2
THE SUNDAY OKEGCXNUlN, POKTLAJSD, NOVEMBER 20. 190.
Gift of Kaiser Wilhelm to America Is Accepted "gRg" .
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19. Hailed by
a military blare of 20 trumpets,
the bronze statue of Frederick
the Great, presented to the Ameri
can people by Emperor "William,
was unveiled this afternoon by the
Baroness Speck von Sternberg, the -wife o
the German Ambassador. The ceremony
-was marked by great military and offi
cial display. The statue was presented on
behalf of the "Emperor by his personal
Envoy, the German Ambassador, who
made a brief address. The President made,
the chief address of the day and accepted
the gift in behalf of the American people.
The "weather was ideal. The line of
march was crowded with spectators. Both
the War and Navy Departments were
closed at noon to permit the officers to
participate in the ceremonies.
Remarks were made by Lleutenant
Gencrai Chaffee, Chief of Staff; Major
General Gillespie, of the .General Staff;
Master of Ceremonies Lieutenant-General
Lcewenfeld, one of the special commis
sioners sent to the, unveiling by the Em
peror, and Charlemagne Tower, American
Ambassador to Germany.
Seldom has the National Capital wit
nessed a. more brilliant and distin
guished assemblage than was gathered
on the grand esplanade of the Army
"War College around tho pedestal of the
statue. Immediately back of the statue,
on the President's stano, which was
completely covered in red, white and
blue bunting and decorated with
American flags, sat the President and
his Cabinet, the German Ambassador
and the Baroness' Speck von Sternberg;
Lleute cant-General Loewenfeld and
Major Count von Schmettow, the Em
iperors special commissioners to the
-unveiling, and the .entire diplomatic
corps, all in full uniform. On the stands
to the right ana left of the statue were
officers of the Army and Navy in full
dress uniform, the members of the- Su
preme Court, members of Congress and
other invited guests. Directly in front
of the pedestal, on the statue, were
grouped members of German societies
from various parts of the country.
"Within the gates of the Army "War
College, along the line of march to
the esplanade, were stationed the troops
in attendance.
Early Alive With Marching Troops.
Early in the day "Washington was
alive with marching troops and by 1
o'clock Pennsylvania avenue contained
a steady stream of carriages, filled with
diplomats and Army and Navy officers,
all moving in the direction of the "War
College. The diplomats, with the ex
ception of the German Ambassador and
his staff, drove Informally to the espla
nade to await the arrival of the offi
cial party, which came in three groups.
They arrived In inverse order of rank,
the military group first, then the dip
lomatic group and lastly the Presiden
tial group, each under escort of a troop
of cavalry.
Troop B, Seventh Cavalry, escorted
General von Loewenfeld, Adjutant
General to the German Emperor. From
the Lieutenant-General's apartments
the cavalcade moved at 1 o'clock at a
rapid trot.
Ten minutes later, escorted by Troop
D, Seventh Cavalry, the Ambassadorial
party left the German Embassy for the
barracks.
To Troop A, Seventh Cavalry, fell, the
honor of escorting the Presidential par
ty, which moved at a rapid trot down
Pennsylvania avenue and along the
route followed by- tho preceding caval
cade. The Presidential party left the
White House in carriages at 2 o'clock.
As each party started, the escortlnn-
H troop formed in line and rendered tho
appropriate nonors. Formed in lines to
the west of the old main road through
the Washington Barracks were all the
foot troops participating In tho cere
monies. Two batteries of field artillery
were stationed in the south battery of
the pest, and upon the arrival at the
gates of the several groups fired the
prescribed salute. Lieutenant-Gen
Loewenfeld receiving 15 guns, the Ger
man Ambassador 19 guns and the Presi
dent 21 guns. As each group passed in
front of tho line of foot troops, the
prescribed honors were rendered.
As! soon as tho Presidential group
passed down tho line the troops moved ;
promptly into a position facing south
and directly in front of the President's
stand, forming the fourth square en
closing the statue.
