THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, APRIL 19, 1903.
he regmxtcm.
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YE8TEnrAV8 WEATHER Maximum tern-t-erature.
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rOHTLA'ND, SIXDAY. AI'HIL 10.
SIEX AJVD MAXIMS.
"My country, right or wrong." was
n faying attributed to a distinguished
American. It Is easy enough to con
detnn thin utterance on purely ethical
ground-, but almost impossible not to
sympathize with it. Indeed, we arc apt
to thin): of the man who doesn't sym
pathize with It that he Is one who never
could have warm blood enough In him,
animating a lifeless soul, to exclaim,
"nils Is my own, my native land!" An
attitude, of undlscrlmlnating partisan
patriotism is no doubt logically and
perhaps morally indefensible. But the
general consensus among ordinary
men will consider It preferable to the
strictly critical position in which sen
timent finds no place, taken up by those
who in their ostentatious impartiality
are fain, apparently, to see their own
country's faults, and to exalt every
other country above their own. That
sentiment, condemn it as one may, nev
ertheless is the sentiment that has
made every country, whose men have
asserted it, great In the history and in
the progress of the world. The man
who doesn't stand up for his own coun
try will never stand up for anything.
Henry Clay was one of the distin
guished politicians of the United States
who yet failed to reach the object of
their highest ambition. He consoled
himself as he could. In the bitterness
of defeat, by telling his friends that it
was "better to be right than to ba
President." It was a pretty high eth
ical maxim; and yet Clay knew well
enough that, whether he was rlgrft or
wrong on the questions of the time was
mainly a matter of opinion; and, as we
now see the outcome. It is more than
yfobable that he was not right, but
wrong that is. that It Is better he was
defeated than that he should have been
elected. Yet no doubt Clay's utterance
Was quite sincere.
Abraham Lincoln's expression, "Gov
ernment of the people, for the people
and by the people" though not wholly
original, yet in this form a perfect
adaptation of a general principle Is a
very compendium of the Ideal of De
mocracy. It Is the positive opposite of
the creed ot Absolutism condensed Into
a sentence by Louis XIV "L'etat, e'est
moL" The -Grand Monarque did really
rule, which is more than can be said
for the next successors of his line, one
of whom saw the catastrophe coming
and repeated the mocking phrase,
"Apres mot, la deluge." And the deluge
It was, soon.
Bismarck's "Blood and iron" ex
pressed Tterseli and truly the objects
of his policy; and his other favorite
Baying, "Beatl possldentes," proclaimed
tils practical commentary on the old
Haying that "Possession is nine points
of law." The present German Em
peror never spoke more characteristic
ally or candidly than in adopting as
Sils own Count Mansfield's motto, "Nev
ertheless" a declaration that in spite
of all obstacles he will have his way.
To Napoleon the saying is attributed
that "God is on the side of the heaviest
battalions." Yet even Napoleon knew
and often declared that the moral as
pects of a war had almost everything
to do with the result. The latter part
of his career verified it. Not much dif
ferent in meaning from the phrase at
tributed to Napoleon was that of Crom
well "Trust in God, my boys, and keep
your powder dry." For, with all his
pious real, Cromwell knew that unless
they "kept their powder dry" their
"trust in God" would disappoint them.
The cynical maxim of Robert Wal
pole, "Every man has his price," was
not In those times so immoral as it
sounds to modern ears. In an era of
etrong passions he chose to favor cor
ruption rather than coercion which
perhaps was the more moral, or less
Immoral, way. Wal'pole preferred, in
fact, to use the Mint rather than the
Tower. The Improved ethics of a more
advanced age enabled Peel, when pub
lic opinion had become; the tribunal be
fore which everything" was tested, to
content himself with the exhortation,
'Reglsterl Register! Register!" The
guldng principle of Stratford was crys
tallized in his emphatic word. "Thor
ough," and the elder Pitt applied to
himself the characteristic attributed to
Brutus, "Qulcquld vult. Id valde vult"
.which exactly describes the masterful
personality of the' Imperious Chatham.
It seems to be a noteworthy fact that
eo many celebrated men have either de
liberately or unconsciously affixed, as it
were, a distinguishing label to their
own characters, or given a definition of
their rule of conduct, by adopting some
favorite phrase which so succinctly em
bodies their Ideals as In their cases to
reduce the essentials of biography
Which is tb main element of history
p a tight appreciation ot these, epi
grammatic epitomes of a creed of life.
One other expression ot Napoleon's,
which was continually in his mouth. Is
a striking epitome of him and at bis
times, "La carriers ouverte aux talens."
