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3POBTLAND, SUNDAY, JUNE 26, 1904.
A STORY OF EXPANSION.
Mere territory, however great, can
not constitute a nation, but the spirit
of a people; and If the spirit be great,
then the nation has need of great room
to bustle in. Of modern nations Eng
land has overcome her narrow limits
by command of the sea and by exten
sion of colonial power. Russia has
found immense contiguous territory for
expansion, swallowing nations upon her
march. Twice in her modern history
France has lost vast colonial posses
sions, and is now doing, what she can,
but with indifferent success, to estab
lish colonies once more. Germany, since
she came to act as a practical unit, is
trying to found a colonial empire, with
what success the future must deter
mine. Nearly the whole of the vast conti
nent of North America Mexico and the
Centra American States being the ex
ceptionshas come under the control of
the expansionists of the original Eng
lish colonies. Omitting British Amer
ica, let us trace briefly the steps of the
expansion of the United States, from
the date of the Revolution.
In 1776 the territorial claims of the
thirteen colonies extended from nearly
the present northern boundary of the
State of Maine to the southern bound
ary of the present State of Georgia, and
westward to the Mississippi. In the re
gion of the Northern Mississippi River
and of the Great Lakes the line cut
nearly through the middle, east and
west, of the present States of Michigan
and Wisconsin. North of this line con
siderable portions of these states, to
gether with a part of Minnesota, were
still British territory outside the thir
teen colonies: but by the peace treaty
of 17S3 this district was ceded to the
XTnlted States.
But the divisions of the territory from
the Allegheny Mountains to the Missis
sippi River, between the various colo
niesor rather the boundaries claimed
by them wear a singular look upon
maps or diagrams made for illustration
of the history. Certain areas, especial
ly in the Ohio Valley, were claimed by
more than one of the colonies. Bound
aries intersected and overlapped each
other, and there was much trouble to
adjust them.
Virginia claimed the territory from
the western boundary of Pennsylvania
to the Mississippi River, embracing the
present Virginias and Kentucky, and
the southern one-half of the present
States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.
The north half of the three states last
named was territory claimed by Con
necticut. Massachusetts claimed the
southern half of the territory occupied
by the present States of Michigan and
"Wisconsin. The western part of North
Carolina included territory out of which
the present State of Tennessee was
formed: to which, however, was added
Uo Tennessee) a strip on the south,
claimed by South Carolina. Georgia
claimed westward to the Mississippi;
and out of her territory was made the
greater part of the present States of
Mississippi and Alabama. The south
ern portion of these two states was,
however, formed of a strip extending
from the west line of Georgia to the
Mississippi, ceded by Great Britain to
the United States, at the close of the
Revolution, and of another strip ac
quired later, from the Spanish domain
of Florida, which then also extended
westward to the Mississippi. How the
adjustments to the present boundaries
of all these states were made would be
too long to tell here. West of the Mis
sissippi, to the Rocky Mountains, was
first French, then Spanish, ahd a little
later -French territory again. Acquisi
tion of this territory was the first after
the treaty of peace with Great Britain
in 17S3.
More familiar, because more recent,
and especially more familiar to the In
habitants of the Pacific States, was the
acquisition of the Oregon Country, fol
lowed by the annexation of Texas and
the conquest and purchase of Califor
nia. This has been written so orten in
recent times that it may be passed over
now.
In 1804 the Territory of Orleans was
created out of the southern part of the
Louisiana Purchase. It extended to the
northern boundary of the present State
of Louisiana. The remainder of the
vast territory (west of the Mississippi),
extending north to the British line and'
west to the Rocky Mountains, was des
ignated as the Louisiana District At
that time the region between the State
of Ohio and the Mississippi River.
reaching north to the British line, was
called the Territory of Indiana, out of
which states were successrvely formed.
About 1810 the name of the Louisiana
District was changed to the Territory
of Missouri, and in IS 12 Louisiana be-i
came a state. Indiana followed in 1816;
Mississippi in 1817; Illinois in 1818; Ala
bama In 1819; Maine Jn 1S20; Missouri In
182L The next state was Arkansas, in
1836; then Michigan, in 1S37: Florida and
Texas in 1845; Iowa in 1846, and Wiscon
sin in 1848.
At this time the movement to the Far
West had actively begun, and the Ter
ritory of Oregon was organized. At
this time also the vast Mexican cession
was added, extending from the north
ern boundary, of Mexico of today to the
southern boundary of Oregon, and from
the summit of the Rocky Mountains to
the Pacific Ocean. When the early set
tlers of Oregon were crossing the plains
they passed through' the Territory of
Nebraska, which extended from , the
southern boundary of the state of that
name northward to the British posses
sions, and was bounded on the west by
the Territory of Oregon.
The Gadsden Purchase of 1S53 was
the next acquisition, after California.
This was not Important, as it was most
ly arid territory, having an area of but
36,000 square miles. It is divided be
tween the Territories of Arizona and
New Mexico. Acquisition of Alaska in
1867 was the next step in expansion.
