'
LINCOLN'S FR5T
WASHINGTON. Feb. 20. (Special
Correspondence of The Sunday
Oregonlah.) It simply happened
that the "first Wednesday In March."
prescribed ae the time for "commencing
proceedings" under the newly made Con
stitution, fell upon March 4. March 4 has
etuck in the Nation's craw, ever since,
and even the most skilled legislative sur
geons feel timid about conducting an oper
ation for removal. Its Inclemency has
caused the death of one President, and,
d.ibi.less, of thousands of Inaugural par
ticipants. Boreas almost invariably stores
up his most reprehensible behavior for
that date
The ship of slate "was launched on
March 4, 1789. but there was no navigator
at the helm until April 30. Congress could
sot count a quorum at Its first meeting,
and adjournments were necessary from
day to day until April 6, In spite of re
peated and urgent calls to members.
Practically all of our Legislators of that
day were farmers, loath to leave their
estates until the Spring .seed was sown.
On the day of the first quorum the elec
toral vote was counted. Washington and
Adams being declared elected, committees
were thereupon sent to look them up. at
their homes, where they had remained.
Adams appeared on April 20 and took the
Vire-Presldentlal chair in Old Federal
Hall, New York, then the National Capi
tal Adjournments continued from day
to day, until tho 25th, when the Houses
learned that the. first President had re
ceived notice of his election and had
agreed to at.tond at any appointed time.
It was found that preparations could not
be made before Thursday, April 30, and
it was ordered that the Father of His
Country be then received by bath Houses,
in the Senate chamber.
Marched to Church.
"Washington, after being conveyed over
the Hudson in a barge, was "received
with acclamation." On April 29 Congress
had resolved "to attend the Installation
of the President of the United States at
12 oclock tomorrow In tho Senate room,
ajd afterwards to attend him to divine
strvlce at St. Paul's Church." Washing
ton was staying at Governor Clinton's
residence, on Cherry street, "whore a car
riage was drawn up shortly before noon.
In It ho seated himself, accompanied by
Colonel Humphreys, his aide-de-camp, and
Tobias Lear, his private secretary. He
was escorted to Federal Hall by a chic
procession and a body of regular troops
- for the volunteers 'who had helped free
their country had returned to their farms.
"To the end that the oath of office may
bc administered In the most public man
ner," Vice-President Adarns conducted
General Washington to the "outer gal
lery," after a formal reception by bath
Houses, which had .appointed special In
augural committees, just as Is done in
present times. Six Army officers -and a
JNAV61&AL A&&&ESS.
civilian served as assistants to, these com- j
mittees. Chancellor Livingstone admin- J
letered the oath in the presence of mul
titudes lining the streets outside, and a
crier mado proclamation: "Long live
George Washington, President of tho
United States!" President Washington
returned to the Senate chamber and de
livered his Inaugural address. Shortly
afterward the whole assemblage accom
panied the President to St. Paul's Church,
where prayers were read by Bishop Pro
vost. The day was given up to rejoicings,
and at night there was a brilliant dis
play of fireworks.
Thus -was the first inaugural conducted
by Congress, which now proposes to en
gineer all future ceremonies of the kind,
taking the responsibility and expense from
the shoulders of District of Columbia cit
izens, who for many years have had to
conduct a subscription ball and enter gen
erally into the show buslness-in order to
pay the necessary bills.
First "Fourth" Serene.
For his second inauguration, Washing
ton -was driven from his bouse, the Mor
ris mansion, Philadelphia, to Independ
ence Hall, In a coach and six. "Two
gentlemen with wands" opened the way
to the Senate chamber. The . oath was
administered by Judge William Cushlng,
of the Supremo Court, "in the presence of
an immense concourse of his fellow-citizens,
members of both houses of tho
"United States Legislature and several for
eign Ministers, Consuls, etc" There was
also a large assemblage of ladies In the
Senate on this occasion. - '
On this first 4th of March Inaugural the
weather "was extremely serene, for."
said a newspaper of the day following,
"Providence has always smiled on the
day of this man." Washington made an
inaugural address of but a few words.
Three hearty cheers were given as he left
the hall.
