coast, and every year, of late,
he makes a cruise aboard her up the
Labrador coast with a congenial party
At some sheltered spot he casts an
chor and all hands go ashore for a
good fish in the turbulent, prolific Ice
cold streams of that desolate region.
He doesn't hesitate, as the manner
of some railroad magnates is. to get
away from the ' telegraph. When he's
out for fun he likes to go so far
afield that business cannot possibly
reach htm. He Is a fine angler and
often catches the biggest salmon taken
by anyone in the party.
The first time be made the Labrador
trip, some of the New York papers
surmised that he had gone to lay out
a short rail line to the Atlantic as an
outlet for the Great Northern. When
Hill heard about that he laughed. Lab
rador is the bleakest territory in the
world this side of Greenland. It is
sterile, sheathed in snow and ice the
greater part of the year; and Its vege
tation is sparse and stunted. No rail
road could be kept open there In the
Winter time, and the land Is not like
that of the Northwest. Nothing less
than a climatic revolution could enable
Labrador to support a population that
would furnish tho "local traffic" es
sential to a profitable railroad.
Hill's reading Is wide and deep. He
is fond of Shakespeare and all the
English classics. Ho reads Chaucer
for amusement. He is fond of pic
tures, and his Judgment of them is as
correct as his Judgment of gems. He
never tells, nor will he listen to an
off-color story. He is said to pay his
fare always when riding over a rail
road he doesn't own.
It was when Hill bought Into the
Northern Pacific that Daniel S. La
mont was made a vice-president of tho
corporation. As Secretary of War, La
mont had settled satisfactorily to all
concerned, many of the disputes be
tween settlers and tho railroads over
homestead and railroad grant lands, and
his duties now are mainly along that
line. Hill and Lamont are close per
sonal friends, being Interested to
gether In more than one, enterprise be
sides railroading.
Hill's "North Oaks" farm. 12 miles
north of St. Paul. Is famous as the
place where he began breeding bulls
and boars years ago to give away to
the farmers of the Northwest, that they
might Improve their stock and so help
build up tho Northwest and the Great
Northern. He doesn't give them away
now, for the farmer didn't appreciate
the gifts. Hill now sells the bulls and
boars at cost. His buffalo and. elk
herds have become known the world
over. He has also made the experiment
of crossing buffalo with cattle, and the
product is an animal superior to the
ordinary bovine breed for most pur
poses useful to the farmer and Btock
mati" Owing to the rugged occupations of
his boyhood and his prolonged outdoor
life in middle age, he Is stronger,
physically, today than many a man of
30. He Is rarely down-hearted, but,
sometimes, like all with the artistic
temperament, which Is his, despite the
practical hard-headedness which also
Is his, he falls Into the "dumps." It has
been told in print that once, when'wor-
rylng about the Northern Securities
decision, he pointed to a map of the
Great Northern.
"Anyway." he said. Indicating the
line with a sweep of the hand. "I've
made my mark on the surface of the
earth and they can t wipe It out."
bread, and perhaps a bottle of milk In the
ice box. While ho was satisfying his
hunger as best he could, he was startled
by the prolonged ringing of the front
aooroeiL At first he hesitated, but final
ly went to the door and ODened It.
Upon Its threshold, showing every evi-
aence. or extreme exhaustion, and of ner
vousness almost beyond control, stood E.
H. Harriman. His eyes were red, his
hands tremulous, and when he spoke his
voice was low and uncertain. Mr. Tannan
asked him In and offered him a seat, but
Harriman In his excitement, still stand
ing, began to tell his story.
"Mr. Tappan,' said he. In effect. "I have
not consciously slept In 72 hours. I am
desperate, but I am perfectly solvent. I
nave ample securities of the gilt-edged
sort to cover all my liabilities and leave
a large surplus. But no bank will lend
me a cent on my very best securities.
even, and If I can't get some cash to
morrow, I shall be a ruined man. I have
brought statements and schedules to show
you that what 1 say Is true."
ISeelng that his visitor was in no condi
tlon to go Into further details at that
time, Mr. Tappan made him be seated and
got him a glass of wine.
"Now, Mr. Harriman." said the baSpker,
"I think I shall bo able to give youa lit
tle hope. We have had a meetlntr 'of the
clearing-house bankers today, and at that
meeting a plan of action was adopted. I
cannot tell you Just what was done, for I
am pledged not to do so. But you may
take my word for It that If you are solv
ent if you have the securities you say
you have you win be an right tomorrow.
