THE.. J3UNDAY. . OKEGONIAtf, . PORTLAND,. DECEMBER 18,- 190.
tic the objections, wnicn unrenecung i way ot going to iws piutc. xuo -ww
and self-interested men opposeVto the from Boston, to an individual grown
enterprise. Say they, there are extensive person, wno 30ms a company n ui, pruu
tracts of -wild lands, this side or tne amy, hot. exceeu. u.
Rocky Mountains. The Indians are hos
tile and will tomahawk the settlers.
Hardships and privations will attend
every stop of the expedition, and be made
the suffering lot of young and old,
through the first generation. These ob
jections are futile they arc delusive,
and are calculated to perpetuate the
wants and hard fortune of many, who
might secure to themselves and poster
ity permanent blessings, in a healthful
and productive country.
The first objection is answered, under
the head of general remarks. Let those
occupy the vacant lands of the "West, and
take remedies for the fever and ague,
v.ho will. Let the reflecting and provi
dent man choose the country where
something more than fertile soil is found.
The means of securing health and prop
erty, and generally, the comforts of life,
will determine his choice.
The other objections are likewise delu
sive, and are made, without any knowl
edge of the mild and friendly disposition
of the Oregon Indian of the resources
of that country; or of the facilities and
ease by which the expeditions may be
effected.
The agent of the society has given
these subjects many years of patient Jn-
lestigatlon, and does not hesitate to
avow a greater confidence in the faith and
Iriendshlp of those red men than of the
white savages who infest our communi
ties, and he rejoices at the brightening
prospects of joining, with his tender wife
and children, the expedition,-and o set
tling for life. In the Oregon territory.
Truo It is that the direful , calamities
may attend the march of the emigrants,
or the most awful visitations of provi
dence await the settlement. Its villages
may be rocked into ruins by exploding
earthquakes, or burled in lava by flooding
volcanos.
The strong and massy pillows of the
beautiful temple of American liberty may
he thrown down, the infuriated frenzy of
a deluded people may here spread the
desolations of civil war. Freedom may
bo exiled, and her few faithful votaries
enrolled on bills of mortality. These
fearful days may come and have passed
away, before the inhabitants of Oregon
experience tho misfortunes of a bad coun
try, the hand of savage cruelties, or the
retributions of an offended God.
Indians.
The first 90 miles of the banks of the
Columbia River are occupied by eight in
dependent tribes of Indians, numbering
about 000 souls; these Include about 1000
male adults, who are truer in the ex
cellence of" moral integrity are more
hospitable to strangers and less disposed
to quarrel than those on the eastern side
of the Rocky Mountains. They are fond
of the society of white men, and will
long continue to appreciate, and prompt
ly to reciprocate honest and fair dealing.
Nothing is more remote from the inten
tions of the society than to oppress
them, or to occupy their lands without
making ample and satisfactory remuner
ations. So far from this, it is desired, that
rach head of a family receive a lot of
land. That the Chlnnook tribe be locat
ed on the back lots, in the seaport town,
where they can bo instructed and en
couraged In cultivating garden grounds,
and where schools can be opened for
their children, etc
Route.
The emigrants will bo embodied at St
Louis, and under conductors best ac
quainted with the country. They will lay
their route westerly, to the Great Platte,
up that river to its source, making the
transit of the mountains through a low
depression, probably to the waters of
t!i Multnomah, and down that river to
th place of destination.
Under this head, it is only necessary
to add a few remarks from the testimo
nials of Messrs. Smith, Jackson and Sub
lette, and Mr. Pllchor, given to Congress,
last Winter. These first gentlemen ob
serve that "on tho 10th of April, 1830, a
i-aravan of ten wagons, drawn by five
mules each, and two dearborns, drawn
by one mule each, set out from St. Louis.
"We have 81 men in company, all mount
ed on mules. Our route was nearly duo
west to the western limits cf the state,
and thonce along the. Santa Fee trail
about 40 miles, from which the course
was some degrees north of west, across
the waters of the Kanzas, and up the
Great Platto to tho" Rocky Mountains,
and to the head of "Wind River, where it
issues from tho mountains. Here the
wagons could have easily crossed the
mountains, it being what is called the
Southern Pass, had it been desirable.
For our -support, at leaving the Missouri
settlements, until wo should get into
tho buffalo country, we "drove 12 head of
cattle, besides a milch cow. Eight of
these only being required for use before
wa got to th buffaloes, the others went
on the Platte, about 350 miles from the
white settlements, and from that time
lived on buffaloes, the quantity being in
finitely beyond what we needed."
Mr. Pilcher remarks that the most er
roneous ideas prevail on the practica
bility of crossing tho Rocky Mountains.
'I havo been," says he, "familiar with
these mountains, for three years, and
have crossed them often, and at various
points "between the latitude 42 and 54. I
have, therefore, the means to know
something about them, and a right to
oppose my knowledge to the suppositions
of strangers. I say. then, that nothing
is more easily passed than these moun
tains. Wagons and carriages may cross
them in a state of nature without diffi
culty, and with little delay in the day's
Journey. Some parts are very high, but
the gradual rise of the country in the
vast slope from the Mississippi -to the
loot of the mountains makes a consider
able deration without perceptible in
crease, and then the gaps or depressions
let you through almost upon a level.
This is particularly the case opposite the
head of the Platte, where I crossed in
1827. I havo crossed here often, and al
ways without delay or difficulty!"
Having reached the navigable waters
of tho Columbia, boats will be construct
ed to complete the emicration.