This vast territory, destined to a de
velopment that could not be foreseen at
the time of the purchase, added to our
National domain an area nearly as
large as that claimed by the thirteen
colonies or states at the close of the
Revolution. Of the later acquisitions,
Hawaii. Porto Rico and the Philippines,
mention only will be made here. They
introduce new'problems Jn our National
life, to which some of our people say
we are unequal; though we are in fact
meeting them very well.
From an area of about 700,000 square
miles, at the time our National Inde
pendence began, expansion has carried
our domain to an area of 3,771,000
square miles. There have been twelve
additions to the original territory of the
Union, and the whole population In
cluding that, of the insular posses.slons,
approximates ninety millions.
APPORTIONMENT IS WRONG.
The late United States Senator Quay
did not leave behind him a record of
beneficent public achievement. But his
name has nevertheless been coupled
with a plan to promote equitable appor
tionment in Republican National Con
ventions by reducing to a correct basis
the overwhelming prominence of the
delegations from the Southern States
overwhelming In view of their Import
ance, or want of importance, to the
party in National elections. At the
Philadelphia convention in 1900 there
was a definite movement on the part of
many delegations" from Republican
states to resolve the representation
from the Democratic South into some
thing like fairness. It found expression
in a resolution introduced by Senator
Quay, and it was received with no little
sympathy among the Republicans who
provide the votes at National elections
and whose activity Is not confined
chiefly to pestering the President and
hounding his Cabinet and department
heads for Federal jobs. Senator Hanna
Is held responsible for the death of the
Quay resolution, for it never saw the
light of day. But it ought to have been
adopted. The present arrangement is a
most inexcusable injustice to states
which furnish the bulk of the Repub
lican votes and elect Republican Presi
dents. Let us examine some of the figures:
At the recent Chicago convention there
were 862 delegates, exclusive of terri
tories. The basis of apportionment is
two delegates for every member of Con
gress. That is to say, no matter what
the Republican vote in a state, the rep
resentation to a party convention is
based on population, and not on the
party vote. Here is a direct violation
of the rule that obtains In every other
party convention whatever state,
county, pity. Suppose, for example,
that the Oregon Republican State Con
vention were to have Its apportionment
made up on the figures of the last cen
sus report. The Democratic County of
Baker would very probably have a
greater representation than the Repub
lican County of Lane a manifest
wrong. As It Is, there are six Southern
States that have each more delegates at
Chicago than the State of Oregon, and
each cast fewer votes for McKlnley in
1900. Here is Just how the matter
stands, the following table showing the
vote for McKlnley in 1900 and the rep
resentation in the Chicago convention:
Dole- Rep. Vote
rates. IfXtt
Alabama 22 55,034
Arkansas 18 44.SO0
Florida 10 7.419
Georgia 26 3.V035
Louisiana 18 14,233
Mississippi 20 5.753
North Carolina 24 133.0S1
South Carolina 18 3.570
Tennessee 24 121,134
Texas 36 130.641
Virginia - 24 115.865
Totals 240 667.234
Oregon 8' 46,526
Analysis of this table will disclose
some astonishing Inconsistencies. Thus
eleven Southern States that-never since
the days of the carpet-bag and the ku-
kluxi cast a single electoral vote for
any candidate for President have near
ly 30 per cent of the entire convention,
and more often than not hold the bal
ance of power in naming a Republican
candidate for President. Out of an ag
gregate of 7,219,101 votes for McKlnley,
these eleven Democratic states contrib
uted 667.234, or less than one-tenth. The
great Republican States of New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, with a
total popular Republican vote of 2.414,
638, have 222 delegates at Chicago, or
eighteen less than the solid South; and
yet these four have fourfold more Re
publican votes than the eleven.
Take the case of Florida, with 10 dele
gates and 7419 McKlnley votes about
16 per cent of the Oregon vote. It has
the same representation as Washington
with 57,456 for McKInle5 It exceeds
Delaware, Idaho, Montana, Nevada.
New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oregon,
Rhodelsland, South Dakota, Utah, Ver
mont and Wyoming.
Look at Mississippi, with 20 delegates
and 5753 votes. It holds equal voting
power at Chicago with California, with
164,755, and Kansas the great and im
portant Republican State of Kansas
with 185,955. It exceeds Connecticut,
Maine. Maryland, Nebraska and West
Virginia-
Virginia, always in the Democratic
ranks in Presidential years, equals
New Jersey and exceeds Minnesota.
And Texas has more than any Repub
lican state-except New York, Pennsyl
vania. Ohio and Illinois.
The question did not come forward
prominently at Chicago, because there
were no Issues among the delegates
euner as to candwates or platform. But
it "will press Itself on the attention of
Republicans at some future time. Ore
gon has a pitifully small voice in the
National Convention, considering its
value to the party at large; and it
ought to have more to say than some
Southern politicians who can "benefit the
Republican partly only by getting out
of it.
