THE SUNDAY OEEQ025IAN,- PORTLAND, MAY S, 19GX
43
M'LOUGHLIN AD OLD OREGON
XXXIV.
At Sutter's Fort.
1844.
p-HESB are my menos, me cmeifl
'I of Eastern Oregon," said Cap-
tain Butter, taking the hands of f
red guests. "I have Invited them
n-am to trade in cattle."
The cockhorses "were driven into the
tort and the beautiful peltries unrolled.
fhe spotted Cayuae racers tried their
tt on the creen. The longr-horned
Spanish cattle were Inspected, and the
Je consummated to the satisfaction
af all concerned. Elijah, the head and
bouI of the whole enterprise, was Juhi-
at. In the soft Autumn twilight Sut-
h Indian boys bound fillets of leaves
bout their heads, and danced and sans
the soft-flowing vocals of the South,
schooner lay In the river, ready to
proceed to the Columbia for a cargo of
supplies. The moon rose over the
Sierras, and red men and white slept in
peace at Sutter's fort.
California was still in its primeval
beauty. The Inroads of Spanish civili
zation scarce scratched her vast savan
nas. "Whole valleys and mountain flanks
and forests were sacred to the Indian,
the beaver and the elk. "Let us hunt
in the mountains and get more peltries.
said Elijah, as tney arose, reixe&ueu
fr-rr, ciiimhpr- The woods were alive
with game that the lazy Spaniards dis
dained the trouoie 01 nunung. j.ueu
chase was with the lasso among their
own herds.
The Oregon Indians rode to the nunc
Back in the mountain fastnesses they fell
,r, n htinfl of Indian robbers, rene
gades, who swooped into the valleys, cor
ralled herds of Dorses, ana, unaer cover
of the hills, retreated to some hidden
pocket of streams and pastures. The sus
picious banditti, anticipating pursuit from
,Q). rswr.t raid, fired UDon the "Walla
Walla-Cayuses. A sharp skirmish ensued,
in which the mountain freebooters were
worsted, and tne victorious waiia iviuim
r.iinno hack to Sutter's fort, driving be
fore them 22 head of captured horses.
"Ah, there are our norses, saia me
men at Sutter's fort, coming out to claim
each one his property.
"No, no!" remonstrated Elijah at this
peremptory proceeding. 'TVe took these
horses In battle. By the laws of war
they are ours."
"No!" cried the white men; "tney were
stolen from us. You must give them up."
Yellow Serpent sat on his horse. Elijah
had dismounted.
"In our country," said Eiijan, "six na
tion are on terms of friendship. If any
one of these six nations steals a horse,
the tribe is responsible. But if our ene
mies the Crows or the Blackfeet, steal a
horse. It Is lost beyond recovery. Now
at the risk of our lives we have taken
these horses from your enemies. By the
laws of war they belong to us."
At that moment an American, seeing his
mule in the band, sang out: "There is my
mule, and I shall have it."
"Will you?" said Elijah, glancing at a
tree and passing into tho lodge pitched
close at hand, iie came out in a. mumcui
with a loaded rifle. "Go now and take
your mule," he said.
"I hopo you are not going to kui me,
quavered the American.
"Tnu? No. I am Koing to shoot the
eagle perched on yonder oak."
The American looked at tne oira, ana
tho unerring shot, and retired to the fort.
Tho next day was Sabbath. Captain
Butter Invited the Indians up to the fort to
.viit-.v &fT thf service Elijah and his
uncle, Taultau, were Invited, into another
apartment. Tho American of yesteraay
began to berate them.
"You hounds! you aogsi iou wuevs
of the upper country! I heard of you on
the Willamette. Yesterday you were going
to kill me. Now you must die. .Draw
ing his pistol he aimed at Elijah.
"Let me pray a little first," said Elijah,
falling on his knees.
"Dare you, an Indian, presume to preacn
n mp? Tnk( that and that. with a
quick Jerk the American shot the kneeling
boy through the heart.
A look of horror passed from face to
face as the kneoling form fell back with
prayer upon Its lips. iJlooci gusnea irom
tho nose, one convulsive sigh, and the lad
was dead.
Sudden terror seized the white men lest
the Indians should attack them. The
death wall had hardly sounded when the
Indians turned to flee before the guns of
the frightened inmates oi tne iori. une
wicked desperado had put them, all In
perlL The Indians leaped to their horses.
One, only, llngored a moment, and cov
ered the face of the dead with a blanket.
"Rnnm! boom!" wont the cannon of
Butter's fort, tearing away tho tree tops
above the heads of the fugitive rea men.
Tents, provisions and the purchased
cattle were left, as thej fled before tne
pursuers sent out by Captain Sutter. Six
weeks later, worn and torn and bent with
nr And trripf. Pio-nln-mox-mox reached
his lodge on tho winding banks of the
Walla Walla. Riderless besldo him. gal
tnTvrt "Email's horse. Sls.tadeo came out
end put her arms around the good steed's.
neck and whispered in nis jenow mane.
The shotpoucn was aone. &ne nanjea it
to Yellow Serpent and said nothing. But
he Tvarriors neara ner wan on tne nuis
it 6unseU and they heard the wall of
Elijah's mother, sister of tho great
achems of tho cayuse nation.
A raging fire burned in the tribes on
ii Tinner Columbia. Never the death
nf nn Tnrttnn had created such an UDroar:
the six allied nations had lost an IdoL
ArTraion:ivft of rlnnser. Chief Trader Mc-
Klnley strengthened ort nana aiia
nA tanriAri hto cannon with nails and
grapeshot. Mr. Whitman wrote a friendly
letter to EUlcc, neaa cniei oi mo .
Perces, and another to the 'Willamette.
"Our Indians are enraged on account of
the treacherous and violent death of their
educated and accomplished young cmer
Elllah. and also on account of their own
great hardships and losses. Disaffected
scamps, late from tho wmametto to vui
fornia, calling them dogs and thieves,
have made tho Indians think they havo
been slandered by your settlements."
The six nations, tne alla waiias.
d'Orsllles and Snakes met together in
council.