Arrival of the President.
The firing of the President's saluto
of 21 guns had barely finished when his
carriage Teaohed the west stairway of
the War College terrace. The entire as
semblage arose as ho ascended the
grand esplanade and remained standing
until the master of ceremonies, Major
General Gillespie, had escorted him to
his seat in the front row of the Presi
dent's stand. The President's flag had
been hoisted over the stand as soon as
the first gun of his salute had boomed
lorth. It was lowered as the President
left, and was returned to the White
House in the custody of his escorting
troop of cavalry.
The official programme began with
the invocation by the Right Rev. Dr.
Satterlee, the bishop of Washington.
Major-General Gillespie then addressed
the Ambassador in these words:
Xe, Ambassador-it la x pleasing office as
veil as a most high bonor, to preside at the
ceremony of the unveiling- of the statu o'
Frederick the Great, presented to the people of
the United States by bis majesty, "William the
Second, the German Emperor.
The master mind which conceived ja cxe.
cuted the brilliant movements culminating In
the decisive victory at Leuthen, rour allied
powers opposing, will challenge in the future,
as It has challenged In the past, the admiration
of the thoughtful military student. Frederick
the Great exemplifies in his character the
highest attributes of the soldier and tho eysl
tern of organization, training and maneuvering
of troops instituted and practiced by him has
had its happy fruition la the splendid imperial
German army of today.
It la. therefore, most appropriate that the
Btatue of this Illustrious soldier, distinguished
alike as strategist and tactician, should stand
In front of the American War College -which
the Congress of the United States has wisely
provided should he erected upon this spot for
the promotion of higher education In military
eclence and tactics.
"We feej in our hearts. Mr. Ambassador, that
the international act we are now to perform
in the dedication of the statue of Frederick
the Great, in which the Ambassadress. Baron-
ess von Sternberg, has oo kindly and eo gra-
ciousij- consented to share, can have but the
one desired effect of drawing more closely the
bonda of friendship and good -will -which now
eo happily unite the great empire of Germany
with the great republic of. the "West, the
United States of America.
Ambassador Pulls the Cord.
As he closed his -address. Uaj or -General
Gillespie turned to tho Ambassa
dress, offering his arm, escorted her
to the edge of the. statue, where were
fastened the silken cords attached to
the American and German flags in
which it "was shrouded. Gripping the
coras nrmiy one in eacn hand, the Am
uassadress had to give but ono tug
before the silken folds loosed from
around the figure of Frederick the
Great.
Straightway 20 trumpeters of the
Army, drawn up in front of the Presi
dent's stand, sounded a military blare
of welcome, one prolonged note, and as
the flags slowly parted, the American
to the right and the German to the
left, the Marine Band struck up the
German national anthem.
Instead of falling to the pedestal,
the flags, by an Ingenious device, were
hoisted to the top of flagpoles on either
side or the statue and unfurled to tho
breeze, amid the inspiring melody of
'the German hymn. The Ambassadress
was gowned in gray -velvet, and wore
a hat of chinchilla.
Lieutsn&nt-General Ton Loewenfeld
was then presented by the master of
ceremonies, and, as tho special com
missioner -of the German Emperor,
transferred tne statue to the custody
of His Majesty's personal envoy, Baron
von Sternberg, the German Ambassa
dor. The Lieutenant-General briefly
addressed the Ambassador, saying:
Mr. President: The hearty and truly sin
cere welcome which Prince Henry of Prus
sia met with throughout-the United States
during his visit in February, 1002, has left
a deep and lasting impression on the Ger
man Emperor and on the German people.
The citizens of the United States showed
Prince Henry the true manner of American
hospitality and where he appeared he re
ceived a greeting which did .not merely come
from the lips, but which had the true ring
of the heart.
