THE SUXDA.Y OHEGONIAX, POBTLAKD, JANUARY 59, 1905. . THREE STATES ARE UNITED BY LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION resources of the Pacific Northwest, but for promoting the broadest feeling of fraternity between these states. Gov ernor Mead said: 1 "When I received your Invitation to attend this dinner and to deliver a short address, I not only appreciated the honor you ex tended me, but I looked forward to the event with a great deal of personal satis faction. Your invitation testifies that the same fraternal feeling exists between these states that was cultivated in the earlier days when we were one. This event brings to my mind recollec tions of childhood. In my boyhood days the Oregon Country was a distant and mys terious , region, reputed rich in natural re sources, tald to have an abundauce of pre cipitation, and was - a land teeming with fctlrring stories of adventure that thrilled the heart of the average small boy. In my Kansas home there returned a friend of my father, who had been living for years in the Willamette Valley. Evening after even ing I used to sit and listen to blm as. he told stories of the country and its sturdy Inhabitants. I recall his telling of an old minister who lived and farmed in the Val ley. His name or particular place of resi dence I never knew, but his character al ways seemed to mo to stand for ploueor en durance. Our friend would tell of this old minister and the arduous labor he endured in caring for his flocks and herds; of how lie got up long before daylight, and stamped around in the mud and rain week in and week out. but riding off on Sunday to con duct services among his Christian followers. To a small boy who knew something of do ing chores around a Kansas farm this teemed the very acme of self-sacrifice and rigid devotion to duty. I used to admlru the old preacher, who was not content alona to minister to his flocks and herds on week days, but attended to the spiritual needs of his friends and neighbors on the Sabbath. With these leaves of memory fresh before me, I come to you tonight as the Chief Executive of a state having a population of more than 600,000, and I can assure you that it is with a feeling of pride that I meet you for the first time under these .cir cumstances, as I have had an ambition to know you better since those youthful days, and I know that my first impression of ad miration for your character will be strength ened by a closer acquaintance. The experience of the past two weeks has confirmed in my mind an Impression, which I long ago entertained, that when James K. Tolk won the Presidency on a "flfty-four-forty or fight" platform, and then backed down and allowed his Southern followers' and an English Ministry to dragoon him into an acceptance of the forty-ninth parallel as a settlement of the Oregon question, we not only lost a rich territory rightfully ours, but that statesmanship in the conduct of foreign affairs is of a much higher order in the present day than during the Folk period. I can assure you that I more keenly regret than ever before the loss of this ter ritory, because I am now denied the privi lege of appointing hundreds of notaries pub lic and of bestowing other personal and po litical favors among the people now yield ing allegiance to King Edward in the prov ince north of us which should have been a part of our national domain. Rivalry Causes Progress. We all realize that, so far as competition along purely commercial lines and among the large commercial establishments is con cerned, there is a degree of antagonism be tween tho cities of our respective states, but it is a healthy rivalry, and makes for that constant and keen progresslvcncsc that keeps a community abreast of the times. On higher and broader lines, however, there is a definite unity of Interest in Oregon and Washington in the upbuilding of the whole Pacific Northwest. In concrete form this is represented in the united efforts we are making through legislative bodies and com mercial organizations to bring about the improvement of the Columbia Ulver so that the commerce of the interior can have an unimpeded waterway to the sea. In the protection of the fisheries and the fishing industry one of our present chief resources we also are working in harmony. That same fraternal spirit animates us in all our efforts to facilitate and expand the sea-car-ring trade of the Pacific Northwest, ef forts which are constantly widening our markets In the Orient and in the countries to the south of us. Believing as we all do, and as we are Justified in believing by the history of commerce and by existing geo graphical conditions, that the' natural zone of inter-continental trado lies in our lati tude, rather than in the latitudes to the south, we are gradually bringing the world to a recognition of this fact. Another community of Interest if I may be permitted to borrow the phrase is In using all legitimate efforts to bring to the attention of homeseekers and prospective Peltiers the, resources and possibilities of tho Pacific Northwest. Here we should have a common ground. In both states there are much the same natural resources, magnifi cent and varied and capable of supporting a population many times greater than we have, while in climate and physical condi tions we are practically the same. It should be our purpose. Irrespective of state bound aries, to bring the resources and the ad vantages that we possess in common to the attention of dwellers in less favored regions, that they, may make their homes here and help us to develop the natural wealth con tained in our valleys and our mountains; our waters and our plains. Strong Reasons for Friendship. From a more sentimental viewpoint there are other reasons for strengthening the bond of friendship between us. Politically Wash ington is the offspring of Oregon, once a part of Oregon herself, and embraced in the region known for so long as the Oregon Country, and no artificial barrier should keep the people of the two states apart. The Lewis and Clark Exposition is a means not only for advertising our natural resources, but for carrying out the broadest feeling