Seven hundred Walla Wallas stood ready
to march on tho Willamette, but were
storped by Taultau.
"No." said Taultau. going before their
Vim.fioio t-1 floHr. tiftrrt hrV "PhA TVH-
lamctte whites were our young chiefs
Dcst incnus. Tney are not to Diame.
"Let rs raise 2000 warriors, invade Cali
fornia ard sweep the Coast," said Spokane
11X11 .
"Let US pond Ellt(v down to sm If th
)regon whites will Interfere." said the
Ce Perce Chief Joseph.
nrrfrrnn k'l!.- tihi T.o nc mt- rt v,n
Amerlcarr." cried the Snakes.
I ."Blood f-r Mood A chief for a chief.
ft us tike Dr. Whitman." hissed tho
All looked toward Yellow Serpent. Afar
aid chiefs words.
'Dr. Whitman 1 our friend. Let him
not be Injured. My voice Is as the voice
of a pine tree full of snow. I say no
4f thnt mnmroit 1.A-..!... . .i..i ., ..
... - ... ...v..t. nutniih ijiuii meir uei
Siorses. Dr Whitman. Mr. Spalding and
Chief Trader McKinlcy walked Into tho
ilmly lighted council lodge. For a mo-
ucuc uive was uimuit. out the three
vhlte m-n stood firm ard fearless.
"What Ins the Great Medicine to say'"
nqulred bellow Serpent, looking at Dr.
Yv. t ji "vl" Mcppsa torwara
id tho Indians all craned their necks
llflton.
"Chief, you hav lost your noble son.
CONTINUATION OF MRS. EVA
"We all mourn with you. I hear you want
me to go away. When I came among you,
you had no farms, no gardens. I have
taught you to read and to work, and to
live like white folks. Now I can go. I .am
getting old. You must tell me at once.
If a majority wish me to leave I will go
In three weeks' time. If you want me to
stay, say so. I cannot change when I am
old."
"Go! go!" cried Tamahas.
"Go! go!" brayed Tiloukalkt, In that
voice like a brazen trumpet. But the
other chiefs bade them be silent.
Dr. Whitman arose and went out of
the ledge. Chief Trader McKinley talked
to the Indians. Mr. Spalding talked. The
chiefs talked. The auditors evinced their
attention by now and then a pithy and
sympathizing "Ugh-ugh!" like their
amen after prayer. Then Yellow Serpent
sent for Dr. Whitman.
A strange pallor, blent with wonderful
resolution, seemed fixed upon the.almost
haughty face that re-entered the council
lodge. So we might imagine John Knox
stood, or Luther went to tho Diet at
Worms The doctor seemed to expect a
sentence of banishment. To his surprise
old Yellow Serpent himself advanced to
meet him and took hjs hand.
"My brother," he said in Nez Perce,
"We have decided that you must stay.
When you came we had no ploughs, no
hoes, no axes, not anything to work
with. Now we have all these. We used
to be hungry every winter. "Wo used to
have only the camas. Now we have cat
tle, corn, potatoes, beans, peas, wheat.
Now we are no more hungry. "We want
you to stay and live with us always,"
"Stay, stay, stay," cried the fickle
Cayuses.
"Stay, stay," echoed the Walla Wallas.
Tiloukalkt brought the long-stemmed
pipe of peace. Yellow Serpent placed a
live coal on the tobacco, puffed it, and
passed it to Dr. Whitman.
"I admit there is danger," said Dr.
Whitman to his friends that night, "but
I am become accustomed to danger. I
should not feel to stay among the In
dians In Itself considered, but as we are
here now I do not see how we can leave
without exposing the cause of religion
to reproach and repulse. There are so
many things Involved In our situation in
this country, that I do not see that we
should be discontented. I feel that vast
results have followed us. To leave would
be wrong Indeed, for now, we must, as
far as may be. see tho end of what we
have begun, both in regard to Indians and
whites."
During the winter Dr. McLoughlln sum
moned the chiefs to Fort "Vancouver, and
by pacific counsel shielded the Oregon
whites from any consequences of the
outrage.
XXXV.
Death of Jason Lee.
1845.
TWELVE miles below Oregon City, in
a little swale In the muffled, silent
forest, a rival town was laid. A Mis
sionary hauled timber to build a church.
A wandering printer set up a newspaper
that ho called The Oregonlan."
"Tho head of ship navigation, the out
let of a ' fertile valley, must become a
metropolis," said tho far-seeing Petty
grove, a Yankee merchant who had
brought a cargo around tho Horn from
Portland, Me. "And what shall wo call
our metropolis?" said Pettygrove to Love
joy, the lawyer, as tbey laid out lots in
the timber.
"Call It Boston," answered Lovejoy,
the Bostonlan.
"No, Portland," Said tne man from
Maine, and the two wandering Yanjcees
tossed ip a penny for "heads or tails,"
and "Portland" won.
"Hah. Doctor, -HI did" not suppose Hi
should be hable to 'find you hout hot
bed," cried Ermatlnger, gayly landing at
Fort Vancouver a few days later.
"Why so?" inquired the doctor.
" "Ave'n't you eard? Dumbarton of
Big Pigeon 'as made the speech hof the
epoch, ha great big-tree talk, ha real
Hamerlcan stumper, you know."
What was the subject?"
"You. Hit was In regard to that con
tested mlllslte at the Palls. Listen."
Ermatlnger rose, blew a blast on his
bandana, and swelling with pomposity
gave a mock recital of a spread-eagle
speech he had heard the day" before.
"Friends, neighbors, hand Hamerlcan
citizens (through his nose), han hoppor
tunlty his now given through this hln
slgnlflcant controversy to settle the title
hof the whole country hand to hexpel
the governmental trespassers from every
point and position hof Its dominions.
This will bring war between the Hunlted
States and Great Britain, Hlreland will
revolt, Canada will secede, the monarchs
hof the HIndles will throw hoff their
slavish yoke, Russia will snap hup Tur
key, hand, hln short, tho whole world
will be revolutionized, hand the balance
hof power haltered by the controversy
hln relation to this little strip hof land."