In many addresses, with which the Prince
was honored, the name of Frederick the
Great was conspicuous. It was emphasized
that the Prince's ancestor had -shown him
self a stanch and true friend of those peo
ple who were now welcoming the descendant
on their own soil. It was pointed out that
Frederick the Great had proved America's
friend at a time when the young Republic
was in the course of her formation, weath
ering many storms and perils. Thus it was
this dauntless Hohenzollern, the father of
Germany, who laid the cornerstone on which
the friendship between the .two countries
might rest.
Emperor William followed with keen in
terest the movement of his brother In Amer
ica, and was profoundly touched by the atti
tude of undisguised friendship and good will
which characterized eveiy step of the Prince,
vwho returned to Germany as tho true inter
preter of the trte American spirit.
In order to give this visit, which had ter
minated under such happy auspices, a last
ing memorial, Emperor William called on
the genius of Germany's most renowned
sculptor to create a statue of his ancertor.
This statue be baa sent across the seas as a
gift of friendship to the American people.
We sow behold it on the pedestal from
which it is destined to watch the men who.
In the magnificent building, soon to adorn
these grounds, are to be Instructed in those
sciences which the military genius of Prus
sia's soldier King so marvelously perfected.
Hay the spirit of this hero inspire .those
men who are to stand as the pillars of the
future Army of the United States with those
qualities which made the iron Hohenzollern
great among leaders and which alone render
armies mighty and' invincible.
Mr. President, by order of the German
Emperor. I have the honor of asking you to
accept this statue as a token of His Maj
esty's and the German people's sincere
friendship for the people of America.
The Emperor la confident that, God being
willing, this monument will remain a lasting
pledge for the continuance of the friendly
relations between America and Germany
relations whose foundation was laid In the
time of King Frederick.
In this city, equally distinguished for Its
magnificent beauty and for the ahundanoe of
its "historical memories. I hereby fulfill the
honorable mission of my Imperial Master and
give Over to you. Mr. Ambassador, the etatue
of Frederick the Great.
Led by the President, the assemblage
arose and with uncovered heads remained
standing throughout the playing of
"America" by tho Marino Band.
Address of General Chaffee.
Tho next address on tho programme
was by special request of the President,
who desired that Lieutenant-General
Chaffee, Chief of Staff, should speak at
the unveiling. Lleutenant-General Chaf
fee said:
Two years from now the building which you
note as under construction here, and which
has already been dedicated to the acquirement
of knowledge in military science and in tho
art of war, will be occupied by the third
division of the General Staff of the Army.
Here and then will be assembled numerous
officers of the Army for a course of study of
the highest order pertaining to the profession.
As these officers ascend the steps that lead
to the entrance of the War -College they will
take notice of the figure unveiled today and
it will be remindful to them of an extraor
dinary genius in their own chosen profession.
The eclcnoa of war, as developed by him. will
be studied and discussed, and his wonderful
success in military art will furnish an in
centive to effort on their part.
Wo epeak of the science of war; but you
know, of course, that war is not an exact
science. Such as it Is, however, no science is
better, or so successfully taught from exam
ples, than is military science. We may, there
fore, turn to the object cf our respect, and
heartily welcome to lis place this statue of
Frederick the Great, whose example for or-
canliatlon and employment of armies on the
field of battle and whoso strategy la war not
only commanded world-wide attention 140 years
ago, hut still commands It, as being worthy
tof close study by all students of the military
profession.
In all acts of Importance, as in matters of
minor consequence, there is the Initial step.
We pee only the one statue today, but it will
be the desire, and pleasure also, cf the Army
officers to cause other statues to be reared
upon this front, in commemoration of geniuses
in war whose methods must be. studied with
care, for they, too, achieved success, la war.
world acknowledged, not by accident, but
througa application of the true edesce, as did
ttifo wonderful Instructor.
In conclusion. General Chaffee spoke
at some length of the deeds of Washing
ton and Grant on the field of battle.
Their statues, too. he said, should be
reared on the Esplanade of the Army
War College.