No, don't show your statements to me
now, -but go home and go to bed. When
you are rested tomorrow morning, get up
and' go to your office. Without doubt the
complications of today will be straight
ened out satisfactorily then."
Harriman listened almost as one in a
dream; then, with a clasp of the hand,
he thanked Mr. Tappan for his words,
turned and left the house. That night he
got the ten hours' sleep advised and
more. too. Next day when he went to
bis office all that Mr. Tappan had said
came true. Clearing-house certificates
were Issued, as had been planned, the
money market cased up at once, and
there was no further danger that E. H.
Harriman would be Insolvent.
Harriman's Home Life and
Fondness for Horses
T HAS been stated often, in print, that
I E. H. Harriman is much like Jay Gould
In person. Yet this Is only partly so.
Harriman. It is true, is of about the same
size, bodily, as was tho wizard of Wall
street, being only five feet four In height
and of slight avoirdupois, but there the
parallel ends. Gould was neatness itself
in dress and was polished In appearance,
but Harriman doesn't care a rap for
clothes and his friends are all surprised
when they see him "dressed up," He
has aged a good deal In the past ten
years. His hair and sweeping, rather
scraggly mustache arc still black, but his
face Is deeply wrinkled and he walks with
a very noticeable stoop. If you were to
meet him In a crowd you'd hardly be
Impressed with his appearance at all, and.
if not knowing him. you wero asked to
guess his occupation in life, you'd be as
likely to say he was a country Sheriff as
anything else.
. Harriman has often been spoken of as
so devoted to business that he has no
time for anything else, but this Isn't at
all true. He works bard, to be sure, but
like many another multl-mlUionalre. es
pecially of the old school, he finds plenty
of time to 'give up to horses. Llko old
rCsmmodcxe Vanderbllt. he Is fond of
trotters and he delights to finger the rib
bons behind a speedy nag or a pair quite
as much as did the commodore, though
he never Is seen on the speedway In New
York, as the commodore surely would
be were he alive now.
Harrlman's horseyness goes beyond
driving: he is one of the best-known
breeders In the United States, making a
specialty of trotters and pacers, and car
rying on the business with profit as well
as to his own satisfaction. "John Jt.
Gentry." the noted pacer, and Stamboul.
the noted trotting sire, are both Harri
man horses.
Harrlman's breeding operations, how
ever, have never been carries on for the
benefit of the territory his railroads serve,
as has Hill's breeding of bulls and pigs,
and sheep, but simply for his own pleas
ure and profit.
Mr. Harriman is unlike Jay Gould In
that he has never owned a steam yacht,
but his domestic tastes are very like the
late Wall-street wizard's. Harriman has
five children, three daughters and two
sons. All of them are expert riders and
drivers; Miss Mary and Mies Cornelia,
tne first and second daughters, have of
ten been seen at horse show and coaching
parade competitions of late years, and
have won many prizes. Mr. Harriman Is
very chummy with hl3 children and one
or other of his daughters is often seen
to be seated beside him in runabout or
road wagon In his drives over the road
near his big country estate.
This estate is one of the most note
worthy in the vicinity of the metropolis.
It is much larger than John D. Rock
efeller's, covering 35,000 acres In Orange
County, New York. It Is diversified with
lakes, mountain streams, forests and big
stretches of thoroughly cultivated farm
lands. He can shoot wild game and angle
for the gam est fish known In New York's
latitude without stirring off his own land.
He can play golf on his own links and ex
ercise .his trotters or pacers on his own
tracks'-there are two of them, each half
mil errs and his daughters can ride to
hounds if they wish to within the boun
daries of his holdings. The daughters are
very fond of crosscountry riding and to
please them a number of hunters now
stand In the Harriman stables, though he
has not yet taken to breeding -saddle
horses and isn't likely to do so. For the
sake of his daughters, too, Mr. Harriman
took a good deal of Interest In the for
mation of tho Orange County Hunt, to
which they belong.
Mr. Harrlman's "taxable residence Is
at Arden farms, near Tuxedo, and the
family takes part In the social life of the
Tuxedo colony and is moderately Inter
ested in the so-Jal life of New York,
where the family has a town house, but
their life Is by no means that of "fren
zied" society devotees. Mrs. Harriman was
a Miss Averill. and, like her daughters,
she Is an expert horsewoman.
