THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, HAY 8, 1903.
MUNICIPALISM
FROM HARPER'S WEEKLY
"As recarfia municipal ownership.- wo are a
Imndred years behind Great Britain." Harper
rKfceklr. March 14. 1903.
I showed that sentence to an English
Snember of Parliament, -who has been
twice Mayor and lor over ten years a.
councillor or Alderman of ono of the larg
est cities In the Kingdom. His comment
Iras startling. "Happy America!" he ex
claimed. "Long may she remain so." Ho
went on to make a vigorous attack on the
excesses of modern "municipal enter
prise." The old form of It, the form
known as "gas and water socialism," he
approved. Experience had convinced him
that there were certain undertakings
which, being monopolistic in their nature,
and vitally bearing on the health or
safety or necessary comforts of the peo
ple, could be more efficiently and xnoro
economically controlled by a municipality
than by a private company. He could
not, and no more, he declared, -could any
one else, lay down hard and fast lines as
to the sphere in which municipal enter
prise might legitimately move. Local
conditions, as it seemed to him, could
alone determine that. But he thought it
unquestionable that when a municipality
branched out into all sorts of minor trades
of a speculative and even experimental
character. Incurred Immense liabilities in
prosecuting them, and raised local taxa
tion to an almost unbearable height, a
point was reached where it became a mat
ter of principle and common sense to call
a halt. That point, in his opinion, Eng
land had not only reached, but passed.
"Our local governing authorities," he
said, "have gone crazy over municipal
trading. England, without realizing It,
Is settling rapidly down on a Collectivist
basis. The municipalities are the social
ism of the future in embryo, and the men
who compose them, whether they know it
or not, are playing the game of the Social
ists to perfection. Of course, socialism
has lost a good many of Its terrors. 'Wo
are all Socialists now," as Harcourt said.
But there is one thing that has not lost
Its terrors, and that is bankruptcy. If
municipal speculation goes on at Its pres
ent rate, it is my opinion we must either
end in a sort of local bankruptcy or else
in such a widespread atrophy of private
Initiative as will work our commercial
ruin. That Is why, as a lifelong friend
and admirer of America, I am glad to
hear she Is 100 years behind us in the mat
ter of municipal ownership. That is why
I say, 'Long may she remain so.' "
One hears opinions like this expressed
on all sides nowadays. I do not think it
would be too much to say that the lntelll
gent public spirit of this country Is pre
paring for a revolt from the extremes of
the 'new munlclpallsm." Ratepayers de
fense clubs, property-owners' associations,
citizens unions, industrial protective so
cieties, and so on, are multiplying all over
the Kingdom, and endeavoring to arouse
the average respectable citizen, whoso
apathy "is at the root of mischief, Into
some active sense of tho dangers that lie
inevitably ahead. An invaluable series
of articles contributed to the Times dur
ing the Summer and Pall of last year ha.i
given an immense Impetus to the move
ment. It Is not an impossible undertak
ing, but it is an exceedingly arduous one
how much so may be gathered from
studying the example" of Glasgow. Glas
gow prides itself on being tho model
municipality of Great Britain. It is, at
any rate, the most active. Tho Corpora
tionthat is to say, the City Council-
DO METALS SUFFER FROM DISEASE?
GERMAN SCIENTISTS'.BELIEVE THAT IRON, COPPER
AND STEEL GET SICK
Q
TJEER experiments that havjj, been
made recently in Europe with met
als have opened a" new world for the
-metallurgist a word full of marvelous,
Almost inlry-llke. possibilities.
The first striking discovery that was
anade is that metals suffer from diseases.
They become sick, and their strength or
hardness or elasticity will vanish myste
riously, and not from the ordinary causes
known to metalworkers. Through all the
-eges of metalworklng until now, these
-curious .weakenings and unexpected de
lects In apparently sound, high-grado
metals have been set down as "flaws,"
and even scientists accepted this as an
explanation; yet now that the recent
studies and experiments have begun to
solve the puzzle, it is evident to everybody
that "flaw" really explained nothing. To
call the defect a flaw was only to give a
name, that meant very little, to an entire
ly unknown condlition.
Before the new experiment had gone
far, it was discovered that metals can bo
poisoned poisoned Just as readily and
with as fatal effect as any organic body,
such as an animal or a plant.
Of course, with this development, the
question arose at once. Is a metal an or-'
ganlc body after all?
But scientists did not dareN to commit
themselves so far. They asked themselves
the question in private at first. To ask it
in public was almost to ask the world to
change ono of its fundamental scientific
beliefs, tho belief In a great diversion of
matter Into two mighty classes, one of
which Is organic and tho other inorganic.
More experiments followed, some of
them so elaborate that a single one re
quired many months before It reached a
result; most of them were so Ingenious
that even ordinary scientific men could
not follow the intricate processes intelli
gently, and only specialists could perceive
the real meaning that lay hidden in tho
results. At last, however, the demonstra
tions had multiplied so much and were so
striking in their significance that hesita
tion gave way to assurance and the the
ory of disease of metals has been so lr
accepted by the practical men of metal
lurgy that tho Imperial Navy-yard in
Wllhelmshaften, Germany, sends metals
regularly to the "autopsy-room" and "dis
secting tables" of Professor Heyn, one of
the leaders in the new investigation.