of fraternity between these states. As the Chief Executive of Washington I am glad to stand In a position where I can co-operate with the promoters and the man agement of the Exposition In carrying out their purpose. Our Legislature has appro priated generously for the state's representa tion at the Fair, while many counties, cities and commercial bodies in the state are pre paring for special exhibits that will worthily set forth their products and manufactures. Our people are animated by a desire to as sist you In making this the greatest expo sition ever held on tho Pacific Coast. You can count on Washington for loyal support and assistance in the praiseworthy task you have undertaken. I look for material ben efit to both states as a result of the Fair, but one of the most beneficial results that I expect to follow will be the development of a closer acquaintance and the ripening of a warmer friendship between our peo ples. Notwithstanding the present ability and productive capacity of our people to add wonderfully to the storehouse of the na tloi.'s products, under co-operation of the National Government with the state in the reclamation of arid lands and in the pro motion of vast schemes of irrigation, supple menting -the pystem which has achieved such remarkable results by private enter prise, we will soon more than double our contribution to the wealth of ,the world. Uncle 8amV Great Enterprise. Uncle Sam Is now placing his shoulder to the wheel In this great enterprise, and lm tneni tracts of land in Eastern Washing ton, new unproductive and barren of plant or animal life, will won be transformed Into hom. communities and municipalities; our Kpulatlon will be augmented by thousands and teHH of thousands of men who will pur chare and consume goods and merchandise iiom our merchants; men who will enjoy to th fullest the comforts and luxuries of modern American life; men who will build roadx and highways, schoolhouses. public lulldlngx and churches: men who in grave periods of our country's danger will cour ageously and patriotically defend our flag. This BeM f ondenvor even now almost f jrpw the wildest imagination of those v ho predicted the wonderful results that Vi-ld How froip the introduction of irriga tion when the state and nation Joined hands in eliminating from the map the barren plains of our great commonwealth. Great we now are. when the plans now outlined are consummated we will be able to fur nish to the werld of commerce and trade another Washington as great in its trade, population and citizenship as the one whch I now have the honor to represent. Many people perhaps reIde In this city or In this state who have watched our progress from the time our territorial population hardly equaled the population of the small eft nunty of the State of Oregon. We could nt hae achieved this remarkable progress within so short a period had we not been endowed with inexhaustible natural wealth, had we not had the benefit of a strong, lrllr and Industrious population engaged In driving the wheels of commerce, trade' and industry Let us hang upon the outer walls of vry lty village and hamlet In the States of Oregon and Washington the word "Wel come" to those who are seeking homes from the orerpopuiated centers of the East, and let us say to them:- "If you believe in good government and good citizenship; If you are wedded to the principles of American insti tutions; If you love our history and cherish the memory of those who helped to make it; if you are willing to toll and labor with an industrious people, welcome are you to our valleys and our plains, our cities and our villages!" To this class of citizens, and to none others, do we extend this greeting. "A' Glimpse of Past" Shows Progress George II. "Williams, Mayor of PortlnndfTclIa How Three Stat en Were Carved Ont of the Orego Country. - MAYOR WILLIAMS welcomed the visitors to Portland, and also spoke on the topic. "A Glimpse of tho Past." contrasting: the unexplored and undisturbed wilderness of the Oregon Country with the three states of Ore gon, "Washington and Idaho, all rap Idly growing in prospects and popula tion. Mayor Williams said; s Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: On behalf of the people of Portland and as their of ficial representative, it affords me pleasure to extend to our distinguished visitors a cordial welcome to this city. We are glad to have our neighbors come to see us and share our hospitalities. We want to estab lish and cultivate friendly relations with them. This is both pleasant and profitable. Conflicting personal and. local Interests are Inevitable between communities as well as Individuals, but the spirit of rivalry is not necessarily inconsistent with personal friend ship or social amenities. Washington. Idaho and Oregon are neighbors, and there is no reason why they should not be friends. Each is expected to prefer Its own interests where those interests conflict with the Interests of the others, but there are occasions when the interests of these states are almost iden tical, and the Lewis and Clark Fair Is an occasion of that kind. One hundred years ago the territory of these three states existed as an unexplored and undivided wilderness, under the name of the Oregon Country. No one. knows with certainty when or how this name originated, but its comprehensive descrlptlvenesa awak ened the statesmanship of Jefferson, and its deep and gloomy woods and majestic rivers inspired the poetry of Bryant. This Oregon Country, through the privations and perils of pioneer life, has brought forth three Btates of magnificent proportions. Oregon contains 96.000. Washington 09.000 and Idaho 81.000 square miles of territory. These are comparatively new states. Oregon was ad mitted into the Union in 1859. Washington in 1889 and Idaho In 1890. Each of these states has a natural capacity to support millions of people, but at this time the popu lation of Washington does not exceed 800, 000, that of Oregon COO.000 and that of Idaho 250,000. To develop the immense resources of these three great states an increase of population is required. To produce this result It is necessary