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THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, .JULY 24, 1904.
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PORTLAND. SUNDAY, JULY 24. 1904.
1
THE PRECEPTS AND THE PRACTICE.
The orator, in other times, was a
most important man in public affairs.
Oratory was cultivated as a high art.
Before the use of printing there was
do other way of reaching the public
But since printing has become uni
versal, oratory as an art has declined.
It is not important now to speak, but to
print; and only through the press do
even the best speeches get a real hear
ting. Oratory as an art is therefore
comparatively useless; and being com-
t paratively useless, it is virtually a lost
art.
Something like this has often been
said by The Oregonlan. The Capital
"Journal (Salem), taking note of one of
these statements, made not long since,
inquires: "Is it not a fact that the
highest efforts at reform today are at
tempts to approximate the teachings of
Christ in human affairs? How many
problems of good government would
find a solution if the teachings of that
Galilean orator were realized?" This
raises a class of questions different al
together. It cannot be irreverent to say, for it
is truth to say, that the teachings of
Jesus as to human society as to prop
erty. Industry, wealth, government
were profoundly socialistic. They w ere
based on principles which even the
Christian Church cannot follow, nor
even approximate. The early Christian
movement under his teachings was one
in special opposition to riches, to
money-making and to business in gen
eral. The good people were poor people
good because they w ere poor; the rich
people were bad people bad because
they were rich. All careful students of
the times and of the teachings of Jesus
realize that he regarded the whole
foundation of business as wrong, and
looked to an entire reorganization of
'society a reorganization resting on
something like a community of goods
and equality of Interests; and the texts
remain the foundation of every effort
towards socialism, coenobltlsm or com
munism, which the world has known
Now in fact Christianity, at an earlv
time, realized that it could not stand
on any close or literal interpretation
of these principles; so an Important
change took place a change by which
in the course of time the successors of
those who started the movement came
"o abandon their early cause, and to
swerve round to a directly opposite
position. Starting out as socialistic,
the movement became religious; start
ing out as purely democratic, it became
monarchical and theocratic Starting
out, with contempt of w orldly wealth,
it allied itself with wealth, and made
wealth and politics bases of Its earthly
-power. All this was necessary, for no
religion can live merely In an Ideal
-world; and Christianity, had It adhered
in practice as in theory to the letter of
the precepts, long ago would have dis
appeared from among men.
It Is a profound truth that wealth and
rank and station are nothing in com
parison with the importance of man as
man. The ideal herein is of the great
n. est upe; and to a progressive Chris
tianity, using the teachings of the
Founder, the world is chiefly indebted
JCor it. But any practical application
of the socialism of Christ, as many
term it. Is an impossibility. Yet the so
cialistic spirit and doctrine of his pre
cepts and injunctions are the platform
of every person who attacks the "foun
dation and constitution of modern soci
ety. The Christ of the Christian world
today is not, however, the same Christ
as he of the Christian community of
the early time.
MUST GOVERN ITSELF.
Surely it cannot be seriously sup
posed, or even lightly imagined, in any
quarter, that President Roosevelt will
Interfere in the Colorado troubles. How
" could he do so? By sending Federal
troops against the Colora'do militia?
Should he do this then indeed sou
would hear something about his ''arbi
trary tendencies." Then Indeed you
would be furnished "with a reason for
calling him an "unsafe man."
"But didn't President Cleveland send
Federal troops into Illinois, even
against the protest of Governor Alt
geld?" Yes; but under conditions how
different! Interstate traffic was block-
'aded in Chlcasro by rioters, the mails
Uof the United States were obstructed.
,ad the Governor of Illinois -was refus
a
ling, to act. But in Colorado there Is no
alockade of Interstate traffic; no inter
1
ruption of the mails; no Federal ques
tion, of any kind. The action demand
ed of the President in'Colorado, more
over, would at once bring the National
and state authorities into conflict; and
the "very persons who are urging1 the
President to this course would be first
to denounce It as an unconstitutional
scheme of despotism and oppression.
Nor was there anything In the Presi
dent's interposition in the anthracite
coal troubles that could furnish a pre
cedent or parallel for the action he is
now asked to take in Colorado. The
President simply dealt with private
citizens of Pennsylvania and asked
them to make an agreement with their
former employes in the coal mines,
which they did. He did not "invade"
the State of Pennsylvania, in defiance
of its authorities, as he Is now asked to
invade the State of Colorado. He has
no right to send troops into Colorado
to overthrow Its government, unless
that government repudiates the author
ity of the United States. Colorado must
govern itself; or, if It cannot do so, the
Governor or IeglBlature must call on
the President, before he can act.
What the President is asked to do is
simply to send troops into Colorado to
suppress the government of the state.
He Is not so "reckless" or so "unsafe"
a man. Would Mr. Bryan, If President,
do it? "Would Judge Parker? Yet they
doubtless are "safe" men!