To Inoculate Metal.
Now another of tho specialists In the
new research, tho famous Dr. Hechhold,
of Germany, has gone still further not
In a mere conjectural theory, but with a
conclusion reached as the end of a series
of careful, logical steps fortified by ex
periment. "Who knows." he asks In summing up
his studies, "if metallurgy will not soon
create a now and vastly Important branch
for Itself the branch of producing Inoc
ulating material for metals which shall
change their timber and form swiftly. In
stead of waiting for tho slow processes
of forging and tempering that obtain to
day? He explains this conclusion as follows:
There are many organic and Inorganic
substances in which sharp changes .of
temperature produce changes of structure,
or, as scientists put it, which assume new
"phases" under such changed conditions.
This alteration of form or structure can
fce produced suddenly If the temperature
point necessary for alteration is very de
cidedly overstepped. But if the tempera
ture does not go far above or below the
alteration point, it is necessary generally
to Introduce an artificial Impulse to con
summate the change.
It Is possible, for instance, under certain
circumstances to cool water to a tempera
ture well below freezing point, and still it
will not Bolidlfy into ice until a crystal of
Ice Is introduced. Then It begins to form
Ice crystals at once, and soon is solid.
Pure glycerine cannot be frozen with
ordinary means, even If they produce tem
peratures as low as 20 degrees below zero,
until a bit of glycerine that has already
been frozen Is introduced. But as soon as
this crystal of frozen glycerine Is In, the
IN -ENGLAND
sr BY SYDNEY BROOKS
supply the people of Glasgow with water,
gas. electric light, cable and electric cars,
and telephones; they control 31 public
parks and galleries, 13 baths and
wash-houses, a fruit and vegetable
market, a dead-meat market, a home cat
tle market, two foreign cattle markets, a
cheese market, a bird and dog market and
an old clothes market, "four slaughter
houses and offices, four hospitals and one
burying grbund; they are the owners of
24S8 municipal houses, 78 lodging-houses,
of which they manage seven themselves;
a family home, which they also direct; S72
shops, 49 stores, 43 warehouses, work
shops, 12 balls, two churches, two hotels,
one theater, one studio, ono pawn office,
one nursing home, ono powder mill, one
laundry, one bakehouse, one golf course
and one GoEpel tent; they farm over 1000
acres of land, where large crops are
grown, including all the bay used In the
stables of the cleansing department, as
well as crops of oats, wheat, turnips, etc.;
they convert the city sewage Into solid
matter and sell it to farmers ror manure;
they carry on business as market garden
ers; they possess stone quarries and 900
railway wagons; they build street cars.
reclaim bogs, conduct a civic granary,
raise $5000 a year on the clinker from the
refuse cremating furnaces, collect and
sell waste paper, and- are not above melt
ing and disposing of the solder from tho
old tin cans they find In the dust heapa.
The contributor to the Times adds that
this catalogue makes no pretense of be
ing exhaustive. Such as It Is, however. It
will probably suffice to startle even those
light-hearted - New Tork statesmen who
proposed the nationalization of the Penn
sylvania coal mines "by the right of em
inent domain."
Glasgow, moreover, is only ono of many
an extreme, but by no means unique,
example of what Is going on all over the
kingdom. The Times correspondent found
and collected Instances of the same sort
of "enterprise" wherever he looked.
There were about ten or a dozen towns in
England where municipal sterilized milk
for babies is supplied. The local governing
authorities not only furnish the milk, but
feeding bottles with it tho purchaser be
ing required to bring tho teats at specified
Intervals to the municipal milk store that
their cleanliness may be tested. From this
to the municipalization of the entire milk
supply Is only a moderate step. It has not
yet been taken, but sooner or later It in
evitably will be. Several local governing
authorities run saloons. Several others
have set up homes for inebriates. General
hospitals are still, for the most part, left
to the support of private charity, but san
atoria for consumptives, smallpox and
scarlet-fever hospitals are common ob
jects of municipal benevolence. In one
town tubes of serum are prepared out of
the public funds for cases of diphtheria
and puerperal fever, and sold at a nomin
al price for all who' apply for them. Cem
eteries and crematoria under municipal
ownership and management literally
abound. The control of local markets
has always, and quite properly, been vest
ed In the local authority, but municipal
markets aro now swiftly leading to mu
nicipal slaughter-houses, municipal cold
storage houses, municipal Ice factories.
Cardiff has a municipal fish market; Tor
quay breeds rabbits on a large tract of
land where water is collected for the
municipal water-works, and tho profits
from the -sale of them goes to reducing
the rates tho experiment having answered
so well that tho City Council has now
gone in for sheep farming; Tunbrldge
rest of tho glycerine, which has been so
stubborn until then, becomes docile and
begins to freeze beautifully.