Charlemagne Tower, the American Am
bassador to Germany, was presented after
the playing of Hail Columbia.
The last notes or "jJio wacbt am
Rheln" were drowned in the enthusiastic
greeting given the President as he arose
and advanced to the edge of the stand to
deliver his address of acceptance.
The benediction was pronounced by
Rev. Paul A. Mensel, pastor of Concordia
Lutheran Church.
Again the assemblage stood uncovered
while the Met rendered' "The Star Spot,
STATUE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT,
J" ' zjfsKp
wmwwm
L ........ a
gled Banner," which closed the. official
ceremony.
After congratulating the German Am
bassadress and shaking' hands with the
Foreign Ambassadors, the President and
his party and Lleutenant-General Loew
enfeld and his party In the Inverse order
In which they came, the Presidential
cavalcade leading, the official procession
was reformed and left the Washington
Barracks, while the field batteries were
firing the second Presidential salute of 21
guns.
ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT
Statue Is Accepted as a Symbol of
Friendship and Good Will.
WASHINGTON. Nov. 18. Tho address
of President Roosevelt, In accepting the
statue of Frederick tho Great, was as fol
lows: Mr. Ambassador: Through you I wish on
behalf of the people of the United States to
thank His Majesty, the German Emperor,
and the people of Germany, for the gift to
the Nation which you havo Just formally
delivered to me. I accept it with deep ap
preciation of the friendly regard which it
typifies for the people of this Republic, both
on the part of the Emperor.and on the part
of the German people. I accept It not mere
ly as the statue of one of the halt -dozen
greatest soldiers -of all time, and therefore
peculiarly appropriate for placing in this
Warollege. but I accept It as the statue
of a great man, whose life was devoted to
the service of a great people, and whose
deeds hastened the approach of the day
when a united Germany should spring into
being.
As a soldier. Frederick the Great ranks
in that very, very small group which include;
Alexander, Caesar and Hannibal in antiquity,
and Napoleon and possibly Gustavus Adolph
us, la modern times. He belonged to the
ancient and illustrious house of Hohenzol
lern. which, after playing a strong and virile
part in the middle ages, and after producing
Bom men. like the great Elector, who were
among the most famous princes of their
time, founded the royal house of Prussia
two centuries ago, and at last in our own
day established the mighty German Empire
as among the foremost of Vorld powers. We
receive this gift bow at the hands of the
present Emperor, himself a man who has
markedly added- to the luster of his great
house and his great nation, a man who has
devoted his life to the welfare of his people,
and who, while keeping ever ready to de
fend the rights of that people, has also made
it evident ia emphatic fashion that ha and
they desire peace and friendship with the
other satioBs of the earth.
A Great Commander.
It is not my purpose here to discuss at
length the career of the mighty Sing sad
mighty General whot statue we have Jast
received. In all history no other great
commander save ealy Xaaalfeal fought so
loag agalBst aweS. terriMe- odds, and while
SaacAal Saally tailed, TrwUrlek flasUr
triaupfeet, Ia almwit everr btU fee sought,!
THE GIFT OF KAISER WILHELM
against great odds, and he almost always
won the victory.. When defeated he rose to
an even greater altitude than when victori
ous. The memory of the Seven Tears' War
will last as long as there lives In mankind
the love of heroism, and its operations will
be studied to the minutest detail as long as
the world sees a soldier worthy of the name.
It is difficult to know whether to admire
most the victories of Leuthen and Prague,
Rossbach and Zorndorf, or the heart-break-lng
campaigns after Kuneradorf, when the
great King, after having beyi beaten to the
ground by the banded might of Europe, yet
roso again, and by an exhibition of skill,
tenacity, energy -end daring such as had
never before been seen united in one per
son, finally wrested triumph from defeat.
