D A nT7Q f7Tn ?A I
PART THREE
i. J. iVJijU J. X W, 1
r
t
4
I
VOL. XXI.
PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 28, 1902.
NO' 52.
V
HOW TO FfX RATES
ConfiictingViewsatEconomic
Convention.
COMMERCE COURT PROPOSED
Commerce Commissioner Prouty Says
More Power Is Needed Vice-President
Hlnes Says All Existing
Power Is "Soi Used -Yet.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 27. The second
session of the 15th annual, meeting of
the American Economic Association, held
at the University of Pennsylvania to
day, was devoted to a discussion of the
topic, "Public Regulation of Railroads."
The particular speakers were Charles A.
Prouty, Interstate Commerce Commis
sioner, whose paper was on "National
Regulation," and "Walker D. Hines, vice
president of the Louisville & Nashville
Railroad, who spoke on "Legislative Reg
ulation of Railroad Rates."
Mr. Prouty's address was as follows:
"Five years ago the crying need in
railroad operations was discrimination,
mainly discrimination between individu
als. Today this is not true. The vast
consolidations of the last few years, tne
use of the injunction to prevent depart
ures from the published rates, the lesson
which railroad operators themselves have
learned that competition in rates is al
ways suicide, since it does not increase
business and does reduce revenues, have
largely eliminated such competition. Such
discrimination appears, but in its place
comes the danger attending every mo
nopoly, extortion in the charge Imposed.
As these combinations nave proceeaea,
the nubile has been repeatediy assured
that there was no danger of any advance
in freight rates. Rates have been ad
vanced, and are still advancing.
"The Interstate Commerce Commission
has recently concluded an Investigation
Into a general advance of rates on hay
and decided that such advance was un
justifiable. No attention has been or will
be paid to that decision, slnce there Is, no
way in wnicn it can De eniorceu, out .me
testimony In that case shows that this
advance in rates costs the consumer and
producer of hay in the territory to which
it applies from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000 annu
ally. There are now pending before the
commission for investigation complaints
which, demand reductions probably
amounting In the aggregate to $15,000,000
"annually, equivalent upon a 4-per-cent
basis to almost $400,000,000 in capitaliza
tion. The railroad is the greatest and
the most dangerous of all monopolies. If
the anthracite coal combine advances the
price of that commodity to the consumer
$1 per ton, it levies upon the poverty of
this country, which uses that coal, a tax
of $50,000,000 annually in favor of the
wealth which engineered and profits by
that combine.
"How shall the public be protected
against this kind of extortion? Publicity
In the completest form has JjeJm tried in
vain. To vthis tha Sherman anti-trust law
has been applied, in its strongest form in
rain. It has been suggested that 'the in
jured party might sue in court and re
cover the unreasonable charge from the
railway, but the coal dealer, who pays
the freight, will not sue, for he recoups
himself by increasing the price to his
customer, and it would be no remedy to
permit that consumer to bring suit and
recover from $1 to $10. Manifestly no
right to get back any portion of an
unjust rate already paid can be. of the
fillghtest. value.
A Commerce Conrt Needed.
"And the way to prohibit this is per
fectly plain. It has been determined by
courts without number that the railway
is a public servant, subject to public con
trol, and that the public in the exercise of
that control may fix the rate. Nearly
one-half the states do at the present time,
to a greater or less extent, exercise the
right with respect to transportation with
in their borders. The United States at
tempted to do this for interstate trans
portation by passing the act to regulate
commerce. The Imperfections of that act
were not corrected when they became
manifest because railway competition had
so reduced rates as a whole that the need
of such action was not felt. Now that
competition has passed away, such a
measure does become necessary. Let me
for a minute call attention tn th monna
tinder the direction of the United States
bupreme Court; the fixing of a rate in the
future is a lecislallve function. Tt mt.
not be delegated to the courts, but must
uu cercibea oy uie .legislature, eltner dl
rectly, which is Impracticable, or indl
rectly through a commission.
