&2 m - t i BRH la a presen-t-day view of ono of the most astonishing characters in all the world's history Andrew Carnegie, freest-handed cmuM-millionaire ever known. Tho name of this man, Scottish born, but American by adoption, has probably been mora continuously before the Eng-Jish-EpeakJirg public of two continents, both la srint and In the talk of tho peo ple, for the last fete years than that of fmy other individual now Urlng. It is doubtful "whether any other name, not that of a ruler, a statesman, or a fighting mas. has ever been so widely brought to tts front and kept there so long. There Is a. suspicion here and there that this prominence is not el together displeasing to Stfc. Carnegie: that It has been brought about deliberately -and "With benevolence Erfoxefhongbt. Tet ho was well known, and deservedly, years before ha began gns -amrvrfng career of diversified liberal- fey, Carnegie began to earn money at the rate of a week, -when U. Fifty-two yxxrrs later, at 63, -when ho retired from Ttarther money getting; ho had accumu lated $16650,000, according to schedules then published and taken from the rec ords of his Tarious holdings. He had feathered this fortune at the average rate of $3497,100.08 a year, from the time he began work as 'a bobbin boy in Pittsburg at 20 cents a day. According to a published estimate by Henry C Frick, once Carnegie's close as sociate, his yearly income when the great steel trust was formed was between 524, 000.000 and $36,000,000. If it really was as large as Prick: said, Carnegies wealth, estimated on the 5 per cent basis, then aggregated more than $400,000,000, and, despite his vast largess, ho is now cred ited by many financiers with being worth that vast sum. While getting his millions together Mr. Carnegie had been one of the greatest individual forces in the wonderful ma terial development of bis adopted -country that was beginning when he first appear ed upon the Industrial stage. He was one of tho first telegraph operators to read the writing wire by sound. He helped in troduce the sleeping car on tho Pennsyl vania Railroad, of which he was an em ploye. He was one of tho earliest oil producers, lie led in the-subsUtutlon" of iron bridges for wooden ones. He 'nelped replace tho Iron rail with one of steel. He was one of the leading factors, perhaps the most important, in the development of Pittsburg Into the greatest wealth-producing center in America. At the time his properties were swal lowed up by the steel trust he employed moro wage-earners than any other person or corporation in this country. It is pos sible that he was then the largest em ployer of labor In the world. National governments excepted, though Krupp, the great German ironmaster, may have had a more extensive pay roll. Power, little less than imperial, came, as a matter of course, along with the vast industrial enterprises, and the In come larger than that of any living ruler, which was his. There came, also, gigan tic contests with other financial and in dustrial princes, some of them longer es tablished than he and some of them ris ing rapidly, contemporaneously with htm. Out of theso titanic fights, most of which he won, by the way, grew hatreds as acrid and lasting as any the world has known. Thus, while he has been cele brated for the friends he has made, he has not been without enemies, and bitter ones at that. But th world at large feels very kindly toward this man of small stature, great -wealth and big benefactions. And it is certain that his wholesale establishment of technical schools, of libraries, of the great Carnegie Institution at Washington, of hero funds and of various educational institutes, his gifts of organs' to poor churches, a peace palace to the world's governments and the endowments of the Scottish universities will make millions remember him long after many of his now famous contemporaries have been forgot ten. Unlike some philanthropists, ho does not seek to hide his gifts; all are made pub lic. Only the other day, in a public ad dress, ho gave a list of the library build ings he had erected, and told how much money they had cost. Naturally, his name is attached to the Institutions be establishes, and stone and metal tablets, well nigh imperishable, will perpetuate 1c in more placos than the name of any other man that has over been thus dis played. By the time he has orected the number of public libraries he purposes, it has been calculated by an ingenious flgurer, his name will be printed fifteen million times in tho books alone. Nothing short of a complete overturning of the pros mi t organization of human society could much lesson its vogue for centuries to come. Benjamin