Four years later the ceremony took
place in the House of Representatives,
Philadelphia, rather than the Senate
chamber. John Adams, the new Presl
dent, occupied the Speaker's chair. Vice-
President Jefferson, General Washington.
the retiring- President, and the secretary
of the Senate, were seated -on his right.
the Speaker and clerk of the House on
his left, and tho Supreme Court at a
table in the center. The diplomatic corps.
heads of the departments ami General
Wilkinson. Commander-in-Chief of the
Army, were also present, and some ladles
occupied seats on the floor. In the even
Ing the merchants of Philadelphia gave
Washington a banquet of 240 covers, in
the Circus building. The remains of the
feast were sent to the prisoners In the
Philadelphia jails and to the sick in the
hospitals.
Jeffersori Inaugural Myth.
The myth that Jefferson rode alone to
the Capitol, 'hitched his horse to a fence
paling and walked Into tho-Senate uiiat-
tended should be tucked away with that
of George Washington and his hatchet.
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, FEBRUARY 26, 1905.
The newspapers of the time repudiate it
in detail. Jefferson's was the first Inau
guration held In Washington. He was i
met at the door of Conrad & Munn's !
tavern, on New Jersey avenue, near the
Capitol, by a militia company of artil
lery, and a procession of citizens, which
escorted him to the Capitol, whither he
went afoot, and where a salute of artil
lery was given him. The horseback story
was a canard Invented by one John Davis, j
an englishman, who Injected It Into a
book of American travels. To give his
story the color of truth, he stated that he
was an eye-witness to the Incident, al
though it was afterward proved that he
was not in Washington at that date. The
floor of the Senate chamber. In which
Jefferson took his oath, is now that of the
Law Library of the Capitol. Later he
was escorted back to his lodgings, al
though the "President's Palace" way at
his disposal. At night there was a gen
eral illumination. Adams, the retiring
President, was conspicuous by his ab
sence. At sunrise he had departed for
his home in Massachusetts. Various rea
sons have been advanced for this action,
but chagrin over his failure to receive a
second election was generally accepted.
At Jefferson's second induction into of
fice the employes of the Washington
Navy-Yard turned out In procession.
The ceremony was transferred -to the
House of Representatives when Madison
came In. He left his house on H street
under military escort. Emerging from
the Capitol after the ceremonies, he
passed to his carriage between lines of
militia. The first Inaugural ball was held
In the evening at Long's Hotel.
Monroe Inaugural Squabble.
When Monroe was to be ushered into
office there arose a controversy as to
which house of Congres3 should have
charge of the inaugural ceremony. The
difference was split by swearing in Mon
roe upon an elevated portico midway be
tween the two chambers. His second In
auguration was held, however. In the Tiall
of the House, where the Marine Band
enlivened the scene. Qulncy Adams was
also sworn In In the House, but Jackson
was the first President to take the oath
upon the eastern portico, just completed
when he succeeded. The day of his sec
ond Inaugural was so cold, however, that
the House had again to be resorted to.
All subsequent oath-takings have, how
ever, been upon tho great portico.
"I never saw such a crowd here before.
Persons have come 500 miles to see the
General," said Webster, speaking of Jack
son's first Inaugural. Survivors of the
Revolution called upon Jackson at
Gadsby's Hotel before he left for the
Capitol. He rode alone in an open car
riage, accompanied by his suite, the mar
shal of the District of Columbia and' tho
"Immortals of Washington." An uproar
ious crowd followed him to the White
House, where he had prepared a gen
erous spread for all comers. The man
sion was Tvcll-nigh -wrecked by the multi
AW HAYES' Wf ,xv. GLUlJTLAAD's rQST AAI61J2AL ADDA
tude, and much of the carpets, draperies J
and upholsterj' on the first floor was
ruined. The second inauguration of Jack
son was a quieter affair.
Vah Burcn rode to the Capitol with
Jackson, the retiring President, In a
phaeton built of wood from the frigate
Constitution, presented to "Old Hickory"
by the Democracy of New York. They
were preceded by a splendid escort of
cavalry and Infantry. Van Burcn per
mitted Jackson to continue in the White
House until his departure, a few days
later, to the "Hermitage," In Tennessee.
In the evening there was a grand ball In
what is now Kernan's Theater.
First Big Inaugural.
The first Inaugural programme ar
ranged on a scale In any way comparable
with those of the present times was that
of the first Harrison, in 1S41. The pre
ceding campaign had been one of un
precedented bitterness and had given
birth to many political clubs. Fully 73,000
people were present. The Baltimore
Whigs gave Harrison a coach to carry
him in the procession, but he preferred to
ride on horseback. Floats In the form
of log cabins, veterans who had fought
under "Old Tippecanoe." members of the
convention which had nominated him and
many organizations formed part of the
parade. Harrison attended the" inaug
ural balls in the evening, after holding
a public reception In the afternoon. Three
inaugural balls were again held when
Polk came in at the National Theater.