Expedition.
Induced to believe that the Govern
ment of the United States, in prospect of
the National benefits which must inev
itably accrue from the settlement, will
sustain a part or the whole of the ex
pense of the enterprise, the society have
deferred the departure of the expedition
till tho last of March next, and they
await with no ordinary solicitude such
measures as the wisdom of Congress may
adopt -on their memorial. The emigrants,
resolving to remain citizens, and to en
gage in no unlawful pursuits in Oregon
giving great value to its fertile tracts,
and otherwise promoting the interests of
tho Republic, have a rightful claim on
her for protection; but it will not con
cern the settlors whence comes protec
tion, or the means of accomplishing the
objects of the enterprise whether from
Congress or private munificence.
Emigrants are required to defray their
own expenses to St. Louis, and after
that to provide with all necessary amis,
knapsacks, blankets and private car
riages. Females and children must be
provided, at the time of starting, with
covered "horse wagons, containing each
a bed and two or more blankets. From
St Louis they will be subject to no other
expense than the above named, and in
Oregon, will receive gratuitously, a land
ed estate of great value.
Orders will be given in due time for
assembling in Portland. Me.; Portsmouth
and Conoord. N. H.; Boston. Worcester
and Springfield, Mass.; Bennington,' Vt;
Albany. Buffalo, Detroit and New York,
N. Y.: Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore. Md.;
Washington City, etc All persons are
requested to continue their accustomed
business till said orders. At these, and
other places, companies will be formed;
captains being appointed to the command
of very 50 male adult persons, the emi
gration will then commence, by the most
prapUoable routiss to tho aforesaid place
of goneral rendezvous. It is left optional
with 'the emigrants to choose their own
No person has yet been selected to fill
any office, la the civil department; nor
will any, till after the general orders lor
assembling, when elections will be made.
entirely on the ground of personal merit
No person will be deemed eligible to an
office in the government or in tho mili
tary, to a captaincy or a higher rank,
who'has not received a good common ed
ucation, is not proprietor of one or more
shares In the stock, and does not give
oath or affirmation to support the Con
stitution of the United States and the
constituted government of the Oregon
settlement Suitable and pious chaplains
will accompany the expedition.
The government of the expedition, from
St Louis, will be military, deprived, how
even, of much of its asperity and arbi
trary discipline, by the mild reform,
which virtue, refinement and female pres
ence conspire to produce.
At this place the business of organiza
tion will be completed. The covenants.
referred to in the certificate will be exe
cuted. Baggage wagons loaded with pro
visions, and tents including fly tents,
each of which will be sufficiently large
to spread over six small wagons, and
camp furniture will be provided. A drove
of cattle will be purchased and taken
along, for occasional supply.
No private property, other than wear
ing apparel, military equipments and pro
visions can be admitted into the public
baggage wagons. Merchandize, machin
ery, property and effects of any kind can
be transported on a. reasonable freight
In vessels, which will be provided for
this purpose. Notice will be given when
and where store houses will be opened
for the reception of the above articles.
Funds.
DR. ALFRED R. WALLACE A SPIRITUAL!!
The Great English Scientist Permits an Interview on Vital Topics of the Day.
the Hearth"? Xrd not Charles Dickens do
the same when he used cariyics tuswry
of the French Revolution In the writing
of the 'Talo of Two Cities'? Have not
other novelists shot the weft of fact into
tennf of fiction, and have they thereby
wronged the principles of imaginative lit
erature? What of George Jbliot in uia-
Two hundred thousand dollars stock,
and certificate money' (see page IB) and
all such donations, contributions and
subscriptions, as benevolent and public
spirited. Individuals may make, will con
stitute the funds of the society. The
following is an extract of a report raado
by a committee, charged with the subject
of devising and reporting the most ef
fectual means of carrying Into operation
the great purposes of the society:
"They have attentively Investigated the
objects of the enterprize, and among the
first results of their enquiry Is a clear
conviction that the time is near at hand,
and advancing in the ordinary course of
providence, when the Oregon country
shall be occupied by an enlightened peo
ple, skilled in the various improvements
of science and art A people, thus en
lightened and skilled, and enjoying the
advantages of a climate, soil and mar
kets, as good in their kind, as the earth
affords, and other natural means, which
mostly contribute to the comfort and
conveniences of life energized and
blessed by the mild and vital principles
of the American Republic, and the sacred
ordinances of the Christian religion, must
be prosperous and happer.
A settlement carrying on a trade and
commerce commensurate with the wants
of that population composing the nations
von the islands, and on the borders of
the great Western ocean, and maintain
ing a friendly Intercourse with them,
must advance in a degree of prosperity,
unexampled in the history of nations.
From the plenitude of its own resources
it will soon bo enabled to sustain its
own operations, and will hasten on In its
own majesty, to a proud rank on the
earth. Then will it richly reward the
kindness, that helped it into existence.
With these views, your committee would
suggest the following plan, of stock, and
means of operations viz.:
Let a portion of the funds of the so
ciety constitute a capital sock of 5200,000.
to be divided Into shares of $100 each, and
to be raised by loans. Bach share en
titling the proprietor thereof to 160 acres
of land, as set forth in the certificate of
Htock the lots are to be numbered and
determined according to the rules and
plan of division expressed In the by-laws
7 LFRED. RUSSELL WALLACE is
j regarded since Herbert Spencer's
' ' death as England's foremost sci
entific thinker. Dr. Wallace may not bo
so well known as Spencer was In cer
tain circles, but beyond doubt he 13 one
of the men- who has exerted a great In
fluence on the thought of this century-
Nearly everyone you meet will tell you
that he has heard of Alfred Russell Wal
lace, but public conception of just what
the well-known scientist has accom
plished Is more or Ips vague. This Is
a day when a man is nothing if not self
advertising. He has to keep constantly
before the public, either through the me
dium of the press, or else through soma
particular contrivance of his own for cap
turing public notice.