Both the house at Arden farms and the
house on Fifth avenue are modest struc
tures, considering Mr. Harrlman's wealth
and prominence, but be is now having a
great mansion built that when finished
will be one of the showiest, most pictur
esque residence structures In America. It
will stand on the top of Tower Hill, the
highest point In the Harriman estate in
Orange County, at an elevation, of 1350
feet above the sea level. It will be 250
feet long, will face west and with Its stone
terrace will cover nearly three acres. The
cost of the place was figured at $500,000
when the house was begun, rather more
than a year ago, but the amount will
probably exceed that sum.
Though not brought up in the railroad
business, Mr. Harriman has wonderful
knowledge of its practical side. Like Car
negie, be is "not afraid of the scrap
heap." The steelmaster used not to hesi
tate to throw away thousands of dollars
In machinery when better machinery was
Invented. He knew the true economy that
sometimes lay In vast expenditures, and so
does Harriman. as he showed when he
built the Salt Lake cut-off at a cost of
millions to save a few miles. He is a
very reserved man, but they say he
danced a Highland fling in the presence
of the reporters when that Job was fln
Uhed. DEXTER MARSHALL.
ELKS SHED THEIR, JLtfTLEBSl
Protection Changed Annually, While
Horns Last Throughout Life.
St Nicholas.
How many persons among the many
thousands that annually visit our zo
ological parks realize as they pause to
admire the noble bucks of the deer fam
ilyparticularly the wapiti, or American
elk that their branching antlers are cast
off annually and renewed and well hard
ened within the short period of seven
months?
Before describing the manner in which
elk shed their antlers, I should like to
explain the difference between "antlers"
and "horns." All the members of the deer
family the moose, caribou, elk (In Europe
the animal which we call moose Is known
as elk), and smaller deer possess antlers.
while the appendages on the heads of
goats, sheep, cattle and the like are
known as horns, and, with one exception
the American antelope, or pronghorn
are retained by their owners throughout
life.
Elk shed their antlers about February 1,
though much depends upon the locality
and upon the age and health of the ani
mal. It often happens that one antler
is carried several days after the other
has been dropped. The new antlers push
off the old ones, and when they appear
they resemble scars on the animal s fore
head, but soon take the form of two
black velvet buttons About the size of
silver dollars. As they continue to grow
they gain In length only, and by the first
of July they have attained their full size.
If you could examine them now you
would find them soft and rather flexible,
nourished by the blood, and encased In
a thick, tough skin covered with velvety
fur. The antlers are now "In the velvet,"
as the hunters term It, a most critical
period for the owner, who seems to real
ize It. for he is careful to avoid contact
with anything liable to Injure them.
Should an accident happen and the
skin get broken or the antler disfigured,
it might result In the elk's bleeding to
death, or In his carrying a deformed ant
ler until the following February. Through
a process of nature the blood vessels that
have fed the antlers are shut off about
the middle of July, and then they begin
to harden. A few weeks later the elk may
be seen rubbing them against trees or
thrashing them about in the brush, while
endeavoring to rid them of the velvet.
and In a few days It hangs in shreds and
soon disappears entirely. The elk Is now
lord of the forest and Is ready to' combat
with his rivals or enemies.
The Inefficient Mistress.
Jane Seymour Klink. in Atlantic
Ti)e domestic employe as she Is today Is
In part the product or inefficient, lncon
slderate and Indifferent employers. I have
experienced all three, and may have a
choice as to which I should prefer; but
the question here is not one of personal
choice, but what sort of domestic em
ployes will these different sorts of em
ployers produce.
Take the inefficient first, and let the
girls themselves answer the question.
"She don't know anything about keep
ing house, what's the use of trying to
do It right!"
"The Idea of her givin' us orders when
I know it all. and she don't know no
more than a baby.'
"Mrs. B. thinks she can cook, but she
.says. 'Ann. take -a little of this, an a
pinch of that, you know how; I want It
to taste right!' and I don't know what
ehe means."
Under sucn employers, maids grow
careless contemptuous, and Impertinent
thre vcov unpleasant characteristics, for
which they ate not wholly to hiama.
How the Other Half Lives
Mr. OBurton, Writing From the French Capital, Tells of
the Beauty of Napoleon's Paris.