Ermatlnger paused from his elocution
ary effort. To his surprise the doctor did
not laugh; he did not even smile, but
arose in a nervous way and left the room.
Some time after, one of his clerks ran
upon him, kneeling in his office.
"I beg your pardon." said Ermatlnger,
humbly, that evening; "I did not sup
pose you took the matter so to heart.
Doctor." .,,
"The possibility of a war Is what dis
tresses me," said the doctor.
The provisional governments born at
Champoeg and cradled In tho primitive
State House at Oregon City, developed
with the colony. Somebody was known to
be In Washington working for a steam
boat route across the Panama.
"Hah," said Ermatlnger through his
nose, "we shall soon be sighing for the
Hlndlan days, the squaws hand skins
hand savages. But there, now, HI ham
ha good Hamerlcan. you know." he
added with a wink so good. Indeed, that
ne was made Colonial Treasurer at the
next election.
Georso Abernethy. the steward of the
Methodist mission, an upright man, of
smooth faceand agreeable manner, be
came uregon's Colonial Governor. On
a green point overlooking the Willamette
and within tound of the Falls, he built
ms mooest mansion, with gable roof,
French windows, wide porch, double par
lors and fireplaces, and the American
flag floating above. The streets In Ore
gon City were only trails, and the new
Governor -n hltewashed the stumps that
he might And his way home on dark
nights through the timber. Here his
apple-cheeked wife gave parties In the
hospitable days of early Oregon.
The Governor's house was on the very
spot where old Canemah once shaped his
arrow-points. One night Washkema came
back. There stood the Governor's resi
dence, with its pillared porch and win
dows of glass. She went around to a
favorite Balm-of-Gilead that clapped Its
silver leaves in the Summer night. The
white chief had dug him a well, throwing
out the sand on countless clippings and
fragments of imperfect arrow-heads.
Like a lover who looks for a lock of his
mistress' hair where he dropped It long
ago, so old Waskema had been wont to
return to gather broken chips from the
arrow-maker's shop; but now they were
covered, mixed with the -sands, and the
brick-walled well seemed not deeper than
the grave In her heart. She clutched her
hands and looked "up at the windows.
There were lights in the Governor's win
dowsshe drew near and saw the ruddy
glow of the Are lighting up the fair faces
of white coys and girls. Even so In the
long ago tho red men's children met In
social converse on the selfsame spot. She
pressed her withered .face too. near the
glass.
"Ugh," shuddered the flaxen-haired
daughter of the host. "there'Ba horrible
EMERY DYE'S CHRONICLE
old Indian woman peeking in at the
window."
Frightened glances turned that way,
but the lace was gone.
"She was here, just this minute. I
saw her," said the girl, going out on the
porch to look, followed by her compan
ions; but nothing could be seen.
"Never mind. 'Twas only an old squaw.
Let's play that game again," cried the
merry-hearts.
Old Waskema had retreated to a rock
In the Governor's garden. By dint of
some digging and some pushing she
turned It over. Beneath, in a little
cache, lay a bunch of obsidian knives,
some strings of copper beads, and a hand
ful of haiqua shells. Gathering up the
rusting treasures, Waskema stole away.
The next day Governor Abernethy won
dered who had been digging at the stone
in his garden.
The Methodist mission had not pros
pered. In fact, while Jason Lee was lec
turing in the States, unforeseen Influences
had been at work in the valley. The
most casual observer had noted the
frightful growth of the mission grave
yard. It may have been scrofulous in
heritance, it may have been the sudden
caging of wlld-rblrds the Indian children
perished like leaves of the forest. Jason
Lee in distress had taken some favorite
pupils to Fort Vancouver for treatment
In valh. At this Juncture some
ran away; the rest were withdrawn
by their superstitious parents. The
history of Indian schools at Dart
mouth and Hamilton repeated
Itself here the Indian mission on the Wil
lamette, the center of so many hopes and
prayers, became the seat of an embryo"
university rededlcated to the numerous
children of incoming whites.
In the midst of this toll and endeavor
Jason Lee stood again at the threshold of
his bridal chamber; a second wife lay
dead, with an Infant in her arms but the
infant lived.
" 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust in
him," " said the anguished missionary, as
he looked on the cold, white lips of his
second love.
He crossed to the Sandwich Islands with
the precious, flickering little life so
strangely left in his hands; then came an
other blow he had been superseded in the
superintendency of the Oregon missions.
Tho waxen face of bis child was flushed
now with health. Turning, he laid the
daintily draped morsel of pink and white
in the arms of on who had received her
from the bed of death.
"Take her hack to Oregon," he said,
"and keep her till I return." Then he
sailed for Mazatlan and struck across
Mexico for the United States.
They knew he was collecting fund3 for
the projected university that lay so near
his heart, they knew that consumption
had fixed its fangs upon his giant frame;
still he wrote from his old home of the
gray cables at Stanstead:
"Walt, brethren, and watch some day
you may see me threading my way up
the Willamette in a canoe, as I used to
do"; but. the hand that penned it fell
nerveless, the noble eyes closed In death.
With the winged sail came the parting
prayer for the little Lucy Anna.
"Brethren, under God I must hold you
responsible to train that child for
heaven."
Jason Lee's body rests where he played
when a boy, on the shores of one of the
beautiful lakes of Lower Canada, and In
coming years that motherless waif, the
little Lucy Anna, became the first pre
ceptress of Willamette University. Love,
life, hope, youth all were given to Ore
gon. Who shall say tho light has failed?
XXXVI.
The- Bear Flag at Sonoma.
184B.
LIFE glided smoothly with the hos
pitable, llghthearted Spaniards of
California, but not so smoothly at the
Hudson's Bay trading-house at Yerba
Buena. There were pleasant guests;
Vllejo came often, and Don Salvador.
The fierce, fat. little commandant came
up from his ruinous Presidio; the Alcalde
came, and the padres, who wandered now
like vagrants In the land they used to
rule. Yerba Buena was a great resort for
trappers and Englishmen for trade and
supplies. La Framboise camped near In
Winter, and the servants of the Hudson's
Bay Company constituted almost the en
tire population of the place.