Dr. Wallace Is not an advertising "sci
entist," and It is as difficult to draw him
out about himself as It would he, to ex
tract the proverbial "Leviathan with a
hook."
The personal life of Alfred Russell Wal
lace is extrcmoly interesting. What first
brought him Into public notice was the
fact that he anticipated Darwin in an
nouncing the theory of the origin of spe
cies. The story of this first announce
ment of the famous theory is quite remarkable.
In 1858 Wallace was in New Guinea and
had made a study of the Inhabitants of
the Malay Archipelago and written books
of travels on the Amazon. He paid very
close attention to the study of natural
selection and made a vast number of ex
periments. During this year he wrote a
treatise on natural selection and for
warded it to Sir Charles Lyell, then pres
ident of the Royal Society. He asked
Sir Charles to show his paper to Darwin.
When Darwin Tead the document he
was thunderstruck to find that every one
of his ideas with reference to the origin
of species was mlntttely set forth by Dr.
Wallace, and elaborately gono into. As
a matter of fact, Dr. Wallace absolutely
took the wind entirely -out of Darwin's
sails and the. latter had to publish his
book on the "Origin of the Species'.' 20
years before he intended giving It the
light of print
Dr. Wallace's Simple Personality.
It might well be imagined that a man
of such intellectual grasp as Dr. Wallace
who could anticipate Darwin's pet
theory, and who, from his earliest chlld
hnnri. hnd thoucht scientifically on the
down' and married the eldest daughter of
"William Mitten, the well-known botanist
"I very soon became tired of the -terrible
life, and it seemed to me that London
and all the great cities of the world were
becoming more congested every year and
that city life was becoming more and mora
Intolerable. I went In 1S71 to live In the
country and nothing could now Induce me
to return to city life.
"I am of .the opinion that the life most
people-live today in these modern cities is
absolutely false not false In that it is not
true or deliberately deceitful, but false 1n
the fact that it is not the life conducive to
human hannlness. I have traveled a great
deal, notso much because I cared for
travel a3 jecause I have wished to study
conditions of life In various countries. I
am an advocate ot what Is called the
'simple life,' arid I believe that a strong
reaction Is setting in toward a return to
more healthful conditions.
"Yes, .you plight say," continued Dr.
Wallace, with a smile, "that I am a So
cialist I am a great admirer of Robert
Owen,, the wonderful Lanarkshire cotton
mill man. There has been a very strong
movement In England within the last ten
years to building what are called Garden
Cities, and there is ono on foot now which
promises to be very successful. Some of
the very strongest financiers of this coun
try are backing the movement and It
has crown Into being from the efforts of
Mr. Howard, who, by the way, was first
Influenced by the famous American, .d
ward Bellamy.
"I do not know of any book," said Dr.
Wallace, "which has had so strong an
aside entirely from these considerations,
I maintain that the theory of evolution
does not account for many of the mental
attributes of man.
"It does not account for our wonder
ful mathematical, musical or artistic fac
ulties. Who can" claim that man has got
these endowments from some lower ani
mal which never possessed an inkling of,
them?
"Many ot the lower animals. It is true,
display a much finer physical, or "muscu
lar development than man docs. They
are gifted with greater agility and en
durance, perhaps, and undoubtedly- we
have derived from them a great many of
our physical attributes But who can
reasonably say that we are indented to
any of the lower animals for our high In
tellectual faculties? The'gulf whlcfc sep
arates the ant from Newton, the ape
from Shakespeare, the parrot from Isaiah,
cannot be bridged by the struggle ior
existence. To call the spiritual nature
of man a 'by-product, developed by us In
our struggle for existence, 13 a joke too
big for this little world. It was on this
verr DOlnt that I differed irom uarwm.
and It Is on these points that, I cannot
meet the modern materialists who say
that man Is merely an animal ana tnere
la nothing for him beyond the grave.
Slaps at Materialists.
It Is all very well." continued the doc
tor, "for us to try to account ior tne spir
it on a mere material basis, and It may
be very satisfactory to some people who
do not seriously consider the subject: but
If the soul has come Into being from
bom into thl, worn oI; w.th : a,d
tMhniatfnna arm pvprv liuau uuiu t , .
l,.uuiu.vs... .. , 1 I V,w nn,.nll,s n nm-DTs tTTfUT and
Influence on social conditions In England j what Is popularly termed 'the struggle for
as 'Looking Backward.' existence' how Is It that in this very
"While the making of money contributes struggle for existence we meet dally with
undoubtedly toward creature-comfort and n,nnle who are making self-sacrifices, ex-
all that, at the same, time life In modern hlbltlng wonderful heroism and disinter
cities really destroys the spiritual in
man.
A Pronounced Spiritualist
'Of course, I am a Spiritualist." said
Dr. Wallace, half apologetically, "but not
In the popular sense of the term. I be
lleve that there Is a great deal to be
learned along lines of legitimate psychol
ogical research, and I am of opinion that
many students who are pursuing tneso
studies earnestly will, before very long,
arrive at some very startling truths,
"Most scoffers will tell you that all of
this talk Is entirely speculative, but the
well-attested experiences of hundreds of
people cannot be so lightly set aside.