For some time past the process has been
technically called "vaccination," because
the term was so apt and convenient; but
until the present day no one suspected
how much truth lay in the accidental'
name for the process.
Vaccination, for Crystallization.
Tet this process Is nothing more nor less
than Inoculating an inorganic substance
with crystals In order to "breed" in it
the condition of crystallization which Is
tho necessary first step to lead to freez
ing. And the conversion of iron or steel
is only a series of processes of crystalli
zation. Now recently a strange thing in met
allurgy happened. A ship was loaded with
Banca tin in the straits and sailed for a
northern port in Europe. When it ar
rived there and the work of unloading tho
valuable cargo began, the" merchants to
whom It was consigned were amazed and :
dismayed to discover that the entire ship
ment had actually crumbled Into dust
Here was a mystery. For a long time
no one coftld solve it. Tears ago it would
have been dismissed Anally with the state
ment that there must have been a "flaw"
or a "fault" in the tin. But the flaw
theory had become unsatisfactory.
Then Professor Bredlg came out with
photographs that he had made In a church
In Silesia. The pictures showed the rem
nants of organ pipes, most of them full
of queer, crumbling holes. "Whole pipes
had vanished absolutely.
There was no rust and all "investigation
tailed to show any other of the causes
that are known as destroyers of metal.
All Investigators at last confessed them
selves nonplussed, until Professor Bredlg,
who had made a study of the new theo
ries of tho diseases of metals, found a
"wound." a genuine, open wound, in a
pipe; and his careful, accurate and rigid
experiments furnished the convincing
proof that this wound had Infected the en
tire series of pipes with a creeping dis
ease. Scarcely had he finished his investiga
tions In the Sileslan Church before a
strango coincidence enabled him to ex
tend his experiments, and at the some
time obtain additional proof of the cor
rectness of his previous findings.
He was asked to inspect tho great tin
roof of the Rathaus or Council House of
Rothenburg. Arrived there, he was In
formed that several years ago the roof,
although it had been attended to carefully,
painted regularly, and kept perfectly free
from rust, had begun to crumble away.
No one could Imagine what caused it
Professor Bredig soon discovered a cen
ter of infection. And he was able not
only to trace tho gradual progress of the
infection over the Council House roof, but
to show where the disease bad actually
spread to a tin roof near by.
The "Wonderful Tin-Pest.
The phenomenon has been named "tin
pest," and tho explanation has been ad
vanced that tin retains Its distinctive and
most valuable attributes only In tempera
tures above 20 degrees. In cold greater
than this structural modification occurs
quickly, and If the cold Is pushed to an in
tensity great enough to disintegrate the
tin, it often crumbles away In a grayish
powder.
In temperatures that do not often fall
far below 20 degrees, the changes are .ex
tremely slow, unless the tin becomes in
fected with the "gray modification." If
some of the gray powder of tin that has
happened to disintegrate should attach
Itself to the sound tin, then the disease
communicates Itself rapidly to all parts of
the metal.
In the cases of tin plates such es are
used for roofs, the tin Is not a chemical
individuality of Its own, but is a- mixture
of iron and tin, both of which have al
ready passed, through several modifications
during the processes of conversion into
plates. Therefore, the process of infec
tion becon.es complicated, and & tin roof
offers a less resisting field than pure tin.
Now, if metals can be thus Infected with
disease. It follows that they can be inocu
lated as organic substances can be. And
"Weils grows hops, and Liverpool beetroots
on -their sewage farms; at Colchester there
are municipal oysters, which those who
have never tasted an American oyster
may conceivably relish; Brighton and sev
eral other towns own racescourses; a
few have built theaters; "West Ham not
only manufactures its own paving-stones,
but sells its surplus to contractors; many
local authorities drive a good business in
tho residual products of gas Manchester,
for instance, trading in soap, oil, tallow
and mortar; most of the corporations that
supply gas are prepared also to furnish
stoves and all the necessary fittings;
Sheffield undertakes plumbing work, as a
side issue to furnishing water; Liverpool
has a municipal tailoring establishment,
where the uniforms of the town officials
and employes are made; Batters ea cuts
all tho timber required for municipal
buildings and street paving in its own
sawmill; Cardiff does the same; Man
chester manufactures for Itself all the
wagona, brooms and brushes needed by tho
local street cleaning department; the
"Westminster City Council at the time of
the coronation set up as seat speculators,
and got most handsomely "left"; a good
many local authorities provide hands In
the parks, organ recitals, and free mu
nicipal concerts; Nottingham runs both a
university college and an aviary; the Lon
don County Council makes a free distribu
tion of plants at the end of each Summer
season: Glasgow, Liverpool and Liecester
provide window-boxes filled with flowers
for cottages In the poor and crowded dls
tricts; Blackpool, a seaside resort, spends
thousands of pounds a year on advertising
Its charms and subscribes considerable
sums to the local "attractions": Harrow-
gate goes one better by offering visitors
municipal displays of fireworks; at least
a score of local authorities own golf links
and cycle tracks, and. on a somewhat
higher plane, schemes are constantly be
ing put forward for municipal Insurances
offices, municipal banking, and municipal
ownership of coal mines and canals.