From the very beginning there was
trouble with the Yankeo ships from New
York and Boston. Some of the unavail
ing anguish of Wyeth on the Columbia
came to Rae as he saw the Yankee clip
pers sailing from port to port, vending
their wares and carrying off great cargoes
of hides, wheat and tallow. Sometimes
weeks elapsed without a single fanega of
wheat or arroba of tallow at the Hudson's
Bay house. Jt made Bao desperate. Once
he said to a Yankee captain that spread
his wares on the very threshold of Yerba
Buena: "It has. cost the Hudson's Bay
Company 75,009 to drivo the Americans
from the Northwest trade In furs, and
they will drive you Yankees from Califor
nia if it costs a million."
The Yankee only laughed, and put up
his calico to $10 a yard and hauled In the
wheat and tallow.
And the careless Spaniards went on
singing and dancing, horse-racing and
gambling everybody gambled in Spanish
California.
There was a new Governor In Califor
nia. A new Governor in a Spanish-American
State generally means a revolution.
"This new Governor, MIcheltorena, Is
partial to the Americans," said the Span
ish Callfornlans.
"His course is a menace to English In
terests," said Bae.
The Spaniards hated tho Americans as
much as Rae did. They often gathered at
Yerba Buena to talk the matter over.
"We must depose him," said the Span
iards. "We must flghthem to the death," said
Rae.
So the Insurgents came to Yerba Buena
for arms and ammunition. But the Insur
gents lost, and Rae lost.
"Curse It all! why did I let them have
the arms and ammunition without a cent
to show?" cried Rae, despairing. "And
how shall I answer for mixing in this
Spanish trouble?"
The nroud chief trader groaned. He had
done tho best he could for his company,
but the best he could would not avail. Al
ready Sir George had sent recommends to
shut up tho house at Yerba Buena as a
profitless venture. But Dr. McLoughlln
held firm. And to disappoint the doctor
now
"What if the Hudson's Bay Company Is
driven out of California? Am I to blame,
with all these rival Yankees like the
swarming rats of Hamelln nibbling on
every side?" Tie servants heard a shot
In Rae's room. Elolse saw her husband
fall, with the smoking weapon In his
hand, then she fainted.
When Elolse opened her eyes again she
lay on a couch In a darkened room.
Through the lattice she saw Don Salvador
leap to his saddle, cutting his horse with
the long and rusty rowels of his spurs.
She heard the hurried voices of Spaniards,
forgetting somewhat the customary state
ly and measured tone. She heard the
voices of women skipping from consonant
to consonant- She knew La Framboise
had come over from the camp. Then all
was dark again.
Again it seemed llko morning. Through
the lattice Elolse saw the Spanish dames
go by to mass, with their high combs,
necklaces and earrings hidden under the
"beautiful and mysterious mantilla."
There was a sound of marching, and she
knew it was tho funeral.
La Framboise's brlsade bore sad tidings
up the Willamette to Fort Vancouver.
David and Dugald McTavish came down
in the little "CadboroV The business
was" closed, and the Hudson's Bay house
was sold for a song.
Eloiso took a la&Llaoit at the Spanish
land. The Alcalde was chasing his herds.
The senoras were sewing and singing In
their verandas The Indiana were" plowing
the Spanish gardens, after the fashion- of
old Mexico in the days of Cortez.
The fierce, fat little commandant peeped
out of th& tile-roofed presidio as the
schooner sailed through the Golden Gate.
With the fading of Mendocino, the fan
dangoes, boleros and barcaroles of old
Spain faded from the life of Elolse Mc
Loughlln. but hot tho face of him who
was burled In the little graveyard at Yer
ba Buena it lived again in her infant
child.
Already Immigrants on the overland
route had rendezvoused At Sutter's Fort.
Strange rumors were currentthere:
"The Mexicans are negotiating with
England for the sale of California."
"General Castro intends to expel us from
the Sacramento. He is already on the
march." v
They whispered with Fremont.
Scarcely had the little "Cadboro' " dis
appeared through the Golden Gate that
day In June of 1S46, when General Vallejo
was captured at daylight In his house at
Sonoma, along with nine brass cannon.
200 stands of arms and tons of copper
ehot
"Flyl' cried the Senora, sitting up In
bed In hjr nlghtrobe.
It was too late to fly.
The Americans ran up the Bear Flag,
and with Fremont's cognizance took Gen
eral Vallejo and Don Salvador prisoners to
Sutter's Fort on the Sacramento. Vallejo
did not resist Long since he had seen
that a change must come, and be favored
the United States. He quietly gave up the
keys, and in succeeding actions a thou
sand of Vallejo's best horses went under
the saddles of American riflemen.
For 20 days California was a republic,
then Captain Montgomery, by order of
Commodore Sloat, raised the Stars and
Stripes on the plaza at Yerba Buena. A
flag was sent to Fremont camping on the
Sacramento, and was raised over Sutter's
Fort
Hark! Who Is this winding alona: the
trail to California? It is Pio-plo-mox-mox,
going to avenge the murder of Elijah.
Warlike Walla Wallas and dark frowning
Cayuses on their swift steeds, bending to
avoid the boughs of semi-tropic forests,
are following the old trail to the south.
Delaware Tom Is there, dressed like the
rest in a robe of skins, going to avenge
tho death of the accomplished young chief
of the Walla Wallas.
There are only 40 men, but a courier flies
to Sutter's Fort Breathless he passes the
Indian guards:
"A thousand Walla Wallas are march
ing from Oregon to avenge the death of
their young chief!"
The guests leap from their wine-bowls.
Artillery is primed and mounted. Run
ners gallop to Sonoma for reinforcements.
Word even reaches Monterey. Commodore
Stockton -hastens to San Francisco, and
preparations for defense are hurried to
the north.
"Then if the Bostons rule, to the Bos
tons will I present my claim for Justice,"
Bald the Indomitable old chief of the
Walla Wallas.