"It was on this very point of the exist
ence of spirit that I differed so largely
from Mr. .Darwin. Darwin implied
that the nature of man his mind and his
eoul tif he had one, according to Dar
win) were derived from the lower ani
mals. Just as the body was so derived.
deepest questions of the day would not while Darwin. did not deny the action of
be content to rest In an obscure position
In this wonderful age.
When the writer first asked Dr. Wal
lace for an Interview he rather expected
to meet a decrepit old man, bearing heav
ily the weight of his SI years. Dr. Wal
lace is now living in a beautiful little
village near Broadstone, in Kent one of
England's "choice spots, about five hours'
rifin snuth'iast from London. The Wal
lace place is called "The Old Orchard,"
so named from the fact that before Dr.
Wallace located there the place was the
scene of a famous orchard. In the midst
of which Dr. Wallace has built his villa.
It was a driving rain storm on tho day
appointed for the Interview, hut Dr. Wal
lace walked over from his house, a dis
tance of nearly a mile, to meet the Inter
viewer at-, the railway station. He Is a
tall, broad-shouldered, angular, 10ns
bearded. blue-spectacled, pale-faced,
slouch-hatted v old man. He wears shoes
that seem twice too big for him, with
heavy soles, well suited for cross-country
walking. His clothes seem too com
modious for his frame, and he Is Inclined
to old ones. Everything aDout mm ex
the first cause most people think Darwin
was an atheist but they do not under
stand his work at tho same time he be
lleved that the man's physical and men
tal structure developed from the struggle
for existence,, and that even the lntellec
tual nature proceeded from the lower ani
mals.
"My argument has always been that tho
mind and the spirit, while being Influ
enced by the struggle for existence, have
not originated through natural selection
It is unscientific to believe that there Is
only one single cause for every effect
"For' hundreds of years It was believed
that the surface of tho earth, with all
Its beauty, was caused by volcanic action
by wind, Xrost rain and rivers. Most peo
ple admit this, but scientists had to point
out that the action of glaciers was also
a cause of the molding of the earth's sur
face. After the glacier theory was ad
vanced all tho old theories had to take a
back seat It Is the same with evolution
It accounts for a great many things, but
there is "Jl limit to Its application. Evolu
tion Is extremely Interesting and men
fasten on It as the only explanation for
ested affection live men and women of
the day, who are actually spending tneir
existence for the sake of others?
If every one is merely engaged in tne
rif;rKrtfi strtitrcle for existence, "wnj
should any member of the humanNfamlly
try to help along or support anyDuay
dsn? '
Evolution can account well cnougn ior
the landgrabber, the company promoter,
tii tnwt and the sweater, but It falls to
account for Raphael and Wagner. Swed-
enborg, Newton. Florence Nightingale or
Catherine Booth. The world has been
moved far more by spiritual forces than
by material and selfish ones.
"Neither Darwin nor mioses nas yet con
nnered mankind. Life, with its mysteries
of consciousness and personality, is sun
the dumninrr jrround of theories ana
dreams. Until science has demonstrated
the existence of tho soul man approaches
Death with an open mind.
Most people are afraid oa the term
'spiritualism, but I mean It as the science
of the spiritual nature of man and cer
tainly a science like that deserves an
equally Important place as chemistry or
geology, or anatomy, or any otner ot tne
studies. It seems to me a very illogical
stand for people to shy off simply be
cause something Is spiritualistic
Dr. Wallace began walking up and down
the room and talking In a very serious
strain.
'I hold that the existence of the soul
and the presence of consciousness beyond
the crave have already been proved. It Is
because scientific investigations of real
spiritualists have been confounded in tho
popular mind with the imposture or cnar
latans that lndlscrlmlnatlng people regard
spiritualism as more or less of a fake. An
honest and unoiased examination of all
the facts which have been gathered by
modern psychologists would certainly
open the eyes of even the most doubtful
of all the Thonfases.
"The attitude of sclenco on the existence
of spiritualism has been more or less un
reasonable. Tho so-called scientific minds
of the day have really been unfair
spiritualistic research. They do not admit
wTiil SXn WfLc1 J?-eii I 3 presses comfort simplicity and genuine- I all the manifold mysteries with which .psychology as a practical science, al
"It, " Vll .vf,7 ness. He doesn't put on any "side, as they are confronted. though there is as much evidence on the
and common property and revenues of
the settlement the emigrants convenant
ing with the society before embarkation,
that all debts incurred directly or indi
rectly, for the benefit of the settlement
to the full amount of said stock, shall
be paid in the manner aforesaid.
Your committee would also suggest the
propriety of raising funds by donations
and subscriptions, to meet specific pur
poses In the Oregon Country. Let one
be called the education or Indian fund,
and another called the religious fund.
Form of caption to the abovo funds:
The Religious Fund.
"Voted By the American Society for
encouraging the settlement of tho Ore
gon Territory, that all moneys or prop
erty given to the religious fund shall be
held in trust by the society, and for such
specific objects as .shall meet the views
or -intentions of the donors or subscribers
to be delivered'" to any person or per
sons, whom a majority of the emigrants
of their rellglus order may select.
The Educational Indian Fund.
VotedBy the" American Society for en
couraging the settlement of the Oregon
Territory, to solicit from munificent In
dividuals of the public, funds for the
purposes of building scboolhouses, and
educating Indian children, in the Oregon
Settlement
It is believed that little or no stock In
the American market Is based on better
Becurlty, and none that offers to capi
talists an opportunity for more profitable
investments. Its par value cannot be de
preciated by tho contingency of ill suc
cess of the enterprise, for, in that possi
ble event every dollar of the stock" will
be refunded, the same being on hand
either in money, or In public property.