(THOUGHT I knew sometnmg oi
city life. San Francisco, Minneapolis,
"St. Louis In tho Fair year. Chicago
as the city stands sprung from the
ashes of 30 years ago Into a wonder of
the 19 th .century, and New York City
with its dense population, surging
through the streets of the big flatiron
between the two rivers, and with Its
32-story buildings cutting the sky-line,
were all familiar to me. There are
none of them like Paris; rather, Paris '
has features not found in any other
city. The word unique is made to do
much work, that belongs to other words.
There are few, unique things on the
earth. Among cities Paris comes as
near being unique as one will ever find.
Chicago and New York City present
to tho eye features grander than any
thing In Paris. So far as I see, there
are no mansions here like those of the
New York millionaires. The rich Parisian
seems to prefer some other manner of
life. He has beautiful seats where he
spends the Summer. When he comes
to Paris for tho Winter; If a bachelor.
he, probably goes to a hotel. Those
who are men of family have residences
In almost every part of Paris, but none
of them are anything like the best
things in New York and other large
American cities.
Paris, Old and New.
Few cities In Western Europe out
rank Paris in their place in the pages
of authentic history. Caesar found tho
Gauls Intrenched in their city on an
Island In the midst of the Seine. The
name was Lutetia. Strange, this part
of Paris is called la Clto to this day.
There" are bid corners there where the
buildings dato back a comparative long
period of years, but there is little left
of Paris which antedates Napoleon. The
old cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris,
the Palace of the Luxembourg, the
Cluny Museum, with its old Roman
baths, and a few other monuments.
have something of the ' Rime of Age
about them, but Paris as a whole Is
new. There Is very little of what was
In existence in the time of the Revo
lutlon. a little over a cenutry ago, left
standing. This does not mean to say
that there are not old buildings scat
tered along the streets in almost overy
part of Paris. But there are few places
where the comparatively new do not
predominate. Even Balzacs Paris Is
all changed. The Faubourg St- Ger
main, onco the homo of so much luxury
and pride of wealth. Is now tho bound
ary line of the famous Latin quarter of
Thackerfand of Du Maurler s "Trilby.
The Boulevard St. Germain Is built up
with houses that once were the abodes
of the most luxurious and refined life
of Paris. The buildings show today
their high origin, but what a general
degeneracy there has been! The street
Is wider, the houses higher, the walls
thicker than are found right and left
In the Latin Quarter proper. That Is
generally all the difference. Many of
the former homes of the noblesse and
of the rich merchants are occupied as
apartment-houses and "pensions" and
many are put to more degenerate uses.
Napoleon and the Bourbons.
Nothing- In Paris strikes my mind
more than the comparative newness of
nearly everything. The Bourbons have
left so few traces of their existence
here: Of the royal houses preceding
them there is of course less trace. On
the, contrary, Napoleon and the .Revo
lution are" recalled at every turn. The
names of the streets, the monuments.
nearly all things are of the past cen
tury. One sits in the gardens of the
Tuilerles or in the gardens of the
Louyra on a sunny afternoon and
dreams of the great dramas that have
been unfolded in these places on which
his eyes rest. These gardens lying
along the Seine are for the most part
bare squares, covered with a sharp
gravel and studded with small trees of
the button-ball species, as the Yankee
boy knows trees. Here the children of
Paris of all classes excepting the
wealthy play from morning until night.
Ragged urchins spin tops or play mar
bles where the Bourbons and their fol
lowers held high revel In tho days of
old. The debaucheries of the last two
or three Louis, excepting, of course,
of the very last one who lost his head
on the guillotine, knew hardly any
bounds here where the Tuilerles once
stood. Louis XVI himself spent happy
days here. Marie Antoinette held her
proud head high before those terrible
day3 of the revolution came to bow
the obstinate head so low. The youth of
the Commune now gamble here forget
ful of It aU.
It Is but a little way from these rare
gardens of the present, the sumptuous
scenes of the past, to the Place Vendome.
There in the midst of a great square
towers a high column on the top of
which stands Napoleon. Which one? Tho
first one, the Great one, of course. The
monument Is In bronze and towers high
above the buildings around. It is made of
the cannons the "Little Caporal" cap
tured in hie wars with combined Europe,
Most artistically Is It wrought, and like
a conqueror the Emperor stands on the
top, for it was erected In 1SC5, and is
dedicated to Napoleon. Emperor, Augus
tus. eta, the Inscription being, of course,
in Latin. This column was torn down by
the Commune In its last terrible outbreak
after the Pruesian war. or at least was
very much damaged. It ha3 since been
restored to all Its former glory and
beauty. The Bourbons or Capets have
perished from the earth, but Napoleon
seems almost to live and breath in the
Paris of today.