This saying embodies what the French
Revolution, following -the movement
and growth of. Democracy in America,
has done for mankind,
TTSIIEC EE-PAST AXD FUTURE,
The negro training school at Tus
kegee. Ala., began its career more than
twenty years ago without a dollar of
capital. Its whole foundation was a
great Idea and the devoted enthusiasm
in its support of one man and one
woman of obscure history and no repu
tation. From this beginning great
things have come, Tuskegee is now
one of the great educational establish
ments of the United States Indeed, of
the. world. It owns large and beautiful
landed property; Its buildings, number
ing more than fifty, are models of their
kind; in the aggregate its property is
worth In money upward of 1500,000, and
on top of this it holdt a considerable
fund In the form of a perpetual endow
ment. In the twenty or more years of Its
existence the Tuskegee school has car
ried upon Its student roll more than
10.000 persons, and of this number half
have taken Its full course and gone out
into the world prepared for the busi
ness of life; and all who have come
within the sphere of Its influence have
gained a valuable training. It has. by
Its example of success and by the
training It has given to teachers, been
the means of establishing many other
schools in the South upon the principle
of fitting the black race for industry
and thrift. It has worked a revolution
In the rhlnd ot the country respecting
the training and the future of the negro
In America. It has won respect both
North and South, and has given to the
American negro race Its most distin
guished and noble personal figure.
And now, on the basts of what it Is,
of what It has done and of what it
plans to do, this really great school ap
peals to the liberality of the country'
for a permanent endowment in such
sum as will assure it a sufficient in
come for the prosecution of Its work,
"unhampered by the uncertainties and
the stress" of having to find the means
ot living. This appeal strikes home to
the heart and conscience of the coun
try. The distinguished Major of New
York presides' at a meeting to inau
gurate the movement to raise an en
dowment fund; an even more distin
guished figure. ex-President Cleveland,
honors the occasion with his presence
and gives It formal and eloquent ap
proval; many others of the larger men
of the country lend their presence to
the same purpose, and pledge them
selves to liberality In relation to the
proposed fund. All this means suc
cess; It means that all the money Pro
fessor "Washington has asked for will
soon be at his command. Tuskegee,
which began In poverty, holding Its
first school term in a chicken loft, and
growing by Its own merit and with the
labors of its own hands for all of its
half hundred fine buildings have been
created by the labors of Its own chil
dren with bricks of their own burning
will henceforth be rich. The days' of
"uncertainty and stress" are practical
ly past; the days of richly endowed and
assured prosperity are at hand.
It will be interesting to see what
comes of this change. "Will assurance
and abundance, high and universal re
spect, a distinguished reputation and a
fixed and more than respectable rank
in the educational world achieve more
or as much as did poverty, obscurity.
a humble spirit and a devoted enthusi
asm? Will endowments and salaries
and the light of the public eye ever
give to Tuskegee two such supreme 'fig
ures as Booker Washington and his
early coadjutor. Ellen Davidson?
Frankly, we think not. It is to ba
feared, on the other hand, that the day
which marks the end of "uncertainty
and stress" for Tuskegee will mark
the beginning of conditions tending
rather to Its hurt than to its propt.
The loftiness of purpose, the spirit of
personal self-sacrifice, the splendid arid
all-conquerlng enthusiasm, the hardi
hood and the moral prop of necessity
these liallowlng Influences which pre
sided over the earlier destinies of the
school must be lost to It when they no
longer And in it a purpose to serve
Tuskegee will continue to exist, and it
will undoubtedly do good work for the
colored race for long years to come,
but Its day of highest distinction and
of its greater power will cease when
its treasure-box shall be stuffed with
title deeds.
This Is the history of every great
undertaking of similar spirit The
Young Men's Christian Association,
founded In the spirit which seeks and
rejoices In religion's roughest work, has
become prosperous, and In its prosper
ity has lost its original character: it
no longer searches out the firebrand to
save It from the burning; it has aban-'
doned the unpleasant work of saving
the lost and salting the wounded for
the pleasanter labors of prevention.
Its. main function now is to maintain a
clubhouse in every considerable town
of the country a good work, to be sure,
but not the original work. As the Y.
M. C A. gradually drew out from the
rough work of solvation abandoned
the street and retired to the social hall
the Solvation Army rose to take its
place. It holds the field today, but
with signs of advancing refinement.
Its commander no longer lives In plain
quarters and gives his alt to the poor.
He has grown vastly rich, and his or
ganization has its busy and calculating
business side. Its "headquarters"
grow more pretentious and ore moved
Into better and more prosperous neigh
borhoods. General Booth rides across
the continent in private cars, and his
home Is with the wealthy and the
mighty wherever Ire happens to be. By
all the signs, the Salvation Army Is
rapidly moving forward to the condi
tion of prosperity and refinement when
it will no longer be fitted for the rough
work of the slum. The day will soon
be here when it must take up nicer
labors and when some new organiza
tion of zeal and hardihood will find
open and waiting the field of religion's
rough work.
Citizens of Oregon, stirred by the in
terests of the Lewis and Clark cen
tenary and by recent historical Inquiry,
have literally searched the world for
books related to early Oregon history.
And the search has been wonderfully
prolific of results. No man could have
dreamed ot the amount ot printed his
torical matter which this effort has un
covered. Almost dally some "And" of
real value Is reported, and In the aggre
gate the body of interesting and valu
able materials 4s very great. The sev
eral private collections which have thus
been made ought to be brought and
held together. In collected and com
bined form they would have ten
told value and significance as com
pared to their scattered and unavail
able condition. It Is asking a good deal
of those whose Industry and liberality
have made these collections to turn
them over to the public, nevertheless
In one form or another the thing ought
to" be done, for If It shall not be done,
much" which is extremely valuable and
which could never be duplicated will in
evitably be lost. It Is, Indeed, asking
a good deal that treasures of this kind
be turned, so to speak, into a common
fund, but a good deal may be expected
from the liberality and enthusiasm of
those who have given their time, en
ergies and means to the study of our
early history.