Not only must the military scholar always
turn to the career of Frederick the Great
for lessons in strategy and tactics; not only
must the .military administrator always turn
to his career for lessons in organizing suc
cess; not only will the lover of heroism read
the tales of his mighty feats as Jong as
mankind cares, for heroic deeds; but even
those wh5 are not attracted by the valor of
the soldier must yet, for the sake of the
greatness of the man, ponder and admire
the lessons taught by his undaunted reio
lotion, his inflexible tenacity ot purpose,
his farslghted grasp of lofty possibilities,
and his unflinching, unyielding determination
In following the path he had marked out.
It is eminently fitting that the statue of this
iron soldier, this born leader of men, should
find 'a place in this War College; for, when
soldierly genius and soldierly heroism reach
the highest point of achievement, the man
in whom they are displayed grows to belong
not merely to the nation from which he
sprang, but to all nations capable of show
ing, and therefore capable of appreciating,
the virile and masterful virtues which alone
make victors in those dread struggles where
resort is at last had to the arbitrament of
arms.
Symbol of Good Will.
Hut, Mr. Ambassador, in accepting tho
statue given as today through you from the
German Emperor. I accept it not merely be'
cause It is the statue of a mighty and ter
rible soldier, but I accept it as a symbol of
the ties of friendship and good will which I
trust as the years go on will bind ever
closer together the American aad the Ger
man peoples. There is kinship of blood
between the two' satloss. We of the United
States are of mlxd stock. In our veins runs
the blood ot almost all the peoples of Mid
die. Northern and Western Europe. We
already have a history of which we feel that
we have the right to Ba legitimately proud.
aad yet our nationality is still la the forma
tive period.
Nearly three centuries have elapsed, since
the landiag of the Sagllsh at Jamestown
marked, the beginxlag of what has since
growa Into the United States. Daring these
three centuries streams of newcomers- from
many elSereat eoaatrU abroad have ia each
geaeratiea eeatriketea to swell the iaennsi
of our peep. 8oo af tec Um XagMeti set
tied is Ylrsiala asvd Vew XagUad, the He4
UiHJr settle at the atowth ot tlM.HvosoB
aad the Swed at, Uw 7th of tfc 3Ma
ra ia Colonial days tat Oersaaa '!
had become very strong among our people
In various parts of this country; the Irish
element was predominant In the foothills ot
the Alleghenles; French Huguenots were
numerous. By the time of the Declaration
of Independence, that process of fusion which
has gone on ever since was well under way.
From the beginning our National history.
DESe-RlPTION
THE statue is the work of the Berlin
sculntor. Ferdinand von TJphues. and
is bronze replica of the marble
statue of the greatest of the Ho
henzollern lino which adorns the
Avenue of "Victories In Berlin.
The figure is seven feet high, being just a
little larger than the proportions ot Fred
erick, who was over six feet tall. -Only
the words "Frederick the Great' are cast
in the bronze base, but It is the Intention
of the War Department later to place an
Inscription on the marble pedestal, giving
the date and circumstances of the unveil
ing and an extract from the Kaiser's let
ter. This marble pedestal was erected by
order of Congress, $10,000 being appro
priated to purchase It and to provide for
the ceremonies ot tne unveiling.
In tho deed of gift Emperor William
wrote to President Roosevelt and the
United States at large:
'Here Is the figure of a great German
who belongs In part to you and who was
Intimately concerned with a crisis of his
tory out of which your people emerged as
a nation. Put this statue where your leg
islators may Bee it, and remember that
there are ties of history and ties of blood
between Germany and the United
States."
WAS FREDERICK A FRIEND?
Though a Factor In Our Crisis Was
Kindness His Motive?