SOME SOUL OF TRUTH IN THINGS
UNTRUE.
Upon a frail foundation of fact Mr.
Belasco's genius has reared a prodig
ious fabric of historical fiction and
dramatic truth In "Du Barry." It Is a
ceaseless marvel how readily the ro
mantic annals of France continue to
furnish forth the tale and drama. Is
there another spot in the world where
men and women have had such tremen
dous ups and downs as In the land of
Monte Cristo and Villon, Du Barry and
Sans-Gene? Art can do nothing more
dramatic than history has already done.
One moment Europe Is at the Emper
or's feet the next his broken heart Is
gnawing Itself away in exile. Riche
lieu's devotee returns to share his dis
grace, and almost before he can gain
the fallen statesman's presence the
w heel has turned and the fugitive from
the guillotine becomes the master over
a thousand lives.
The liberty which novelist and play
wright have taken with the course of
history has long been bewailed, and
justly. It is a perverted view of hu
man records he would obtain whose
only sources of information were fiction
and the stage. Caricature, of course,
makes no pretension to accuracy; but
the Lincoln of "The Crisis" Is put to
base uses, and Mr. Belasco has himself
confessed the violence he has done the
times of Louis XV In "Du Barry."
There is something almost sacrilegious
in the way Presidents and Generals are
twisted about to serve some paltry lov
er's enterprise in the typical "historical
novel" and in the plays of Augustus
Thomas and Clyde Fitch.
But this is only half the truth. There
Is a value In these works of the Imag
ination which many wise observers
have put above the value of mere
veracity. The truth the poet or dram
atist sees and In a sense creates Is a
different sort of truth from that dug
from the mine of events by the con
scientious historian. Thackeray's Dukes
and Generals may vary at times from
their nominal originals, but perhaps
they are nearer to truth than truth It
self. Shakespeare's "Richard HI" Is
confessedly not the Richard of history,
but he Is. for all that, the Immortal
exponent of villainy that comes to grief
and crime that brings Inevitably an ac
cusing conscience in its train.
The vogue of fiction, and Its pre-eminence
over fact In popular acceptance,
may serve to show us how slow the
race is to outgrow Its childhood, and
how firm a seat In the affections Is still
occupied and must long continue to be
occupied by the story-tellers and
dreamers Homer, Dante, Shakespeare,
Virgil, The truth these writers set out
Is often at variance with the truth of
history; but it is often truth of a higher
value. -That Is to say, It Is the subli
mated truth of the moral order,
stripped of distracting nonessentials,
and marshaled in ideal formation be
fore the consciousness so as to create
the maximum of moral impression with
the minimum of confusion and waste.
The great artist picks out the great
thoughts and principles and so personi
fies them in his work that they tran
scend In voldness and effectiveness the
raw material of tragedy and ethics-as
It is found in the complicated stream
of life.
Perhaps the very highest form of
truth In fiction Is supplied In the tra
ditions and myths of the Bible. Legend
Itself, which Is a nonhlstorlcal narra
tive handed down through the early
ages by word of mouth, has served a
most profound and beneficent purpose
In all times. It represents the moral
sense of the people preserving It, and
perpetuates that moral sense or convic
tion to successive generations. It
clothes genuine history In attractive
forms, without which all, perhaps,
would be lost; and when It Is fully un
derstood by the historian, he will, as
Professor Carl Budde has said, "not
throw it away, but will make use of it
in the proper sense and In the proper
place; In this way tradition is trans
formed into history."
It is so with the myths of the Bible.
They are the embodiment of tremen
dous and vital truths, which modern
philosophy is able at length to state
abstractly, but which the ancient mind
could only present and perpetuate in
the form of fanciful stories, animated,
nevertheless, by the most profound
moral and religious spirit and intent.
In one of Dr. Lyman Abbott's recent
books this idea has been well worked
out. The Hebrew myth of Eden em
bodied the truth, Dr. Abbott says, that
sin Is willful disobedience of law. The
expulsion from the garden taught the
truth that sorrow Is disciplinary. The
myth of the Deluge embodied the truth
that destruction of sinners can never
cure the world of sin. Abraham shows
us that whoso seeks God shall find, and
Jacob's story that God Is the God of
sinner as well as saint.
When all Is said and done, what the
world needs Is not more accurate In
formation, but sounder impulses. There
has always been light enough In the
world for him who was willing to fol
low the light that was given. How
many million llvres Louis XV squan
dered upon Du Barry or how the two
parted is not nearly so important for
the race to know as that wild and wan
dering ways lead home to ignominy,
agony and shame. The losses at Get
tysburg or Waterloo are not so neces
sary to know as that he who ruleth his
spirit Is greater than he who taketh a
city. What manner of death Du Barry
died is of no consequence, compared
with the higher truth, seemingly. little
comprehended by so many todays that
round the wanton's deathbed no kindly
faces sit, and, that all that is worth
having leaves a woman's life when she
lets dishonor In.