that people elsewhere should have a knowledge of the advantages of living in these states. Each of them will have an opportunity at the Lewis and Clark Fair by Its exhibits and otherwise to Impart this knowledge to the hundreds of thousands of people who will visit that Exposition. These states, especially Oregon, have not grown as fast as might have been expected, chiefly because there has been a lack of correct information and a misunderstanding as to their inviting conditions. Some few statis tics will show what has been done In Oregon with its limited population. Our exports in 1903 amounted to the value or $11,120,000. consisting chiefly of cereals, flour and the products of our forests and fisheries;- our Imports amounted to $2,774,784. The value of the grain raised In Oregon in 1904 amounted to J10.34'i27C. The output of lumber was 1,405.000,000 feet. The flsh product, was worth more than three million dollars, and our manufacturing establish ments turned out products of the value of $52,000,000, and our mines are well up in the millions. These items of business Indicate what this state can and will do when It Is thickly settled, as It might and probably will be In a few years. Eastern states have many things in common with us. such as agricul ture, commerce and manufactures, but we have jomc things here conducive to the comfort and happiness of the people which not many of the Eastern states have. Our chief advantage over these states Is In our climate. Some variety In climatic condi tions is desirable, and these we have, with out extremes of heat and cold. The mean temperature of the month bf.July. 1904. in Portland, was 67 degrees, and the mean temperature of the month of December. 1904. was 43.3 degrees, and these are fair specimens of the average Summer and Win ter weather of this city. Cool winds from the north modify the heat of Summer, and warm winds from the south modify the cold of Winter. I have lived in Oregon for more than 50 years, and have never seen a cy clone or a blizzard during that time. There is a widespread and mistaken impression as to the rainfall in Oregon. As a general rule we have a good deal of rainy weather in the Winter, but very little In the Summer; but. taking all the -seasons of the year to gether, the precipitation here is not greater than in many other places. We have as much, if not more, rain In Portland than In any other part of Oregon, excepting, per haps, at some points on the ocean side of the Coast Range of mountains, and the an nual rainfall of this city as compared with some Eastern cities is as follows: Portland 39.8 Inches Boston 40,80 inches New York City 43.40 inches Atlanta 46.40 Inches New Orleans 40.00 Inches Our green fields at this season of the year testify to the moisture and mildness of our Winter climate. Oregon is highly favored with rail and water transportation. Three transcontinental railroads running '.hrough the state In different directions meet in Portland ocean-going ships from ell parts of the world. Oregon not only excrls many Eastern states in -healthtulness and salu brity of its climate, but in the Rrandeur and beauty of lis natural scenery. Moun tains and forests, lakes and rivers, hills and dales, and every variety of landscape, rich ness and beauty, diversify the face of the country, inducing the onlooker to say: "How has kind Heaven adorned this happy land. And scattered blessings with a wasteful hand." Oregon's Interest in Irrigation Watered Land "Will Provide Homes for Half a Million, Says Judge Stephen A. Lowell. JUDGE STEPHEN" A. LOWELL, of Pendleton, spoko on "Oregon's Inter est in Irrigation." declaring that tho National reclamation act is the most val uable piece of legislation which graces the statute books of the United State. Oregon, he said, has a million acres eas ily capable or irrigation and another mil lion that can also be irrigated, which would provide homes for 100,000 families, a halt million of people. Judge Lowell's address follows: 1 :x We are living in an irrigation iM. As the century Just closed witnessed the iraix of the world's commercial and mechanical de velopment, so the one now opening will mark the peopling of the waste places of the earth, the recession of the deserts. For unnumbered" generations Egypt waited for the coming of that mighty storage dam Just completed on the Nile, the noblest achievement of England's occupation of the land of the Pharaohs. It means the bene ficial use of flood waters, the end of, fam ines, prosperity for the lowly fellahln. and by reflex Influence better conditions through out the globe. This Is an era of large things; steam and electricity have brought the continents In touch. Britain's monumental work In Africa has found response In projects" to restore the canals of commerce and Irrigation In the abandoned valley of the Euphrates, to conserve the river floods of Southern Eu rope, to seek water for tho dry plains of Australia, and in comprehensive legislation to reclaim arid America. Next to the nomestead law. beneficent in Its season beyond estimate, the National reclamation act is the most valuable piece of legislation which graces the statute books of this Republic It elevates the matchless West and gives assurance that It Is coming to Its own; that here upon the Pacific Slope, where the majestic march of empire westward ceases for its final stand, -there shall be established the high est civilization vouchsafed the race Here will be solved the social and political prob lems of our day. because when the now waste waters are married to waste soils the resultant will be millions of rural homes for the landless hoards of the crowd ed East. Under the fruitful reign of the god of waters there will be accepted the maxim of small farms, well tilled, which shall be owned and occupied by men proud alike of American citizenship and family head ship. There ten acres will be enough, and bonanza farming, the present curse of all the West, will pass away. The once great American desert, of which a dozen states lay claim to part, will some day boast a population denser than any other portion of the Union. Its soil, largely of lava