It Is true that Frederick, the General
and the statesman, was a great factor in
the crisis out of which the American Re
public emerged. It is also true that Ger
many arid the United States are connected
by ties of blood and tics of history which
may not heedlessly be tampered with,
despite the temporary attempts of hot
heads on both sides to stir up mutual dis
sensions. But that King Frederick In his
Individual self felt any special kindness
for the United States would be difficult to
prove. The old legend that he presented a
sword to General Washington with a com
plimentary inscription has long been dis
proved. There Is more truth in the story
that he denounced tho German Princes
for selling 39,000 mercenaries, to George in
to be used in putting down the ravolt of
the American colonies, and in the analo
gous stories that he prevented some of
these mercenaries from traversing Prus
sian territory on their way to the port of
embarkation. In the Autumn ot 1777 the
Margrave of Anspach attempted to send
300 recruits down the Rhine. Frederick
stopped them in transitu and obliged them
to return to Hanau, whence they marched
overland Jin February and March, 1778.
Stopped the Mercenaries.
Again, in the Spring of 1778. a regiment
raised by the Prince ot Annait-zerBst, on
Its way to America, was obliged to march
around the Prussian dominions, losing
some S) men by desertion in consequence.
But it la more than doubtful whether
Frederick was actuated either by hatred
of the mercenary system or by love of
America. He had never forgiven George
HI for removing William Pitt, the gerat
friend of Prussia, from tne 'British Min
istry during- the crisis of the 'Seven Tears'
War. He was consequently glad in any
way to impede N and annoy his old ally
George III. who, Indeed, had always b&en
a less than half-hearted ally. As King of
England George was logically the friend
of any enemy of France and Austria. Bt
as Hector of Hanover he looked with
alarm upon the growth of Prussian pres
tige. And in this dual part which m had
to play the, heart of George III was with
.Hanover rather than with Sngland.
JThis, therefore, explains his antagonism
to wniiam itt-
Look at the matter in another phase.
Had Frederick telt any particular frieadH-
hised their ilidsoeadene. asr othmr Onrati
hsotal powsrs did; after Sfeutee had pro-
men of German origin or German parentage
played a distinguished part in the affairs
both of peace and of war. In the Revolu
tionary War one of the leading generals was
Muhlenberg, an American of German descent.
Just as among the soldiers from abroad who
came to aid us one of the most prominent
was the German, Steuben. Muhlenberg was
the first Speaker of the House of Representa
tives; and the battle which In the Revolu
tion saved the Valley of the Mohawk to the
American cause was fought under the lead of
the German. Herkimer.
As all the different races here tend rapidly
to fuse together, it Is rarely possible after one
or two generations to draw a sharp line be
tween the various elements; but there is no
student ot our National conditions who has
failed to appreciate what an Invaluable ele
ment in our composite stock the German is.
Here oa this platform, Mr. Ambassador,
among those present today are many men
partly or wholly of German blood, and among
the officers of the Army and Navy who have
listened to you and who now Join with me
in greeting you Ihere are many whose fath
ers or grandfathers were born In Germany,
and not a few who themselves first saw the
light there.
Blood Kinship With Many Nations.
Each nation has Its allotted tasks to do;
each has its. peculiar difficulties to encoun
ter; and as the peoples of the world tend to
become more closely knit together alike for
good and for evil. It becomes evermore im
portant to all that each should prosper; tor
the prosperity of one Is normally not a sign
of menace but a sign of hope for the rest.
Here on this continent where It Is absolutely
essential that the different peoples coming
to our shores should not remain separate but
should fuse Into one, our unceasing effort is
to strive to keep and profit by the good that
each race brings to our shores, and at the
same time to do away with all racial and
religious animosities among the various
stocks. In both efforts we have met
with an astonishing measure of success.
As the years go by It becomes not
harder but easier to live In peace and good
will among ourselves; and 'I firmly believe
that It will also become not harder but easier
to dwell in peace and friendship with the
other nations of the earth. A young people,
a people of composite stock, we have kin
ship with many different nations, but we are
Identical with none of them, and are devel
oping a 'separate national stock as we have
already developed a separate national life.
We have in our veins the blood of the En
glishman, the Welshman, and the Irishman,
the German and the Frenchman, the Scotch
man, the Dutchman, the Scandinavian, the
Italian, the Magyar, the Finn, the Slav, so
that to each of the great powers of the Old
World we can claim a more or less distant
kinship by blood; and to each strain of
blood we owe some peculiar quality in our
national life or national character.