There are, at present, no salaries paid
to Its officers by the society, and but few
expenses occurring to consume any part
of its funds; nor will they occur In any
considerable amount till the commence
ment of the expedition, which will re
move the possibility of a failure. It will
be noticed that each emigrant at the
time of-or before leaving St Louis will,
personally, enter Into a special covenant
with the society, making liable for the
payment of this stock all common -property
and revenues of the settlement; and
It will be purther noticed that the pro
prietor of each share make take, in lieu
of the money covering the principal and
interest of the share. 360 acres of land.
valued from ?500 to 550jG per lot subject
to no taxes till tho expiration of five
years land which may be owned by any
citizen of the United States, resident in
any country, and may be sold or occu
pied by his children at a future period,
when possibly the same shall be situated
in theUnldst of a dense population. It is
destlrable that emigrants, as far as they
have the means, should be the owners of
stock.
Viiv rrv In Encland
Dr. Wallace walks with a brisk step, and
talks most naturally about common,
everyday topics. For InstanA, the rais
ing oX chickens has taken up a good deal
of his attention, and he could give most
chlckenralsers pointers on Just how to get
the best results.
Politics, the latest war, the most recent
discoveries, everything but society gossip,
seem to interest Dr. Wallace. He Is not
ono of those long-haired scientists who
cannot talk on anything but protoplasm or
Hertzian waves.
Although Dr. Wallace Is a very disun
"Evolution Is true In part." said Dr.
Wallace, "but It doesn't account by any
means for all the facts.
"I am a Spiritualist who believes that
there Is something In man which Is Infi
nite, and which differs in nature as well
as In degreo from anything which Is seen
In tho lower animals. P believe that at
a certain epoch of our life, when the body
Is ready to receive it, there is an Influx of
spirit and our existence in the future de
pends very largely on how we adapt our
selves td this new condition when it
comes before us.
"Of course. It Is all very well to talk
This pamphlet contains 80 pages, Is fur
nished with a map of Oregon country, and may
'be had of It P. & C "Williams. Boston, and
Dorr & Howland. "Worcester, Mass.; or of G.
C. & H. Carvill, City of New York.
See maps at the end ot this pamphlet.
Japan Shall Win!
Her friends in many lands indorse this mes
sage She lights for life against Oppression's
wrongs.
For Liberty and Faith and Rights ofllan;
Let all who may send greetings to. her hope,
"Japan shall win."
Tis a world's hone:
Despotic power to conquest turned intent
"To drive a nation all Into the sea."
Needs such rebuke as fell of old on Rome,
And Fate must write upon the page of Life
"Japan shall win."
TIs "Russia's hope:
Success at arms to her would be defeat
Of higher progress and those nobler works
Uplifting even now the Russian soul,
"Which shall not sink again into the night
C F. T.
jnilshed author and has written a number 1 about the soul and the spirit and things
of books and thousands of newspaper and I ot that kind, without any definite way of
maeazlno articles ho doesn't steer the con-r'frrlvlng at Just what Is meant But
versation 'round to himself all the time,
or inform you in every second sentence
that ho is an author with a big A. or ask
you if you have read his latest contribu
tion to such and such a magazine.
Dr. Wallace Is a big man and he takes
himself largely. When we reached Kis
cozy villa and were seated In his drawing
room, having a cup of tea. Mrs. Wallace
came In. She Is a charming lady, consid
erably younger than the doctor; Is In
tensely Interested In all his work and la
sympathetic to a degree. In accordance
with the usual English custom, about 5
o'clock every afternoon, the inevitable cup
of tea was in order. Dr. Wallace leaned
back in his roomy chair and gracefully
submitted to being snapshotted.
"I know that photographs are almost
essential In theso days, and if it will help
any you can take as many as you like,"
ho said, laughing. So, while the light
lasted, he was paraded into his study and
assumed any position that seemed reason
able and dignified. He said he did not
care to be taken climbing a tree, as his
friends might wonder, but permitted the
photographer to help himself to as many
"positions" as he liked.
After the photographing seance, Dr.
Wallace was asked to narrate a few facts
about his Interesting life.
His Own Story of His Life.
"Well," he replied, "I don't know that
there is anything' especially Interesting In
being born, but, of course. I was. You
always begin with that. I think, in in
terviews? "The day was January S. 1823, to be
exact My father was Thomas Vere Wal
lace, and died when I was 11 years old. I
am of Scottish descent My people lived
at Sterling. I was educated In the ordi
nary way at Hertford fchooI, where I
lived until about 14 years old.
"My brother was a surveyor and archi
tect and from my 14th to my 2lst year
I worked In his office. I enjoyed outdoor
life, but being an architect did not appeal
to me, and, when 21. I bocame a teacher
of English In the collegiate school at
Lester. My brother died In tho following
year and I succeeded to his business.
"I spent some time as a surveyor on the
railway, but as part of my duty was to
collect monies from farmers In the neigh
borhood I became thoroughly disgusted
with that phase of life, and made up my
mind to abandon It. As a matter of fact
T never did take to business, my bent
being more toward travel and science.