A MAX OF SPIRITUALITY.
A very notable book Is the new "Life
of Charming." the eloquent apostle of
Unltarianlsra. by on able Unitarian
minister, the Rev. John W. Chadwlck.
When Dr. Channlng died hi 1SU he left
behind a large fame In, bot'j Europe and
America, not only as an eloquent pulpit
orator, but as a master of fine literary
expression and an able and inspiring
thinker on social ethics. Unlike most
biographers. Mr. Chadwick is not a
mere panegyrist: he admires Dr. Chai
ning and loves his blessed memory for
what he really was, and not for what
his doting friends thought -him to be.
The schism in the Cpngregatlonal,
churches of New England, which Is.
commonly said to have begun about
1S15, was the natural reaction from the
terrible sermons of Jonathan Edwards.
Jonathan Mayhew republished English
Unitarian books andwas the first cler
gyman In New England who openly
and expressly opposed -the scholastic
doctrine of the Trinity. As early as
1780 there was but one. Calvlnlst preach
er InTJoston. John Adams Has record
ed that In 1750- he- could count many
Unitarian ministers,' besides his own,
together with lawyers, physicians,
tradesmen "and farmers, who were lib
erals 1n theology.
Mr. Chadwick shows that from the
beginning of the" eighteenth century,
and even from an earlier date, there
were signs of a partition of Congrega
tionalism. After 1S0O the schism be
came more pronounced. In 1S05 Henry
Ware was made professor of theologx
In Harvard College; the. college by this
act became. Unitarian,- and a reaction
set in out of which came the estab
lishment of the Andover Theological
Seminary. The acute stage of this Uni
tarian controversy was reached In 1815,
when Channing- preached a sermon in
which he contended that "the honor of
religion would never suffer by admit
ting to Christian, fellowship men of Ir
reproachable charity, whatever might
be their theological creed." In 1815 the
Unitarian churches numbered 142;
twenty years later they numbered 280;
there are now about 370 Unitarian
churches in the United States, although
they are by nor means agreed as to
creed. Channing in his ,early ministry
preached a mystical view of Jesus, and
even In his maturity, while rejecting
the doctrine of theTrlnlty. affirmed the
supernatural divinity of Jesus. As a
theologian Mr. Chadwick does not hold
him high. Nevertheless, his humane
pulpit utterances educated both Emer
son and Theodore Parker for the suc
cession to the utterance of liberal
thought In New England. Emerson
was ot far more subtle and penetrating
Intellect than Channing; he. was a man
of fine poetic Insight and rare gift ot
literary expression.
Parker had far greater scholarship
than Channing, and had a more power
ful and robust -intellect; for, while
Chann!ng"s beautiful, pathetic voice,
which Daniel Webster compared to a
harp, made him easily the most "draw
ing" preacher of his day. Parker drew
larger audiences and kept them without
any of the gifts of an orator. He
held his hearers by the power of
his matter. Mr. Chadwick does not
rate very highly the distinctively liter
ary output ot Channing. His once fa
mous essay on Milton, which his ad
mirers thought superior to that of
Macaulay, considered as literature, can
not endure comparison with Macaulay's
work for a moment, and Mr. Chadwick
thinks Channing is without excuse for
rendering less than Justice to the Intel
lectual and civic genius of Napoleon.
William Hozlltt, himself the son of a
Unitarian minister, wrote" In the Edin
burgh Review that "the climax of
Channlng's praise of Milton was that
he was another Channing In his main
Intent; the climax of his dispraise of
Napoleon was that he was not a man ot
the Channing kind."
Compared with the great English Uni
tarian, Martlneau, Channing Is . com
pletely surpassed Jn both Intellectual
ability, scholastic acquirements and
power of literary expression. He was
"the one-eyed monarch of the blind"
In his day in Boston, and In Europe his
readers were persons who did not read
him as theologian or a literary artist,
but were impressed by the humanity f
his views on social ethics. As early as
18S7 Channlng-dellverM an address In
favor of the temperance movement and
felicitously described "the great essen
tial evil of Intemperance to be the" vol
untary extinction of reason, that divine
principle " which distinguishes be
tween truth and falsehood, between
right and wrong, which distinguishes
man from the brute." In his closing
days Channlng's hopes for the improve
ment of society centered more in the
poorer than in the richer classes. Mr.
Chadwick. It Is clear, does not think
Channing to be other than a shrunken
shape from the estimate of sixty years
ago; he considers his remarkable elo
quence as a pulpit orator due largely to
the wonderful melody and beauty of his
voice and -to the angelic expression of
his exceedingly Spiritual face, but he
does not think that Channing was an
able theologian or a strong thinker on
any subject measured by any high
standard of his century; he does not
think Channing was a superior literary
workman. Nevertheless, Mr. Chadwick
thinks that Channing Is Justly entitled
to pre-eminence in his own genera
tion, but less on intellectual than on
moral and spiritual grounds.