"The function of this commission should
be to correct, not to .make interstate rates.
So lone as rallwavs are nrlvatA nmnorfu
they should be allowed to make their own.
rates in me nrsc instance; the Govern
ment Interfering onlv whon tho nt
made are unjust. In the discharge of that
AuuL'Liun sucn a commission is not a court.'
It should sit merely to hear the complain
ant and the defendant, and decide the
issue.
"The real difficulty is, How shall tho
oruers or sucn a commission be revised
and enforced? The rallwav
crty. The railway Industry is the most
jinpunar.1 in tins country. To reduce un
justly the ratp qr unreasonably hamper
the Industry would be both wrong and
unwise, a commission or the sort Indl
cated would be to a degree a partisan
ooay, wnose oraers ought not to be en
lOrced Without ODDOrtunitv for smnc-il T
has for some time seemed to me that we
must create a special tribunal, in the
nature of a commerce court tuhinVi ctinnM
be charged with the duty of reviewing and
enforcing the orders of a commission,
from which appeal upon questions of law
una pernaps tnoso of fact should lie to
the Supreme Court of the United States.
The members of such tribunal would be
appointed for life and would therefore
possess the conservatism of a court."
From. Railroad Standpoint.
Commissioner Prouty was followed by
Mr. Hines, who spoke in part as follows:
"The agitation by the Interstate Com
merce Commission for the rate-making
power, began in 1897, when the Supreme
Court decided the maximum-rate case. In
that case the commission had fixed rates
which, if enforced, would have materially
reduced rates on practically all southbound
business east of the Mississippi River. The
Supreme Court showed clearly that Con
gress had not given the commission this
necessarily unlimited and extremely im
portant power, but it pointed out that the
commission did have important functions
designed to secure both reasonableness
and equality of rates. The commission
criticised the Supreme Court, denounced
the court's statements and has made the
erroneous impression that it is now power
less, and also that the rate-making power
would prevent secret rate cutting.
"The proposed power would necessarily
be free from any substantial Judicial re
view, -and would be a complete abandon
ment of the method of regulation provided
by Congress which, despite all assertions
to the contrary, has never been proved
insufficient. Any dissatisfaction is due to
shortcomings of the commission rather
than to defects in the law. The Interstate
Commerce Commission is neither an ex
pert nor an Impartial tribunal, as Is proved
ty its aecisions ana tne action ot tne
courts upon them. It is unnecessary, un
wise and unjust to give such a tribunal
practically final power over the private
papital Invested In railroads. At present
the mistakes of the railroads can be ade
quately corrected in the courts; under the
proposed method, the mistakes of the
commission" could not be corrected any
where.
"The claim that low rates are due to
railroad competition and that as such com
petition Is disappearing, the power to re
duce rates should be given to the commis
sion is fallacious, because tne generally
low basis of rates is due to the competi
tion between markets and between prod
ucts, and to the fact that economical rail
road management necessitates constantly
increasing the volume of traffic, and these
conditions are bound to continue.
"Some members of the commission ar
gue that the rates should be reduced, but
they have not exercised the authority
they have to put that view Into effect
However, despite the increase in volume
of traffic and in efficiency of machinery,
railroad net earnings are diminishing and
the cost per ton per mile is Increasing.
Although traffic conditions are not likely
to permit Increased returns, still, as an
abstract proposition, the railroads un
doubtedly have the right- to share In the
general prosperity when, all other services
and commodities Increase in price.
"The railroads of this country are largely
EUGENE COWLES,
WHO IS NOW IN
responsible for its industrial and commer
cial supremacy. Self - Interest 'will un
doubtedly prompt them to do everything
in their power to maintain that supre
macy. Certainly the material welfare of
the country has not depended in the past'
upon rate-making by the commission, and
it cannot be promoted, therefore, in the
future."
The discussion was participated in by
Professor Emery Johnson, University of
Pennsylvania; Professor Balthasar Meier,
University of Wisconsin, and J. Shirley
Eaton, statistician of the Lehigh Yallcy
Railroad.