NORTH PACIFIC EXPORT TRADE.
The Seattle Post-InteUlgencer criti
cises the Oregon delegation to the Na
tional Convention for opposing the plat
form declaration for subsidizing Amer
ican ships. It attempts to explain the
Oregon opposition to the subsidy
scheme on the grounds that Oregon has
no American -shipping and is content to
let foreigners do our business. The Se
attle paper presents some unexplained
figures which tend to show that the
American-tonnage" from .Puget Sound Is
greater than that of New York and
Boston combined. The explanation of
the Seattle -paper concludes with the
following:
Puget Sound Is a great American nort. the
Reading port of the United States In the pro
portionate volume of Its trade carried In
American ships. Portland has no ships, never
expects to have any. and takes Its cue In such
matters from the only shipping' Interests with
which It Is In touch, the agents of the foreign
vessels which carry its trade. Washington Is
heartily Interested in the subject from the
American point of view. Oregon Is stolidly
opposed, from .the -viewpoint of the foreign
settlement which controls the shipping from
its port. .
Ignorance, not only of the shipping of
Portland, but of Puget Sound as well,
Is the only excuse that can be offered
for such misleading statements as the
above. With no desire to enlarge fur
ther on the iniquities of the subsidy
scheme at this time, The Oregonlan will
merely present some unadorned facts
for the consideration of the Seattle pa
per and of the public. The foreign
trade out of Portland and Puget Sound
consists of the export of. lumber, grain
and flour. These are the three great
commodities which practically fill all of
the ships that leave our shores for for
eign ports. Shipping men classify them
as follows: The grain fleet, the lumber
fleet, and the Oriental fleet, the latter
handling nearly all of the export flour
business out of t'te ports. Now as to
the "foreign settlement which controls
the shipping" of Portland.
Taking the fleets in the order named,
by official records we find that since
January 1 Portland has dispatched fif
teen grain vessels and Puget Sound has
dispatched eight. The vessels all sailed
under foreign flags, and of the Port
land fleet Kerr, Gifford & Co. dis
patched five vessels; Balfour, Guthrie
& Co., fivs; Portland Flouring Mills
Company and Portland Grain Company
two each, and the Northwestern Ware
house Company one. From Puget Sound
Balfour, Guthrie &. Co. dispatched three
vessels; Kerr, Gifford & Co., two;
Northwestern Warehouse Company
two, and the Portland Flouring Mills
Company one. It is thus evident that
the "foreign settlement," whatever that
term may mean, controls Puget Sound
grain tra-de as well as that of
Portland.
The foreign lumber fleet since Janu
ary 1 has been much larger than the
grain fleet, and the ten big ports on
Puget Sound dispatched 76 cargoes,
while Portland alone dispatched 22.
This foreign fleet from Puget Sound in
cluded 2S American and 49 foreign ships,
while Portland's fleet was made up of
15 American and 7 foreign vessels. Ta
coma, Seattle and Blakeley combined
dispatched but 13 American ships with
lumber, or two less than were cleared
foreign from Portland. American ship
ping, instead of being scarce, was so
plentiful that five out of the sixteen
vessels which loaded at Vancouver,
Chenamus and Victoria, B. C, since
January 1, were under the American
flag.
In the flour trade twenty-five steam
ers have been dispatched from Puget
Sound since January 1, and eight from
Portland. Of the Puget Sound fleet
fourteen flew the American flag and
eleven were foreigners. The Portland
fleet were all foreign ships. The fore
going figures, which can be verified at
Seattle, Port Townsend, Portland or
any other seaport on the Pacific Coast,
prove conclusively that the export grain
trade of Puget Sound Is handled by ex
actly the same class of "vessels and by
the same men as that of Portland.
They also show that in the lumber
trade, which uses more deep-water ton
nage than is required for any other
traffic in the Northwest, Portland is
clearing a larger percentage of Amer
ican shipping than Is cleared .by any
other port on the Pacific Coast. In the
Oriental trade as In the grain trade our
flour shipments go forward by the ves
sels that will carry them at the lowest
rates, thus enhancing the value of the
cargo.
The invincible objection to ship sub
sidy is that it proposes to tax the pro
ducers of the country for further en
richment of those who are already rich
r at least rich enough to own ships
and operate them; thus taking away by
taxation money from the greater num
ber, always poor, to support the de
mands of those who are already rich, or
who would have the Government make
them rich by taxation of the general
industry of the country to put money
in their own pockets. The object Is to
use the law to make a wealthy class at
the expense of the general Industry of
the country. The ocean Is an open field.
on which there Is world-wide competi
tion. Why make a law to aggrandize
greedy American capitalists, on the
highway of mankind? The people of
the United States never will do it.
"FOURTH OF JULY TETANUS" AND
NOISE.