Colonel Fremont met him in council and
promised redress. Under this persuasion
the Walla Walla chief and nls followers
enlisted under Fremont's banner, and
Delaware Tom, valued for his fluent use
of English, became a trusted bearer of
dispatches and a member of Fremont's
bodyguard.
General Castro retreated to the South.
Fremont followed on his trail and
marched Into Monterey.
Menwhlle, Pio-plo-mox-mox, whose num
bers have been so greatly exaggerated, is
defiling down the canyon with vengeance
In his heart But his eyes are open. He
hears for the first time that the old re
gime Is over, that Sutter Is out of power,
and tho Americans Tule on the Sacra
mento. The anxious Spaniards beheld a cloud
of dust roll up beyond the city1. From
behind their grated windows the timid
women beheld the long line of mounted
Americans advancing up the street with
Fremont at their head, shaking the
ground with the tread of conquest Noth
ing escaped the fierce- eve of that wiry
leader In blouse and leggings and Spanish
sombrero. Around him closed his Dela
ware guard. Nothing escaped the eye
of his wild followers, two and two
abreast with rifles cocked on the pommel
of their saddles.
The Spaniards love a spectacle. Here
was power. As they watched the stern
featured horsemen with sinewy limbs and
untrlmmed locks flowing under their for
aging caps, as they caught the gleam of
pistols and the glitter of knives, a thrill
shook the throng, then arose a faint,
"Viva viva los Americanos!"
The latest Governor, Don Plo Pico, fled
by night from his capital at Los Angeles
and escaped to Mexico with his secretary.
Tradition says they carried away and
burled the government archives.
The next January the Alcalde sent
forth his pronunclamento changing the
name of Yerba Buena to San Francisco.
Had Rae but lived he might have ruled
the richest post under Hudson's Bay con
trol. As It was he was forgotten by all
but the Spanish nobles.
Local Option Law.
SALEM, May 5. (To tho Editor.)
In our Oregonlan of April 30, page 6.
appears the caption "Prohibition," of
which we beg leave to speak a few
words again. It is an article against
tho proposed bill, commonly known as
the "local option law," to be voted on
at the next June election, which for the
present, at least, is to determine
whether the sale of liquor will be per
mitted or not in any precinct or cpunty
In the State of Oregon.
This bill, when passed and made a
law, simply leaves It to the people of
each precinct or county to say whether
or not they want saloons in their pre
cinct Now, our editor Is a good and
fair man and no doubt will grant read
ily to us the same privileges which ho
takes, and we would have a better
opinion of him than he seems to have
of us, for he ends up by saying that
he does not expect his practices and
timely suggestions can And access to
the prohlbitfonlst for his consideration,
but he charitably admits that a prohl
can have an idea.
I suppose that Is more than he can
afford to admit in all cases.
Now, in this number of April 30,
where the editor errs, it seems to us, Is
when he puts more stress on the im
portance of self-government than he
does on thejirst law of nature, namely,
that of self-protection, as when the in
dustrial rights of one class Injuring the
industries of another class, which
rights are guaranteed by our constitu
tion. Then he no doubt will insist on
the enforcement of our moral obliga
tion, which Is, "Defend yourself," and
that Is Just what we are now doing by
this L. O. IX defending our industrial
rights.
That is why all responsible business
men refuse to take or to keep in their
employ men who drink liquor, for these
business men all deem their business of
too great value to afford to take such
risks, so they refuse to employ men
who drink.
If business men should knowingly
employ such men. and then get Into
trouble caused by these llquor-drlnklilg
men. It seems to us that the author of
this article of April 30, would readily
(and Justly) shift his weight of argu
ment from that of self - government
and put It where It Justly belorigs,
namely, on self-protection.
Wo think he is sincere In his views,
but it seems we have failed to make
ourselves understood by him; for he
says that prohibition proposes to deal
with all civilized citizens as we do with
the Indian, that is, the prohls become
a self-made standing committee to co
erce, tutor and govern them.
He appears to think it all right to.
govern Indians that way, yet they are
as nature finds them. Incapable of self
government and he says: "The cen
tral idea of self-government Is founded
in nature and confirmed by experience,
it puts him on his own responsibility
and gives his personality a meaning."
Then If the Idea of self-government is
founded in nature (right where we find
the Indian), it follows- from his prem
ises to the logical conclusion that- wo
have done wrong and are still at It in
the way we deal with the Indian and
should let him alone and not "meddle"
with his free moral agency until they
should have given their personality a
meaning.
We did let our red brethren alone and
they have given their personality a
meaning, and that is just the reason we
have dealt with him as we have.
We were under civil, political, indus
trial, and moral obligation both to our
selves and to them to defend ourselves
against heathenism, and that is what
we mean by this local option law. It
is all the way now that we can suc
cessfully defend ourselves against a
mighty foe. .
Now, if we are really "narrow, med
dlesome and fanatical," as he says we
are, we ought to be detested and we
.would do well to "amend our ways."
Let us see how far he agrees with Us.
. He says, "No person is bound to ab
stain from the proper and reasonable
use of a thing because others abuse It"
So do we. but we do not say a man is
narrow and fanatical who" may differ
with us as to what constitutes reason
able and proper use of liquor.
If the people of any precinct county
or state say by their votes next June,
regardless of any political party, that
It is not reasonable or proper to have,
a saloon established in their precinct
or county will that be conclusive proof
that they are narrow and fanatical?
They have said and done this very
thing in other states and their business
is not indicative of fanaticism, for It Is
in harmony with the spirit of the cen
tury. He says we are not to ignore a
thing because some abuse it So do we.
Then, why condemn us all because
there are prohibition cranks among us?
Where law is applied to the liquor
traffic he says "All prohibitory laws are
accompanied with a meddlesome and
tyrannic spirit"
That Is the way -we feel now where
local option does not exist especially In
regard to our industrial and religious
rights. Tho revenue coming from the
liquor traffic which he speaks of is
more than lost
It Is tho innocent people, too, who
are taxed so heavily to pay these large
bills, much of which disappears -where
local option exists.