ash, containing the essential ele ments for most successful crop production. Its climate healthful. Its mountains filled with coal and copper, gold and silver, crossed and penetrated by the avenues of commerce between the oceans. It needs only the Impulse of Irrigation applied in equity and with a reach beyond the present to assure a civilization which shall b the model of the world. The rulers of a day, the "lawmakers of a year, will pass- across the stage and be forgotten, but the work of the engineers, the canals and reservoirs of the Irrigation systems which they shall establish upon the lakes and rivers, will last as long as waters run and earth produces. Upon this western coast the light of a new day is breaking. In that Isthmian water way which has been the dream of the cen turies will soon commingle the waters of two oceans. Upon that ancient continent where man was born he Is about to be born again into newer life and nobler aspira tions, and here must he the meeting place of the Orient and Occident, and the ex change centers of the world. As Boston. New York. Philadelphia and Baltimore have waxed in wealth and popu lation with the growth of the Eastern States and the commerce of the Atlantic, so Tacoma. Seattle. Portland and San Fran cisco are to increase with the new Pacific and the expanding West. There will be glory enough for all Jeal ousy must have no place. We have com mon Interests, common hopes, and In pass ing let me give 'for Oregon to the repre sentatives of the sister states here assembled a single sentiment paraphrased from his tory. Said Philip of France to Richard of England upon one of those crusades which, though seeming failures, resulted In a pil lar to Europe against the thralldom of the Saracens and embalmed. for later genera tions the seeds of education, personal lib erty and religious freedom, which are the bases of the civilization of our age. "Let there he no rivalry between the lilies of France and the lions of England, save that which shall carry us farthest Into the ranks of the enemy." So let there be no rivalry between these commonwealths of ours, save that which shall count most for homes and human happiness, for the righteousness and per petuity of this government of the people. Oregon, an emerald priceless In the dia dem of the Pacific placed In the zone of power, resting for 500 miles upon that ocean, indented with bays, some day to become Imposing harbors, with two great navigable rivers, a soil of marvelous- fer tility yielding In great abundance every product of the temperate zone, a climate euqable and healthy klsed by the balmy Chinook wind, an area double that of the Empire State, a veritable land of promise. Is least known of all the states. Nearly half a century old. she is virgin yet. awaiting only fame as bridegroom to fructify with wealth and people and In dustry nd power. As the god of nations withheld the Western world until the last that there might be the heritage of all that In best In the experience of the race, so Oregon for some mysterious purpose has been re served its the scene of the century's su premest effort. Upon a firm foundation her institutions have been established by a sturdy. God fearing and devoted people, and three thing only she requires for her forward movement; her great river open to the sea. a railroad crossing her center from the Snake River to the ocean, and the ap plication of her surplus waters to her arid lands. The first two of these requisites will assuredly follow the consummation of the last. Under the terms of the Federal irrigation law this, state is at once most imperial eon' tTibutor to its funds and most promising re cipient of its bounty. No portion of the vast region within the scope of the opera tions of that law presents such multiplicity of attractions in soil, climate and those productions essential to modern life as this peerls Jewel of the North Pacific. Possessed of timber surpassing any other state of" the Union, fisheries rivaling New England In her palmiest days, mines as rich a the Rand, fruit sought In the finest markets of all the East. Urestock of ever' character, unnumbered and Its best adorned with the bluest of ribbons, whcafilds ca pable of production which can feed a na tion, coal and water power sufficient for ever' Industry, lands of character Infinite in variety Impregnated with every element needed to assure abundant returns in every avenue of agriculture. Oregon can, be self supporting with 10.OO0.0C0 of Inhabitants. Comprising in land more than 60,000,000 of acres, one-third or which Is still In the public domain, with two-thirds- of her area within the semi-arid belt where ranges of lofty mountains send forth rivers flushing with Roods from melting snow, she offers an Ideal field for reclamation operations and the general Government has only waited proper local legislation to begin the work. Rarely falls such opportunity for public service, for the exercise of wise and far eeelng statesmanship, as has been given the legislators of Oregon at this time, the ex alted privilege to rise above petty Interests of men or locality, beyond the present to the plane of the great future of a. state. From waters easily available we have a BILLIARD-ROOM OF THE COMMERCIAL CLUB. million acres capable of facile irrigation, and as the science of artificial watering Is understood, another million acres can be added. They alone would mean homes for 100.000 families, a half million of people, for under the dominion of irrigation 5. 