Franklin left only one or two public benefactions behind him, yet they alone "would have kept his name alive, re gardless of his eminent public services. Peter Cooper established only one. but he will be remembered as long as the Insti tute which bears his nameShall stand. Carnegie will leave thousands of libraries, endowments for half a dozen schools and universities, and. most of all, the Hague Palaco of Peace, to say nothing of other and probably greater future endowments, as yet unannounced. Mr. Carnegie's Famous Musical Breakfast PROMPTLY on tho stroke of S, every morning in the week at this jUme of the year, a door opens upon the ctalely main hall In the stately granite mansion -which faces Central Park at the corner of Fifth avenue at Ninety-first street. At exactly tho same moment a man. seated at the grand organ forming one -JC" 'Try. mrrm TIkl' ttt xi end of the halL cresses his finnars an the keys and the whole bouse is filled. witn mueto. Presently a snort, slender, "pony -built" man, as he terms blmself, with, bright eyes and gray hair and beard, who looks about 60, but Is really nearer 70, steps out of the open door. His bearing Is Jhat off one quite satisfied with himself and his lot In life. After a turn or two up and down the ball he, re-enters the door, tn appear again after' the lapee of 20, 30 or 40 minutes. The man. at tho organ is still playing when the little man, who, meanwhile, has breakfasted, emerge the second time. It is the organist's duty to minister mu sically to his employer till 9 o'clock. Sometimes, during the remainder o tho hour, the latter paces back and forth, sometimes he sits and dreamily drinks in the harmonies. Almost always he sug gests the playing of some particular piece of music. At least lour times a week he asks for Handel's "Largo." Always he listens with the air of a genuine music lover, which, indeed, he is. Of coureo you recognise the little man as Andrew Carnegie. He at tho organ is Walter Gale, organist at Dr. McConnell's All Souls' Church. Professor Gale is one of the highest paid musicians, here or anmrh.er 1k 'hnf ty omo.4. doesn't balk t thn fT-1ro Tn au1nMnrr Gale to play for him the retired steel- J juuausi: u&b mi-reiy conunuoa ins scneme he adopted nearly SO years ago, when he began to pile up the millions which en able him now to begin his days and end them exactly as he pleases. His echeme may be epitomized in this five-word sentence: The best Is good enough. He found it satisfactory in the conduct of the Keystone Bridge "Works, where -he made his first big success' Later, when ho had created America's biggest steel works, be carried the scheme to greater lengths than anyone else ever has. He then paid his two score depart ment heads and partners so well that, with few exceptions, fMh la now a mil lionaire, while some olhem have many millions. It was because be made his service so profitable to them that Carnegie's lieu tenants made themselves so valuable to him. He helped them, they helped him, and everybody hustled. "No favoritism and a share of the business for those who make the business," was an oft-noted ex pression of the steelmaster in the forma tive days. First Step In the Organization. ' The first step in the organization of j what ultimately became the great steel ' trust was the formation of Carnegie Bros, j & Co., limited, in 1S00. This was followed ' by the Carnegie Company of New Jersey, j It was organized under the laws of that state with a capital stock of- 3100,000,000 and a bonded debt oT a like amount. The par value of the shares was $1000, an the ten largest stock and bondholders were as follows: Stock. A. Carnegie $80,882,000 Henry PJilppe 17.27,000 Bonca. 1S8.147.OO0 17,317,000 iQ.soo.eoo 8.SS3.0C0 4.0C1;000 2.885.000 2.8S6.000 2.707.0U0 2.707.000 2,510.000 H. C. Prick. lfi.4S4.000 Oeorre L&uoer ........ S.4S2.0O0 C. Si. Sclrorab. ...... a.BSO.000 H. M. Curry 2,820,000 "William M, anew.... 3.830.000 L. C. Phlpps 2,654,000 A. R. Peacock 2.653,000 I. C Carnegie 2,408,000 The other leading stockholders were: Thomas Morrison. James Gay ley, W. W. Blackburn, J. Ogden Hoffman. James Scott, W. EL Casoy, Louis T. Brown, 8. J. Lindsay. H. E. Lener. Jr.; W. B. Dick son, John McLeod, A R. Hunt, D. T. Berg, D. M. Clemeon, H. M. Morelnnd, John C. Fleming, George E. McCague. H. P. Bopo. James E. Schwab. B. G. Kerr, E. F. Wood. G. B. Bosworth. G. D. Pall ser. H. C.Case. C. W. Baker, A. C. Din key, Charles McCreery, Henry Phlpps. Jr.; F. L. T. Lovejoy, George F, Wight man, A R. Whitney, Millard Hunslcker and George Megrew. Carnegie's Early Friends and Partners THESE men, nearly all young, vigor ous and enthusiastic, were the ones to whom Mr. Carnegie