HOW PERSONALITY DOMINATES.
The history of a time is very largely
the record of its' great men. This was
once more true than It is today, and
may be truer than ever again; for we
are now in the midst of a reaction
which was. started perhaps by Lord Ma
caulay in his annals of the seventeenth
century and which takes a minute ac
count of the life and doings of the com
mon people. It 13 reasonably certain
that the theories of racial development
exploited by Talne and Buckle have
gone too far toward a philosophy of
life which subordinates the great man
to a mere exponent or efflorescence of
the common people out of which he
springs. Social evolution Is principally
the advance made by exceptional minds.
The masses are much more the passive
recipients than the producers of the
undertakings of the great.
The great conflicts that mark a na
tion's history are often at bottom bat
tles between opposing ambitions and
desires, rather than the clash of ab
stract Ideas or theories of government
What monarchs prize Is not the bare
doctrine of divine right, but the per
sonal prerogatives they enjoy. The lit
erature of the Napoleonic era, whether
Byronlc verse or Burke's essays, shows
that the ostensible contention for "lib
erty" was in reality an Intense hatred
of the revolutionists and afterward of
Napoleon himself. In British politics
today the fiscal, military and diplo
matic Issues in the public mind are
deftly used by eminent leaders on
either side to fortify their own positions
In the state or lay the foundations of
fancied future preferment. A man's
views on public questions are often de
termined not only by their supposed
bearing on his own political fortunes
but also by the attitude already as
sumed toward them .by friends he ad
mires or enemies hedesires to humili
ate. This truth Is most strikingly exempli
fied In the great conflict which divides
the Democratic party in the United
States today; for while the money ques
tion, which served as the apparent di
viding point between the two wings, Is
confessedly in the background today
and Is even desired to be subordinated
by both the factions, nevertheless the
feud between the Cleveland men and
the Bryan men is quite as bitter as ever
and as hopeless of peaceful settlement
Mr. Cleveland, for example. Is possessed
of a fierce rage against Bryan, which
transcends the bounds of mere Intel
lectual conviction on the gold standard,
and which he Indulges without stint at
evident peril of the cause whose suc
cess he professes earnestly to desire.
And on the other hand Mr. Bryan Is
pursuing the Cleveland men with re
sentment which he manifestly cherishes
above any belief that the country needs
Democratic success and the arrest of
what he calls "imperialism."
Before this campaign Is over it will
doubtless appear that this personal ele
ment involves a very grave menace to
Democratic success. In the Republican
party, had Mr. Hanna lived and pur
sued his Presidential ambition, we
should doubtless have had an exhibit
much similar; but the Republican party
has escaped that fate, for now the lead
ers have nothing to gain by Republican
defeat, buteverythlngto gain by Repub
lican success. In the Democratic party,
on the other hand, those who have
worked with Mr. Bryan see a very aw k
ward situation confronting them In
event of Parker's election; for the cer
tain outcome of that result would be
the elevation of their enemies to power
and their own humiliation.
If Judge Parker should be elected, we
should see the Cabinet, first of all, re
constructed In accordance with the
Ideas of the Cleveland-Belmont-Sill
faction. No silver man and no man
hostile to the trusts could hope for a
seat among the President's advisers,
Inasmuch as Judge Parker has dis
tinctly said. In affirming his adherence
to the gold standard, that he "would
act accordingly." Then we should see
the Important diplomatic posts In for
eign countries filled with eminent Gold
Democrats. Cleveland himself might
go to St James, Belmont to Paris, Gray
to Berlin and possibly Fred Holman to
Constantinople or Rome. Next would
come a distribution of Postoffices,
Custom-Houses, Land Offices, etc.,
among those who were considered good
Democrats by Judge Parker and trait
ors by Mr. Bryan.
It Is too much to expect that Mr.
Bryan and his friends will bestir them
selves very eagerly to demonstrate that
where Brjan failed the Wall-street
crowd can succeed; to show that the
one thing the Democratic party needed
was to cut loose from Bryan and sliver
and take up with Belmont and gold; to
put men in power who have not only
put scorn and derision upon them in
the past, but will look forward eagerly
to Inflicting humiliation upon them In
the future. Mr. Bryan, for example,
certainly cannot think that under Par
ker the people would be more anxious
to turn to him for rescue than under
Roosevelt It Is not strange that Mr.
Bryan proposes to devote himself from
now on to the campaign of 190S. He
has no expectation of such a change In
the aspect of our affairs as the election
of a Democratic President would pro
duce. It would be Idle to count on him
for very strenuous efforts toward
bringing that change to pass.
MAKING PORTLAND KNOWN.