"I applied to H. Yv. .Batos, wnom j. met
at Lester, and asked him to send mo to
the Amazon River. I wished particularly
to go to that section, having read Ed
wards' 'Voyage up the Amazon,' and
Hunibolt's 'Pereonal Narrative.' My ob
ject In going to this place was to collect
natural history material, with a view to
solving the great problem of the origin of
species. I returned to England In 1853
and wrote a book called 'Travels on the
Amazon and Rio Negro.'
"The following year I set out on an ex
pedition and spent eight years between
Malacca and New Guinea, writing a book
on the Malay Archipelago and the 'Land
of the Orang-Utan.'
"I did a great deal of. work-on the nat
ural selection theory, and my paper came
before Darwin in 1S55. It seems that
Darwin had been working along the same
lines, and shortly after reading my paper
ho published his 'Origin of Species.' On
my ..return to -London in 1SSS I 'settled
psychological side as there Is on the side
of the atomic theory,
"Although I am classed among the scl
enusts, said Dr. Wallace, laughing,
must admit, however, that science has
done some very foolish things. It must
be' remembered that It was the Royal So
clety itself that laughed at the Idea of
Benjamin Franklin putting lightning-con
ductors on houses. It was Sir Humphrey
Davy who scoffed at tho notion that Lon
don could be lighted by gas, and when
Stephenson proposed to use locomotives on
the Liverpool & Manchester Railway scl
entitle men gave eviuence alleging that
was Impossible for a locomotive to trav
at the rate of 12 miles-an hour.
"It must be remembered that truth
rvtt.l iinxpllllncrlv
to accept a new truth or even an old
truth without challenging It ia to iook ior
one ot those miracles which do not occur.
The Great Life Mystery.
"There Isan undoubted fact, neverthe
less," said Dr. Wallace, "that the mys
tery of life Is attracting a great deal c
quiet attention in this day. "With all our
materialism and our rush and hurry peo
ple are all asking themselves, 'Have I a
soul? Is this miserable existence the end
of It all?' And there Is a well-formed
belief In a future of some kind. The num
ber of spiritualists honest earnest peo
ple, who are not deceiving themselves .or
hoodwinking .anybody else Is very great;
and as for the. timid and secret inquirers,
there are thousands of them.
"Everybody, It might be saiu, is more or
less Interested, and this desire to know
about the soul Is becoming more and moro
the subject of research for the human
mind. It Is engaging the energy of men of
science more and more, and now that we
are reaching the confines, of the material
globe, scientific thought must either go
back or sro forward, and many young sci
entists with keen Intellects and neauny
brains are taking up the study ot psy
chology.
The science of mental phenomena is
pretty well developed, and before very
long I predict that there shall be some
wonderful revelations to its credit.
Dr. Wallace was asked if he held any
particular religious views.
"I hold." he replied, "that the idea 01
God Is unknowable and unthinkable. For
30 years before I became a Spiritualist I
was an agnostic. The only religion I now
have Is what I get out of spiritualism. I
believe our souls .are developed by the op
portunities which we take advantage of
in this present world. ,
"When "we leave this life our develop
ment will go on In some future state, pro
viding we have taken advantage of the
tremendous opportunities we have bejan
given here. A3 to Christianity." contin
ued Dr. Wallace, "I do not hold any doc
trines whatever. I consider that Christ
was a great man, with very exceptional
spiritualistic gifts, a great medium, and
probably the man most nearly associated
with the spiritual world in all history.
We Spiritualists have no difficulty In ac
cepting the whole story of his life and
miracles."
How He Became a Spiritualist.
Dr. Wallace was askod how he became a
Spiritualist He replied: "When I re
turned from abroad in 1862 I read about
spiritualism, and, Tike most people, be
lieved it to be a fraud and a delusion. At
that time I met a Mrs. Marshall, who was
a -celebrated medium In London, and after
attending a number of her meetings and
examining the whole question with an
open mind and with all the scientific ap
plication I could bring to bear on it, I
came to the conclusion that spiritualism
was genuine. However, I did not allow
myself to be carried away, but I waited
for three years and undertook a most
rigorous examination of the whole sub
ject and was then convinced of the evi
dence and genuineness of true spiritualism.
"The religion of the future will bo based
solely on spiritualism, and when great
scientists like Professor William Brooks,
Oliver Lodge, Professor W. F. Barrett,
Lord Kelvin and others are coming out
In favor o the spiritualistic truth. It Is
time for ordinary people like myself to
fall Into line."
Dr. Wallace is a most pronounced So
cialist as well as a Spiritualist He lives
an ideal life down In his country home,
and his hobbles are gardening and walk
ing about the country. He Is a fine chess
player, a great admirer of Dlcken3, and
w.as a personal friend of Huxley, Tyndall,
Herbert Spencer, Darwin and others.
He has a son and a daughter. His son
Is now 31 years old and Is an electrical
engineer. His daughter is a kindergarton
teacher in Liverpool. Dr. Wallace writes
for tho magazines and often for the Amer
ican and English newspapers, and he Is
probably one of the most active minds of
this day. Although in his S2d year, ho
produces a volume of work which would
be a credit to any hustling young author
who turns out his 6000 words a day.
Dr. Wallace does all Of his own work
with his own hands, and does not take
small? Doe3 it follow because liaroia
Sklmpole Is a rough portrait of Leigh
Hunt that the public Is to attach the. In
cidents of the novel In which he figures
to the facts of Hunt's biography? Be
cause a brilliant and illuminating; sketch
of Rossettl himself appears In 'Aylwln. Is
It to be concluded that Mr. Watts-Dunston
has saddled himself with the responsibility
of pinning onto Rossetti's life even tha
fringe of the romance of Sinn Lovell?