Side by side and Intimately connected
with all this are to be noted a prodigious
expansion of municipal indebtedness it
now Btands at well over JLEOO.000,000
ana an increase In local rates almost as
great The way In which local authorities
plunder manufacturers. Industrial companies,-
well-to-do traders and property-
owners that some fresh municipal enter
prise may be undertaken is almost Incred
ible. Tho question of local rates is be
coming as formidable to British Industry
as the question of trade unionism. More
over, it is a fact that the "new munlcl
pallsm" is the direct outcome of tho con
certed movement which English trade
unionists, socialists and labor men have
organized for the capture of the local au
thorities. They have pushed forward this
movement with an electioneering skill
worthy of an American campaign man
ager. One result of their Irruption Into
City Cpunclls is that the best type of men
are ceasing to Interest themselves in local
affairs; another is that while the range
of municipal activity is constantly widen
ing, its efficiency is as steadily deterior
ating. At the samo time a bureaucracy
of municipal office-holders is being solid
ly formed, and even the municipal em
ployes are now a sort ef trade union on
their own account. Add to this the un
fairness of a local authority competing
with and finally crushing private traders
and professional men, add the paralyzing
effect on invention and initiative, add
further the recklessness with which wild
cat schemes are plunged into and the ex
travagant Inefficiency with which they are
usually prosecuted, add finally the sus
picion that a municipal balance sheet
needs as close a scrutiny as a prospectus
from Mr. "Whltaker Wright's pen, and you
will understand why Englishmen envy
America her 100 years backwardness.
London. April 4, 1903.
as science has gradually built a bridge-
between animal life and plant life, so It
appears possible now to find a bridge be
tween the lower phases of plant life and
the so-called inorganic or dead world.
The "Life" of Metals.
To the layman tho fact that metals can
be treated Indefinitely by heat without
destruction seems naturally to prove that
they can possess the attribute which is
called "life." But the whole course of
plant Hfo depends on temperature and Its
changes, and temperature affects all an!
mals, Including man, even producing 111
ness and death when the changes aro sud
den.
In other words, as gradual and normal
changes of temperature affect animal and
plant life normally, so they do metals
and abrupt and abnormal changes of tern
perature change the structural form of
each.
The phrase "unchangeable as steel" is
decidedly incorrect Steel in its making
has to undergo all the changes that the
animal body undergoes in the course of
growth. It is a combination -of iron and
carbon, and carbon is organic. The Ger
man metallurgists have come to speak
as a matter of course of the "life" that
unfolds Itself In steel under the various
temperatures that aro applied to It In
working it
During tho course of its changes, it
often develops qualities that make it use
less for Industrial purposes while they
last Thus at one step it becomes brittle
a. temporary diseased condition that
yields to what might almost be called the
medical treatment of heat properly grad
uated.
Poison this steel with hydrogen or hy
drogenous matter and you sicken It so
decidedly that It gets Into a condition
where it is as brittle as If It had been
ruined In tempering.
Professor Heyn has been studying tho
changes in Iron under all grades of tem
perature, and he holds that the metal
passes through various stages of disease
that produce structural changes just as
cells change In form, size and .position in
tho forms commonly called "organic"
He heated copper in order to find why
that metal suffers from overheating, and
his conclusion is that it becomes poisoned
with copper protoxide, which so sickens it
that its structure changes and partially
DreaKs aown.
FOR THE 1905 FAIR.
Proposal to Get Loan of Queen Vic
toria.' Jubilee Presents.
PORTLAND, May L (To the Editor.)
As a British-born subject 15 years real
dent in the West I should like to sug-
gest to those living In Oregon who were
born in the realms of the late Queen
that wo might unite In a petition to his
present Majesty (whose regard for tho
United States is welL. known) to permit
his late mothers jubilee presents to
loaned frcm St Louis" to bur Exposition
in 1905.
I am aware -of -tho difficulties In the
way, such as insuring their safety in
the Interval, etc, but if arranged, what
a help It would be to an enterprise so
dear to our adopted state, and we could
only get a courteous refusal, at the most
It seems to mer this would be the best
way to strengthen any application for
such exhibit which, if obtained, would
be of immense interest to thousands of
those born "across tho pond" and visi
tors generally. Anyhow, I throw out the
idea for tho consideration of the British
organizations and the directors of the
Lewis and Clark Fair.
JAMES HEATLEY.
Americas Capital for JLoBdoa Tifbca.
NBVT YORK, May 2. Several of the
most Important banks and trust compa
nies In the United States have joined a
syndicate to underwrite an Issue of $15,
000,000 5 per cent ten-year notes of the
Underground Electric Railway Company,
of London. England, the company con
trolled by the Terkes-Speyer syndicate.