referred as "my Indispensable and clever part ners," when J. Plerpont Morgan under took the gigantic work of organizing all the leading steel and Iron concerns, with their-allied Industries in mining, coke making, bridge building, struc tural steel manufacturing and railroad lines into one concrete whole, under the now famous name of the United States Steel Corporation. Few of them had ever been heard of outside of Pittsburg, and some of them were by no means prominently known there. Henry Clay Frlck was widely known as a man of many millions be fore he became identified with the Car negie concern?. He had practically built up the coke business of the Connells ville field. He was a strong man, for years, in the Carnegie concern, and it was this very strength which led to tho rupture between . him and Carnegie. Each wished to dominate, but Carnegie insisted on being obeyed, whatever the objection. Frlck himself -was accus tomed to being obeyed: when he en countered a similar nature to blsvown. ho refused to bend and the break came. He Is still Interested in the United States Steel Corporation, but not act ively. Captain William R. Jones was a Pittsburg Ironworker of established fame before he became a stockholder, and the principal technical expert of the Carnegie company. He was killed by an accident In the mills before h-a could enjoy the full benefit of the wealth that came to him. Charles M. Schwab, who was made the United States Steel Corporation's first president, at Mr. Carnegie's dic tation, was employed originally In the Carnegie works by Mr. Jones, and, although then Ignorant of the mysteries of steel making, the young man applied himself and became an invaluable fac tor in tho practical conduct of the con cern. His eclipse as tho head of the greater combination seems now to have passed away. Anyway, with his Bethle hom Steel Company and his prospective Russian contracts, he looks very much like a man on horseback, so far as steel is concerneJ, but you never can tell about the future. Schwab has a brother, Joseph, who is active In Steel Corporation affairs. W. E. Corey, who succeeded Schwab as the Steel Corporation's president. was nut one of tho .partner andjllcu. rife mrsnyxs UHHSS O X SSBHHSSV T.TAf tenants when the corporation was formed, but he. was a Carnegie Steel Company man, and he grew up from a lad in its employ. Major L. T. Brown, then superinten dent of the Union Iron Mills, had en tered that establishment as a roller, a dozen years before. He is now living a life of leisure, but in Pittsburg, not New Tork or Europe. George E. Mc Caguc had been the Plttsburgi-Tepre-sentative of a Western railroad a freight agent before he entered the service of the Carnegie Company. II. P. Bope was another railroad man who had been an employe of the Pennsylvania Company. Millard Hun sicker had been a sales agent for the Carnegie Company. About ten years ago ho was transferred to Europe with headquarters in London. Thomas Lynch, a shrewd and capa ble Irishman, who began 30 years ago as clerk In a coke company store, and who Is today president of the Frlck Coke Company and worth a million, is still at the head of that allied con cern of the old Carnegie -Company.' 'Henry Phlpps. instead of founding ,llbrarlui..rlvias ozsaax Kxza-. obegonia, pobtland, i imi irnnrcm warding heroes, is building- model ten ements and establishing hospitals for consumptives. Thus It "will be seen that wSHo some of the Carnegie lieutenants are still active in Steel Corporation affairs, many of them, no longer spurred to activity by their stimulating chief of other days, have settled down to the enjoyment of the wealth they got while working with and for him. Moat of them are modest enough Jn their semi retirement. One of them. A R. Peacock, who "was a salesman for a decoratln'g nouse In New Tork when Carnegie picked him up. has had fame thrust upon him in the newspapers, which often refer to his big private palace in Pittsburg as "the house with 22 bath rooms." Present Intellectual and . Artistic Friendships MR. CARNEGD3 still keeps up rela tions with his "beys." us he' sosse tlmes terms his forsaer "clever partners." march 5, im . geously at a "reunion" in his New Tork mansion. But he looks among men of entirely different types-for his intimates today. He seems to crave the companionship, mainly, of men of brains as such, not men who have harnessed their mental powers to the building up of vast for tun3, but rather those who employ their minds in strictly intellectual pursuits. He is on good terms with many of the world's multi-millionaires, but he prefers college professors to captains of Industry, writers of books to railroad