Channing weighed about 90 pounds;
he was a martyr to dyspepsia, produced
by ascetic life and diet In youth; he was
so frail In body and so ethereal In his
whole nature that he has been com
pared to a balloon, alwstvs tugging at
its rope In a ceaseless effort to sail off
to the sky. His purity of life and
thought was not a conquest; it was as
Instinctive as the spirit ot modesty and
chastity is to a fine woman. He was
of the sort that In every century have
been religious mystics, devout recluses
and dreamers. Mr. Chadwick thinks
that It his natural health had not been
spoiled in his young manhood Chan
ning would, have been a not less beau
tiful but more effectual angel, bear
ing upon his luminous wings a
fuller message to mankind. The
final conclusion Is that Channing
was a very rare man. who "was In love
with goodness, enamored ot perfection.
He was a man ot the beatitudes, many
ot which found abundant Illustration In
the habits ot his life. The blessing of
the peacemakers was upon him. the
blessing of the pure In heart. But his
peculiar blessing was that of those who
hunger and thirst after righteousness.
If Channing did not do this, no man
ever did."
It Is clear that Channing was a man
of the "moral quality, the surpassing
devoutness of spirit, that we find in all
saintly men, whether they are enrolled
In the Protestant .calendar or the Cath
olic' book of salilts. Fenelon. whose
character Chanrrlng loved. Cardinal
Newman, Phillips Brooks, were all men
of the Channing quality. They were
all passionately In love with righteous
ness and anxious to uplift the lowest
man to the highest possible level of
upright existence, and but for the er
rors of his early youth the name of the
poet Shelley might be added to this roll
of men of angelic nature.
AX OLD HOUSE AXD ITS REQUIEM.
"The old Essex House, In La Fayette,
was burned to the ground Thursday
night." Thus read, a few days ago, a
dispatch from the former county seat
of Yamhill County, which closed briefly
the record ot a hotel of the pioneer era
in a town more prominent in the life
of Oregon Territory than was Portland
at the tune when this hotel was built.
It was In the Spring ot 1850 when
Amos Cook, a sturdy son of the old.
Pine Tree State, who had made his way
across the continent from the Penob
scot to the Columbia, and thence into
the interior of the beautiful wilderness
to the Yamhill country. In 1840, built
the old hotel. Though a modest struc
ture of twelve or fourteen small
rooms, it was a commodious build
ing for the time, and its con
struction cost the practical Yankee
many thousands of dollars and Involved
him In lawsuits that dragged through
the territorial courts for ten years. As
a financial venture it was a fail
ure, but as an exhibition of en
terprise at a time when wallpaper
and paint, window-glass, and noils
and. Indeed, all building materials ex
cept lumber and shingles made the
slow Journey lit sailing vessels around
the Horn, it was and is notable. There
were no labor unions at that time to
dictate hours and wages to builders,
but such carpenters as there were In
the country charged $5 per day for the
otherwise cheap class of labor that they
performed; paperhangers and painters
Who" had picked up what knowledge
they possessed of the crafts that they
represented charged a like dalfy wage;
the brlckmoson who constructed the
two square chimneys, one at each end
of the building, and In each a wide fire
place on the lower and upper floors,
considered himself an artist rather than
a laborer In that he could build a
chimney with a double flreplnce that
would "draw" and not "smoke." He
charged for his services accordingly,
and 815 per day was his wage rate.
Given these conditions - of labor and
prices of material, with a "boss" who,
as the disgusted proprietor of the build
ing was wont to declare, was "a master
hand at nursing a Job," and It is easy
to account for the enormous cost of the
modest structure and the litigation that
followed the alleged breach of contract
In construction.
But the, ..hotel was built, and in due
time opened for patronage. And It got
It. All roads led to La Fayette In those
days, and the travel upon them was
only limited by the population ot the
country round about for a radius of
many miles. General Joseph' Lane and
Hon. Alonzo A. Skinner, opposing can
didates for Delegate to Congress, who
made a hot .canvass of the territory In
1S5J, took dinner together in its low
celled dining-room upon a day when all
Yamhill was astir and most of It shout
ing for the "Marion of the Mexican
War." T. J. Dryer, founder of The
Oregonlan. used to "put up" there and
Edward D. Baker, the matchless
orator, was sheltered .under Its roof.
The quarterly "court week" found
Its table crowded with lawyers
who were opposing counsel In cases on
trial in the Courthouse, but the best ot
friends outside of It. David Logan and
William Strong, Matthew P. Deady,
George II. Williams, Reuben P. Boise
and others who became noted members
of the Oregon bench and bar met In the
"south room" In friendly association.
Pioneer ministers dogmatic, as became
the earnest Christians of that day laid
down the law to unbelievers In vigorous
language and with many an emphatic
gesture in the same old room. Joseph
Cornwall and Nelll Johnson, J. H. D.
Henderson and T. H. Small. William
Roberts and Gustavus HInes, Nehe
miah Doane, John Flynn, J, W. Miller,
J. L. Porrlsh and Thomas Pearne vis
ited and revisited the old hotel in the"
days when it was young. In pursuit of
their strenuourf calling. If. according
to a weird theory, an old house is a
phonograph in which the voices of post
occupants and chance guests are stored.