The syndicate has been organized by
Bpeyer & Co., of this city, and the ojd
Trust Company, of Boston. The entire
loan will be $30,000,000. the other 515.000,000
being placed In London. The payments
will bo distributed over a period of 12
months, so arranged as not to disturb tho
money market In any way.
EatarffeeBt &4 te4e.wime.t-t! ot tle- vroo
txtt stead &re cured by Ortfoa Kiiar X,
ANOTHER FINE OFFICE
THE 'Of O RTH-WESTERN ' ' HAS NEW
OFFICE ON' RAILROAD ROW.
The Heavy aad Constantly Iacreas
lag Traflo From This 'Field.
Calls for Larger Quarters.
Portland, as the greatest railroad ter
minal center on tho Pacific Coast is re
ceiving, the recognition of the passenger
departments of all the leading trunk lines
that have any direct connection with the
leading roads that reach tidewater on the
Pacific Coast The railroad offices of
Portland today compare favorably in ap
pearance with the offices of Denver and
San Francisco. Ko better evidence of
Portland's rapidly Increasing Importance
in the railroad world Is found than Is af
forded in the demand the business of the
city is constantly making on the pass en
ger and freight departments of all the
railroads that have interests here, for
larger and better equipped office quarters,
Mr. H. L. Sisler, general agent of the
North-Western Line," has just made the'
announcement to tho friends and patrons
of his road that his new office at 133
Third street will be formally opened for
tho inspection of the public on Monday
next Tho new location on Third street
between Washington and Alder, is in the
center of Railroad Row, and In the heart
t
it
of the best business district of the city,
The Individuality of the popular "North-
Western Line" marks everything put out
by this road, from the handsome menu on
the dining car of tho famous "North
Western Limited," to tho finished appear
ance of their fast trains, made up as these
trains are of the best-finished and best-
appointed cars run over any road In the
United States. The counter, partitions, all
the woodwork, the furniture, and tho dec
oratlve work on the wall3 of the new
offices are all In tho rich "North-West
ern" style. The growth of Portland's
business during tho past two years has
warranted the "North-Western" manage
ment In authorizing heavy expense of
ODenincr tho new Portland office. Tho
company has every confidence in tho fu
ture rapid growth of Portland's rail
traffic
Tho "North-Western" has tho shortest
line between St Paul and Chicago. The
distance between tho two points over this
route is 400 miles. Tho shortest compet
ing line covers a distance between St
Paul and Chicago or 408 miles. Tne
"North-Western Limited" operated over
this route dally Is ono of the finest trains
In the world. Over one-half tho entire
a V
it
distance of this route the line Is double
tracked. Tho entire distance of 400 miles
over this route will be double-tracked in
the immediate future.
The striking headlines that havo mado
the "North-Western" famous aro repro
duced In tho decorations of the new Port
land office. Among tho most noticeable
of these lines Is the well-known "Tho
Short Line. St Paul to Chicago," and
"The Best of Everything."
Mr. H. L. Sisler. the able general agent
of the "North-Western" In Portland, suc
ceeded the late W. H. Mead on July 1
last Mr. C. J. Gray, formerly with the
C. St P.. M. & O, Co. at St Paul, 13
assistant to Mr. Sisler at the local head
quarters.
SUNDAY SCHOOL WEEK.
Workers inr This Field to Hold
Convention Xcxt Weelc
Th Oreiron State Sunday School As
sociation will hold Its annual conven
tlon. beginning Sunday. May 10, and
riosinir "Frldav evcnlnrr. May 15. A line
programme has been prepared and sev
eral very Important meeUngS' In addl
Hnn tn tha convention have been ar
ranged for.
Sunday evening. May 10, a, mass, meet
ing for all lovers of the Sunday school
will be held In the First Presbyterian
Church and addressed by Mr. w. C,
Pearce. of Chicago. 111.
On Tuesday. May 12. an all
day conference of primary. Junior and
Intermediate workers will be held In the
First Baptist Church, led by Mrs. J.
TVoodbrldge Barnes, of Newark, N. J.
Also on Tuesday an all-day ministerial
conference will be held lu the parlors
of the First Presbyterian Church. All
pastors of evangelical churches In Ore
gon are Invited to this conference, and
many havo signified their intention to be
cresent.
Tuesday evening tho Multnomah County
Sunday School Association will tender
a reception to their guests and all dele-
gates to the convention In the parlors
of tho First Presbyterian Church.
On "Wednesday May 13, an all-day
Field Workers' conference will be held
In Grace Methodist Episcopal Church,
and this will Include all state and county
assoclaUon officers. All Sunday school
superintendents are Invited to this con
ference. Mr. Pearce will preside and
be assisted by Mrs. Barnes and Mr.
Charles R. Fisher, of California.
"Wednesday evening the convention
proper will open at the First Christian
Church and conUnue throughout Thurs
day and Friday.
Mr. Pearce comes from Chicago, Is one
of the vice-presidents and also one of
the central committee of the Field "Work
ers' department of the International Sun
day School Association, and has been
leader In Sunday school work In Illinois.
