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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 15, 1903)
56 l1 " ' ' " - - - - . . , , . . . , - r - - -- , PORTY years ago a mortal combat waged between North and South. On the field rode a distinguished-looking anon whose broad shoulders bore a Major General's state. His flowing hair, long tmustache and Imperial were raven black, 'his eye piercing, his imposing presence In spiring, his voice commanding an ideal .beau sabreur. Peace at last. The dashing soldier lays Aside his sword. He becomes Governor of a territory, a Minister to a foreign power, and, finally, a writer, and an au thor of books. Notable as had been his achievements in the civil conflict, still -more so was to be his works in later life in the field of literary endeavors, till who can say that tho words put into the mouth of Richelieu by Bulwer Lytton do not ;apply to General Lew "Wallace, the author fof "Ben Hur," which, in book form, has "been read in many tongues by hundreds fol thousands of people, and, as a drama, hhas been seen in 131 weeks, or 1075 per formances, by more than a million and a fcalf Bcneath tho rulo of men entirely great, Tho pen is mightier than the sword. Today General "Wallace, a grizzled and .sturdy veteran of many a hard-fought (battle in two wars, with whitened hair end beard and world-wide honors won by (Ws magic pen and wonderfully brilliant Imagination, in the autumn of his life, may look back over his eventful career with, the satisfaction of knowing that $eace has even greater honors to bestow 'than -wars, for in many a household in REeOLLEeTlONS OF THOMAS FITCH No.X. Birth of the ISTORY consists of grouped blogra-' "f phles. It is possible so to state " facts as to construct them into an edifice of falsehood. The camera may be so adjusted as to distort its object. The writer of biography should, in the per formance of his task, be uninfluenced by Jove or hatred, fear or favor. I have knowrrthe persons and to some small ex tent participated In the events I shall at tempt to review In these articles, yet as a narrator I hope to be able to divest my self of all personal and partisan likes and dislikes, for time wears out preju dices, tranquillzes passions and induces snon to respect the integrity of motives of those from whom they have radically differed. If Wendell Phillips were alive today, iie would Incur no risk of personal - assault ""In addressing an audience ia New Orleans. If Jefferson Davis were still in the flesh he would be accorded a patient hearing in Boston. Such was not the case In 1SC0. The men of this genera tion can scarcely realize that less than half a century ago slavery was not only powerful but popular in the North as well as the South, while those who pro claimed themselves in favor of its aboli tion incurred the risk of social, political and business ostracism in the North, and assault and expulsion In the South. Few postmasters south of Mason and Dixon's line would have delivered a copy of the New York Tribune to a subscriber, and few subscribers in that section would have ventured to receive a copy of it except in a sealed envelope. The North ern man who journeyed southward pad locked his lips when he crossed the Po tomac or the Ohio. In the streets of Southern cities slaves marched to the auction block with the clank of their manacles unmuflled, but the voice of free dom was hushed In silence, her dramas were unrepresented, and her songs un sung. A despotism more drastic than that of Russia ruled in 15 states. The vast amount of capital invested in slave property was apparently safely en trenched behind barriers of Judge-made law, bastions of commercial power, and batteries of social prestige. In all of the Southern and In many of the Northern States the great forces of society were enlisted in the Interests of the slavehold ers. The conservative Influence of the churches always exercised In favor of existing authority was allied to the prejudices of the slums against the ne gro. The power of the banks millions of whose money was loaned upon the se curity of human chattels was linked to the ambition of politicians, whose nomi nation and election depended upon the fa yor of the slaveholders. For the existence of these conditions Impartial history will not hold tho peo a of tho South, responsible. Slavery ia our broad land, beside the Bible, the most revered of all books, rests a copy of "Ben Hur," the beautifully written crea- j tlon of fiction, which for fully 20 years nas neia a place in tne highest esteem of all lovers of pure and inspiring litera ture. The influence that lead one to achieve ments are always of interest to a reader, and how General Wallace came o write "Ben Hur" Is especially so to every one who has read his story, or who has seen it as translated to the stage. The first chapters of the novel, the book that refers to the meeting of the "Wise Men, Bal thasar, Casper and Melchoir, and the ap pearance to them of "the Star of Bethle hem," was written and published before General Wallace had conceived the idea of writing "Ben Hur." He was Journeying from Chicago to In dianapolis many years ago. In passing the door of a stateroom in his sleeper in the early morning he heard a familiar voice. He .rapped and partly entered in response to a cheery "Come in!" Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll was the occupant. "I will come In," said General Wallace, "if I may choose the subject of conver sation." "You certainly may," replied Colonel Ingersoll, undoubtedly thinking that the "mistake of Moses" and "creeds" were to be barred from the conversation. General Wallace seated himself oppo site Colonel Ingersoll. Looking him squarely in the eye, he asked: "Is there a God?" Without an instant of hesitation Col onel Ingersoll replied: V "I don't know; do you?" "Is there a future life?" asked th I General. finmn fnrm tivlcta anmAn.aA In 4UA world up to the very dawn of the present J century. Tne rortunes of battle, the acci dent of birth or the color of the epidermis was each in Its time a potent factor In determining which man was a slave and which was a freeman. The Hebrew with the awl mark of bondage in his ear was of the same race as his master. The Iron-collared thrall of Cedrlc was of pure Saxon blood, and the white Goth was the slave of the dusk-browed Roman. The early emigrants to the new world, whether they landed at Plymouth or on the shores of Chesapeake Bay .were crafts men or traders, or soldiers, or farm pro prietors, or tenants, or men of gentle blood, who came to America In pursuit of freedom or fortune, and among them was not included any great number of unskilled laborers. The need of hewers of wood and drawers of water was supplied by white convicts, and by kidnaped Africans, and in the early part of the eighteenth century the lash was applied to the back of labor as freely and as frequently In Connecticut as in Carolina. Cotton culture and not conscience swept slavery out of New England the Middle States Into the country south of the Potomac, and It remained there long after England and France had banished it from their West Indian colonies, and even after the half barbaric Russian had emancipated every serf from the White Sea to the Black Sea, from the Baltic to the Pacific At the close of the Revolutionary War the existence of slavery was defended in the South on economic rather than on moral grounds. Slave-holding abolition ists ivere not uncommon, and Washington and Jefferson left on record as strong t ucuuuuuuuiu uj. stuvery as were ever penned by Garrison. But as the area and the profits of cotton culture and the fa cilities of inter-communication Increased, so did 'the necessity for the protection of slave property, and slavery became aggressive by that very necessity of its nature which demanded expansion as a condition precedent of continued exist ence. Where it ceased to grow, it began to die. It refused to believe that the world was weary of it. It refused to ap preciate the fact that the moral sense of tho North, no longer deadened by the opiate of profit, was Intolerant of further alliance with it. It refused to under stand that agitation for its present re striction and ultimate abolition could no more be suppressed than could the waves be stopped from dashing when the storm king rides the seas, or the earth be stopped from quivering when Internal fires throb in her furnaces. Unmindful or disregardful of the fact that the dormant and drowsy hostility of the North to slavery was sleeping but not dead, the slave holders rudely; awakened It by i THE STODAY OREOOSttAN, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 15, 1903. N Again tho reply, "I don't know; do I Yet this has been brought about by the gT fJjfflL f jBPHuJ r " SStS j S you?" soldier's story, by the pen in the hand sSSgiV' 0 " Jwls$ Hr5HBBAi - kksHS Again tho reply, "I don't know; do you?" "Was Christ divine?" Again, "I don't know; do you?" "The floor is yours, Colonel," remarked General Wallace, setting himself back in his seat in anticipation of the brilliant discourse he was to listen to and for which he had laid a foundation. It was many years before General Wal lace spoke of this conversation and not fully until after the production of "Ben Hur as a drama at the Broadway The ater, New York City, four years ago. He then said that he was amazed at his own Ignorance of the subject he had led Col onel Ingersoll to discuss. When he parted from the Colonel It was with the deter mination to know more of It. It was this study of Christianity that led him to be lieve in the divinity of Christ and Inspired him indirectly to write "Ben Hur." Strange indeed that a conversation with the greatest agnostic of the nineteenth century should inspire him to write a book that has proved the foundation for a drama of which a writer has said in reference to two Incidents In it: "Nothing in all literature or art so pro foundly brings home to one a realization of Christ's living presence on earth as these two wonderfully realistic scenes, presented with such evident respect for the greatest Name In all history." And stranger still, considering the preju-t dice against the theater that has always existed among church people, that believ ers should at last accept from the stage one of the most powerful Christian les sons that can possibly be conveyed a representation of Christ's time on earth so realistically presented that His merely suggested presence Inspires one with awe. repealing the Mossouri compromise, which they themselves had enacted 34 years be fore. For that which followed let no man un duly and unjustly censure the Southern people. They were and are bravesacri flclng, generous, hospitable, chivalrlc people of the best type of American man hood and womanhood, and that Is the best type of manhood and womanhood in the world. From causes beyond their