So with the terrible revolutions which
swept so corrupt and rotten a past Into
oblivion. They are fresh to memory at
every turn. Near the old Louvre is the
street called the 23th of July, round a
corner or two Is one called the 11th of
July, turn a few more corners and there
is one named the 4th of September. So
there Is a street called Rouget de Lisle.
All through the city the streets recall
the achievements of Napoleon: Marengo
street, the Avenue of the Alma, the Ave
nue of Jena, and many more like these
A City Full of Monuments.
Tho French love glory, the glory' of
war particularly. They have a warm
place In their hearts for the heroes of
tbelr race. They deify them In all pos
sible ways. They have filled Paris with
monuments to the men who have achiev
ed great things for France. Joan of
Are, in bright brass, stands like a living
presencp here In the midst of the city,
At tho head of la cite, where the Seine
parts In two to surround Lutetia. stands
a noble bronze statue ot Henry of Na-
varre. whose exploits at Ivry Macaulay
has immortalized In verse. Down in the
Latin Quarter, very properly figures Dan
ton, tho rough butcher of the Reign of
Terror. At the very end of the gardens
of the Louvre, one of France's most
recent great ones. Gambetta, stands like
life as If addressing the people. Turn
where you will there is a monument to
some one or other of those whose names
glorify France. Not only soldiers and
statesmen are held in everlasting remem
brance; so, too. are the poets and artists.
Balzac's name Is borne by one street.
Victor Hngo's by a grand avenue leading
to the Bols and Hugo's statue In bronze-
adorns a pretty square along thl3 same
avenue.
Other cities have those things In grea'ter
or less degree and number, but Paris has
Letter ' streets and squares which come
very near presenting unique features.
-uarKet street, San Francisco. Is a narrow
street compared with the system of grand
Douievaraa wnich nearly surround Paris
and which intersect It In many directions.
ijroaoway, iow York, is a mere alley
compared with these. But still these are
In a measure like the great streets of
other great cities. But the Place de la
Concorde and the Avenue des Chamna
Elysees" certainly form a feature to which
may be applied tho epithet "unique."
This Place de la Concorde stands at one
end of the gardens of the Tuilerles the
living present Joining the burial place ot
tne past. I never look upon" the old gar
dens that the feeling peculiar on entering
a cemetery does not come over me. I
never look at the Place de la Concorde
that I do not seem to stand face to
face with all that Is characteristic with
the present age.
This Place de la Concorde stands in
the center of the rushing stream of life
in Paris. It Is but a few steps from the
old church of the Madeleine and not far
from the Opera. But it stretches seem
ingly .an immeasurable distance off tha
banks of the Seine. The Egyptian obelisk
is in the center and all around are gates
dedicated to the great cities of France.
Nearest the gardens of the Tuilerles
stands one of these monuments bearing
the name of Strasbourg. This is a pa
thetic sight. It ie crowned with mourn
ing leaves like a tomb. New ones are
placed there yearly on the anniversary
of the capture of that city by tho Ger
mans. On one facing, In large black
letters, Is the legend: "Qui vive? La.
France: quand meme:" South stretches
the Champs Elysees and a long way down
this widens Into a circle reaching to tho
new bridge, Alexandra nr., which spans
tne beine. At the end of the avenue rises
tho Triumphant Arch of the Star, built
after the war with Prussia and like the
wreaths and tho legend on the Stras
bourg monument, breathes tha undying
aspiration of every Frenchman that Al
sace-Lorraine will once again be. French.
From this arch the great avenue runs
on a mile or more to the Boi3 de Bou
logne. .
By. Night or Day. x
From the Egyptian oblesque to tha
"Star" by night qr day I never saw any
street like this Avenue des Champa Ely
sees. The Place de la Concorde stretches
thousands of feet towards the river. The
Rond Point, or circle, of the Champa
Elysees. is by no means so broad, but still
Is a noble feature In the street. The
avenue and Its continuations for three
miles Is not less than 250 feet wide. Into
all these cross great avenues from all
sides. They are lined with many rows of
trees between which run broad walks for
pedestrians. The roadway Is 1C0 feet wide
at least. From 6 A. M. to 12 P. M. the
whola length ot thl3 avenue looks like tha
Incarnate spirit of tho twentieth century.