Mrs. J. "Woodbrldge Barnes comes from
Newark, N. J., and Is secretary of the
primary and Junior department of the
International Sunday School Association.
She Is the peer of any worker In this
lino In America.
Mr. Charles R. Fisher comes from
Oakland, Cal., and Is the general secre
tary of the California Sunday School As
sociation. He Is a new man In the Sun
day school work on the Pacific Coast.
Other out-of-town speakers who will
take part In "the convention are President
H. E. McGraw, of Pacific College: PresI
dent J. H. Coleman, of "Willamette Unl
verslty, and Mrs. S. A. Lowell, ' of Pen
dleton, or.
ORGANIZED LABOR.
From Independence' to Dependence,
Happiness to Unhappiness.
PORTLAND. April 30.-To the Editor.)
Such are tho conditions of respectable me
chanics before and after the present la
bor troubles. I say respectable mechan
ics, as they are the only ones deserving
sympathy, and are the only ones that suf
fer under the present condition of the la
bor disputes. The chief aim of most peo
pie Is to accumulate wealth. "We cannot
all be rich, and when wealth la obtained,
what good does It do? Money Is of use
only for the good that can. be obtained by
the spending of It Judiciously, but many
capitalists employ their money In invest
ments for the accumulation of additional
wealth, and In their wills endeavor to con
trol It after death.
I did not start this communication to
abuse the capitalist, for a man can be rich
and yet do seme good in this world, as
many do. If I were rich I might have
the same Inclinations that seem to guide
the average capitalist.
Most good mechanics, before they were
ordered out by the Irresponsible element
In the unions, were receiving. Xalr wages
and were, with their families, Independent
and happy. Are they In that condition
now?
I believe that more real happiness ex
ists In the homes of good mechanics .than.
does In the homes of millionaires.
Did any strike improve the condition of
the mechanic? In fact, his condition has
deteriorated, independent of the great loss
of wages during any strike, causing
his family much suffering. Before the
days of unions the mechanic' had sorae
thing to, look, forward, to ;by being skill
ful and Industrious: but now all ambition
Is burled and his industry and skill do
sc5sSs)sS)3 cossgc5
in
GREAT
Prices that should enthuse
. . n t
Tirana clearance sale or snort iois ana uiscunuuueu mics ui uuys uu yuums
clothing. All the newest and best-Spring goods at REMOVAL SALE PRICES.
DRESS GOODS
38-INCH SCOTCH CHEVIOTS, all-wool, large
assortment of colorings, nobby, serv
iceable goods, sale price to
42-INCH IMPORTED ET AMINE in colors
black and bright navy blue, worth $1 77
yd., sale price . V
44-INCH ALL-WOOL FRENCH BEIGE, as
sorted shades of gray, good values for fifir
$1 yard, sale price VILJ-
SILKS
21-INCH BLACK PEAU DE SOIE SILK, fine
firm quality our regular $1.25 quality, G&r .
sale price .CJiJt-
GUARANTEED TAFFETA, black and colors, 21
inches wide, extra bright finish, cheap J8r
at 85c yd., sale price vfU
WAISTS
WHITE LAWN SHIRTWAISTS, trimmed with
six rows of .embroidery insertion, !
. tuckQd back and front, sale price ... P 1
WHITE OXFORD SHIRTWAISTS, full mercer
ized finish, large pearl buttons, worth CI Off
$180 each, sale price piAvJ
TAFFETA SILK WAISTS, made with fine tucks,
all sizes, colors blue, pink, navy, red CO QC
and black, worth $4.50, sale price.. PC7U
BLACK MERCERIZED SATEEN WAISTS, fine
quality, made with small tucks front and Qfip
back, good values for $1.50, sale price.
PERCALE WAISTS, dark and light colors, made
in latest styles, all desirable patterns, CQp
worth 75c, sale price vJCC
DOMESTICS
Cream Shaker Flannel, sale price . 4c
ldcPercaies, 31 inches wide, sale price... . ,73c
25c all-wool Baby Flannel, sale price ......... 19c
60c full size Bed Sheets, sale price 45c
$1.25 Summer Comforters, sale price 98c
12c Fast Black Sateen, sale price 8ic
8c Cretonnes, dark styles, sale price 6$c
15c Percales, all new styles, sale price 12c
Ladies' Silk Lisle Vests
Ladies' fine Silk Lisle Vests, in
white and all the best colors,
silk lace trimmed, slight imper
fection in the weave; well
worth 50c in the regular
way. Sale price
35c Infants' Rubens 25c
"The Rubens" is the best vest
made for infants, no buttons,
no trouble; regular 35c Values;
in all sizes. Sale 0f
price ArO
50c Ladies Lace Hose 25c
Ladies' fine lace lisle Hose, in
black, tan and brown colors;
50c qualities. To
close, sale price vJv.
20c Ladies' Hose 15c
Ladies' black cotton Hose, seam
less, full finished, with white
foot; regular 20c value. j
Sale price IJC
Fifth and
Yamhill
Streets
Temporary
uiy
not count, as careless, ana sniiuess.