The Journal, published by the Amer
ican Medical Association, has a tlmelv
article on the "Prophylaxis and Treat
ment of .Fourth of July Tetanus," to
which it is proper to call special atten
tion. The writer proceeds unon the as
sumption that toy pistols and other
dangerous Instruments of noise will be
placed in the hands of reckless bovs on
the coming anniversary, as has been
aone in the past, notwithstanding the
efforts that have been made bv munici
pal authorities in many cities, Including
our own, to place these death-dealing,
nerve-racking abominations of sound
and smoke under official ban. This as
sumption seems here at least tn hp
justified, since The Oregonlan Is in-
rormeu Dy a leading physician of this
city that a few days ago he noticed in
passing a show window of a well-
known Japanese store that it was fllfod
with toy pistols exposed for sale at at
tractive prices. He warned the propri
etor that sales of these pistols would
be in violation of the law, and was in
formed by him that he had a license to
sell fireworks from the city, and had
not oeen notified of any exception to
the sale of any of his ordinary stock
in trade. He may be informed later
but there is no means of knowing how
many of these pistols have already
found their way Into juvenile hands.
It may reasonably be supposed, how
ever, that more than one case of tet
anus will he developed through the
agency of these miniature infernal ma
chines, hence it may. be assumed that
the Medical Journal's presentment of
the pathology and treatment of this dis
ease will be of Interest.
In the beginning a table is given from
which It is found that 405 deaths from
tetanus were caused by Fourth of July
fireworks In 1903, while but seven recov
eries from this disease. Induced by the
same cause, were recorded. Other fig
ures are given showing an appalling
number of injuries, more or less seri
ous but nonfatal, which resulted from
the senseless, indiscriminate placing of
dangerous explosives in the hands of
boys and other irresponsible persons.
Other figures are given bearing upon
the subject, but these are sufficient to
show that the demand for the suppres
sion of the toy pistol and for properly
restricting the sale of Fourth of July
explosives is a legitimate one.
An exhaustive presentment of the
subject shows clearly the nature of the
disease known to .medical science as
tetanus and to the public as "lockjaw."
The bacillus of this dreaded disease is
traced from its presence in street dirt,
its introduction Into deep wounds by
means of the dirty wad of the toy pis
tol or the cartridge that is exploded in
the street to its fatal occupation of the
motor fibers of the spinal cord, and on
to the final result.
.While all of this is Interesting, and a
heedless public needs the Information
that it conveys, for its simple enlighten
ment upon a matter that has become
one of vital Importance, it is not prac
ticable to go into details more fully
here. Rather let us say with the au
thority quoted that the most desirable
way to put an end to all of this source
of mortality is to prevent the wounds
that begin the trouble. Abolition of
blank cartridges and giant crackers
from the carnival of dirt and noise,
fright and foul odors would have- re
duced the number of deaths due to the
Fourth of July epidemic last year to
less than twenty. If there is any rea
son why an intelligent community
should not arise in the simple might of
common sense and prevent the sale of
these twin abominations, that reason
has not been given. They could be
abolished and still the children small
or of larger growth could find plenty
of instruments of distracting sound to
voice the peculiar type of patriotism
which they boast.
Display fireworks, such as Roman
candles and. rockets, are relatively
harmless. So far as could be learned,
and the Inquiry was a searching one, no
tetanus affections resulted from paper
caps and the small firecrackers. Surely
these harmless forms of explosives
ought to be sufficient for the entertain
ment of children and for "instilling
patriotism" or at least equal value with
the toy pistol and the cannon cracker.
NOT ALTOGETHER SANE.
Charles Lamb Is one of the most lova
ble men in literature. In his lifetime he
was on terms of affectionate friendship
with men totally unlike in temper
Hazlltt. Wordsworth, Southey, Coler
idge, Leigh Hunt, De Qulncey. Words
worth, a great egotist not much given
to praising anybody but himself, said:
"If there be a good man, Charles Lamb
Is one." Lamb's lovable nature so
shines between the lines of. everything
he wrote that in 1848 Thackeray, a man
not given to gush, ejaculated "Saint
Charles!" after reading a letter written
in 1824 'to the little daughter of his
Quaker friend, Bernard Barton. Thack
eray had never met Lamb in life;
Thackeray, while a whole-hearted man,
was in no sense a sentimental man, and
yet Lamb's nature shining through his
private letters, or his books served to
touch Thackeray's tender spot. The
Irish poet Lionel Johnson caught -up
this phrase of Thackeray into a poem,
which includes the lines:
Saint Charles! for Thackeray called thee so:
Saint, at whose name our fond hearts glow;
See now, this age of tedious woe.
That snaps and snarls!
Thine was a life of tragic shade;
A life of care and sorrow made:
But naught could make thine heart afraid,.
Gentle Saint Charles!
Of' course there must have been a fine
personality In this man Lamb, to win
the praise of both the eminent men who
met him In life and those who, like.