It is easy to Imagine that, mingled with
the crackle of the flames when the
house went up, was a myriad of long
silent voices, resonant with the record
of past struggles and triumphs
tongues that would have been Intelli
gible had any one been In at the death
who could have recognized their once
familiar but now forgotten tones.
And the family life that for more
than fifty years went on within .those
old walls! Did the solemn words of
marriage Trows, the- happy laugh of
childhood, the wall of the new-bom
babe, the bitter lamentation of grief,
the pleasant domestic chatter around
the broad hearth of the north room.
Join their voices with the legal, polit
ical and religious notes of a bygone era.
as the riotous flames performed their
ghoulish work? And Is the ghost of the
old house a sentient thing, still hovering-
over the place, serene In the tri
umphs of a useful life and forgetful of
Its disappointments?
These are questions of fancy which,
projected into the sober realm, of fact,
find therein no lodgment. But It Is at
least harmless to call them up a
requiem of at least imaginary tuneful
ness to a vanished landmark of a day
and date around which memory may
Vet linger for a few brief years before
it gives place fo the traditions of folk
lore In the smaller, and the facts of his
tory in the larger, events of a bygone
era.
The origin of the "John Brown" song,
as given in The Sunday Oregonlan of
last week, recalls the fact that a dozen
years or more ago the Century Maga
zine, In a carefully written article con
cerning this song, stated that the air
was written in 1858 by William Steffe,
ot Philadelphia, tor a fire company ot
Charleston, S. a: that it soon became
a favorite camp-meeting air; that a
quartet o'f men stationed at Fort War
ren put the original doggerel song to
gether, and that thesa men. with many
others of the some body of recruits.
Joined the Twelfth Massachusetts Regi
ment and sang the song as they
marched down Broadway. New York,
July 24. 1881- The words of the origi
nal song were bare to -the verge of bar
renness, but were gradually filled out
with a deeper meaning than that of the
original song. When first sung It was
not an anti-slavery song. The Colonel
of the regiment, Fletcher Webster, was
never an anti-slavery man, and there
was little or no anti-slavjery feeling
shown in any regiment in the Summer
of 1881. The "John Brown" referred to
in the song originally sung at Fort
Warren was not the martyr of Harper's
Ferry, but another John Brown of
local celebrity, who was, "guyed" In
this military doggerel. The song, as
originally sung by the Twelfth Massa
chusetts, did not contain the lines.
"John Brown's body lies a-rnoulderlng
in the grave, but his soul li marching
on," for that would have made It In
stinct with a higher sentiment than its"
first form. The song probably grew in
dignity and quality as the war went on,
and it passed from regiment to, regi
ment. The Century's conclusion was
that the song, as finally sung at the
end of the war, never was born, but
like Topsy it "growed." It began an
absurd doggerel, and finally rose to the
dignity of a martial hymn.' The Army
version Included such lines as "We'll
hang Jeff Davis on a sour-apple tree."
The version of Charles S. Hale and the
splendid lines of Julia Ward Howe
never had any currency Jn the Army.
The Army sang the old, rude version,
"John Brown's knapsack Is strapped
upon his back."
Governor Chamberlain has been for
tunate In the appointment of the board
to disburse the state appropriation for
the Florence Crlttenton Home In this
city, the persons named for this duty
having had much experience in philan
thropic work. It Is necessary. In order
to disburse funds properly for an insti
tution of this kind, to be practical rath
er than sentimental. Pity for the un
fortunate Is commendable when It does
not extend to unnecessary and unwise
coddling, as it not infrequently does
when the matron of such an institution
is also the dlsburser of its funds. It is
not well for her future when the mother
of an illegitimate babe Is made the
heroine of a story and relieved from
the care of her child. That this is the
tendency of too much ot the effort ex
pended in the management and main
tenance of institutions of the type ot
the Crlttenton Home is well known.
The appointment of this board insures
the exercise of good Judgment in the
disbursement of the public money ap
propriated for Its use, and Its super
vision cannot fall to be of practical
benefit.
The monograph lately Issued by the
Treasury Bureau of Statistics, dealing
with the exports of manufactures from
the United States since 1790, Is of more
than passing interest. It shows nearly
a constant growth in the total and pro
portion of manufactured articles until
lately, when the Increase of the latter
has been accelerated. In plain words,
the United States In 1790 was a pastoral
country. It has now become an Indus
trial country. That Is to say. It con
sumes a greater proportion of Its own
agricultural products, and exports to
other countries more products of manu
facture. This process seems likely to
continue until the country consumes
nearly all of the food that It produces,
which means a continuously Increasing
strain of competition with other coun
tries. The pastoral life Is the most
peaceful, and withal the most conducive
to contentment, study and reflection.
The industrial life is the most con
ducive to energy, wealth and nervous
prostration.