Incompetent workmen "get as much
for labor as he can, ana lew people nave
enough moral courage to do more than
absolutely necessary. And the only ones
that can be benefited, by most strikes, are
tho incompetent and idle workmen, and
most of the benefits recelvea by tnem
simply Increase the earnings of some sa
loon, to the detriment or tneir ramiues.
If they have any. There Is nothing of a
fraternal nature In union organizations;
If there was, they should exist for tnat
nuroose alono and not for the purpose of
Inflicting punishment on their members
and families and ruining business enter-
nr!9 that have been able to be created
by the most prosperous times that havo
existed for years.
Durine our late business depression we
had no strikes, and the mechanic was
obliged to work ror any wages ne couia
obtain, and often could obtain no -work at
any price. If, this strike continues long,
the same depressed condlUon will return
and starvation Tates wlli again be paid.
A great many mechanics aro forced to be
long to a Union, or cannot get work.
Durine the tie-up last Hummer many
first-class mechanics left Portland In or
der to obtain work and rid themselves of
the burdens of tho unions, whose objects
seem to be to pull down Instead of ele
vate., L e, pull down tho skilled mechanic
to the level of an ordinary one ana not
to endeavor to elevatp the latter class to
the grade of tho former class. Such a
condition cannot live long, as skill, in
dustry and amblUon must be recognized,
but It may be after a struggle that win
bemean all classes of labor ana cripple
beyond resumption an industrial enter
prises and cause all' Interested to gravitate
from Independence to dependence and from
happiness to unhapplness.
MODERATION.
Plaater Murdered by Xegrroes.
VTCKSBURG. JIIss, May 2. William
Long, a prominent planter living at Ad
ams Landing, on the (Mississippi River.,
attracted to a burning house on his plan
tation last night, was set upon by negroes
and killed. Posses are scouring the coun
try for three negroes suspected of the
murder. A wholesale lynching Is -prob
able If they are caught.
Actor MacDoweU Was la Jail.
TOLEDO, O., May 2. Actor Melboura
MacDdw.eU and his manager, Francis
Courtney, spent last night in tho county
jail In default of $1500 ball each, on a
charge of fraud, preferred by Thomas
Hart, former manager of MacDoweU. 'Hart
recently brought suit against the two pris
oners to recover several .hundred dollars
-alleged to be due as royalty an Sardon
Forced Extension Big Removal Sale
BARGAIN LIST
every cautious, careful housewife into buying NOW.
1 -. J; J. li-.- t 1 J ...U'
DRESS SKIRTS
BLACK CHEVIOT SKIRTS, alfrwool, lined with fiL
percaline, velvet facing, flared effect, CO OO 1
regular. $4.50 kind for pJJQ X
BLACK CHEVIOT SKIRTS, trimmed with X
straps, of taffeta silk, nicely bound Cf Off f
arid Jined, worth $5.50, sale price J. . Pur'J fO
WALKING SKIRTS,- made of medium weight (S)
Melton cloth in Oxford and blue- CO Tff at
gray, worth $3.50, sale price pAi kJ Lfr
WALKING SKIRTS, made of all-wool cloth, medi- J
um weight, dark, medium and ljght C4 ff A Bfa
gray cqlors,"worth $5.75, sale price. P,JU )
LINENS &
60-inch Bleached Table Damask, all linen, ff f
65c quality for vJ4 fjL
58-inch extra heavy quality German Linen, QCfcr
50c quality for JJ 6
68-inch Bleached Damask, fine grade, fl&f fit
worth $1.00 a yard for r
.60-inch Table Linen, serviceable quality, OOr X
sale price .......
72-inch extra fine grade Bleached Damask, Qp jjfr
sale price ' "
56-inch Turkey Red Damask, fast color, 1Cr 6
25c value for: : J
60-inch Oil Red Damask, satin finish, sale 'AEc
price.. ....... "vJ- W
TOWELS q
Bleached Barber Towels, 50c dozen, or, ff )
each
Bleached Crash Towels, size 18x36 inches,
95c dozen, or, each fifa
Huck Towels, part linen,, size 17x3Hnches, Q,
$1 dozen, or, each .- fy
Huck Towels, mostly linen, size 18x34 Si
inches, $1.25 dozen, or, each I I v.
Huck Towels, mostly linen, size 21x39 ilr Jt
inches, $1.50 dozen, or, each 1
Damask Towels, all-linen, large size, knot- OOf St
ted fringe, each Ml
SHOE DEPT.