As such is the -case it is natural that we
should 'have a peculiar feeling ot nearness to
each of many peoples across the water. We
most earnestly wish not only to keep un
broken our friendship for each, but so far
as we can without giving offense by an ap
pearance of meddling, to seek to bring about
a better Understanding and a broader spirit
of fair-dealing and toleration axnqng all
nations. It has been my great pleasure, Mr.
Ambassador, In pursuance ot this object,
recently to take with you the first steps in
the negotiation of ,a treaty of friendly arbi
tration between Germany and the United
States.
In closing, let me thank yon. and through
you the German Emperor and the German
people, for this statue, which I accept in
the name of the American people;, a people
claiming blood kinship with, your own; a
people owing much to Germany; a people
which, though with a national history far
shorter than that of your people, neverthe
less, like your people, is proud ot the great
deeds of its past, and is confident in the
majesty of its future. I most earnestly pray
that In the coming years these two great
nations shall move on toward their several
destinies knit together by ties of the hearti
est friendship and good will.
OF STATUE
claimed her recognition and upheld it by
fleets and arms.
For these reasons the Emperors gilt
aroused no enthusiasm In the united
States. It was accepted by President
Roosevelt In a graceful letter. But much
opposition was developed by the public
the nresa and the politicians. On May 23,
1S02 Representative Stephens, of Texas,
introduced a resolution in congress tnat
the United States should not accept "from
any foreign nation or government or erect
in any public place any statue oi any
King, Emperor, Prince or potentate who
had ruled or Is now ruling any nation oy
supposed dlvino right of Kings," charac
terizing any such acceptance as a repu
diation of "the basic principles of the
American Revolution and an Insult to the
memory of the fathers.
Nor was there wantlntr In Germany
protest against the offer. Three days after
Mr. Stephens' speech In the American
Congress, at the annual meeting of the
Pan-Germanic Association In Berlin, Dr.
Heise, a member of the Reichstag, de
clared that "the present enort to promote
German culture In the United States rest3
upon a misconception, tterman culture
never made Yankees Germans. It only re
sults In Increasing the mobility of the
race and In adding- to their education and
wealth, making them in consequence all
the more dangerous, just as it has made
the Poles more dangerous."
Grave of Characteristics.
"The United States," he added, epl-
grammatically, "Is the grave of German
characteristics."
On the samp day there appeared in the
German Kladderadatsch a ' caricature
breathing a similar antl-AmeVican spirit.
The Bartholdl Statue of Liberty was rep
resented as welcoming the statue of
Frederick the Great to rew York harbor.
In tho background Uncle Sam was shown
foiling up the' Stars and Stripes In Cuba,
preparatory to leaving, and still further
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Thomas Walsh. Teath and Xverett street, city, cured of stosaaeh trausie
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Kiss Helen Snberg. W6 Vaseouvw avenue, city, suffered assay years
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in ' perspective American soldiers were
bayoneting Filipino babies and shooting
bound captives.
And so the merry war of .words went on
between the disaffected ot both countries.
Finally a compromise was effected. It
was decided that the statue ot Frederick
the Great should be placed in the
esplanade of the unfinished War College
as soon as it was ready and that it should
be one of the sculptured quartet repre
senting the four greatest military men of
university history.
xae three other figures were to be Alex
ander, Caesar and Napoleon. All three
are to be secured with American money.
One result of this decision was to post
pone the unveiling of the statue until
after the Presidential election In the
United States and thus avoid the In
trusion of what might be an awkward.
issue into the campaign. It Is not quite
certain that a committee of historians
and military authorities would agree to
tne personnel of the ouartet. As a trio
Alexander, Caesar and Napoleon would.
undoubtedly be accepted but the fourth
member of a quartet might give rise to
discussion. Hannibal, the Duke of Wel
lington, even Gustavus Adolphus and
Charles XH. might have their advocates.