Thackeray, felt the touch of his van
ished hand and the sound of his voice
when it had been forever stilled. And
yet there Is another side to the picture
of Lamb, a side that has been most
powerfully and repuslvely painted by
that great literary artist, Thomas Car
Iyle, who. when he first came to Lon
don, met Lamb and his sister frequent
ly. Here is Carlyle's terrible picture of
Lamb in his fading years; he died In his
59th year:
Insuperable proclivity to gin. in poor, old
Lamb. His talk contemptibly small. Indicat
ing wondrous ignorance and shallowness . .
. in fact, more like "diluted insanity" (as I
defined It) than anything of real Jocosity,
"humor." or geniality. ... He waa the
leanest of mankind, tiny black breeches but
toned to the kneecap, and no further, sur
mounting spindle legs, also in black, face and
head flnelsh, black, bony, lean and of a Jew
type rather: In the eves a kind of smnw
brightness, or confused sharpness; spoke with.
a siuiier; in walking tottered and shuffled:
emblem of Imbecility bodily and spiritual
(something of real Insanity. I have under-
Stood), and yet something, too, of humane. In
genious, pathetic, sportfully much-enduring.
.roor uamo: He waa infinitely astonished at
my Wife: and her ouiet rapmintfr nt hh tnn
ghastly London wit by cheerful naUve ditto.
Auieu, poor umo:
And this Is the latest picture of the
man who had commanded the friend
ship of men of genius all his days; who
was not only a delightful humorist, who
will be read when Addison is neglected;
a man of the type of Montaigne and Sir
Thomas Browne. This is all that Car
lyle could see In Lamb just before his
fading lamp of life was extinguished
forever. It Is easy to say that Carlyle
was a sour-mlnaed, cynical Scotchman,
but Carlyle was In his prime then, un
der 40 years of age; it was when he
wrote his beautiful essay on Burns and
had much of the spirit of manhood's
prime in him; It was when Carlyle was
one of the pilgrims to Highgate to hear
the last eloquent visionary deliverances
of Coleridge. There must be some truth
in this dreadful picture of Lamb's de- 1
cay. A man of more humanity of spirit !
might have hesitated to set down this !
estimate of Lamb, but in the main It Is
probably painted In the colors of truth, i
although the brush Is clearly not
wielded by a friendly hand. It will be
observed that Carlyle here suggests
that Lamb had perhaps Jewish blood In
his veins: he savs that rhvro. urao ,.
dence of chronic alcoholism; a sugges- t
tlon not only of imbecility, but of real
insanity.
It is quite possible that Carlyle was
right, for- there was Insanity In the
family. Lamb was confined In a hos
pital for the Insane for several weeks
of his 21st year, ami "'be periodica In
sanity of his sister, Mary Lamb, who
killed her mother in one of her parox
ysms, is well known fo all persons of
intelligent reading. An admirable critic
in the New York Evening Post deli
cately intimates that there are certain
signs in his (Lamb's) literary work as
well as in his personal life that suggest
that his genius was not without a taint
of Insanity. He was a frail, little man,
but he was fond of the exhilarating
cup; he was not like that King of the
Sandwich Islands whom Mark Twain
said "never got drunk because he did
not hold enough"; he could not take
more than a glass of wine without
showing it, but he Invariably took It,
and he took enough to make him dlsre
gardful' of social good" manners; he
shook Wordsworth gravely by the nose
after gravely shaking hands' with the
rest of the company. When a bishop
asked him how he learned to smoke
such pipes he replied: "Sir, I toiled for
it as some men toil for virtue." His
invitations to his card parties read:
Cards & cold mutton In Russell St. on Fri
day at 8 & nine. Gin and Jokes from H past
that time to 12?
He could jest in an essay over his
drunkenness; hanging and the stocks
.were to him a subject of laughter; love,
sickness, death, friendship, were a sub
ject of jest. The critic of the Post cites
in rebuke of all this trifling on serious
subjects the famous text from the Ko
ran: The heavens -and the earth, and all that Is
between them, think ye we have created them
In Jest?
And yet this man, who impressed
Carlyle as nothing but an aged and de
cayed punster, a senile tippler, had
known the tragic and sorrowful side
of life to lb fullest extent When his
sister in a fit. of insanity killed her
mother she was given her freedom from
lifelong restraint on Lamb's pledge to
be personally responsible" for her be
havior. To execute this pledge he gave
up his cherished thoughts of marriage
and watched over his sister; between
her periodical attacks she was a per
fectly sensible and efficient woman of
superior practical and literary ability.
Lamb gave up his life to her; she sur
vived him and was given his pension.
And yet this man, who all his days car
ried this heavy cross of domestic sor
row, Wrote with haif-oonsclous irony
that the plays of the Restoration were
clear to him because they carried him
into a region
"Beyond the diocese, of the strict conscience,"
into the vision of that "pageant where we
should sit as unconcerned at the issues, for
life or death, as at a battle of tho frogs and
mice."
And this same paradoxical man wrote
the lovely stanzas to "Hester":
My sprltely neighbor, gone before
To that unknown, and silent ehore.
Shall we not meet, as heretofore.