Carusl's saloon and the Washington Assembly-room.
Inclement weather de
tracted from the brilliancy of the parade
on that day, and resulted in Harrison's
death a few weeks later.
Tho Taylor Inaugural was a big affair.
One hundred marshals of the parade di
visions paid their respects to the General
at 9 In the morning. With a large mili
tary escort he rode to the Captol behind
four gray horses. Ho stopped on the
,, way for Polk, the retiring President, at
Irvlng's Hotel, where the latctr had re
paired from the White House. About
20,000 people listened to his Inaugural ad
dress. In the evening military and civic
balls were held at three places. Pierce
rode to his oath-taking In a barouche
presented by Boston friends. The at
tendance at his inauguration was doubled
at that of Buchanan. For the Inaugural
ball a large temporary hall was con
structed on Judiciary Square. President
Buchanan and ex-President Pierce joined
In the festivities, a supper being held at
Guard Lincoln.
Lincoln left Springfield as early as Feb
ruary 11. when he started "his journey to
Washington to receive the oath of office.
"I leave, not knowing when or whether
ever I may Teturn, with a task before me
greater than that which rested upon
Washington," were his parting words to
his fellow-townsmen. He. arrived In
Washington February. 25. So great was
JZV0,l7YQA? or TTfr jvarioisrs?
the feeling In the country at that time
that It was thought best by the authori
ties to -post, upon the roofs of buildings
along the route of the procession to and
from the Capitol, sharpshooters provided
with 40 rounds of ball cartridges each and
kept In their places all day. The pro
gramme for the procession was arranged
by Generals Scott, Sumner and Stone.
Buchanan, the retiring President, as well
as Senators Baker and Pierce, were seat
ed in the same carriage with Lincoln.
They were headed by a bodyguard of
cavalry. Infantry and riflemen. Upon a
the Capitol President Lincoln read his j
Inaugural address in the presence of 20,003
people. Stephen A. Douglas, his rival for J
the Presidency, neld Lincoln's liat dur
ing the ceremonies. Chief Justice Taney
administered the oath of office. The In
augural ball was again given in a tem
porary building In Judiciary Square. Lin
coln was given the oath the second time
by Chief Justice Chase and the Inaugural
ball was held In the model room of the
patent office, this belm the first. occasion
when a Federal building was utilized for
the purpose.
Grant-Johnson Incident'.
Grant's first Inauguration eclipsed all
previous ceremonies. The procession
moved In eight divisions. .The President
elect rode to the Capitol In an open car
riage, accompanied by General Rawlins,
the members of his late staff following.
'His relations with Johnson were known
L to be strained, and It was thought im
proper to drive them to the Capitol In
the same vehicle. It was proposed to
escort them In separate carriages,
abreast of each other, but the sugges
tion naturally angered Johnson, who
absented himself from the entire cere
mony. The oath was administered by
Chief Justice Chase and' the ball was held
In the north wing of the Treasury. The
second Grant ball was given in Judiciary
Square, in a temporary structure cost
ing $40,000. The day was the coldest in
auguration on record.
Hayes was Inaugurated twice, although
he served but one term. March 4 fell on
Sunday, and "as a matter of precaution"
he took the oath privately In the red
parlor of the White House Saturday night
in the presence of President Grant and
several others. Again on Monday he took
the oath publicly. Because the uncertain
ty of the preceding campaign remained
almost up to the very day of his bath
taking there was no elaborate preparation
for his induction Into office. At 2:20 In
the afternoon he servee a sumptuous
lunch In the family dining-room of the
White House. In the evening there wa3
a torchlight procession and a reception
to the new President In the Wlllard Ho
tel. - The Garfield Inaugural, ball was held
In the unfinished National Museum build
rt$JEATJBST PAGEANT
GLTlHJTLAASD S
rQST JAAUGI&AL ADDR.E55
ing, already outgrown and shortly to be
replaced by a larger and grander struc
ture. Cleveland in Four Parades.
Cleveland's first inaugural holds the
record for attendance lio,000. On that
occasion the precedent of holding the In
augural ball In the court of the pension
office was set. AH inaugural balls since
that time have been held there, although
Congress has agreed that Roosevelt's will
be the last.