He admits most readily that the liquor
traffic everywhere needs regulation by
law, as do many other commodities, yet
it Is plainly seen by every schoolboy and
girl that the laws regulating the liquor in
dustry have reference directly or Indi
rectly to the dangerous quality of the
article manufactured.
These laws are to protect the children
by forbidding them to even see Inside a
saloon, and many similar ones.
The protected system as applied to most
all other Industries is to protect the In
dustry against Impostors, but when ap
plied to the liquor Industry It Is to protect
the people, not the Industry so much.
It seems unreasonable to put the sickly
ban of fanaticism on any Individual of a
state, or county, or precinct saying by
their vote next-June that for any person
to have the reasonable and proper use of
liquor given to him, we do not need a
saloon.
Anyone can get all the liquor he needs
without the existence of a saloon. - Now
It seems that Is all he Insists upon, name
ly, that everybody may havo a reason
able and proper use of liquor given to
him.
This the local-option law does not pro
hibit, so that when this local-option law
Is passed and entered on the statute books
of the State of Oregon, every person will
then be at liberty to get all the liquor
that It Is reasonable and proper for him
to use, and the objection to the local
option bill will have been entirely re
moved, for it does not prohibit any per
son from obtaining all the liquor he rea
sonably and properly needs.
REV. D. J. GOODE.
MEN BE CURED
THE BLOOD IS THE LIFE
Our "Perfected" lo-
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compels growth and
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proves the circulation,
gives extra nutrition,
Increases the nerve
energy, thus qillckly
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trout every man to writo for our pro
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fall to Investigate. "Write today. (Our
lmproements are not sold by others.)
"We have no branch offices. Treatment
sent on 10 days' trial and approval.
HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.
6 O'Farrcll St.
SAX FRANCISCO, CALTFOBNTA.
nnM'T" MARRY. DOCTOR or despair
ULJn I "Don't do a thing" till you see
clearly what's best by aid of
Flashlights on Human Nature, on health,
disease, love, marriage and parentage. Tells
what you'd ask a doctor, but don't like to.
240 pages, illustrated. 25 cents: but to Intro
duce It we send one only to any adult for
postage, 10 cents. HILL FUB. CO., 129
East 28th street. New York.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
RME CARD
OFTRAINS
PORTLAND
Depart. Arrive.
Paget oound Limited for
Tacoma. Seattle. Olympia,
South Bend and Gray's
Harbor points. 8:30 am 5:30 pm
North Coast Limited for
Tacoma, Seattle, Spokane,
Butte, St. Paul. New
York. Boston and all
points East and South
east " 3:00pm 7:00am
Twin City Express, for
Tacoma, Seattle, Spokane.
Helena, St. Paul. Minne
apolis, Chicago. New York,
Boston and all points East
and Southeast 11:45 pm 7:00 pm
Puget sound-Kansas City-
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Tacoma. Seattle, Spokane.
Butte Billings, Denier,
Omaha. Kansaa City, St.
Loula and all points
East and Southeast 8:30 am 7.-00 am
All trains daily except on South Bend
branch.
A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant General Pas
senger Agent, 255 Morrison st., corner
Third, Portland. Or.
ANCHOR LINE U. S. MAIL STEAMSHIPS.
NEW YORK. LONDONDERRY AND
GLASGOW.
NEW YORK. GIBRALTAR AND NAPLES.
Superior accommodation, excellent cuisine
th cemfort of pasasngers carefully considered!
Single or round trip tickets between New York
and Scotch. Ensllih. Irish and all principal
Scandinavian and Continental points at attrac
tive rates. Send for Book of Tours. For tick
tz or general information apply to anr local
agent of the Anchor Ltn or to Sfindoxsoa.'
MEN "ft9s
6"0 if ill-i
W Pi II. (IB
$? I
7 - ill IS
a o. "
jBzai. ugn-Asvus.MuicasQt. mu.
0.K.&N.
ORCGOfl
Short line
ami Union Pacific
3 TRAINS TO THE EAST DAILY
Through Pullman standard and tourist leep
Inc cars dally to Omaha. Chicago. Spokane;
tourist sleeping-car dally to Kansas Cltr;
through Pullman tourist sleeping-car (person,
ally conducted) weekly to Chicago. Reclining
chair cars (seats free) to the East daily.
TJfflOX IDPOT. leaves. Arrive.
CHICAGO-PORTLAND 0:15 A. M. 5:25 P. it
6JECIAL ic th Bist Dtily. Daily,
via Huntlnstpn.
SPOKANE FLYER, 7-i5 P. if. 8:00 A. it
for Eastern "Washing- Dally. Daily,
ton, "Walla. "Walla, Lew
laton, Coeur d'Alea?
and Groat Northern
points.
ATLANTIC EXPRESS, 8:15 P. M. 8:00 A. M.
for tha East via Hunt- Dally. Daily.
Ingtca.
OCEAN AND BIVKB SCHEDULE.
FOR SAN FRANCISCO
S. S. Geo. W. Elder I
8:00 P.M.
5:00 P. M.
From
Alaska
Dock.
aiay B, 18, 20.
S. S. Oregon
May I. 11. 21. 31.
FOR ASTORIA and
way points, connecting
3.00 P. 2.
Daily
except
Sunday,
Saturday.
10.00 P. M.
5:00 P. M.
Dally
except
Sunday.
wiin steamer lor li
waco and North Beach,
eteamer Hasaalo, Ash.
street dock.
i'OR DAl'TON, Ore
gon City and 'Xamhllj
Klver points steamers
Modoc and Elmor
Ash-street dock (watei
per.).
7:00 A.M.
Dally
except
Sunday.
5:30 P. M.
Dtlly
except
Sunday.
FOR LEWISTON
Idaho, and way point,
from Rlparta. TVasb
Steamers Spokane aru
Le wist on.
1:40 A.M.
Dally
except
Saturday.
Atvrtlt
5:00 P. M.
except
Friday.
TeTeK' hird d Washington:
PORTLAND AND ASIATIC SXEAMSHD?
COMPANY.
For Yokohama and Hong Kong, calling at
Kobe. Nagasaki and Shanghai, taking freight
via connecting steamers lor Manila. Port
Arthur and Vladivostok.