Some Summer morning.
When from thy cheerful eyes a ray
Hath struck a bliss upon the day,
A bliss that would not go away,
A4 sweet fore-warning?
UNPROFITABLE EXPERIMENTS.
The proposition to establish a colony
of Jews in South Africa, which has
been recently discussed in the British
House of Commons, .has proved very
unpopular. Both from a political and
economic standpoint the question is
considered impractical, and to urge it
forward would be merely to launch an
other unprofitable venture upon the sea
of human experiment.
The people whom it is proposed to
colonize are not in any sense of the
word farmers. With the labor and the
methods and the thrift necessary to
make an agricultural colony successful
they are wholly unacquainted. Philan
thropists are guilty of the grossest of
blunders when they try to give people
what they do not want, and what, when
forced upon them, they do notxappreci
ate and will not use. The history of
social, political and economic effort is
big wfth the record of failures in this
line, and upon no other point has a
score been made so often with results
more uniformly discouraging.
The negro question has been ap
proached from this standpoint, often
with results that have been scheduled
as dismal failures, if not actual disas
ters. Jewish colonization also has
failed in this country to the extent that
it has not met the expectations or jus
tified the expenditure of the money em
ployed. The cause is not far to seek.
The intended beneficiaries of a large
and impractical scheme have not risen
to .meet the, desires and purposes of
their proposed benefactors. Homesick
ness and discontent and unthrift have
formed a combination powerful enough
to defeat the earnest purposes of those
who have pledged money and influence
and given .personal effort without stint
to the support of a cause which did not
appeal to those whom It proposed to as
sist as at all worth while. Our In
dian problem contains many factors of
this kind factors that cannot by any
degreeof cunning be used in Its solu
tion. We. have, for example, tried to
make Indians plow, who preferred to
hunt or to fish; to make them sit upon
chairs when they preferred to loll at
full length or squat upon the ground;
to induce them to use knives and forks
In feeding themselves when they pre
ferred to convey food to their mouths
with their fingers; to sleep on beds
when they wanted to He Upon the
ground; to live In houses when the
tepee was dear to them, and to eat
wheaten loaves baked in ovens when
succulent roots, braized in a primitive
mortar and roasted in the ashes, formed
in their estimation bread much more
palatable.
We have failed In these attempts, of
course. We have also, and' for similar
reasons, failed to Imbue the Russian
Jew with the belief that the American
way of living, of labor and of home
building was superior to the methods of
life and Its ordering that are his heri
tage from the generations of antiquity.
He would rather be let alone, in squalor
and abject subjection In his native land
than to be transported free to "the
United States, given lands and Imple
ments of husbandry, taught how to use
them and be Instructed In the ways and
given the privileges of American citi
zenship. There Is no reason to suppose that the
attempt to colonize the English Jew of
the type that appeals to the philan
thropist as a fit subject for this effort
in South Africa will . be success
ful. It is not what he wants.
Land and stock and thrift do not
appeal to him. The people who by
this process would become his neighbors
look with suspicion upon him. Wel
come does not await him, and he Is
foredoomed to discontent and the un
speakable misery that springs from be
ing utterly out of touch and harmony
with his surroundings.
Colonization as a dream of establish
ing a helpless, thriftless, alien people In
a strange land with peace, plenty and
contentment as their portion, has had
many a rude awakening. It la. still Jn
4ttlse& Uunoments when practical cqjjv.
mon sense is off guard, but it is dealt
with in the main as the unreality that
It is, and refused the Indorsement of
legislative bodies to which it?- appeals
for sanction and. funds.
It is therefore not a matter of sur
prise that the scheme for colonizing
Jews in South Africa has failed to re
ceive the sanction of the British Com
mons. The desire to give a consider
able number of peqple something in the
name of philanthropy that they do not
want isan American rather than an
English characteristic. As often a3 this
desire Is transformed into an attempt it
becomes wasted effort. Voluntary im
migration that undertakes to better Its
own conditions, selects its own, route
and proceeds to jts chosen destination
is one thing; directed Immigration that
Is set In motion by philanthropy and
goes In droves to a designated location
Is quite another. The one is the free
movement of responsible Individuals;
the other the blind movement of an
unprepared mass, set in motion by a
purpose which is neither understood nor
appreciated, and which, in "the very na
ture of things. Is devoid of personal
responsibility. The one represents what
Its subjects want and want to do; the
other what they do not want, but ac
cept merely because it is offered to
them.
The position of honor at Willamette
University, which was for many years
accorded to the late Father J. L. Par
rlsh, has been assigned to General W.