Dickens said: 'The author no more
thought (God forgive him) that the ad
mired original (Leigh Hunt) would ever
be charged with the Imaginary vices of
the fictitious creature than he himself ever
thought of charging the blood Of Desde
mona and Othello on the Innocent Acad
emy model who sat for Iago's leg in tha
picture."
The reply to this, as the London papers
do not fall to point out is that the world
Is always ready to believe the worst; and
that it will fail to know exactly where
ends the fact and where begins tho fiction.
It is liable to believe, In its loose-thinking
way, that Rossettl exhumed his poems for
purposes purely mercenary. And, besides,
it Is pertinently asked, "Will the fame of
the Lord Hertford ever recover from the
wound It received when Thackeray took
a part of him as model for the Marquls'.of
Steyne? In 'Diana of the Crossways. did
not Meredith create an impression which
the defenders of the Hon. Mrs. Norton
were never able to dissipate? Will riot
Leigh Hutit be Harold Sklmpole to many
because Dickens In some things identified
the two? Will not Smlthson always be
associated with Pickwick?" These ques
tions are quite unanswerable. At the very
best, Mr. Caine's act was In the worst of
taste.
PublishersDisplaying
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Some Timely Volumes.
Completed Proverbs By Lisle de Vnux.
Matthewman. Illustrated by- Clare Victor
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Those who have seen "Cranklsms" will
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Prosit: A Book ot Toasts. S1.25. Paul. Elder
Sc. Company, San Francisco.
A collection of toasts by. California
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With Kurokl In Manchuria By Frederick
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Yes, this Is "the first bpok on the war."
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Stories of Inventors By-Russell Doubleday.
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Comnany. New York.
siue
Thl3 book elves the adventurous
kindly to the modern methods of dictating of Invention. The trials and dangers of
Wallace assists him in his work and Is
bound up in .all of his ideas, thoughts and
aspirations. (Copyright, 1KM, by Foreign
News Bureau.) G. W. MELVILLE.
HALL CAINE EXCORIATED FOR TREACHERY
Accused of Making "Copy" Out of Sad Incident in Life of His Friend Rosetti.
LITTLE controversy of unusual
Interest is on in England. Bays
the Argonaut In Hall Caine's
new novel, "Tho Prodigal Son," Oscar
Stephenson, a young Icelander, places
the only existing manuscript of his
musical composition in tho coffin of his
dead wife. It is the actvof a man strick
en with remorse, wrung with sorrow.
The passages in the book which relate
the Incident set this forth convlclngly,
for we read:
"Thora," he said, in a calm voice,
"these are the only coplo3 of my com
positions, and were written In hours
when your faithful heart was suffer
ing through my fault when I neg
lected you and deserted you for the
sake of my foolish visions of art and
greatness. That was the real cause of
your death, Thorar and in punishment
of myself for sacrificing your sweet
life to my selfish dreams, I wish to
bury fruits of them in your grave.
Take them, then, and let them lie
with you and fade with you and be for
gotten. I will never write another noto
of music as long as I live, and from
this hour onward my ambitions are-at
an- end." Saying thlF. he put the pa
pers beside the body of Thora and
wrapped them In tho long plaits of her
beautiful hair.
But this self-sacrificing impulse of
the hero of Caine's novel Is not lasting.
A few years pass, and then, inspired
by the amorous Helga, his mistress,
he causes the precious manuscripts to
be dug up. In order that ho may havo
oney to play at Monte Carlo, and win
the wanton woman back to him.
Of course, this incident in fiction Is
strikincly like one in fact and tho
London Times revlcwor excoriates tho
novelist for what he calls treachery to
the memory of his dead friend an
"unpardonable offense;" and Mr. Calne
has replied to the Times in a lone ar
tide in the London Mail.
The Incident to which allusion Is
mado Is perhaps familiar to many, but
will hear rehearsal. Some biographers
of the poet chiefly concerned make no
reference whatever to it, and others
are but brief, so It easily may have es
caped the notice even of those familiar
with the life-of tho poet
Rossetti and Miss SIddal.
In 1850, when Daniel Gabriel Rosset
tl was 22, he met a young- girl of 17
of remarkable beauty, but of obscure
and undistinguished family. Her father
is variously reported to have been
cutler, a watchmaker. .and an auction
eer. She herself, when Rosetti met her,
was a milliner's assistant Her educa
tlon was ordinary, but she was dow
ered with a certain grace of mind, and
we read that, having found, ono of
Tennyson's poems on "a piece of paper
which sho had brought homo to her
mother wrapped around a pat of but-
terr" she was so struck by it tnat sna
carefully cut it out and preserved It a
rather amusing story.
It is this girl, Miss SIddal, whom Ro
setti painted In very many poses her
lofty neck, her uncommon features, her
greenish-blue, unsparkllng eyes, her
large perfect eyelids, her brilliant com
plexion, and her wealth of heavy copper-golden
hair, are familiar to all
students of pictures of the pre-Ra-phaelltes.
For nino years Miss SIddal served as
model for Rosetti, and during almost
If not quite, all of this time, they were
lovers, and the somowhat peculiar re
lationship was ended by marriage only
In 1850, when Miss Slddal's life was
despaired of.
But It was not a happy relationship,
Rosetti, at the best, was not of puritan
ic and steadfast character, and, as Mr.