Luckily this point has not yet been
raised.
That Frederick H was a man ot extra-
Ordinary abilities is freely acknowledged
by every historian worthy of the name."
That he had extraordinary defects Is
likewise admitted by all except his thick
and thin advocates.
HIS MILITARY CAREER.
First as a Young King; Then in the
8even-Years' War.
But barken to Macaulayi "The anti-
ilachiavel," he says, "was an edifying
homily against rapacity, perfidy, arbi
trary government, unjust war; in short.
against almost anything for which Its
author Is now remembered among men."
This production appeared before Fred
erick's accession to the throne. When
the young man became King, therefore,
in 1740, in his 28th year, the world ex
pected a King Log rather than a King
Stork. Within a few months, however,
he developed his storklike qualities by
reviving an antiquated claim to the
neighboring province of Silesia, which, by
every recognized International precedent
belonged to Queen Maria Theresa of
Austria and Hungary. In his own
memoirs, written after the anti-Machia-
vel Impulse had long expired, he does not
pretend to justify this claim. His own
words are: "Ambition, Interest, the de
sire of making people talk about me, car-
xicd the day, and I decided for war."
He succeeded In making all Europe talk
about him, first by a remarkable exhibi
tion of pusillanimity at the battle of
Molwitz, when he fled at the critical
moment from a field which was won be
hind his back by his generals, and next
In a series' of victories of his own. In
which he magnificently retrieved the rep
utation which apparently he had lost for
ever.
The net result was that he emerged
from the war with a reputation for brav
ery and military skill second to none in
Europe, and with the addition of SUesIa
to his own .territory.
If Frederick was to blame in his first
war he was certainly above reproach In
his second. A vast coalition had been
secretly formed against him by Russia.
Austria, Sweden and France and the Ger
manic body. Frederick took the bull by
the horns and began the Seven Years'
War against tremendous odds. A world
seemed to have arisen against the little
state of Prussia. Austria had 143,000
troops, France 134,000, Sweden 22,000, the
Empire 32,000 Even with the 43,000' sol
diers of Hanover which; through George
H. of England, had declared for him,
Frederick could only muster about' 195,000.
a proportion of three to seven. He made
up for his inequality of force by a rapid
and decisive initiative. Before his ene
mies could muster their forces he poured
60,000 soldiers Into Saxony, blockaded
Pima, took Dresden, invaded Bohemia,
and at Luwosltz won a great victory
over the allied forces, which decided the
fate of Saxopy. The Elector fled, his ,
army capitulated. Next year came a
series of reverses. Frederick himself was
defeated at Loten, his only ally, the
Hanoverian army under, the Duke of
Cumberland, suffered an even worse re
verse at Hastemback and practically
withdrew from the conflict. Frederick,
in despair, contemplated suicide, and In
the Interim poured out the. agony of his
heart In verses that added a new terror
to life.
It was the darkest hour In all Freder
ick's career. But the proverbial dawn
was at hand. That dawn was exception
ally brilliant. On November 5 of the"
same year, at Rossbach, he defeated a
French army outnumbering the Prus
sians two to one, and exactly a month
later, with about the same odds against
him. he annihilated the Austrian army at
Leuthen. , "That battle," said Napoleon,
"was a masterpiece. Of Itself it is suffi
cient to entitle Frederick to a place in
the first rank among generals."
The victories of Rossbach and of Leu
then remained until Konnlgrats and
Sedan, the proudest on the roll of Prus-
slan fame. The glory of other great vie-,
torles, like Waterloo and Leipslc, must
be shared with other nations.
In short, the triumphant Issue of the
Seven Years' War opened to the modern
Hohensollerns, after a temporary eclipse
in the Napoleonic age, the possibility of
establishing the highest civil, military
and national greatness and of achieving
under Prussian ascendency the founda
tion of the modern German Empire.
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