S. Odell, who has resigned the officeof
president of the board of trustees. In
recognition of his long and faithful ser
vice, especially during the years when
Willamette's survival was in doubt, he
has been elected honorary president,
while the active work will be conducted
by younger hands. No page In the his
tory of that Institution will be read
with greater interest in future years
than that which tells the story of the
perseverance and loyalty of the stead
fast friends who could be counted
upon for willing service 'at all times
and In all places. "
Governor Black's nominating speech
will make splendid campaign material,
and the voters should not be permitted
to forget the eloquent words of his
faithful characterizatlonIn that speech
and those which followed it were
summed up the arguments upon which
this campaign will be fought, and' every
Republican who Intends to do effective
work for his party should become fa
miliar with those clearly expressed rea
sons why Theodore Roosevelt should be
elected. The addresses were not shal
low impromptu talks. They were stud
ied productions from the minds of
America's greatest public men, and
every one of them Is worthy of more
than a temporary place In the records
of American oratory.
That charming Moroccan business
man, Raisuli whose name, by the way,
is Uli, "Rals" being an honorific prefix
equivalent to "boss" has now success
fully completed his greatest undertak
ing. If he can only manage to hold on
to his gains among the turbulent fac
tions of his native land, Raisuli will be
a true captain of industry, and In view
of the present tendencies of the maga
zines we may expect Ida Tarbell, Lin
coln Steffins or Thomas W. Lawson to
be assigned on his case. It would make
a story at least as interesting as that
of Standard Oil or Amalgamated.
Mr. F. A Seufert, Mayor-elect of The
Dalles, Is a man of modesty and of
bright - visions. In a letter recently
published, addressed to the citizens of
The Dalles, he says: "I want to con
gratulate you on the splendid result
of our people at the polls In the city
election." Pass the crudeness of the
expression and of the, grammar. Again:
"I hope our peopje will learn from our
city election results, in the future, how
to vote." Pass this to the account of
the modesty of Mr. Seufert.
Unhappy Mr. Tyner! Aged, feeble
and burning with indignation, ' he
threatens to bring a libel suit against
the -President on account of the pub
lished Indorsement by the latter of the
charges of criminality for which he was
recently tried- and acquitted in the
courts of the District of Columbia. The
counsels of prudence will probably dis
pel this intent, especially if they come
to him with the whisper that the pres
ent occasion is not the first in which he
has been called upon to "explain" his
official conduct.
Charles W. Fairbanks Is the son of a
farmer, and, though born in Ohio,
sprang from old Vermont stock. The
thrift that lies behind his large ac
cumulations may be accounted lot- In
his ancestry, which runs back in New
England to 1636, only a few years after
the Mayflower came over. This is
worthy of record only because of the
characteristics that have sprung out of
it, which make the man and have
made for him a place in -the political
and financial world.
A Philadelphia man proposed twenty
times by letter to a girl in Sweden. She
refused him each time. Then he went
over to Sweden and proposed person
ally. The girl accepted him right away.
Cleveland has written many letters
dashing the hopes of Democracy. Per
haps if he convention should make a
personal matter of it he might act like
the Swedish girl.
Chairman Cortelyou has been charged
by some newspapers with having been
a Democrat. But he wasn't, so all ic
serene In political circles.- We know
here In .Oregon how difficult it is for
some Republicans to forgive a Demo
crat for helping to elect McKlnley In
1896 and trying to identify themselves
thereafter with the Republican party.
Governor La Follette has reached the
unexpected determination to roll up in
Wisconsin the largest majority for
Roosevelt any Presidential candidate
ever had. The La Follette slogan ap
pears to be coals of fire for Roosevelt
and a knife for Spooner.
Salem people seem to be a little afraid
that some of the proposed electric lines
will be constructed chiefly of hot air.
Perhaps as long as there Is nothing
more material in evidence "they will as
sist the enterprises with hot"-air subsi
dies. Now that Perdicarls Is safely restored
to his family, and Secretary Hay has
vindicated the axiom that an American
is safe anywhere (If he is worth a fat
ransom), all will be forgiven if he keeps
off the lecture platform.
Juror Simmons made a great deal
more noise in the Circuit Court than
Candidate Simmons ever made in the
late Congressional campaign. Appar
entlr. he has atvJast found, hi yocaJJou
NOTrS AND Q0MMENT,
- . -
In a Port ArtfiuriBarbcr Shop.
-Heavy firing this morning, sir."
"Umph."
"Thjnk the Jap3 will attack today?"
"Umph."
"How long do you think we can hold
out? "S razor hurt, sir? Close shave?
No; all right."
"Ow-w-w-ch!"
"D-n this razor, sir? No, sir that was
a piece from a shell, sir."
Generals Kuroki and Oku sound O. K.
How would the Old World exist without
American' ransoms?
s- .
The Clatsop County Jair is haunted.
Ghosts are evidently careless about the
company they keep.
These short-sleeved Summer shirtwaists
prove that all Portland girls are plump, or
the thin ones are aestlvatin?.
The salmon run is something like the
peach crop to be good, it must fail a
couple of times every season.
London is not "such a bad place, after
all. Dowie was chased out, but the Sal
vation Army delegates are welcomed.
Russians accuse the Japanese soldiers
of stimulating their courage with brandy.