As the foremost agency for bringing
Portland more prominently to the no
tice of the country, the Commercial
Club, under the direction of Manager
Tom Richardson, has employed The
Oregonlan In the Inauguration of a
well-planned, wide-reaching campaign.
A short time ago this paper published
a full-page description of the Commer
cial Club, two pages of the Lewis and
Clark Fair, and a, great deal of the
day's news devoted to industrial and
trade interests. Several thousand cop
ies were mailed not scattered indis
criminately, but sent to men whose at
tention was likely to be arrested. The
first returns are set forth on another
page of this paper and speak .for them
selves. Nothing that Is put forth in the hun
dreds of rational and approved ways of
exploiting a city, a district or a state, is
misapplied. All matter In print or pic
ture, free from exaggeration, Is more
or less effective, but why is It that an
informative article published by a rep
resentative paper In any community
impresses Itself upon the mind of the
far-away reader? What is It that car
ries in cold, black type between the
column rules of a newspaper of estab
lished reputation a certain unquestlon
ablenes that Is seldom associated with
like matter published anonymously or
by trade organizations whose motives
are not less selfish than the newspa
per's? Each works for the upbuilding
of its community; the one especially,
the other incidentally, yet the continu
ous effort of the commercial body
achieves no big results except in con
Junction with the press.
In exploiting its community the news
paper must confine Itself to the truth.
.This Is unconsciously admitted by the
reader, for he knows that the great
newspaper reflects the life of its com
munity. Every day It chronicles the
doings of the many and varied subdi
visions of society. It Is the exponent of
all the activities. You have a complete
picture, perfect In detail, of a com
munity where you read the news, the
editorial and the advertising columns
of the modern enterprising and self
respecting newspaper. Something of
its own character enters into every line
it publishes, and It exerts a potent,
subtle influence not easy to overesti
mate. ,
Exploiting Portland and the Pacific
Northwest Is no new work for The Ore
gonlan. For more than fifty years It
has been so engaged. With what re
sults, let the best. Interests of the Pa
cific Northwest bear testimony. And
this work Is by no means finished. It
Is the ally of the Commercial Club and
every other trade organization in Ore
gon and in the empire east of the Cas
cade Mountains. It will work hand In
hand with the Oregon Development
League soon to be formed. The Pacific
Northwest Is putting on Its ten-league
boots, but Its pace will not be so fast
that The Oregonlan will not keep close
to the head of the procession.
A FUSILLADE OF WORDS.
"All the talk against higher education
that used to be discharged along about
this time," remarks the Saturday Even
ing Post, "seems just now to be con
centrated against the higher education
of women. It makes them unfit for
wifehood and motherhood, for house
keeping and plain living, and for every
thing women ought to love and be de
voted to," we are told. All of this and
much more of the same kind Is sub
stantiated by formidable statistics
such statistics of calamity, real and Im
pending, as only the croaker knows how
to compile, arrange and "discharge"
upon an unsuspecting and reasonably
contented world.
This fusillade of "talk" rumbles on
and on, attracting more or less atten
tion, but on the whole exciting little
concern. Sensible people do not grow
hysterical over the natural trend of
events, but regard mental development
as a thing to be expected In a progres
sive age, regardless of sex, and refrain
from vexing themselves or the commu
nity with words intended to limit Its
application to one-half of mankind. In
pleasing contrast to much that has re-
cently been said upon this subject and
Its correlative subject, w omen In indus
try, and In striking contrast to the
attitude of churchmen and educators
three-quarters of a century ago, are the
views, expressed' by Dr. Newell Dwight
Hillis, now lecturing at Gladstone.
Dr. Hillis recognizes, as does every
manly man, the fact that the home is
pre-eminently woman's field, but, in
common with other thoughtful men, he
regards higher education and woman's
part In our Industrial life as elements
In our development that will, in due
time, work out gratifying results. He
sees In the Increase of wealth and leis
ure the gradual withdrawal of woman
from the earning force of the world
and her return to the home, from which
radiates soc'al life and culture and hap
piness, without which wealth and in
dustry lose their consecration and In
centive. Most people, or at least many people,
lose sight of the fact that woman's
Invasion (as It is called) of the indus
trial realm was largely brought about
by the necessities of the situation. Crit
ics talk of women In Industry as though
they were there by reason of unwom
anly ambition or the promptings of a
rebellious spirit Looking about us, we
see in reality but few women who" are
wage-earners from choice. We do see,
however, a grand army of women who,
at the sacrifice of their own Inclina
tions, have become wage-earners in or
der that they and their dependent ones
may have homes with the refinement
and protection which the word desig
nates. Among women who accept the terms
of a necessity that bids them go out
into the world to make home3 for oth
ers or to maintain themselves are to
be found the real heroines of the age.