kings. He is friendly to J. P. Morgan, for instance, so far as any one knows, but he would rather spend an hour with John Morley, the historian and publicist, than a year with the great combiner. Hermit Among MultlMllliana!res. "Mr. Carnegie Is now a hermit in his relations to men cf great business af fairs," said a prominent captain of in dustry the other day. Tet Mr. Carnegie likes to foregather with the great folk of Great Britain, and when on the other side of the .water he entertains ail sorts of titled people, from King Edward down. l. "5. I - - as it exists on this side of the water, he fs not attracted, apparently, nor it to him. but that need not necessarily mean that there Is antipathy on either side. Society folk in America and Carnegie have little In-common, that Is" all. On both sides of the water he takes more kindly to men who are in politics than to those in commerce, manufactures or finance; In his lifetime James G. Blaine was one of his closest friends. It was while he was enjoying a coaching trip, through Great Britain- with Blaine that Carnegie gathered the material for his first book, and it was while on that trip that he made the acquaintance of Walter Damrosch. the famous musical conductor, who married a daughter of Mr., Blaine. The acquaintance between Damrpsch and Carnegie became warm friendship before the trip was concluded, and has never been broken. arnegle's Dollars at Teddy's Dis posal. Carnegie's friendship with the Presi dent Is a matter of common knowledge. His preference for the Republican cause last Fall was announced as prominently as he knew how, early In October, on his return from Skibo. It may not be so gen erally known, though, that he professed to be ready to back his preference with cold cash should It be necessary. On hearing that. "Wall Street," reputed com monly to raise a big Republican cam paign fund every fourth year, had decided to throw its Influence and money against Roosevelt; the steelmaster sought a man high In Republican counsels and said sub stantially: "If the Wall-street men do raise a big fund for Parker. I will match them dollar for dollar. I will give more than thelr fand, If necessary, to help the election of Roosevelt; so there Is no occasion to feel alarmed at that story." Mr. Carnegie is proud o the fact that In Mr. Gladstone's lifetime the two were close friends, and he has a big collection of personal letters from the great English liberal, which be delights to show; ta his intissates. They are written in the Grand Old Man's most difficult hand, arid, bear .lnt evtry topic or human' inter ft est. Tou mightn't think it. but many of the Gladstone missives are Inscribed upoa postal cards. Those who have been conversant with the steelmaster's political views during the last 30 years remember very wen that he was once a. strenuous advocate of ths high protective tariff policy, but that later he changed front, declaring for lower"1 tariffs, on the ground that the purposes of high protection, good when adopted, and necessary to the proper development of the country's Industrials, had now beea served. The Industries had been built up and needed protection no longer Certain persons have been uncharitable enough to attribute this change of heart to the fact that Carnegie himself had profited enough by the tariff on iron and steel to be ready to dispense with it. It was pointed out as a singular coincidence, .also, that the change came soon after there had been trouble between the Car negie, works and the Government over armor plate, and at a time when Mr. Cleveland was in the Presidential chair. Those who should know something of his motives say, however, that Mr. Car negie was probably more profoundly in fluenced in that matter by his talks and correspondence with Mr. Gladstone, whose conviction that free trade was the true solution of every nation's Ills, and whose splendid persuasive powers are well known .than by any other considerations. Carnegie's Bookshelf Friends. Mr. Carnegie has profited a great deal by his close study of the human volumes he has met in his journey through life; but he holds his friends, the books that fill the. shelves of his extensive private libraries, in Skibo Castle and the mansion on the Highlands of Fifth avenue, hi higher regard than he liolds most men. He is as close a student of books as either James J. Hill or Theodore Roosevelt though be does not read the classics in the original, as they do. 7 In both castle and mansion the books are housed superbly. Shelves packed with volumes reach from floor to ceiling. They are arranged and classified with. well-nigh perfect system, and there is. bardly any CCcncluded oa Pace SSJ ft (i I