Dynamics of Wage Question.
The third session of the association
was held this afternoon. Professor John
B. Clarke, of Columbia University, deliv
ered an address on "The Dynamics ot
the "Wage Question." He said:
"Wages are always tending toward a
standard fixed by the productive power
of labor, and this standard rises as the
productivepower -of labor Increases. The
actual pay of labor also rises, but It lags
behind the standard by a certain Interval,
and the condition is normal if the stand
ard rises at a natural rate of rapidity, and
if tho actual pay pursues It, remaining
but a natural interval behind it.
"The existence of some interval between
the pay of labor and the standard toward
which it tends is the sole condition of pure
business profits. These are forever con
verting themselves into additions to other
Incomes and particularly to wages, and
this produces the rise that is continually
taking place in the pay of laborers, but
new profits are derived frcm new sources
and the improvements which create them
cause the standard of wages again to
rise. Whenever the Interval between this
standard and the actual earnings of the
working class grows larger In consc-.
quence of a chance which raises the
standard toward which wages are tend
ing, labor is benefited; but whenever the
interval is enlarged by an influence that
thrusts the pcy of labor down, labor is,
of course, injured.
Monopolies have several effects. It may
retard the rise of the standard of wages
and cause the actual rate to lag behind
it by an abnormally long and Increasing
interval. In this case monopoly is at Its
worst. Again, monopoly may not chck
the advance of th3 standard itself, but
may cause the actual rate to remain by
an Increasing distance behind it This ef
fect Is less disastrous than the former
one. Monopoly may let the standard riEa
at a natural rate, and cause actual pay to
follow at an Interval that is unnaturally
long,, but fixed. Monopoly may cause
the standard to rise with accelerated speed
and cause the actual rate of pay to fol
low at an Interval that is long but fixed.
This Is the best that can be hoped for as
the result of the consolldatlpns of capital
and of labor, which are the marked feat
ure of modern business."
A discussion which was taken part in
by John A. Hobson, of London, England;
Thomas M. Carver, president of political
economy of Harvard; Simon N. Patten,
University of Pennsylvania, and Alvln S.
Johnson, of Columbia University, fol
lowed the delivery of Professor Clarke's
address, after which the convention ad
journed until Monday.
THINKS CEER RIGHT
Senator Simon Also Thinks
Governor Is Wrong.
FULTON IS NOT DISQUALIFIED
Bnt the Opinion. Is Expressed. That
the Senatorial Candidate From,
Astoria Shonld Have Talcen Ad
vantage of the Mays Law.
"The provision of the constitution of
Oregon which prohibits the election by
the Legislature ot one of its members to
an office does not apply to the election ot
United States Senator. The Federal Con
stitutlon prescribes the qualifications that
a Senator must possess and the constitu
tion of a state-cannot add to or take from
those qualifications. The mere fact that a
man is a member of the Oregon Leglsla-
THE FAMOUS BASSO
PORTLAND.
ture will not dlsquallty him from election
j to the United States Senate, If he has the
! good fortune to convince a majority of the
! members of the Legislature that he Is the
j proper person to be elected.
"C. W.' Fulton, of Astoria, may be
member of the Legislature, but that is not
! a legal reason why he should not run fo
the United States Senate."
j And . sd 4" Senator Joseph Simon dls
mleses the contention of Governor- Geer
that the Legislature cannot legally lay
the Senatorial toga upon the eager shoul
ders of the statesman from the city by
the sounding sea.
Should Be Seriously Considered.
"But," continued Mr. Simon, as he
stayed the reporter's recording pencil,
do not wish to be construed as saying
that all of Governor Geer's contentions In
regard to the local contest are not sound.
I think, for instance, that the Legislature
Is morally bound to give the most serious
consideration to his claim that, having re
, ceived the indorsement of 15,000 voters. In
' accordance with the Mays law, he Is the
; only candidate which the Legislature
should consider."