The life Is not of their choosing, but
they accept its duties and rise to- meet
its opportunities not half-heartedly
and shamefacedly, but with spirit and
dignity. If Individual Independence has
been born of this necessity, he Is a
churl Indeed who would grudge the
woman worker this legitimate meed of
her endeavor, or seek to belittle the
womanliness that lies behind, If it does
not shine through It
UNCLE SAM'S BARGAIN COUNTER.
The great land lottery under the aus
pices of the Government, now In prog
ress In South Dakota, passed It3 first
or registration stage on Friday. The
CPded lands of the Rosebud reservation
form the basis of this distribution, and
thousands eager to participate in the
ultimate drawing have registered and
await in nope and anxiety the result of
the drawing, which will begin under
direction of the Department of the In
terior at Bonesteel, S. D., August 8,
1904.
The lands subject to entry under pro
visions made plain and equitable by the
Government comprise In all 382,000
acres. This, with the exception of
about a dozen sandy sections, is well
adapted to farming. People who have
not known the pleasures of the North
Pacific Coast climate regard the climate
of that portion of South Dakota as de
lightful. As to the rest the soil Is fer
tile, the country generally well wat
ered, the precipitation ample for farm
ing purposes, and the surrounding
country is flanked on all sides by culti
vated farms and peopled by a thrifty.
Intelligent yeomanry.
It is not strange that, with the ad-
vantages thus set forth, the desire to
Become possessor or aou acres or these
ceded lands should partake of the na
ture of land fever and scatter contagion
far and wide. In this 'as In all other
cases, the personal equation will enter
and decide the result That Is to say,
the thriftless, the discouraged and those
lacking In the grand determining qual
ities of prudence, industry and persist
ence will in a few years meet failure
on the Rosebud and assert in complain
ing tonea that conditions were misrep
resented ti them, Just as men of the
same class have done from time to time
In Oregon and elsewhere. One man
will succeed, and perhap his. neighbor
with adjoining holdings will fail. Jn
due time the wedlng-out prececs will
begin, and th'a tide of discouragement
will bear the human flotsam away on
its ever-moving current.
While to the man who has spent
a few years In the Pacific North
west the climate of Dakota Is a condi
tion to be shunned, those accustomed
to the extremes of temperature and
trying seasons of the East and Middle
Northwest will have no fault to find
with the climate of the Rosebud lands.
The cost of entry and occupation has
been reduced to the minimum and the
acquirement of titfe has been made
easy. No person Is allowed to settle
upon any of these lands until after Oc
tober 8, 1904, who has not made entry
therefor according to the plan elaborat
ed by the Government Horses, bicy
cles and automobiles will not be ele
ments in. the coming contest After
having registered,, in accordance with
the provisions laid down, the applicant
may go about his business and await
the turn of Uncle Sam's fortune-wheel,
absolutely certain that he will be treat
ed fairly at the great bargain counter.
No one will gain or lose anything by
the time, place or order of his registra
tion, and it Is not necessary that per
sons registered shall be present at the
drawing.
- In brief, the cost, confusion and
worry Incident to a Government land
opening have been reduced by this plan
to the minimum. The humblest citizen,
having followed out the simple require
ments In the case, wlH stand as good
a chance to get a desirable quarter sec
tion as he who Is most Influential. There
are "splendid bargains," as the department-store
advertisement runs, upon
this great Federal bargain counter, but
special prices are not made. The con
ditions made are for the purpose of
shutting out those who would otherwise
speculate upon the Government's generosity.
GREAT GENERALS NOT MADE BY
SCHOOLS.
A very Intelligent correspondent
sends us the class rank of graduation
of noted Army officers, which shows
that while some able soldiers were men
ot scholastic distinction at West Point
quite as many were men of small schol
astic distinction. To Illustrate: Mc
Clellan, Lee, Beauregard, Newton, Hal
leck, Howard, Isaac I. Stevens, Bragg,
Sherman, Schofield, Fltz John Porter,
Albert Sidney Johnston, Joseph E. John
ston, Rosecrans, Tower, McPherson,
Wright, Lyon, Paul O. Hebert, Will
iam F. Smith, Charles P. Stone, War
ren, Thomas L Wood and John G. Fos
ter were excellent scholars, but there
were no men of superior generalship
among them save Lee, Beauregard, Ste
vens, Sherman, Schofield, Porter, J. E.
Johnston and McPherson. The middle
class man was most fertile in the pro
duction of able Generals. Out of this
middle class came Grant Thomas, John
F. Reynolds, Meade, Buell, Ord, Lyon,
Sheridan, Crook, Gibbon, Bee, Hunt,
Hancock, Couch, David A. Russell,
Pickett, Longstreet, Early, Hood, Ewell,
McLaws, "Stonewall" Jackson, Getty,
Hardee, A. J. Smith, J. E. B. Stuart
Merrltt, Sedgwick, Hooker, Wheeler,
Pope, A. P. Hill, D. S. Stanley and
Humphreys.