For rates" and full Information call on or
address' officials or agents of O. R. & N. Co.
EAST via
SOUTH
Leaves.
UNION DEPOT.
Arrives,
OVERLAND EX
PRESS TRALNS
80 P.M.
lor aalem. Kode- 7:45 A. if
uurg. Asniana. cic-
Iramento. O s d e n.
can Francisco, jJo-
lave. los Angeies.
El Paso. Nsw Or-1
leans and-, the East. I
Morning train con- 7:00 P. M.
uecis at wooaDurn
(dally except Sun
day) with train for
ilount Angel, 11
verton. Browns
ville. Sprlnrnela.
wenanng ana .Ma
tron.
11flnv njliMmp,.
10:10 A. M.
nrmr,t5t nt VTr.r.
burn with Mt. Angel
ana Miverion local.
7:30 A. M.
uorvauia passenger.
5:50 A. M.
t4:00P. M. ISherldan passenger. 18:25 A. M,
Dally. IfDauy, except Sunday.
PORTLAND-OSWEOO SUBURBAN SERVICE
AND
YAMHIL. DIVISION.
Leave Portland daily tor Oswego at 7:30 A.
M.. 12:50. 2.05. 3:25, 5.20. 6:25, 8:30, 10:10 P.
M. Dally, except Sunday. 5:30, 6.30, 8.35.
10.25 A. M., 4:00. 11:30 P. M. Sunday, only,
S A. M.
Returning from Oswego, arrive Portland dally
8:30 A. M.. 1.55, 3:05. 4:45, C:15. 7:35, 8.55.
11:10 P. M. Dally, except Sunday, 6.25. 7:20.
9:30, 10:20. 11:45 A. M. Excest Monday. 12:25
A. M. Sutiday only. 10:00 A. M.
Leave from same depot for Dallas and Inter
mediate points dally except Sunday. 4:00 P. M.
Arrive Portland. 10:20 a. M.
The Independence-Monmouth motor line oper
ates dally to Monmouth and Alrlle. connecting
with S. P. Co.'e trains at Dallas and Inde
pendence. First-class fare from Portland to Sacramento
and San Francisco. $20; berth, 35. Second-class
fare, $15; second-class berth, $2.50.
Tickets to Eastern points and Europe. Also
Japan. China. Honolulu and Australia.
CITY TICKET OFFICE, corner Third and
"Washington streets. Phono Main 712.
IBreat Northern B
ii 1 1 1 iifinrrn - 1,1
City Ticket Office 122 3d St. Phone 68.
OVERLAND TRAINS DAILY
The Flyer and the Fast Mail
2
SPLENDID SERVICE
UP-TO-DATE EQUIPMENT
COURTEOUS EMPLOYES
DAYLIGHT TRIP Across the Cas
cade and Rocky Mountains.
For Tickets, Rates, Folders and Fall
Information, call on or address
H. DICKSON.
City Ticket Agent,
123 Third St., Portland, OresoH.
COLUMBIA RIVER SCENERY
PORTLAND to THE DALLES
Regulator
Line Steamers
0AILT(UCEFTS4 DAY) 7 A.M.
BISECT LIRE fir Hgfttt's, St. Htrttat art Ctflas'
H3t Springs.
Oannectlag at Iorle, Wash. with Golam
bbt Rlrer A Nortiera By. Co. for Goldea
dale sad XHrHttt Valley points. Tand!-
fst f Alder street. Pbone Mala 914.
S. STDOXALD, Ageat.
Astoria & Columbia
River Railroad Co.
Ieayefl.
UNION DEPOT.
ArrlvM.
Dally.
8:00 A. M.
For Maygers, Kalnler,
Cl&tskanie. "Weatport,
Clifton. Astoria, War
renton. Flavel. Ham
mond, Fort Stevens,
Gearhart Park, Sea
side. Astoria and Sea
shore. Express Dally.
Astoria Express.
Dall.
Dally.
11:10 A. M.
7:00 P. M.
9:40 P. U.
C A. STEWART, J. C. MAYO.
Ccnun'l Ast.. 218 Alder St. Q. F. it P. A.
Phone Main 906.
For South -hastern Alaska
LEAVR SR1TTT.P n a w
steamships CITY OF SDAtI
THE. May 6; RAMONA and
HUMBOLDT. May 11- COT
TAGE CITY. May 13.
Steamers' connect at San
Francisco 1th company's
steamers for ports In Callfor-
!' y nia, jaexjeo' ana Humboldt
'jSril' j. 'uiwcr imunnauon
uuuiiii iuiuci. rusnt is re
served to change steamers or sailing date.
TICKET OFFICES.
Portland 249 Washington st.
CAttlA IIS -TAmf mt aviA TyAV
San. Francisco 7.. ..10 Market St.
I-"" c. D. DUNANN. Gen. Pass. Agt.,
O OKENCaftAWVl-2
cnV "jS? -JO
w yV
THE PALATIAL
OUAN BUILDING
Not a dark office in the building;
absolutely fireproof; electric lights
and artesian water; perfect sanita
tion and thorough ventilation; ele
vators run day and night.
AINSLEE. DR. GEORGE. Physician and
Surgeon 606-60T
ASSOCIATED PRESS. S. B. Vincent. Mgr..813
AUSTEN, F. C, Manager for Oregon "and
Washington Bankers' Life Association of
Des Moines, la. 002-503
BAAB. DR. GUSTAV. Physician and Sur
geon 800-807
BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION OF DES
MOINES. IA.. F. C. Austen. Mgr.... 302-303
BATES. PHILIP S., Pub. Pacific Miner... 215
BENJAMIN, R. "W.. Dentist 31
BINSWANGER, OTTO S., Physician and
Surgeon . 407-408
BOGART. DR. M. D., Dentist 705
BROCK. "WILBUR F., Circulator Oregontaa.501
BRUERB, DR. G. E.. Phys 411-412-413-414)
CAMPBELL, WM. M., Medical Refere
Equitable Life -...700
CARDWELL. DR. J. R.. .Dentist 300
CAUKIN, G. E., District Agent Travelers
Insurance Company 718
CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J. 71C-71T
COGHLAN, DEJL J. N., Eye. Ear, Nose and
Throat 713-7M
COLLIER. P. F., Publishers; S. P. Mc-
Gutre, Manager 415
COLUMBIA GRANITE CO ..417-41SJ
CONNELL. DR. DB "WITTE, Eje. Ear.