Why don't they get some of the sama
brand? -
Seattle is trying to have all the bill
boards in the city torn down. As tho city
Itself looks like a billboard, this action
seems unkind.
The worst thing about a picnic is the
difficulty of whispering sweet words to a
girl and slapping at the mosquitoes sim
ultaneously. War correspondents are progressing.
They have been received by the Emperor
of Corea at Seoul, which is less than 400
miles from the area of war.
It's about time the Atlantic Coast came
over here, to school. A 17-year-old Cali
fornia girl has been showing the National
lawn tennis champions how to play.
Life in Port Arthur Is not so different
from life in Portland. Port Arthur quakes
under the fire of heavy guns, and Port
land shakes from Morrison-street bridge
blasting.
Countless editorials are being written to
explain "Why the Japanese Win." Boiled
down, most of them account for the Jap
anese victories by showing that the Rus
sians lost.
Circumstantial evidence is proverbially
dangerous to rely upon, but, all the same,
there are lots of people that regard the
presence of "wrigglers" in their milk as
sufficient to convict the milkman.
To the mere man it seems that, if he
were a woman, his Summer clothes would
be so light he'd have to be looking at him
self In a glass all the time to make sure
he hadn't forgotten to put them on.
Destroying our nice, new blue and white
street signs, Indeed! To the deepest dun
geon with the boys that would be guilty
of such a thing. Goodness knows the
signs are wanted badly, and. goodness
knows they were long enough In coming.
Poor old Russian fleet! It was a bad
day for the sailors of the Czar when they
succeeded In pushing the cork out of Port
Arthur again. Bottled, the ships may
float. And, by the way, we note a new
adverb in the description of the fight. A
picket vessel, we are told, observed the
sally and Informed Admiral Togo "wire
lessly." Fine word, and one that supplies
a short-felt want.
Do kings and emperors wink at one an
other when they meet? When King Ed
ward, arrayed in a German uniform,
meets Emperor William, arrayed in a
British uniform, do they exchange grins,
or do they carry out the whole scene with
grave faces? To say nothing of the bother
of getting into all the strange clothes, and
the tremendous difficulty of having a
strange uniform correct in every detail,
the whole business seems full of nub-dub.
Why not let the monarch of the United
Kingdom appear In a British uniform and
the German Emperor in a German? The
intended compliment would be as well ex
pressed. If not, when Mrs. Juggins, who
looks a fright in pink, goes to visit Mrs.
Buggins, who wears nothing else, she
should sacrifice her appearance to cour
tesy and wear the detestable color.
An order against flirting has been issued
by the directors of the Cunard Company.
Of course, it applies only to the officers
of the liners, for no steamship company,
however powerful, could stop flirting on
the part of the passengers. Acquaintances
are made at sea even more easily than at
a Summer hotel, and the waves, clouds,
moonlight and zone are so provocative of
flirting that no normal girl may resist;
that is, if she doesn't suffer from seasick
ness, which makes life, and much more,
love, seem a thing of no moment. Tho
game, however, will lose one of its most
agreeable features, If the fair passengers
are convinced that no glimpses may be
expected of blue-coated and brass-buttoned
young sailormen. Even without or
ders, the officer of an Atlantic liner has
not much time for anything but work.
Watch and watch is no joke, especially
in such responsible positions. The poor
officer can do little more than envy the
luckier passengers who have all the time
in the world to make friends with the
girls, and vow eternal devotion to deities
that they will have forgotten ten minutes
after the ship has made fast.
WEXFORD JONES.
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
"Cholly .Brokelelgh tells me his ancestors
were early settlers here." "Yes? Well, Chol
ly isn't. I'm his tailor." Philadelphia Press.
"Bobby, won't you kiss me?" "Naur."
"Well. Bobby, may I kiss you?" "Tes. if you
kiss me easy on top of my head." Cincinnati
Commercial-Tribune.
Sirs. Wedderly Tes, we've been married live
years, andimy husband Is still In love. Miss
De Flypp And aren't you jealous of her, dear.
Chicago Daily News.
"I always pay as I go," remarked the re
former. "That's where you're foolteii," said
the practical politician. "I always get a
pass." Philadelphia Record.
Laboring Man I want to renew my lease.
Landlord Well, the new scale of rent for your
flat will be $1S instead $15 for a month of 25
days Instead of the old number. Judge.
"Have you heard about the latest insuranco
company?" "No; what is It?" "Why. it's one
that promiees to pay alimony to both parties.
In caee the marriage proves a failure." De
troit Free Press.
"Would a newspaper correspondent accom
panying a track team date his reports 'With
the Fleet'?" "Well, he might, although most
people who go to a track meet expect to see a
squad run." Harvard Lampoon.
"I shall make you love me yet," declared Mr.
Stinjay, determinedly. "I shall leave no stone
unturned." "Ah! that sounds something like!'"
exclaimed the fair girl, "if the stone weighs
not less than a carat and is pure white tou
nay Interest me." PJHIaflslphia Press.