"Do you mean to say that the Mays law
! to mandatory upon the Legislature?
; "Certainly not," said the Senator. "The
i law merely provides amcans by which the
people may express tneir preference. But
; as the Legislators are supposed to bo the
' representatives of .the people, and are. In
fact, elected to do their bidding, I think
they are morally bound to respect the ex
' presslon of the peoples preference. Mr.
' Fulton certainly had the same opportunity
i to go before the people that Governor
, Geer had. If he deliberately turned his
back on this chance, it Is fair to presume
j that ho was afraid' to face the issue, or,
in otner words, was afraid that the peo
j pie thought Geer was better fitted to rep
I resent the state at Washington.
a. unuea states senator nas many
J things to do. The ofiice Is a National one,
andrfts duties are not altogether connected
with minor political appointments. The
people are entitled to demand that their
representative shaM be of sufficient caliber
properly to fill the requirements of the po
sition, ana l tmnk tnat they should hav
some voice in his election. A man may be
a good state Representative, but may not
have tne "grasp of National affairs neces
sary for a United States Senator."
Senator Simon intends to return
to
Washington about January 1, when he will
devote hlmeelf to closing the -unfinished
business which he has on hand. He -win
then return to Portland on the exp'lratlon
of his term, and will resume his active
participation in the law firm of which he
la a partner.
"I have always sustained my connection
with my law firm," said Mr. Simon, "and
will thus not be entirely dependent upon
the charity of a cold" and thankless world
when I return to Portland. I expect to re
enter active business life."
"And politics?" queried the. reporter.
But the face of the Senator was as the
face of the Sphinx.
New York Will Honor Loreax.
NEW YORK, Dec. 27. The freedom "of
the city will be extended to. Dri Adolph
Lofenz by the Board of Aldermen Tes
day, when that body meets. A Kiarnifl
cent document, engrossed "or parchmeat
and inclosed in a silver box, will hear
the expression of the city's ooretil wet
come. It will Dear tne seai or ine city
and will recite that It Is granted la "con
sideration of the famous visitor's services
to science and his charitable work among
the poor of New York. The presenta
tion will be made in the Governor's room
at the City Hall, in the presence of the
Mayor, the heads of the city depart
ments and about 100 invited guests.
QUARREL WITH ARCHITECT
Sculptor of St. Louis Exposition Re
signs Because Plans Are Changed.
NEW YORK, Dec. 27. Frederick Ruck-
stuhl. ot New York, who has resigned as
chief of sculpture of the world's Fair at
St. Louis, .says in a statement he has
Issued that he went to St Louis intending
to do his work In a way satisfactory to
the exposition and all others concerned.
After his scheme for the decoration of the
exposition had -been flatteringly reported
on by the advisory committee, Mr. Ruck,
stuhl declared that attempts were made
to humiliate him, to deny him certain
privileges which had been agreed upon,
and to demand certain things he had pre
viously refused to do. This treatment he
refused to submit to, and demanded the
right to appeal to the executive com
mittee should- any serious differences of
opinion arise between himself and Isaac
S. Taylor, the director or worjes.
Mr. Ruckstuhl says he made his de
mands in the hope, though not with the
belief, that they would be granted. Ho
realized that it would be necessary either
for him to sever his connection with the
exposition company or be made sufficient
ly free as an agent or tne company to
save his department from making a fiasco
of the sculpture scheme as worked out
between the architect and himself. .This
met with the strong approval of the com
mlttee of eminent sculptors appointed to
nass upon it. Mr. Ruckstuhl concludes
I have had no quarrel witn tne expo
sition company, as some of my very best
friends are members of the directorate,
My quarrel is entirely with Mr. Taylor,
I believe that If the plans as prepared by
the architects and myself could be carried
out, the St. Louis Exposition would be a
magnificent success."
JEATH COMES SUDDENLY
Professor Vnndlest, Famous Geolo
gist, Falls Dead at Son's Feet.