The wettest Inauguration was that of
Harrison the younger. Nevertheless 30.GC0
men braved the elements and Pennsyl
vania avenue was a "heaving sea of shin
ing umbrellas." The venerable ex-Vice
THE GOAT AGAINST THE BULL
Smaller Animal Butts in and Butts Out Opponent.
"Animals don't think, eh?" remarked a
gentleman, the other day, speaking of the
statement of a well-known authority to
that effect. "Well, when I was a kid
down on the farm, I saw Indisputable evi
dence that they not- only think, but
scheme, connive, elect delegates, hold con
ventions, order strikes, and all that sort
of thing.
"On our farm was a big. white goat.
On the farm adjoining was a large, black
goat. Both could Jump fences like a fox
hunter, and it wasn't long before they
camo together In one of the greatest head
cracking contests you ever saw. Our goat
-finally won out, and the black, cast down
but not dismayed, took a hustle back over
the fence to his own domain.
"A few days after that a magnificent
bull on our farm got Into an argument
with the white goat. The bull made a
few remarks In his lingo, the goat called
him a snoozer In his, and then they
squared off for strenuous action. Those
who were watching the coming contest ex
pected to see the smaller animal gored up
Into mangled goat steak, but they didn't
know the staying powers of Whitey. The
black goat was looking through the line
fence with a feeling of satisfaction, for
he figured It out that he was about to be
avenged.
"Well, that white goat was as light as
a dancing master on his feet and hefty
of head, and -while the bull was sorting
out a soft spot to place his hookers the
goat landed between his eyes with a
crash that made old Beef Trust howl.
Billy quickly followed up his advantage,
and landed again and again, while the bull
hadn't got In a single hook. At the end
of ten minutes Beefsteak had business in
some other parr of the held.
"Here's where the thinking- part comes
in. As soon as the battle was over, the
black goat called to the white goat, and
a moment later they were In earnest con
versation through the nine-rail fence.
The black goat patted the wrhlte goat on
33
President Hannibal Hamlin,- In his 90th
year, vas present at the ceremonies. Mr.
Cleveland was a conspicuous figure la
four successive inaugural parades, the two
which escorted him to his own induction
into office, that of his rival. Harrison,
and that of his. successor, McKinley. A
unique feature of the first McKinley pa
rade was a mounted detachment of spe
cial aids composed of the sons of five
ex-Presidents. At the second McKinley
Inaugural a glass case was placed about
the President in his reviewing stand in
front of the White House. In spite of as
surances from the Weather Bureau that
the day would be clear. Old Boreas pro
ceeded to do his worst before the parade
was fairly begun. (Copyright 1905.)
JOHN ELFRETH W ATKINS.
the back, so to speak, and told him he
was the best ever. He also told him how
the bull on the adjoining farm was al
ways picking a fight with him and chas
ing him all over the pasture- The white
goat shook his head knowingly, evidently
entered Into some sort of an agreement,
and walked away.
"Two or three days later the goats met
again at the line fence, and to the aston
ishment of the farmhands the black vgoat
jumped over Into our pasture and our
white gdat jumped over Into the pasture
of the farm adjoining. No sooner had the
neighbor's bull set eyes on our goat than
he came for him like an Atlantic City
flyer. But Billy was ready and waiting,
and in just ten minutes he was the worst
walloped bull in ten counties.
"Billy did not return home at once, but
remained nearly a week, and kept the
bull licked day and night. Finally the
goats again met at the line fence, when
our goat received the undying gratitude of
the black goat, and both returned to their
respective homes.
"Oh, yes, animals think some, for you
notice that our Billy didn't tackle the job
of whipping- the neighbor's bull until he
had recovered from the first battle and
was fit for the fray." Philadelphia Tele
graph. Maxlne Elliott's Youthful Back.
New York Evening World.
A perfidious modiste has just revealed
the secret of Maxlne Elliott's young back
that svelte and bendable back which
preserves Its unimpeachable waist line in
the face of insinuating- avoirdupois with
an air of persistent youth. The true in
wardness of the marvel Is the abeence of
lacing up the spine. The corset fits like
a jacket In the back. Is long oyer thy
hips and laces on either side in front.
The result Is the smooth and uneorru
gated outline, which retains the sway with
the stay, so to speak. Tho yourtg back
Is verily-a possession greater than riches.
4