The rank of these men varied. Some
of them stood above the middle of their
class; some of the ablest like Long
street, stood at the foot. Our corre
spondent Inquires what we think of the
value of a military education which
graduates a McClellan at the head of
his class and a Longstreet at the foot
of his class. McClellan proved a mili
tary failure, while Longstreet, after Lee
and Joe Johnston, was probably the
ablest soldier of the Southern Confed
eracy. The explanation Is not difficult
No college, military or civil, pretends
to endow Its pupils with brains. It can
furnish them with opportunities for the
acquisition of learning, but whether
they can digest their learning and can
make practical application of It in their
profession in every-day life nobody can
tell. You cannot teach a man judg
ment; you cannot Instruct him In the
Impalpable art of leadership. Look
over the catalogues of civil colleges and
you will find quite as many disappoint
ments; men of high scholarship re
maining obscure all their days; men of
moderate attainments rising to public
distinction.
But there is something to be said of
West Point that cannot be said In ex
tenuation of other colleges the fact
that a-NSuperior scholar In military
mathematics, military engineering and
fortification, easily goes to the front
obscures the military talents of men
who have great natural aptitude for In
fantry battle tactics, and mastery of
Infantry battle tactics was the test of
capacity in our Civil War. No great
General of history rested his reputa
tion on defensive warfare. The capa
city to take the offensive is the test of
a great commander. This explains
Longstreet, GranfJackson and Sheri
dan. Grant was a fine mathematician
and the most daring horseman In his
class. This means a clear head and a
cool, resolute temper. What Is wanted
for a great General In an offensive cam
paign is not that he. should be a great
military engineer, but that he should
be a master of Infantry battle tactics
Longstreet was never a military engi
neer, but he was a master of Infantry
and artillery tactics. So was Hancock,
who, while nominally a corps com
mander, led 30,000 men Into battle at
Spottsylvanla. West Point no more
promises that Its first scholars shall
become able Generals than Harvard
promises that Its first scholars shall be
come distinguished in civil life.
The record of the standing of eminent
soldiers at West Point is deceptive in
this respect, that the capacity to excel
In the studies that make a military
engineer count for more than capacity
for the understanding of Infantry battle
tactics on a large scale. To Illustrate:
General Isaac L Stevens, the old-time
Governor of Washington Territory, led
his class at West Point In 1839, and was
always a distinguished man in public
life, while Paul 0. Hebert, who led
hl3 class of 1840, was always a brave
soldier but never a man of military
ability beyond the command or a bri
gade. Hebert was a military scholar
and student, but Stevens was not only
this, but he was a man of intellectual
power that would have shone In any
walk or lire.
The specific function of West Point is
to educate a body of officers In the
fundamentals of the military profes
sion. Of course no school or college,
civil or military, promises to produce
men of genius. West Point does fur
nish that training that makes efficient
military subordinates, and the recora of
both the Confederate and Union armies
.at the conclusion of the Civil War
shows the superiority of West Point
training; for when Lee surrendered the
armies on both sides were commanded
from top ta bottom In all important re
spects by "West Point graduates. In
the last year of the Civil War tier vu
not a battle of any consequence fought
In which a West Point graduate did not
command on either side.
The Merchant Marine Commission
will meet In Portland Augusts to listen
to the views of all Interested parties
regarding the best method for upbuild
ing the American merchant marine. A
joint committee of the Chamber of
Commerce and Commercial Club has. la
sued a general invitation to all persons
In the possession of Ideas of value on
this subject to be present and give the
committee the benefit of their views.
In visiting Portland the commission
will undoubtedly get nearer to the
freight producers of the Pacific Coast
than at any other port, and if there Is
any one In a position to give expert tes
timony on such matters It is the man
who pays the freight The shipping
business of the ports both north and
south of the Columbia is in most cases
largely made up of freight brought
overland from the East, and according
ly the views of the shipper as to
whether his freight should go In Amer
ican, German, British or Japanese ships
are not obtainable here. Portland, how
ever, exports more wheat than all other
Pacific Coast ports combined, and has
shipped more big cargoes of lumber
than have been sent from any other
port on earth. Handling a business of
such magnitude, with all of it drlglnat
lng right here, our shippers are natur
ally In a position to give expert testi
mony on a matter that is less thor
oughly understood In ports where less
business of this character originates.