The climax comes between 5 and 10 P. M.
The three miles at every foot swarms
with pedestrians along the sides and
everything that runs on wheels in the
center.. At these hours the whole scene is
a blaze of gas lights. There aro rows
upon rows of these along the avenue and
five times as many at tho square and
round the circle.
One Sunday while we were here we saw
this at its maddest. It was a sunny No
vember day, a rare thing in Paria The
steeplechase races took place at Anteuli.
From 12 noon the rush began; for two
hours a swallow could hardly cross be
tween the vehicles going out the avenue.
At the gates going into tha race course
one saw Paris as it is. It costs 20 franca
for a man to go In and 10 francs for a
woman. A coupe which waited for you
costs nearly 20 francs more. It is plain
that only the very rich could play tha
game at this pace. But thousands went.
There Is a cheaper entrance costing a.
franc and it Is estimated that 100.000 went
In at that rate. About 5 o'clock the crowd
began to return. The coupes, victorias,
hansome carriage, automobiles of all "
sizes, builds, colors and costs, bicycles
driven by foot and electricity., were all In
one confused mix-up. Red lights burned
on everything on wheels. As thick as
the wide streets could hold them they
came down In a mad rush, coachmen call
ing out In harsh tones, autos snorting,
electric bicycles cracking like pistol shots,
and those worked by foot tooting in plain
tive tones to be let live, every coupe or
victoria with bells dangling on the har
ness, presented a scene never to ba for
gotten. For hours that stream rushed
past. The street looked as If filled with
thousands of giant fireflies, and the sides
and squares ablaze with gas Jets that
burned Ilka stars in the darkness. And
while this stream went citywards another
half as large threatened its way through
all the maze of moving wheels going to
the Bols to spend the evening. These
night scenes along the Champs Elysees
to me were the most characteristic ot
Paris life of anything I saw.
Sights and Scenes of Paris.
You see queer things 'here in Paris. At
a little restaurant, where I got my break
fast many mornings, were to be seen
young clerks rushing in and getting a
cup of coffee or hot milk, break into this
a little loaf costing 1 cent American, eat
it with a soup spoon and. rush off to bus
iness. Another bought two crescent of
bread at 2 cents American, and rushed
out to eat breakfast on the way to busi
ness. Another, a rough-looking chap
from an automobile garage close by,
comes in and orders four raw egg3 which
are laid before him with a little awl.
such as a shoemaker may use. He pierces
both ends of each egg and actually suck3
them-. No bread, nothing- to drinkk That
was his breakfast.
On the same block where my lodgings
were stood a handsome hotel. It was
crowded with guests. The dining-room
was on the ground floor, and In passing
one saw without spying what went on In
side. Men all sat, or nearly all, at the
tables, dozens of them with ladies by
tnelr sides, the men wearing their high
silk hats' while they eat their dinner. In
Paris it seems to be comme il faut to
eat with your hat on, and to break your
bread in a cup of coffee and eat it with
a soup spoon; also to suck raw eggs at
the breakfast table.
Around tho corner from the hotel Just
mentioned, with all its luxury, I met one
evening one of the most wretched of all
the miserable sights one sees in Paris.
It wa3 a bitterly bleak evening, and
there in the shadow stood a wretched
mother, two little tots holding on to her
skirts, a smaller one in her arms, and
signs too plain of another about toap-near.-
While she shivered there begging
a few sous that she might eat and not
die; tha whirl of gay, luxurious life went
rushing with red lights, coupes and car
riages, down the avenue with a roar like
that of Niagara, and the well-groomed
men with the high silk hats and women
In costly gowns, feasted. In the gorgeous
super-heated hotel dining-room against
whoso, walls she leaned her tired body.
Along the Champs Elysees old men and
women sell sweets to tho children who
play beneath the trcec. One of these old
women sat there day after day, as we
passed, and in tho evening she was fcur
rounded by scores of sparrows, which she
fed with crumbs of bread. They covered
the chair on which she sat as well aa tha
ground around, perched on her shoulders
and on her head and ate out of her hand.
It a passing dog frightened her pets she
gave It a look angry enough to kill: It
-was the prettiest thing I saw in ail. Part
G. "W. BURTON.