$2.50 Radcliff e Oxfords $1 .98
Women's patent leather and XX
vici kid "52.50 Kadchffe Ox
ford Ties,' English welt soles,
medium weight, kid and patent
tips. Special for Monday and
Tuesday's Removal
$2.00 Girls' Shoes $1.60
Girls' heavy, school, kid lace
Shoes, medium weight, heavy
soles, broad coin toes, patent
tips; regular prices $2.00; sizes
11 1-2 to 2. Re- -t ftf
moval price P
Girls', of same quali- flr-fl (
ty, sizes 8 to 1 1 . . . P vlU
$2.00 Boys' Shoes $1.60
Boys' box-calf, lace Shoe, solid
leather soles, made for school
wear, sizes 3 to 5K; regular
$2 values. Removal tf:-f C(
price v
Boys', same quality, C1 Rf
12 to 2. 4) I OH
PORTLAND'S FASTEST-GROWING
uuuu3) uciils rurnisninys ana
dramas, which MacDoweU and Miss Flor
ence Stone have been, playing with the
Empire Theater Stock Company here.
The arrest was made because the plalni
tiff, declared the defendants were about
to leave the city to avoid the suit. Hurtlg
and Seamon, owners of the Empire The
ater, and Miss Stone are made party de
fendants. Horrard ItefBsed Jfew Trial.
FRANKFORT, Ky May 2. The attor
neys for James Howard filed today three
sensational affidavits In support of V their
motion, giving their reasons for asking for
a fourth trial. The affidavits are made by
"W. L. Gradly, A. J. Woftord and H F.
Johnson and charge that, prior to the
trial, they heard both Jurors Renshaw
and Neal say tha they were' convinced
Howard was guilty and, that If summoned
and accepted, as Jurors, they. would vote
to hang Him. The jurors' In - Question,
when examined, for qualification as jurors,
both stated that they had neither formed
nor expressed an opinion. The prosecution
wUl later make answer to the motion. ,
The motion for a new trial was over
ruled. t .
Italian Laborers Enslaved.
WASHINGTON, May 2. Nine Italian
laborers who have' been working In. the
vicinity of Beckley, W. Va., have, com
plained at the Italla'n Embassy here of
cruelty and hardships which they claim?
to have endured in West Virginia. They I
assert that on their arrival in New York
they entered Into negotiations tor work
for C. P. Harmon, contracting agent for
the Chesapeake & Ohio. Railway In West
Virginia, but on arriving at their destlna-.
tlon tfcey were compelled to engage in
dangerous and hazardous labor.
Four of their party, which they say i
tftoxale
IasrcsPare,ShVWkiteSkLi
tBda&astlfuCeBsiexiM, '
earn Xesema aad Tetter. Ab
lolutsly and Peraaaeauj
rexaorea Blackkeadc, J"r6
IcImPIbbIm. Kdce. Sa
pots and Taa. Uied witi
rmaoraI 8c9 ft Pwr ,
Sect ikla ia iarored.
HTujMff ltifmiL. 1 yer boi tie, express pa4&
Keraam-XejiOe gap, ttC eestts, by aaaO.
)Ptrirmitsam& TJiiniaIs sent on. rtfitest.
Ov Bottle FREE to Agwrts,;
Laces
New Applique Lace, in wave,,
medallion and scroll effects all
that is newest and best. Sale
prices, 12 l-2c, 15c, 20c, 25c,
35c, 50c yard.
All-over Lace, 18 inches wide? to
match in cream and white.
Sale prices, $1.00, $1.35 and
$1.50 yard.
Ribbon
Liberty Satin Taffeta, four inches
wide, in all the wanted shades,
white, cream, pink, light blue,
tan and cardinal; regular 25c
and 30c value. Sale 1 (Rp
price, yard lili-
CUSHION CORD, all pure silk, ah
Sale price, yard IlC
EMBROIDERY HANDKERCHIEFS,
with scalloped and lace edges; regu
lar 35c and 40c kind. OKr
Sale price j&DC
HAT DRAPESr-1 yards long, neat
striped and figured designs. r rj
Sale price OUC
NEW TURN-OVER COLLARS, with
embroidery edges; tha latest thing
In neckwear. "lflr
Sale price... IUC
STORE
NEW STORE fiV
Third and f
Morrison 8
Streets
onoes
originally numbered 30, were seriously In-
Jured and the remainder, when they pro
tested, were seized, their hands tied with
cords, and they were forced to work un
"der an armed guard. ..
Others do. Why not you?
Try Opia, the best 5i Havana-filled dlgor.
You run no risk when you come to.
. us. We cure and wait for our fee until
you are convinced beyond, the shadow
of a doubt that you are well cured, to
stay cured.
"Weakness.
Affections of men, commonly de
scribed as "Weakness," according to
our observations, are not such, but
depend upon reflex disturbances, and
are almost Invariably Induced or main
tained by appreciable damage to the
Prostate Gland. As this may not be
perceived by the patient, it is very fre
quently overlooked by the physician.
Ve Also Care Varicocele, Hydro
cele, Stricture, Files, Etc
DISOKDERS. No contracted disorder
is bo trivial as to warrant uncertain.
methods of treatment, and we respect
fully solicit those cases that other doc
tors have been unable to cure.
If you cannot call, write for our col-,
ored chart of the male anatomy, de
tails of our successful Home System,
DR. TALCOTT & CO.
250 ALDEIg STREET.
Saa. Ffaaelice OMee,
' 114 f MARKET STREET.
MEN