When the Bolivian government re
ceived $10,000,000 in settlement of the
Acre dispute, it dispatched a represent
ative to New York with authority to In
vest that amount in a syndicate to be
formed for the purpose of building Bo
livian railroads and developing the
country. The estimated outlay was
$35,000flWO, and the project Involved the
opening of a vast region of rich mining
and agricultural land. The Americans,
however, turned down the project and
the Bolivian representative took his
"$10,000,000 to France. It Is now an
nounced that he ha3 closed a contract
with French capitalists and the work
will probably becarrled on under French
auspices. If a nation or an Individual
cannot lose that which they do not
have, the United States Is probably not
much of a sufferer by the failure of
American capital to go Into a country
where it might feel lonesome. The
patriots who are now bemoaning the
fact that British, German and French
shipowners are In control of the South
American shipping trade cannot how
ever, with consistency a few years
hence explain our light trade with Bo
lllva as being due to the lack of a
ship subsidy. "Trade follows the flag"
sometimes, and not infrequently It goes
right along with it
Dipping cattle, to prevent the spread
of mange and other disorders, Is prac
ticed at some of the shipping points of
our great ranges. The "dope" in great
vats, through which the creatures are
made to swim, contains germicides that
kill the pests and render the cattle in
nocuous. This Is a development of the
cattle business that has taken the place
pf quarantine methods, at once expen
sive and defective. It renders the ship
ping of cattle In crowded cars relatively
safe and satisfactory. The process is
used at Echo, the great shipping point
for cattle in Umatllja County, with suc
cess. Stockmen of Montana some time
ago united In a protest to the Secretary
of Agriculture against the order that
requires all cattle to be dipped pefore
leaving the state, and have secured a
suspension of the order until April, 1905,
after which vigorous measures will be
taken to enforce the dipping process in
Montana. This postponement was prob
ably necessary to enable cattle-shippers
to make adequate preparation for the
great dipping process, but this neces
sity 13 much regretted, Blnce It gives
full nine months In which Infected cat
tle may slip across the border.
Perhaps a little more stringency In
the laws governing the operation of
railroads might reduce the death rate
on the American lines. Thl3 view was
suggested by a report recently Issued
by the British Board of Trade giving in
detail the fatalities on British railroads
last year. This report shows a total of
123 passengers killed and 1912 Injured
during 1903. A similar report on Amer
ican railroad casualties. Just issued by
the Interstate Commerce Commission,
shows a total of 225 passengers killed
and 8231 Injured last year. At first
glance It might seem that the com
paratively had showing made by the
American roads was due to the much
greater magnitude of the business In
this country. This view Is not war
ranted by the facts, for while the
American roads killed one passenger
out of every 2,000,000 carried, those of
the United Kingdom killed but one out
of every 47,700,000 carried.
Mr. James J. Hill thinks Roosevelt
not "safe." August Belmont thinks him
not "safe." Baer, the coal trust man
ager, thinks him not "safe." But all
these and more think Parker safe. And
they also think DaIs safe. The word
"safe," In their vocabulary, as applied
to men, means those whom the trusts
can trust And In their dictionary the
leading synonym for "dangerous" Is
Roosevelt
Yet how can there be a "race Issue"
when the negro has been disfranchised
and cast out of the body politic in all
the Southern States where the negroes
are numerous enough to count for any
thingexcept as a basis of representa
tion (wrongfully) in Congress and the
Electoral College? There is no negro
vote in the South, nor will there be.
The race Issue, then, izy politics. Is
merely fictitious.
Attention 13 called to a brief news ar
ticle in this morning's Issue, giving the
facts as we have been able to gather
them relative to present affairs of the
A. O. U. W. In Its original editorial ar
ticle as well as in the news article this
morning, The Oregonlan had no pur
pose but to benefit and please this great
and beneficent order.
Ourdlstlngulshed fellow-citizen, Colo
nel Fred V. Holman, now at New York,
says he has "a firm ielief" that Parker
and Davis will be elected. He does
admit, however, that there Is "little
chance" that they will carry Oregon."
Such discouragement in an Oregonlan
Is Bad to dee.
Granges In the vicinity of this city
are making arrangements for the Oc
tober falr3 of their several districts
These fairs promote friendly competi
tion and good-fellowship- among .farm
ers and fruitgrowers, and are worthy of
encouragement aud commendation.
I NOTE AND COMMENT!
' A Feat of Arms. ?
Russia took a ship
And the ship's men.
And then let the ship.
And the men go again.
Burns Up to Date.
O my Luve'a like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June?
O my Luve'a like the "Navajo';
That's sweetly played in tunel
The Greeting.
He'd been away for many yean
Around the world to roam,
And now was smiling through hlsjteara
Beside his bo) hood's home.
He'd made l little speech to greet
Hla friends oC long ago.
But when he met them In the street
Ha simply said "Hello!"
The girl with whom he'd left his heart
His own Multnpmah peach
He'd charm her with the lover's art
Of little, honeyed speech;
The phrases poets all hae sung.
The "words of warmth and glow.
They tremblod on his eager tongue
He met her with "Hello!"
He lived a long and worthy life.
As husband, father, friend.