control and almost beyond their compre hension slavery had woven Its cancer ous fibers Into the social and commercial life of their body politic, and they were as helpless slaves to the Institution of slavery as the black people were slaves to them. Slavery could not, as the advocates of compensated emancipation proposed, be bought out of existence it had to be fought out. When the Missouri compromise line was destroyed the freemen of the North awoke with the spring and roar of lions aroused from slumber. Out of the farms apd factories, out of the forests and mines, out of the shops and counting-houses they came. They formed the grandest organization of freemen that the world has ever known, and they named it the Republican party. For it and its be neficent purposes the tongue of the orator has been kindled with fire from the altar. For It the strain of the poet has swelled to the sweetness of song. For It the sword of the soldier has flashed along the line of victorious armies, and whatever the future may. have in store for it, its glorious past will live as long as the English tongue. X The Republican party may not always have ben infallible in its selection of measures, and it may not always have been wise in Its choice of representatives, but its purposes have ever been high and patriotic It was officered at its incep tion by captains whose names now stand high upon the roll call of fame. Sumner and Wilson, and Fessenden and' John F. Hale in New England. Seward in New York, Winter Davis, and Cassius M. Clay and the Elairs in the Border States; Chase, and Wade, and Giddlngs, and Trumbull, and Chandler, and Doollttle In the Northwest, Baker and Tracy, and the Shatters on the Pacific. "There were giants in the land In those days" Intel lectual caryatides who upheld their age Small men with large bank accounts had not then excluded large men with small bank accounts from the high places of state. The Pretorlan guards of politics had not then Inaugurated the practice of shamelessly selling Senatorial togas to metallic accidents whose dense and un sensltlve egotism mode -them unaware that a seat in the United States Senate is not of Itself distinction, but only an opportunity to achieve it. The man who had no claims to high places, and no Qualifications for It but who had a talent- Yet this has been brought about by the soldier's story, by the pen in the hand of "the truly great," translated to the stage with most marked reverence for its religious side so emphasized as to call forth the unqualified commendation of clergymen of every denomination, Catho lic, Protestant and Hebrew. Many years ago General Wallace was besought for the right to present "Ben Hur" as a drama. Lawrence Barrett was particularly anxious to produce the sto ry, but General Wallace declined to en tertain any proposition. Nojne who ap proached him could explain a practical way In which the great sea flght and the rescue of Arrius by Ben Hur, the chariot race and the miracle scene could be pre sented as incidents In a dramatic story, or how the religious atmosphere of the tale could be maintained In its integrity without offense to Christian people. For 20 years he turned a deaf ear to all ap plicants, until nearly sir years ago, Messrs. Klaw & Erllnger began negotia tions with him. They approached him In a practical way. They had solved all the mechanical difficulties and could demonstrate how the sea fight and chariot race could be presented as realistic, or so cleverly mim icking reality as to seem real. "But what about the Nazarene? Tho story of 'Ben Hur cannot be told in a play without the miracle scene," re marked General Wallace. His main objection to the dramatiza tion of his work has always centered in this incident- He would never consent to the story being dramatized In a form that involved the appearance of the Christ as a personality. The difficulties attending the presentation of a realistic sea fight and chariot race he had always made for caucus manipulation and a fortune that he was willing to expend to grat- rify his absurd ambition, would never havo aspired to a Senatorial seat. No Ken tucky distiller would havo attempted to supersede John C. Brekenrldge. No Mas sachusetts cotton spinner could have bought Charles Sumner's seat from under him, and a syndicate of state legislators organized to sell' the votes of its mem bers on all bills in a job lot for a round sum for the session, would have ex pected to leave tho state immediately after adjournment. The history of the organization of the Republican party is a history of patriot ism and of unselfish devotion to principle. It has often been aptly described as a party of high ideals. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill made no longer available tho honoyed glue of compromise with which Henry Clay had so often linked repellant atoms In inharmonious alliance, and in 1850. for the first time in our history, the forces of freedom and slavery were aligned for battle. Candi dates for Democratic nomination for the Presidency Were numerous, but the chief contest was between IJouglas and Bu- cnanan. .uougias was cunipuruuvciy young, his fidelity to slavery had not been tested, the slaveholders needed the Key stone state, and they selected the morally cartilaginous and mentally unsatisfied Pennsylvanlan as an affable availability. Out of the ultimate West came Fremont to lead the forces of freedom. Pathfinder was he, seeking untrodden ways in poli tics as In the exploration of mountain and desert. With the light of freedom in his loyal eyes, and the bronze of West ern suns in the face that never feared a foe or shirked a contest, he led the Re publican party In a battle which, though lost, yet proved the Bunker's Hill of a new revolution. The contest of 185G was the midnight sun of an emancipated North, for its setting rays glowed with the presage of a victory that was to bring the illumination of freedom to a Nation. Thirty-four years after his nomination for President, atthe ripe age of 77, after a life of more than ordinary vicissitudes, John C. Fremont journeyed on. It was my privilege to know him Intimately in his later years. He combined the tire less energy and the adventurous spirit of the frontiersman, and the close applica tion and analytical mind of the scholar, with the suave and cultured courtesy of the diplomat. Whether hunting griz zlies, fighting Apaches, exploring secrets of the mountains, or presiding with ex quisite grace at social gatherings, he was equally at home, and was ever the same brave, unsuspicious, generous, manly, loyal gentleman. "His dauntless yet un obtruslve courage, his comprehensive grasp of Ideas, his painstaking attention to details bis strict performance of all v- Zfc---- JfciMiMMmiwMiMlifiiniiiTi I f i.-li 1 rvrw- - vSS!": r secondary to a reverent interpretation of the touching Incident of the healing of the lepers on Mount Olivet, where he believed the tale of "Ben Hur" for dra matic purpose should end. "True," was the reply to the General's inquiry. "We have a plan which-will be perfectly effective and yet treat the sub ject with all possible reticence and re spect. We would present the miracle In cident, but instead of the Nazarene, ap pearing as a personality, we would sim ply suggest his presence by a shaft of light General Wallace sat for some moments in deep study. Finally he raised his head. "Gentlemen," he said, "I think you have described plans which will lead to a perfect presentation of 'Ben Hur' on the stage. For years I have re fused to consider such propositions, be cause those who made them could not demonstrate to me how my own concep tion of what this story should be as a play could be realized. You have done so completely and I will accept your proposition." Tho contract signed that day has re -Republican Party and 'Personality of Fremont duties, his generous surrender to others when only his own Interests were at stake, his tenacious loyalty to principle when the public interest was Involved. his sacrificing adherence to purposes and plans when the Interests of his friends were concerned, his exquisite manners and his sweetness of disposition especially endeared him to all who were admitted to the inner circle of his friendship, and these were not many, for he was natur. ally reserved and retiring. The paths which the pioneer hewed through tho passes and over the summits of the mountains are now resonant with the push of Iron feet, and about the ashes of his campfire" cities have grown, yet not for many generations will his name and his fame be forgotten In tho land ho served and loved so well. Jessie Benton Fremont was not only an inheritor of thegenius of her father, but she was the inspiring spirit of her hus band's undertakings. They were not merely husband and wife they were close companions, coworkers, friends, and the admiration of each for the other seemed fresh and untarnished to the last. From some letters of Mrs. Fremont to Mrs. Fitch, I select a few extracts which i in some small degree illustrate tho homo life and Thought of this remarkable wom an. Prescott. March 13, 1S7!. I would give two cents not to be such a coward about horses, for this is weather In which driv ing Is indispensable. I used to think no one (meaning myself) could be unhappy who can command tho sea, plenty of music and flowers, and an open carriage.. Behold me destitute of all theso props of the mind, and not even lonesome. Washington, January 30. 1SS7. I fancy If Noah had sent a telegram from Ararat h would have simply said "the rain has ceased to fall;" other words would havo been be w the fact. Into my life the rain has ceased to fall, for my sons arc with me again. Is there anything so dear as the "talUs," when years drop Into the back ground and the home Is again complete? I am more busy than is reasonable. I go nowhere and see only near friends, and they in- tho. evening, for this right hand of mine Is too useful to the General for me to waste any nerve power. You will get by mall some collected papers written for a young people's magazine. You will please remem ber nursery puddings cannot have- any flavor but nutmeg or cinnamon, so they are not harmless (my papers and the puddings), but I know you will find both 'to please you, and It pleases me to send it to you. Breathe up some soft sea air for me flowers, fruits, sunshine and sea air. Why must I live inland so much? Los Angeles, May 0, 1S03. Wo are in that sort of Nirvana that has but llttlo foreground and a lovely background, so we rest on what has been. More than content z:Bss HuR-AHD-H-isIoTWEVP-JS-raK" sulted in the greatest artistic and finan cial success the world has ever known in an exhibition of most exalted dramatic and scenic art that has held the stage in 31 cities and which attracts great crowds wherever presented. William Young, a scholar of great at tainments and a dramatic writer of