10. and 20-acre farms are the rule, valued at not less than $100 per acre, and often when highly Improved $1000 per acre. But with agricultural development that of other occupations Is commensurate: cities grow. Industries are established, commerce flourishes. The reclamation of semi-arid Oregon then would add td that portion of the state a million people and wealth untold. But In this movement this wonderful Val ley of the Willamette will Join for her own enrichment, and by use of Irrigation in the' drj season will double the value of her crop production, enhance the value of her lands, grow rich and populous, and the coast region will feel the Influence and reap Its share of resultant progress and prosperity. This effect would be immediate, a rapid resultant upon the application of water to the land. But behold the later; picture; a wilderness in bloom, the sagebrush and sand replaced with fruits and flowers: every valley now barren smiling with bappy homes, schools, churches and marts of trade, the broad ex panse where now Is the limitless range o the sheep king and the cattle baron teem ing with agricultural and Industrial life, water power developed, factories bullded. mines opened, steam and electric lines of transportation belting the state; 1.000.COO souls where now is bare 200.000, pouring the rich production of fertile acres and at tendant industries into this commercial cap ital of the state and seaports yet to come, for distribution throughout the world. When this portrait shall live In fact, as It will do, you of the West, forgetting a di viding mountain range, will strike hands with us In recognition of the blessings wrought, thankful that our generation has had a share In molding a perfect state. Commercial Bodies Have One Aim William D. "Wheelwright's Ad tlresH oa Their Co-Ope ration la Promoting; the Public "Welfare. WILLIAM D. WHEELWRIGHT, presi dent of the Chamber of Commerce, spoke as follows on "The Relations of Commercial Bodies." It Is a matter of much regret to me that I have not had time or opportunity to prepare a speech worthy of your attention, or at least asx nearly worthy of It as any effort of mine can be. I can therefore only ray a few words Informally on the relations between the com mercial organizations and the community. It Is 137 years since . the finrt Chamber of Commerce was organized In New Torfc. and the one In Glasgow followed It 15 yesrs later, both of them antedating the foundation of a like institution In London. Thus appears the significant fact that commercial organization Is essentially a creation of modern times. The early history of the human race Is com prised, an we know. In the three word, con flict, struggle, labor. It was the fight for ex istence that made man strong; It was the In dividual's effort for himself that developed his faculties, and this Individualism controlled man's action In trade, as It bad governed It In war (and business for many csnturles was very much like warfare), until. In what seems to us the fullness of time, when marvelous discoveries kept pace with equally marvelous Inventions, business b;gan to take on new aspects, and man realized that he was not alone: he comprehended the principle that when two parties enter Into transactions to gether both must benefit, or one of them mart stop trading, and out of this comprehension was evolved the system of working together for mutual protection. The First Chamber of Commerce. The organization of the first Chamber of Commerce In this country was simply and solely the remit of exactions levied on the trade and resources of the colonies by Great Britain, which had ordained that the citizens of the colonies could not export their products to any other -country than England, could not make Importations except through Englih merchants, could not"" do the Inter-colonlal carrying trade except in British ships.; were prohibited from manufacturing their raw prod ucts Into finished goods, and finally were es topped by a high tariff from exporting any BBBBBBBSSZb? SBBBBBBBaxaSS t LADIES GRILLROOM IX THE COMMERCIAL CLUB. j kind of grain or farm produce even to Eng land, vjonn nsite.j ise aseciauoa iu speedily it extended Itself Into a meaaa of de velopment as wen as ci protection, ana into the securing for all members of the community for the weak as well as for the strong equal rights, privileges and Immuni ties. Now it Is of the effect that this asso ciating of men together for the common good Vio. lmnn fh IntvMttat tt-nf T went to SDeak to you, not from a commercial or utilitarian point of view and therefore, perhaps you may think, not quite in sympathy with the alms and objects of this meeting. But harmony is made up of different tones, and I am sere that this one Is not discordant. trlbutlon to evolutionary science which Charles Darwin pronounced unique and original when ne poinica oui uiu cucci ui ujc Viuiuuft. period of Infancy on the individuals of the t...man tirvm tfiA ft,rlonmpnt of those qualities of human character that made ot man "the paragon of animals, the beauty of the orjd: so noble In reason, so Infinite In faculty. In action so like an angel. In apprehension so like a god." The Influence of the family (which Is In great measure the result of the long period of Infancy) was .iimni.t. h i virtnM nt Keif-restraint, ot thought for others, cf unselfishness in fact, of all the Signer qualities ot nuracnuy, hbo Influence of associations among men for mutual ami twnnt i nnwerful in the same direction. The finest gem Is Improved by attrition: tne cnaracter oi me ran iuwjucu, developed and restrained by association with his fellows. A man who may sometimes do a thing In secrecy, of which he has cause to v. - m ttatn to do that which will cause hla associates to be ashamed of him. And so. to sum up. the Influence of commercial bodies oa the community is to strengthen and broaaen tne cnaracier ui Individuals that roaice up coin. Work of the Chamber of Commerce. I had not thought to speak of local condi tions, or interests, but perhaps a word about the institution of which I have the honor to be the head and of its sister organization within whose hospitable walls we are now gauiereu together, may not be out of place. The m u rvvmrnn- han been true to the traditions and principles of Its predecessors; the mistakes that it has made have been the errors of youth and surplus energy, ana vii. nt thm have been disastrous to individuals, the result has been of incalcu lable benefit to tne city anu me wum:n.. community. In one Instance at least It may . . , ...i - .,kaa hotter- than thev knew. It has since been and now Is a conservative body, guarding the right and privileges of Its Individual xnensoera iu -- . ' ,,. nrivtWH of the commercial community, stimulating the development o.f the port, the