Some of the spice has been taken out
of Intercollegiate debates In this state
In the charges of plagiarism which have
with much show of reason been
lodged against certain successful can
didates In these oratorical encounters
In recent years. While there is some
excuse for these lucky, and still luck
less, debaters In the recognized diffi
culty of saying something new on
standard topics of literature, it is hard
for a man to purge his college record
of the stigma that attaches to literary
theft. The lesson has probably been a
salutary one. and the public may ex
pect the orations In the contest between
Willamette and Pacific Universities,
which Is to take place May 22, to be
purely original. To this end It may be
hoped that the contestants are at work
upon subjects upon which they have
some Ideas of their own crude, per
chance, but which they wlli be able to
present forcibly and with a conscien
tiousness of personal ownership.
Stanford University Is wrestling, as
Cornell wrestled for -many weeks dur
ing the past Winter, with an epidemic
of typhoid fever. The germs of the dis
ease have been traced to the milk sup
piled by one of the Palo Alto dairies.
This means a carelessness in health
supervision that Is practically Inexcus
able. An unwholesome dairy "is so eas
ily detected and the necessity for dalryi
supervision in connection with an In
stitution in which many hundred stu
dents congregate Is so apparent that
an epidemic In such a place caused by
an Impure milk supply is at once as
tounding and unpardonable.
Photographs of Yellowstone Park In
Winter, employed to Illustrate President
Roosevelt's outing and published on
page 33 of today's- Issue of The Orego
nlan, were obtained through the cour
tesy of the passenger department of the
Northern Pacific Railroad. It Is worth
while to compare these Winter scenes
with the Summer views in the park so
admirably presented in "Wonderland,
1903," the most elaborate and attractive
feature of this year's railroad literature.
The misfortune that overtook Sham
rock IH is much regretted by the true
sportsmen of America. Fortunately,
the owner Is possessed of sufficient
'means to enable him to repair dam
ages, which he assures the public will
be done In time for the Fall contest for
the America's cup.
The Confederacy Xe-rer Die.
Taeoma News.
General Georz F. Alford. ot Dallas. Tel..
still wears a Confederate uniform. He has
Sever taken It off since he pdt it on la the
early 00s. He I much observed on the street.
General Alford has been a Judce". banker,
Lecialator and i-Caturresamaa. Portland Oreco-
Poor fellow! What a luxury it would
be to him to shed that old grayult, long
enough at least to take a bath or a night's
sleep In a suit ot clean pajamas or an old
fashioned night gown! But what staring
qualities that old suit must possess!
THE SPIRIT OF THE TIMES
Goldwin Smith.
No one whose Ufa has not been devoted
tn the study can pretehd to have read1
everything that has been written on
either side about the. authorship, dates
and historical character of the Gospels.
But I have read enough an both sides to
convince me. that the authorship and
dates ore doubtful: that the Gospels con
tain much unhlstorlc matter; and that
they are often and seriously at variance
with each other. The variations ore espe
cially marked and Irreconcilable In the
narratives of the Resurrection. 'Moreover,
these narratives ore connected with such
prodigies as the miraculous darkness, the
rending of the veil of the Temple, and the
apparitions of the dead in the streets of
Jerusalem, which could not have occurred
without making a tremendous impression
or without leaving their trace in history.
It may be true that we cannot set limits
to the action of Providence. But we are
surely Justified In assuming that Provi
dence would not. In comraunlcatlDg vital
truths tc men, contravene Its own purpose
by simulating the defects of human evi
dence. Besides, we havo to meet the general
objection to the whole .supernatural sys
tem of which the Resurrection is an in
tegral part. Science has Indisputably
proved that Instead of being created per
fect and falling from perfection, man rose
by evolution from a lower organization to
a higher, and If there was no fall, how
eon there be room for the belief in the
Incarnation and the Redemption? The
sublimities of the Mosaic story of Crea
tion, in spite of some strongly anthropo
morphic passages, have wonderfully pro
longed Its hold. But Its mythical char
acter can no longer be denied by any one
whose mind is open to scientific truth. In
fact, of the orthodox clergy, not a few
are ready to embrace the expedient of
allegorical Interpretation, which, it is
needless to say, amounts to surrender of
the case.
This Is said m no spirit of general
scepticism or destructiveness. but very
much the reverse. It surely is worse than
vain to cling to dead beliefs. Our only
hope of salvation lies In the full' and
hearty, though reverent and discriminat
ing, acceptance of that which is now re
vealed truth. In trying to save the creeds
we may make Jettison of spiritual life.
You say truly that the revision of anti
quated creeds, such as the Westminster
Confession, is a desperate undertaking.
Those who attempt it are trying to revise
the 16th century. ' The repugnance to our
present knowledge and sentiment lies, not
In a few salient sentences such as those
tn the Westminster Confession regarding
predestination, but In the entire docu
ment. Surely the wiser course would be
to let the old creeds remain as they are,
for whatever they may be stilt worth; but
to cease to Impose them, or any human
manifesto, as ordination tests: Let the
engagement at ordination be one simply
binding the minister to preach what In
his conscience he believes to be the truth.
An enlightened laity asks for no better
credentials on the part of its teacher.