DENVER, Dec. 27. Word has just
reached here of the death of Professor
P. H. Vandiest, at San Louis, in the ex.
treme southern part or tnis state, on
Christmas day. He dropped dead at the
feet of his son, although apparently In the
best of health.
Professor Vandiest was one of thp best
known geologists In the world. He was a
native of Holland, and Edam was bis
birthplace. Professor Vandiest was given
the appointment of chief of mines of
Java when the government of Holland
began its extensive mining operations in
that island possession. His health be
came impaired." and he was compelled to
leave Java just as he was about to be
rewarded with the highest scientific ap
pointment within the gift of his native
country He sailed in the private yacht
of the Austrian Ambassador, who per
sonally accompanied Professor Vandiest.
For his services the government of Hol
land granted Professor Vandiest a life
pension.
Jn 1872 .the distinguished geologist came
to Colorado and .became chief of. the land
department in the Sury,cyoreneraJ's , of:
nee; ,a. posmojtTie ekiSTyr. seven years.
He also-held ''the chair :if metallurgy at
me state ccnooi or jmnes or uoioraao,
Professor Vandiest was 'an author of
world-wide famfc on scientific subjects,
He was the discoverer off ac new" tellurium
ore in Colorado, which, bears his name
diestlte. In addition to other accom
plishments. Professor Vandiest was
painter of marked abilltvA
Four daughters and one son survive
him. Funeral services took place In this
city today.
TELLS WHO DISCOVERED IT
Marconi Admits Lindsay. Was Plo
necr of "Wireless Telegraphy.
NEW YORK, Dec. .27. When Mr. Mar
conl lectured at Dundee, says the London
correspondent of the Tribune, he gave
full credit to the Scotch Inventor. James
Bowman Lindsay, for being the first man
who thoroughly believed in the possibility
and utility of long-distance wireless teles
raphy, 50 years ago. He contended that
Lindsay's system was not considered prac
tlcal on account, of the enormous electrical
energy required, even for the most mod
erate distances, and the necessity of plac
lng Immersed plates at a considerable dls
tance apart, but he admitted that the In
ventor would have done much more if he
had lived In the present time.
Lindsay's biographer has delivered lec
ture3 on these early experiments in wire
less telegraphy, and has exhibited the orlg
inal apparatus and "diagrams. The blog
raphy. which will be published shortly, will
contain many of Lindsay's letters on the
subject which prove the originality and
feasibility of his experimental work. It Is
not generally known that Lindsay took
out a patent for his method of wireless
telegraphy.' He began experimenting In
the Donds around Dundee in 1844. and re
Burned, in 1S53, at Portsmouth, and across
the Tay.
7
TAKEN IN BY THE TRUST
Another Steel Plant Goes the "Way of
All Competitors.
NEW YORK, Dec. 27.-tWlIllam F.
Donovan, president of the Troy. Steel
Production Company, has announced the
sale 6f-the Breaker Island plant to the
United States Steel Corporation, accord
ing to a dispatch from Troy to the Times.
Mr. Donovan added that while he could
not speak with authority, he was confi
dent that the new owners would operate
the plant.
Under the decision ot the .Supreme
Court the plant was, sold at auction
August 7 to satisfy Judgment. Mr. Dono
van, representing a syndicate, secured
the property for 5525,000, and the Incor
poration of the Troy Steel Production
Company followed. A force of men has
since been engaged In placing the plant
in readiness for(a resumption of opera
tions '
Death Is -.Reward of Fidelity.
NEW YORK, Dec 27. Faithfulness to
her fiance; Professor Peck, a former In
structor, In. Lehigh University,- who died
j. year ajfo frpm consumption, has cost
Miss Mabel jtfitcheil, of Plalnfleld, N. J.,
her life. Whn Professor Peck was taken
ill, Mlw irfltchell, then a school teacher,
nursed, hI Jr his home at Newburg, N.