And when age wearied him of strife
Prepared to meet his end.
He harvested his falling breath .
For solemn words and slow,
Tet hailed the mighty monarch, Death,
"With, ust a plain "Hellol"
By the way, Richard Harding Davis
hasn't won a battle yet
Contraband of war Is stuff shipped by
a nation with a small navy.
So far Mount Shasta haa shown 1 no
signs of wanting to run away.
A clock strikes to mark time.
Men strike and then mark time.
Rain stops the fighting In Manchuria.
It wouldn't stop a picnic In Oregon. '
In the .current number of Scrlbner'a
Kipling has a story called 'They.
Them'3 all right, too.
Last week, with Mrs. Leslie Carter In
town, the red-headed girls looked even
prouder of it than usual.
Portland's Chinese have a new Joss.
Let's laugh at them, and continue to
pray for the kind of weather we want
A 13-year-old girl of Deer Park, Waeh.,
has been married. Her parents may have
thought that a husband would be a nice
addition to her stock of dolls.
Chief Hunt has forbidden prisoners In
the City Jail 4o receive delicacies from
the outside. A few more restrictions of
this kind and a man might a3 well be at
home aa In jail.
An English publisher wrathfully .de
clares "nothing la selling except six
penny reprints and books on bridge," It's a
mean publisher that reviles the bridge
which carries him over the silly-season
stream.
A young man "writes to ask the best
way of spending his week's -vacation with
the view of obtaining rest About the, only
way uiat we know he could spend a rest
ful vacation would be to have the Warden
of the penitentiary lock him up In a dark
cell.
Just as obllvlbn was throwing Its dark
cloak over Mrs. Nation, notoriety steps
forward and drags her into the daylight
once more. The good lady went into a
saloon In Kentucky and proceeded to tell
the owner what she thought of him. The
saloonman, disdaining to raise his hand
against a woman, with true Southern
chivalry laid her out cold with the leg
of a chair. Mrs. Nation will recover. The
saloonman should be severely punished.
A strange accident occurred recently
on. the Miami and Erie canal. Henry
Yetter, a harnes3maker of Grand Rap
ids, was watching his 10-year-old son
swimming, when the boy was suddenly
seized with cramps. Yetter forgetting his
handicap of a cork leg, plunged into the
water, and father and son were drowned
within a few feet of each other. The cork
leg prevented the man from keeping hla
balance in the water, and his body was
found floating with the head below the
surface. It Is strange how helpless any
thing of the kind renders a person In the
water. Let a life-preserver slip down the
body, and It becomes a destroyer. One ta
almost as helpless aa the inexperienced
diver, who loses his balance and becomes
a derelict on the surface, floating upside
down, to the laughter of those in sight
of the bolloon-llke protuberance In the
dlving-sult that appears above water.
"An Idea which seems to have obtained
general credence In the United States,"
say3 Vlce-Consul-General Conley, "Is
that If an American abroad finds himself
stranded he can always get home by ap
plying to his Consul. Where or how this
Idea originated Is unknown, but it seemo
to be poeessed by at least 95 per cent
of the Americans who travel abroad."
As Mr. Conley Is stationed la Mexico
City, where a large number of American
travelers are always to be found, he Is in
on excellent position to gain experience.
Hitherto Americans abroad have not been
so numerous as the travelers of other na
tionalities, and United States Consuls
we beg Mr. Hay's pardon, American Con
sulshave frequently allowed sentiment
to overcome judgment and have thereby
suffered In pocket "If the American is to
become a world-wanderer," concludes Mr.
Conley, "he should observe the methods
of his English cousins, who expect to
depend upon their own resources under
all conditions and circumstances."
"So long as men remain so pertinacious
ly conservative in the matter of drees,"
says the Chicago Record-Herald, "they
will continue to have several weeks ot each
year the pleasant sensations of being al
ternately boiled, and broiled. Hadn't they
better take a few lessons from their
wives?" And to show theabilltyot the wives
to teach the husbands, the Record-Herald
says? "Women dress sensibly In hot
weather. They wear shirtwaists that
the cooling winds can whistle through.
Their Summer skirts are light and airy.
Their Summer hats Bit high on their
heads and dq not obstruct the breezes.
They would not think of lugging about
a heavy, hot pair ot high shoes." We fear
that the usual acumen of tho Record
Herald 13 not displayed in this attempt to
belittle the common sense of men. As the
New York Press' remarked a few days
ago, a woman can manage to look 'like
an Iced lemonade when she's feeling Uk9
a hot Scotch. Women, so far as we n
observe, do not dress to be cool but to
look cool. Qn the surface, they appear
to have the better ot man In the way of
gauzy attire. Man has no garment that
"the cooling winds can whistle through."
On the other hand well, &e hat nothing
round his waist but a loose belt
WKXTOKD JOHM.
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