You have spoken of the remarkable
spread of ritualism, even In churches
which are not sacerdotal and do not pre
tend to apostolical succession. Ritualism
has had two epochs and two phases. In
England, when the advance of liberalism
after the passing of the Reform act
threatened to withdraw from the clergy
the support of the state, they looked
about for another support, and thought
that they found it In a revival of the doc
trines of apostolical succession and the
Real Presence. This is very distinctly
avowed by Newman in the opening of
the Tracts for the Times. That move
ment, however, was ecclesiastical and
theological; the aesthetic element, though
distinctly present, was not predominant:
on Newman himself and his companions
of the Oratory it had comparatively little
hold. The present movement, which per
vades not only the Anglican and medlae
vallzlng Church, but the Churches gener
ally, owes Its existence, not to theological
speculation or to ecclesiastical policy, but
to the growth of a vacuum in the region
of religious belief, which music, art. flow
ers and pageantry are required to. fill.
That the beliefs and the religious system
of the Middle Ages can be restored Is an
Idea with which Ritualists, those of the
Anglican Church at least, may play, for
a time, but it can hardly be seriously en
tertained. It Is too likely that when the
aesthetic enchantment has lost Its power,
blank materialism will be the end.
The Southern Continent.
Minneapolis Tribune.
Readers of Poe are comparing the late
achievements ot Captain Scott'a Discov
ery in Antarctic exploration with the
fanciful "Narrative of A. Gordon Pym."
There is a curious1 coincidence of latitude
and natural contradiction of conditions
between the real and fictitious narrations.
The first report from the Discovery did
not get the attention it merited, on ac
count of an error in the latitude reported
in the coble from the Falkland Islands.
The ship reached E2.17 instead of 80.17 first
reported, which was nothing very remark
able. The real achievement marks an
epoch in the history of southern explora
tion. The Discovery not only made a
new record of high latitude; but It was
the first expedition really to pass the bar
rier of shore Ice and penltrate the great
Southern continent.
This continent Is fast coming out ot
the tealm of theory Into that of fact. Poe's
narrative followed the analogy of north
pole theories of a warm, open polar sea.
His hero found open water beyond his
fabulous Bennet'a Islet at 82.50. not far
from Captain Scott's farthest, with rising
temperature as he went south, and all
kinds ot mysterious living monsters and
strange phenomena. The Discovery found
only a rocky continent, .covered with
never-melting Ice under a temperature of
80 degrees below zero apparently rising
and stretching to the pole Itself.
This confirms the theories of the geog
raphers, that the south pole is all frozen
land, and the more fanciful notion of the
French abbe, that it risen into the apex
of the four-sided pyramid into which he
supposes that the earth Is shrinking as
It cools, leaving the north pole, with Its
open sea, as the flattened base opposite.
However that may be, there Is little dis
sent from the belief that the Southern
continent Is without water, vegetation or
any means of sustaining animal life. This
deprives exploration of It or the Interest
that attaches to Northern discovery. Tire
south pole attracts only geographers, and
geography Is notoriously a dry study.
Nevertheless the detailed narrative of the
Discovery will be awaited with the curi
ous Interest the unknown always inspires.
South Antert,ea Is at Trouble; Maker.
Leslie's Weekly.
It Is practically certain that for many
years both the Central and the South
American Republics will continue to be
hotbeds of political intrigue, sedition and
rebellion, repudlators of debts and stir-rers-up
of strife, within their own bor
ders and without; and 'we shall be ex
tremely lucky if we are not Involved in
some of theie squabbles of our Latin
American neighbors In a more serious
fashion than we have been. Thanks to
the tact and good sense of President
Rooeevelt and Secretary Hay. we did not
walk into the "parlor" which certain
spiders prepared for us recently, but we
shall, doubtless, have other Invitations.
NOTE AND C0H3IE.VT.
To Jaek r i j.."
Tv,. , " . uiscouragea.
Think of sir Thomas.
Jnfrtav,"Jet 11 known "'" Brown
"Ptoa Hard Luck Company, Limited,
J3'1' J1""'"" probably experienced the,
same feeluur h . .v. .
-"' iyj bug WjT WOO
stood on the burning deck.
Yachting experta have this to say of
Shamrock III? -n . Dt
S fe e V smraenecK is aoout
'"' . 13 18 Incn from the miz
zen truck." Thanv.i v-
. . , - uu ua wist
,. .s .aVeJ?Clpe5- th bookmakers can
vuas in saiely.
Mary NoaiUes Murtee. better known by
her pen name nf . - .
1' ' a 5"3t sranaaaughter ot Colonel
Hardy Murfee. the Revolutionary hero, of
whom she tells this story: "He was be
ing shaved, and the barber, whose hand
"ui;aajr i rem annk. cut him four or'
five times. Regarding gravely in the mir
ror his countenance bleeding from all
these cuts, the Colonel nM-
now perceive. I trust, the erril effects of
intemperance." Intemperance does maks
the skin rather tender, sir.' was the reply
On one occasion Mrs. Patrick Campbell
Was DlaVlne in '"The Triimnt fall" a
London theater. In tha middle ot a stren
uous scenp the audience was horrified to
see) that the skirt of her dn 'm.
undone." It slipped until it had almost
rcacnra ner xnees Defore Mrs. Campbell
noticed It. Then she crofcheri inrl Til .1 1 txA
back the garment, at the same time falr-
iy Hypnotizing the spectators with her
blazing black eyes. The act was conclud
ed somewhat hurriedly, and the orchestra
was Instructed to play fortissimo In
order to drown the remarks Mrs. Camp
bell was addressing to her maid.