river ana ot ico wunnjr needs a port and a navigable rlyr to achieve Its destiny. It welcomes as 1U coadjutor In the work this young ana powenui tlon ot the Commercial Club that Is doing i-- tnr. um raneral end. though bv different means and by the develop ment of other 'avenues and channels of In fluence and the two are working and will con tinue to work In perfect harmony for the VLr..flt ne th -ltv. the state and the entire PadTflc Northwest. The Interests ot all are Identical. H W Scott Speaks on "TheOutlook" Pacific Seaboard In to Be the Seat of Empire Equnl to That on the Atlantic. assisned to Mr. H. W. Scott, who spoko as follows: This theme doesn't require any fine rhetoric, nor any poet's eye In fine frenzy rolling. Sober view lends itself sufficiently to prophecy. The future Is In the 'past and In the present, and the movement has now gone so far that all may see the tendency. Our Pacific seaboard Is to be the seat of empire equal to that on the Atlantic Men yet living; men not yet old. have seen the Oregon Country develop from smallest be zlnnings to its present greatness. But its present greatness 1 only the promise of Its future. All tt multiplied resource . of Nature, through which great commonwealths are built -lip are present here In abundance. Hitherto the development has been slow: but now, fairly started, it will proceed with constantly accel erating rapidity. It has. Indeed, moved with marvelous rapidity hitherto. Compare achieve ment here, these CO 7eara, with the achlrve- ment of the first CO years from the beginning oi settlement on the Atlantic coast. How little was accomplished theie during this equal period; how much here1 Our Internal dcvelootnent will keen race with It; in many ways will outrun It. Pos3- onttles of production in these states are un bounded. In agricultural resources there Is n superior country. In Umber wealth, none equals It; In mineral wealth, none surpasses it J-or climate, our facinc States bear tne palm over all other narts of America. This tact is bnt Just now becoming known. 1 1 mtgnt enlarge on fruitgrowing and fisheries and water power, and the possibilities opened for water power through electrical science, hut it is needless. No part oi tne world at this moment Is so open to the opportunities of Intelligent labor as our Pacific States. We can best understand where we are by some retrospect of what we have been. This Is The fifty-third year of my residence In Oregon. Portland, when I first saw It. num bered perhaps eight hundred Inhabitants, and was- must the largest town in the Oregon Country. Outside the Willamette Valley there were very few settlers a few nendred in Southern Oregon and a few hundred at Puget Sound. To one who has not actual recollection of the conditions ot that period. It is next to impossiDie to form a conception or the narrw- neas of conditions, of the slowness and diffi culty of communication. And. .indeed, for a good many years afterward it was no better. It would have been pertinent, perhaps, had 1 told the railroad men last night how wa used to travel on foot all over this country for hundreds of - miles, invariably carrying a blanket for the night's sleep, but usually taking chances on obtalnnvent of food. 3Iy father made our first settlement at Puget Sound. Communication between the Columbia River and Puget Sound was by the Cowlitz trail, over which we trudged, waded and swam many a time. Between Rainier an9 Olympia X have consumed three weeks all tho time making utmost efforts to get on. In -the Fall of 1868 .1 had occasion to return to Oregon, and on the last day of September of that year set ont on foot from Olympia to Portland. I was Jest one week on the Jour ney, and I think I was the only passenger that week on the trail. Of course, "slept out" o' nights. Stephen Beater's Bide. This reminiscence is merely personal. Now let me give an historical example; At the beginning of the year 1S59 I was at Oregon City grubbing for roots under a tutor, -so I might read Horace and Homer, and sup porting myself by chopping cord wood, rna act that made Oregon a state bad been passed by Congress In the month of February in that year. Bat It was more than a month, before we could know of it. and when known it excited little Interest or attention. The news came to this Coast by way of Panama, and by steamer from. San Francisco to Port land. That steamer arrived at .rortiana one afternoon late in the month of March. At Oreron City the news that Oregon was a state did not arrive until nearly noon the next day. A few persons talked about It with a languid Interest, and wondered when the gov ernment ot the state would lie set In opera tion. Perhaps it would be another week be fore It could be known at the capital (Salem) that Oregon was now a sovereign state, and the pioneer Governor-elect, John Whlteaker. might not hear of It at his farm In Lane Countv for a month to come. An announce ment that now would be instantly made at every telegraph station and would call ionn the boom of guns and the peal or Delia, passea almost unnoticed. But It occurred to a young man at Oregon City named Stephen Senter that there were nersons at balem wno migni wish to have the news, so ae mounted a hnrw and t.rtel as messenger. At that time of the year It was not easy to ride. Molalla and Pudding Rivers were to be crossed, both urro nut over tha banks, and. needless to say, the mud was at Its worst. But this courier and herald of the state persevered, and after an effort ot 30 hours reached- balem witn me news. Naturally, the announcement was re ceived with more interest at the capital than elsewhere, for It meant that the state govern ment would supersede the territorial; but the nnt. i-r- ,vlnced little or no interest In It. and a letter from Salem printed In The Oregonlan. then a weekly paper, some ten days later, said the state arrived here on horseback last Wednesday afternoon, and that was all. is,, if .timiM not he inferred from the sim plicity of our manners of that time that ,T,.minn -srhleh had been made for our state was an immature work. It was a prod uct of preceding experience m pivcrumu., adapted to our times and conditions, sso ripe t it o comnlete. that It has answered our purposes ever since. Permanent principles are fixed In it. It contains little that could be called temporary, and that little passes ai- for what is unnecessary in constitutions and laws quickly becomes obeo- UTet life had its special attractions. Wo were content with Utile, ana were uuu i ,nt few wants. We were. I think. more cordial and hearty toward each other: for Intense devotion to our various purusults had not then thrown all the energies of each Into a single channel, and so to an extent separated us from each other, as now. True, webad to work to live, but each one felt that we had a little time for the Intercourse or social life. There Is not much of that sort of leisure now. Tet there might better be. Nature requires us to wor. um. - M'KINLEY'S FIRST PROMOTION Widow of Man Who Gave It Is Now Visiting in Oregon. 