Nose and Throat .'613-614
CORNELIUS, C. W., Phys. and Surgeon.. 213
DEVERB, A. E.. Diseases of the Hair and
Scalp 318
DICKSON, DR. J. F., Physician 713-71
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth Floor
EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder Street
EQUI. DR. MARIE D., Phys. and Sur.. 512-313
EQUITABLE LD7B ASSURANCE SO
CIETY, L. Samuel. Mgr.; G. S. Smith,
Cashier 308
FENTON, J. D., Phys. and Surgeon.'.. 509-510
FENTON, DR. HICKS C eye, ear, nose
and throat ... SIX
FENTON. MATTHEW F., Dentist 509
GALVANI. "W- H., Engineer and Draughts
man .....GOO
GEARY. DR. E. P., Physician and Sur
geon .-. 404-403-403
GIESY, DR. A. J.. Phys. and Surg 709-710
GOLDMAN, WILLIAM, Manager Manhat
tan Life Ins. Co., of New York 209-210
GORAY, DR. J. P., Eye, Ear, Nose and
Throat 204-203
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law....61T
GRISWOLD & PHEGLEY, Tailors
131 Sixth Street
HAFF & COLWELL. Mining Engineers.
U. S. Deputy Mining Surveyors...... 602-603
HAMMAN BATHS. Turkish and Russian..
- 300-301-302
HARDEN. MRS. L. K., Stenographer 201
HAWKB. DR. C E.. Phys. and Surg.. 603-609
HOLLISTER. DR. O. a. Physician and
Surgeon 604-505
HOLMES LUMBER COMPANY 401-403
HOSMER. DR. CHARLES SAMUEL. Physi
cian and Surgeon 701-702
IDLSMAN. C. M., Attorney-at-Law.... 615-018
JEFFREYS, DR. ANNICE F., Phys. and
Surgeon. "Women and Children only 400
JOHNSON, W. C. 315-316-317
KADY. MARK T Supervisor of Agents
Mutual Reserve Life Insurance Co 603
LANE. E. L.. Dentist 513-51
LAWBAUGH, DR. B. A. 804-805
LAWRENCE PUBLISHING CO 417-418
LITTLBFIELD & CORNELIUS 213
LITTLEFIELD, H. R., Phys. and Surg -...212
MACKAT, DR. A, E. Phys. and Surg. .711-713
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.
OF NEW YORK, W. Goldman, Mgr. .209-210
MAR8H, DR. R. J., Phys. and Surg 309-310
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 715
McELROY. DR. J. G.. Phys. & Surg.701-702-703
McGinn, henry e., Attorney-at-Law.311-313
McGUIRE, S. 7., Manager P. F. Collier,
Publisher 413
McKENZIE. DR. P. L., Phys. and Surg... 200
METT. HBNRY .'. 218
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 408
MUTUAL RESERVE LIFE INS. CO.,
Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-605
NICHOLAS HORACE B., Attorney-at-Law.718
NILES, M. M.. Cashier Manhattan Ufa
Insurance Company of New York... 209
NOTTAGEi DR. G. H., Dentist 608-609
NOTTINGHAM. T. "W., Mgr. The Warren
Construction Co ... .216-217
O'CONNOR, DR. H. P., Dentist 309-310
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY
.... ...409-410
OREGONIAN BARBER SHOP, MA.RSCH
& GEORGE. Props 120 Sixth Street
ORBGONLVN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,
J. F. StrauhaL Manager.. 200
PACIFIC MINER. Philip S. Bates, Pub 215
PAGUB, B. S., Attorney-at-Law 518
PALMER BROS.. Real Estate and Business
Chances . .417-413
PARKER. DR. MARY, Eye. Ear. Nose and
Throat .. 512-513
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFHIMARY
Ground Floor. 12S Sixth Street
REED, C J., Life Insurance 403
REED, "WALTER, Optician 133 Sixth Street
R03BNDALE, O. M., Metallurgist and Min
ing Engineer 318
ROTH. DR. JOHN B.. Phys. & Surg... 313-314
RYAN, J. B., Attorney-at-Law 313
RYAN. CHAS. N.. Advertising Broker 217
SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life... .303
SCOTT. C. N., with Palmer Bros 417-413
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Bute Commander K.
O. T. M. 517
SMITH, DR. ALAN WELCH, Physician
and Surgeon 207-203
SMITH. DR. L. B., Osteopath 409-410
SMITH. GEORGE S., Cashier Equitable
Life 303.
STOLTE. DR. CHARLES E Dentist.. 704-705
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 700
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE. .- 201
THE BLUE BOOK CO. MERCANTILE
AGENCY 601
THE NORTHWESTERN SECURITIES
CO.. Stocks and Bonds.... .....601
TUCKER, DR. .GEORGE F.. Dentist... 610-611
VESTER. A.. Special Agent Manhattan
Life 209
VOSE, DR. WM. H.. eye, ear, nose and
throat ... 514
WARREN CONSTRUCTION CO., T. W.
Nottingham. Manager 216-217
I WASHINGTON LOAN & INVESTMENT
CO 217"
WENDLING. DR. ROBT. F., Dentist 703
WILEY. DR. JAMBS O. Cu Phys. & Sur.70S-9
WILSON. DR. BDWARD N., Eye, Ear.
Nose and Throat .....394-305
WILSON. DR. GEO. F., -Phys. & Surg.708-707
WILSON, DR. HOLT C, Phys. & Surg. 507-303
WOOD, DR. W. L., Physician. .511-412,413-414
Offices may be had by applying to
the superintendent of the building,
1 raariLCLl. second iloorv - - .
4V Ls.MJ-U 7b- SHJ.U. ftimWWt