Benson says, his "sensuous nature
gained a firmer hold on him a3 he
grew oldor." Mrs. Rosetti clearly was
jealous and unhappy. Her own. love was
steady and Intense flamo, and, she
was immeasurably wounded oy nis
wayward conduct
Mrs. Rosetti's Death.
The world will probably never know.
nowever, whether the slender, loving
woman met her death by her own hand
or whether It was Indeed an overdose
of laudanum that caused It Mr. Ben
son, the poet's biographer, relates' the
occurrence:
"In February. 1SG2, she dined with
her husband and Mr. Swinburne at the
Sablonlere Hotel In Leicester square.
She and Rosetti returned early, and as
she appeared to be tired and In pain,
he advised her to go to bed; he hlniself
went out to a drawing class at the
Workingmons College. Coming back
later ho found her unconscious; she
had been in tho habit, under medical
orders, of taking laudanum, and she
had miscalculated the dose. Four doc
tors were summoned, and all was dono
that could be done. Rosetti. In the
course of the ghastly attempts to re-
suscltntc her, went out distractedly
to call on Ford Madox Brown at 5 In
the morning; Mrs. Rosetti died an hour
or two after. The llndlngof the Cor
oner's Jury was 'Accidental Death.'
"Rossetti's demeanor at the inquest and
during the sad days before the funeral
was extraordlnarylly courageous and dig
nified. Just before the coffin was closed
ho left the room In which some friends
were assembled, taking with him a manu
script book of poems, and placed It be
tween the cheek and the hair of his dead
wife. He then came back and said what
ho had done, adding they had often been
written when she was suffering and when
he might have been attending to her, and
that the solitary text of them should go
with her to the grave. Rossettl evidently
meant It to be a punishment to "himself
fcr sacrificing the gentle tendance of love
to his ambltlona, and for even deeper fail
ures of duty, and the volume was burled
with his wife In Hlghgate Cemetery that
day."
In, comment on this, Rossetti's biogra
pher, Mr. Benson, remarks that "it may
be doubted whether in the annals of liter
ature there is any sceno which strikes so
vehement a note of sorrow and self-reproach
tho abased penitence of a strong,
contrite, and passionate soul."
The Body Exhumed.
Nevertheless, the pooms were not to re
main where they had so tenderly been
placed. During succeeding years Rossettl
began to Indulge In chloral, which finally
caused his death. He was obsessed by the
Idea that he wa3 visited by manifesta
tions which proved that the spirit of his
wife was near him. Once, so it Is said.
he picked up a chaffinch In the road,
which allowed it3elf tamely to be caught,
and he seemed to believe that It was In
some way connected with the spirit of his
dead wife.
However, as time passed, and one by
one Rossettl' friends Morris and Swin
burneattained distinction as poets, he,
too, began to hanker after poetic reputa
tion, and to reflect with pain and regret
upon the hidden fruits of his best effort
Some of the poems he could remember,
and thus recovered, bit others not; and,
at last, urged by his fnands, and fretted
by his Inability to recall the poems, he
agreed that the body of his wife should be
disinterred. Mr. Benson says:
"The matter was arranged with the
home secretary, Mr. Bruce, afterward
Lord Aberdare. One night, seven and a
half years after the funeral, a fire was lit
by the sk'e of the grave, and the coffin
was raised and opened. The body is de
scribed as having been almost unchanged.
Rossettl, alone and oppressed with self-reproachful
thoughtr. sat In a friend's house
while the terrible task was done. The
stained and molded manuscript was care
fully dried and treated, and at last re
turned to his possession. He copied tho
poems out himself and destroyed the vol
ume. But It Is Impossible to resist a
certain feeling of horror at the episode.
Rossettl was not a man to have yielded
r tamely to the suggestions of friends In
this or any other matter; such grace as
belonged to the original act was forfeited
by the recovery of.thc book: and there Is
a certain taint about the literary ambi
tion that could thus violate the secrecy
of the grave, however morbid the original
sacrifice may havo been. "
Tho book was published; It met with
chorU3 of praise, and Rosetti stepped at
once Into the front rank f contemporary
poets.
Caine's Weak Defense. (
Such is the strange true story which
Hall Calne, Rossetti's Intimate friend,
now makes "copy" of his novel, and his
defense, at best, is weak. Mr. Caine says
In his own behalf:
"My answer 13 that in so doing I think
I was true to the principles of art and I
am sure that I was following the prece
dent of great writers. Did not Charles
Reade employ fact for the purposes of
fiction when he used the letters of Eras
mus In the .making of The Cloister and
the builders of tho submarine; the tri
umphant thrill of the Inventor who hears
for the first time the vibration of the
long-distance message through the air:
the daring and skill of the engineer who
drives a locomotive at a hundred miles
an hour. The wonder of the mechanic Is
lost in the marvel of the machine; the
doer is overshadowed by the greatness
of the achievement. The story of tho in
vention is told through the experiences
of the inventor or the one who operates
the invention. These are true stories of
adventures In Inventions, and one of fas
cinating Interest
In Varying Keys.
roems All the Way 1'rom Pike By' Rob
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This little book of Pike County verse
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Freckles nnd Tan By Rowland C. Bowman.
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A little hook ot humorous verse with
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Bobby and Bobblnette By Annie R. Tal
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A Jolly kids' story In a most original
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Amy Dora Amusing Day By Frank M.
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Extraordinary adventures of a little
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31r. Kris Krlngle By S. Weir Mitchell. Il
lustrated. George W. Jacobs & Company.
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This Is a thoroughly delightful
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Aesop's Fables for Children Illustrated. SO
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The ever-popular fables in the stor
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4