0K THIS 62d birthday of the mar tyred President, "William McKlnley. It 13 remarkable that the wife of the honored soldier, who gave Private "William McKlnley his very first promo tion In the "United States, should be a guest of Oregon. At Camp Chase. Ohio, in 1S61, shortly after his enlistment In the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer .Infantry, while yet a boy of 17. William McKlnley was recommend ed for promotion from private to the non commissioned rank of Commissary Ser geant, the very first upward step In a long "and honorable military career credited to the 24th President of the United States. The man who recommended younsr Mc Klnley for this first promotion was the late Captain J. W. Skiles. of Company C, Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, then In command of the company at Camp Chase, before Its departure for the front. While this article Is being read in Ore gon homes, the aged wife of Captain, afterward Colonel allies, who started William McKlnley off his upward career In the Army. Is visiting her sons, E. C. and J. W. Skiles. Jr., in this city, and on this birthday of the martyred Presi dent recalls ids kindly spirit and undying friendship. Young McKlnley was one of the very youngest members ot the regiment, the famous Twenty-third, which did such gal lant service In the terrible days of the struggle, and as such, he attracted the attention of Captain Skiles, and the friendship then formed. In the beginning of the war, while the flower of the land was being plucked for the defense of the Union, was only broken when death claimed McKInley's old Captain In 1SIM. Captain Skiles was a veteran of the Mexican War. having served under Gen eral Winficld Scott during the entire war. being present In every battle and enter ing the City of Mexico with the victori ous army on September 14, 1E47. When the first call for volunteers was issued In 1S61. J. W. Skiles was -one of the first men to respond to the .call, and organized a company at Gallion, O. Soon after his company was mustered in and sent to Camp Chase, where he recruited for the front, in August, 1S62. being or dered to Maryland, where the regiment V.H3 engaged in the Battie of South Moun tain, on September 14. 1852, the anniver sary of the entrance of the American Army Into the City of Mexico. At the Battle of South Mountain Cap tain Skiles lost his left arm. near the shoulder, and was taken to the hospital. Here he was separated from his com pany, and Private McKlnley, although he followed the succeeding career of the young soldier with pride and Interest. Captain Skiles was promoted to the rank of Major on his recovery, in Decem ber, 1862. and made Provost Marshal of Columbus. O . a position which he faith fully held until the close of the war, re cruiting for the front In that time more than 80.000 soldiers. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel at the close of the war. At the Battle of South Mountain, atccr bJs Captain bad lost an arm and had been punishing excesses In that direction, too. 1Z she does it in no other way. ehe makes suc cess itself useless, for her wreath often covers hair that has grown gray, and fame comes when the hearts It should have thrilled aro numb. The greatest of all moral writers has said. "They lose the world who buy It with much care." Many are yet living who have seen the wool that made the family clothing carded .and nlng-wheel and the loom. Indispensable- por tions ot the domestic plant, occupying a, largo part of the space In a small cabin; who havo seen the dyepots standing In the chimney cor ner at the open fire. Where, the meals of th family were cooked; who have been members of households where every part of, the work; lar way with clocklike regularity the man agement of crops, the care of animals, the Af n .v. . .tiHni, 'mMtt and at tention to all the arts and duties of independent each family supplied its own wants. and prisfs us now to think how few things were necessary. Out ot this mode of lire we have passea, oc cause we could not remain In It- New con ditions nave grown up aro una us. to- wmcu. of necessity, we conform. Society Is In . ma ImV KniV ta the past for instruction, we accept the present with an eager, nut unoennea. expectation. talk of successive generations of men. but. looking at society in a mass, the generations do not come and go. One unites with an other, and there Is no line of separation. But the whole living organism to which We belong is carried rorwara oy impulses inat the laws of its own existence. The changes are assumed only by degrees, and not with abruptness; they come as a cumulative effect, v.t iin rfo rannnt ahtrl or remain In any state of fixity, but must pass on. Familiar as I am. ana auring a iuns have been, with the growth and progress of the Oregon Country, and. indeed, of all our Pacific Coast States. I am yet. upon reytew of this growth and progress, astonished al what has been accomplished, within the period of my own observation. We who observed tha slowness of the growth, during a long period of time, could not Imagine we should live to see what we have seen; and yet all that here tofore has been accompnsnea i to the prospect that opens before us. in dustry and production are the factors ot our material progress. In peace, as Iron and go.a are the two main nerves of war. Industry, opeating on the resources of Nature. In a coun try so favored as ours, will do all things. "Labor omnia vlnclt" remains as true as In the olden time, and truer; for man now U atile to make the forces ot Nature serve nun in Innumerable ways formerly unknown. Paclfio Coast States linked Together. Our states of the Pacific Cc.