The refined and ralsed-as-a-pet gentle
man from the effete East took his seat at
the table of a Western hotel one pleasant
morning and gazed pensively out of the
window until some one approached.
"Have you any breakfast food?" he in
quired in simple cereal accents. "Well,
I guess yes." responded Roaring Pete, the
cowboy waiter. "We got ham and eggs,
fried sausage, chuck Bteak. spare ribs,
mutton chops, corned beef hash, hog and
hominy, light bread, heavy bread, toast
bread, apple butter, peach butter, cow
butter, coffee, tea, buttermilk and beer.
Breakfast food? Well, that's our winner.
Name your grub."
In England there. Is a vogue for the
names of Muriel and Sybil. British moth
ers of all classes are choosing those
names for their girl babies. The pref
erence is explained probably by the fact
that the names are borne by many young
women prominent in society. Miss Muriel
Wilson is one of the most beautiful girls
In England, and scarcely less prominent
is Miss Muriel White, daughter of Henry
White. Sybil always has been a favorite
name of the British aristocracy. Lord
Rosebery's daughter bears It. She was
Sybil. Lady Primrose, before her mar
riage to Lieutenant Grant, a fortnight
ago. She has the privilege of retaining
her title and will be known as Lady Sybil
Grant. Another Lady Sybil is Mrs. W.
Bayard Cutting, Jr., formerly Lady Sybil
Cuffe. When she was wedded to the
young American she' emphasized her
democracy of spirit by renouncing her
title forever. It Is a curious fact that
these names seldom are bestowed in
America. Gladys and Helen seem to pre
vail here. Alice has had vogue since Miss
Alice Roosevelt came into the public
view.
A Tragedy In Bits.
Bis doe
Tin can
Frenzied dash.
Fat lad?
Fruit lata
Awful crash.
The Sods of tbe JInehlne.
I've sot a brand-new typewriter
And jou oughB tO see me right?
I only goT It yesterDAY.
But i can work itt out of sights.
OF courSEE I MAKe a Few mistakes
As anr one WILL DO.
whEN I DS that I RUB .Em OuT"
AND STarT THE WoVk Anew.
ITS WIQh this exp(anatlon .
That I write thle Simile Rhyme..
JusT to show hox well t prtnT
In suCh a little time". '
JTeffro Vote In North.
Philadelphia Record.
Pennsylvania has a larger number of
persons of negro descent in Its population
than any other of the Northern States.
The census reports give the following
figures for states where the whole num
ber of colored persons exceeds 50,00):
Whole Males
number, over 2L
Pennsylvania 153,846 51,66!!
New York 99,233 3L42S
Ohio 96,901 21.213
HUnoI i... 85,073 29.762
New Jersey 69,844 21.474
Indiana 52.003 14.606
Kansas 52.003 14.695
These figures show that in every stats
named the negroes practically hold tha
balance of power. As in the Southern
States the fear ot negro domination keeps
them Democratic so In the Northern
States the solid black vote serves to main
tain a Republican supremacy. When tbe
negro shall become so intellectually ad
vanced as to Interest himself In politics
so far as to understand the effect ot his
vote In determining the legislation and
policies of the Government he will be a
more useful and less dangerous citizen
He will no longer "flock by himself."
Boasters and Blusterers.
Baltimore Sun.
"Boasting and blustering," said Presi
dent Roosevelt in one of bis speeches in
the West last week, "are as objectiona
ble among nations as among Individuals,
and the public men of a great nation
owe it to their sense' of national self
respect to speak courteously of foreign
powers. Just as a brave and self-respecting
man treats all around him cour
teously." That is an excellent sentiment.
For many years it has been the habit
of some of our .statesmen to boast pub
licly that Uncle Sam "can lick anything
In creation." Such bumptiousness is im
politic and in bad taste. A nation which
Is eagerly seeking trade in all parts of
the world will not gain trade by adopt
ing an attitude of "bounce and bluster."
In some quarters It Is Intimated . that
President's Roosevelt's observation was
Intended as an Informal rebuke of a dis
tinguished naval officer. The cap fits
the heads of "many men who are not in
the navy. There are Jingoes In Congress
who were blustering long before army
and navy officers began to speak their
minds too freely.
Here's Xevr Word "Oyaterlav."
New York Tribune.
A new word, and one of the best we
have seen. Is offered to the' public by the
English press, "oysteria": and with its
suggestion ot hysteria it connotes the fear
of typhoid from shellfish. The Engllsn
oysters come mostly from the mouth of
the Thames, and Londoners are In' the
midst of one of their frequent typhoid
scares, and there Is a complete collapse
of tbe oyster trade. One Billingsgate- mer
chant was at the pains to secure a medi
cal certificate for bis oysters, setting forth
that his. beds were inaccessible to sew
age. .