force and dignity, made the dramatic version of "Ben Hur" which is presented in six acts and 15 scenes. The scenes represent ing the Wise Men In the desert and the appearance to them of the Star of Bethlehem; the roof-terrace of the palace of Bur In Jerusalem where the quarrel between Ben Hur and Messala and the in cident of the falling tile changes the for tune of the hero and his mother and sis ter, and brings them under the crushing hand of Gratus, the new Roman pro curator; the rowers' deck on the galley of Arrius, the Roman tribune; the rescue of Arrius by Ben Hur; the house of SI monldes in Antioch; the temple of Apollo In the Grove of Daphne; the fountain of Castalla; the dowar of the Shlek Ilderim in the orchard of Palms, the lake in the orchard of Palms; the exterior of the In the soft case of climate and flowers, and true friends who keep us well reminded that wc are pleasant to them. Los Angeles, January 20, 1S0C Your hus band has Cleopatra's charm, for there Is no wither or stale to his continued power to put things common into fresh most con vincing light. I have been reading with more than usual pleasure his lucid, com pact, common-sense view of possible re sults between us and England, if there should come actual war out of the Vene zuelan question. You spoke the beautiful true appreciation of the General's delightful simplicity of courtesy the courtesy of the heart as well as of training. You will feel what It was to him to write his resignation from the army and send it to my father bt'ore he raised tho Hag "In case the Gotrnment wished to disavow the ad." I am not so dark as I am depicted in the enclosed photograph I see you shudder, but when one has survived one's self and the past is forever post, what matters the picture. And now the "Jessie" for whom in the campaign of 1S3G I held a blazing brand aloft, and whom it was our good fortune to welcome with the General to our Ari zona home in the little world of our own, "in the brave days of old," when Pres cott was SCO miles from a railroad, has journeyed on to meet her husband on the other bank of the ultimate river, whoso roar deadens all sound to mortal ears. For years she waited, neither eary of this life nor fearful of the next, tran quilly and cheerfully, recalling all that was sweetest in the past, and waiting for all that Is best In the future. For her as for all who comprehend the true philosophy of life and death, old age does not exist for that part of us which alone lives. Time may plough furrows In the face and make the joints rickety, and dull the senses, but our ego Is be yond his puny malice. It will surely "flourish In immortal youth, unhurt amid tho wreck of matter and the crash of worlds." It need3 no priest to estab lish this, and no skeptic can deny It, for we know It with an Intuition higher than reason; we know it from the testimony of our own souls, and thought Is a witness never suborned. Both General and Mrs. Fremont were keenly appreciative of the humorous side of life, and Incidents were not left unre lated because the Joke was upon the nar rator. Mrs. Fremont was fond of garden ing and the General had employed a French gardener who understood his trade but who was exceedingly averse to receiving orders from a woman. His pe culiarities were overlooked as much as possible, but on one occasion Antolne flat ly and Insolently refused to execute an order given by Mrs. Fremont. It was impossible to condonfc such deliberate in- 1 subordination, and the man was discharg N great arena at Antioch; the chariot race; the victory of Ben Hur; the Palace of Hur In Jerusalem; the tombs of the lepers in the "Vale of Hinnom ad Mount Olivet. It will be observed that this scenario re tains every vital Incident of the story to the crucifixion, which, of course, could have n6 place In any dramatic perform ance except the Passion Play, performed abroad every ten years solely as a re ligious rite. It omits only, with this ex ception, the fight between Ben Hur and the companion of Thord, the Northman in the palace in Antioch. where the victor in the chariot race is lured after the con test by the crippled Messala, who plots his death. What a contrast between the. dramatic version of "Ben Hur" and some others that have been based on "popular novels" during the past seven years. Both from, a literary and dramatic standpoint, with out reference to the merit and interest in the story on which It Is founded. It pos sesses a true ring that Is not even echoed In the slightest degree by the carpdnter shop creations which have been inflicted on the public as "dramatizations" of late. ed on the spot, and directed to go to the General's office for his pay. Arrived at his destination, Antoine's wrath had cooled and he attempted an explanation. "Gen eral," said he, "I am sorry for this. I like you. General; I could live viz you forevare. But you wife. General; Mon Dleu, you wife is a terrare." "There," said General Fremont,, "that will do, my man. You can go." Antoine gathered up andj pocketed his wages and with a shrug, exclaimed: "General, good bye. General, I am very, very sorry for you. As for me, as you say, I can go. But you, ah, you must stay!" (Copyright. 1903. by Thomas Fitch.) 56.50 Book FREE BE A MAN KNOW THYSELF te$6.50 Medical book FREE, V42QQ Pages,42PIclures,flrst fa copy cost $500. Sent Free, Postpaid; Sealed. Han'a duty "on Earth Lore. CourtshlD. 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