-st are linked together in a common Interest. Together they have risen: together they still will rise and grow. Forces within them and without them, whether similar or common. not. all work; toward the same end. Industry, production, and commerce are at work with more than the hundred hands of Brlareus. Note our situation on the Paciflo seaboard Note also that the changes of recent times have virtually made the Pacific, an American sea. The active theater of the world's new effort is now in Asia and Western America. The two hemispheres heretofore in communi cation only across the Atlantic, are now rapia ly developing an Intercourse over the Pacific Many steamships, and an Increasing number, on regular lines, now sail between our Pacific ports and the ports of the Orient, and ot "tramp" steamers and sailing vessels a large and continually growing fleet. Pressure or Russia and ot other nations upon China, and Japan Is creating a prodigious activity, and. Is sure to result la vast transformations .thtre. England. Franca and - Germany have their apheres of active influence In that same enor mous field. We are In touch, then, with a movement that Includes more than one-halt the human race. "We are In the Philippine Islands ourselves, an Incomparable station for observation and commerce. Participation in the results that are to come from the trans formation of the Orient wih ne had through the ports of our Pacific States the way sta tions en route to lands across the Pacific. Of this mighty development now Just begin ning to appear, our country should take all proper advantage. It means a commerce on the, Pacific which will rival that of the At lantic It means mighty Industrial and com mercial progress for our states of the western side of the continent. Where now are four millions of people there may be fifty raUlloiw by the close of this century, with every kind of Intellectual and moral development com parable with the material prosperity. I shall not attempt statistical detail of the growing Industry and commerce of the gjea. Pacific Northwest. Such detail Is printed In. appropriate places, and Is to be consulted ax leisure. It requires art and genius, too. to make statistical detail attractive, and. per haps, oven art and genius have never suc ceeded In doing It. But, from review of the past and observation of the present, we may see the promise or the future. Like the old Welsh bard wl.n all the past Impressed upon his soul and look ing dowVthe historical vista to a wonderful future, one may echo the exclamation: "Visions of glory, spare my aching sight; Te unborn ages, rou not oa my gum- carried from the field, McKinley earned his second promotion by an act of per sonal bravery, which was one of the proud accomplishments on the Twenty third on that day. During the hottest of the terrible light at South Mountain, the Twenty-third Ohio became separated from Its commissary wagons and the soldiers of the regiment were famishing In the hot sun and hard fighting, when McKlnley. who was then non - commissioned Commissary Ser geant, ordered the driver of the wagon to go to the regiment In a distant part ot the battlefield, where the fighting was hottest, so the boys could be supplied with coffee. The driver refused to face the peril. McKlnley ordered him off the wheel horse, and himself mounting in tha driver's stead, rushed the commissary wagon across the field, through flying: shells and screaming cannon ball, and, reaching the Twenty-third In safety, re vived the worn-out soldiers with hot cof fee. For this act of bravery. McKinley was promoted to the rank ot Second Lieuten ant. In 1S63 he was made First Lieuten ant, the following year he was made a Captain, and on March 13, 1S63, he wa3 breveted a Major for bravery on the field. After the war was over the friendship between then Colonel Skiles and Major McKlnley was revived. In all the suc ceeding years, until the death of Colonel Skiles, In Denver. Colo., on April 6. 1S94. Major McKlnley was a warm friend and admirer of the sturdy old soldier who gave him his first promotion. Colonel Skiles remained In the service of the Government until hi3 death, having Berved various departments, his last po sition being that of special timber In spector In the states of Idaho and Wash ington. Mrs. Skiles Is proud of the achievements of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer In fantry. In which her husband and Major McKinley won distinction. Its first col ors were presented to l.t on Its departure for the front. In ISol, by General John C. Fremont. Rutheford B. Hayes, after ward President of the United States, was Major of the regiment on its depature from Ohio for the front, and Stanley Matthews, afterward Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States, was a Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. Mrs. Skiles remembers Major McKinley as soldier, statesman, civilian and Presi dent, and in all of those high stations which he so ably and conscientiously filled he was ever the same genial, loyal, brave, kindly, steadfast man and friend. BERT HUFFMAN. Pendleton. Or. Comprehensive Child Training. Rev. William S. Gilbert, of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, will speak befo.ro. the Home Training Association. Thurs day. February 2. at Toting- Women's Christian Association rooms, at 3 o'clock. on "Comprehensive Child Training." His address will be on the duty, scope, limitations and discrimi nating the special needs of special training". All are welcome to attend. Mamma Now, Elsie, dear, what Is a cat? Elsie Dunno. Mamma Well, what's that funny little animal that comes creeping up the stairs when everyone's In betiT Elsie (promptly) Papa. Illustrated Bits,