Y., and a'ftr -his death the young woman
was stftekeH with Professor Peck's dis
ease. She resigned her position as an
instructor -hVihe Washington School and
died Ttwr4ay night. '
First .Step in Colorado Fljcht.
DENVKR; "Dec 27. The Republican
fight for odatrol of the Legislature was
formally opened 'today,, when contests
were Sle with the Secretary of State by
the 15 Jtepubllcan candidates for the
House, treat Arapahoe County. Contests
were ate Wed by the three defeated Re-,
public' iBftidldates forthe Senate. The
contest papers contain over 1000 type
"writtfa p&gis.
8 THE -FAIR
Commissioner Araki Will Re
port So to Japan.
INE EXHIBITS WILL COME, T00
Recommendation Will Be Made to
Imperial Government to Send
Japanese Village From"" St.
Louis to1 Portland.
"I shall make a very favorable report
to the Japanese government about the
Lewis and Clark Fair. Rest assured of
this."' And Waichl Araki. envov of the
JAPAN'S SPECIAL COMMISSIONER TO THE LOUISIANA
PURCHASE EXPOSITION.
WAICHI
Mikado, pulled himself up on the North
ern Pacific train last night.
Mr. Arakl's visit means much to our
Fair," said President Corbett, yesterday
afternoon. i
"The first gun- of the Fair has been
fired," exclaimed Colonel Dosch, exuiting
iy. "Am I pleased with Portland?" respond
ed the visitor to "a reporter's question.
"Very much. Indeed. 'I am highly grat
ified with the way I have been received
and with what I have sflen and heard of
your coming exposition. I shall convey
my Impressions to the Japanese govern
ment, and shall recommend an appropri
ation by our diet for your Fair."
Meets the Fair Directors.
Mr. Araki and members of the Lewis
and Clark board held a verv satisf.ictnrv
meeting just before noon. All the gentle-
men were highly pleased at the outcome.
Mr. Araki because Portland manifested
interest in Japanesef markets and in the
coming exposition at 'Osaka, and the mem-
government gave such pleasing assur
ances of participation in the Lewis and
Clark Fair.
President Corbett, in accordance with
the wish of the directors, addressed a let
ter to the Japanese government through
Mr. Araki. expressing appreciation of the
Interest taken by that government in the
1905 Fair, and promising as much -space
for a Japanese exhibit as may be re
quired. The visitor was supplied with
printed matter describing the aims and
plans of tho Fair, and giving commercial
and Industrial information about the
Northwest.
Mr. Araki's visit' is the most important
event thus far in tho progress of the Fair.
There is reason to believe that the Jap
anese exhibit will be the largest of any
Oriental country. The Japanese are In
tensely eager to extend their commerce.
"Wc have great Interest In your coun
try," said the visitor; "more than in any
country of the world. If the Portland and
St. Louis Expositions were elsewhere than
In America, we might not participate in
them. But they' are in America, and.
therefore, we are obliged to take part In
them for our own benefit, if for no other
reason. We admire your country above
any other. It ispur commercial and in
dustrial model. We wish to sell to you
and to buy of you. You cannot desire to
enter our markets any mere than we de
sire to enter yours." v
The visitor said, that the big Japanese
exhibit at St. Louis would undoubtedly
be brought to Portland. His government
would probably desire to have space GOO
by GOO feet for typical Japanese buildings
and a large; bazaar..
"We are pleased with t&e 'Oriental' part
of the title of your Fxtlr," said Mr. Afakl,
smilingly, to the Fair directors. "That
means something to us, and," as Presi
dent Corbett smiled in return, "it will
draw many of our merchants and gentle
men to, your city." '
Everybody was pleased at this, and the
speaker resumed:
"What articles would you like us to ex
hibit?" "All useful and ornamentat articles,"
returned . Mr. Corbett promptly, "which
are likely to find demand here. Our coun
try Is growing fast, and it i3 increasing
rapidly in wealth. Our people are becom
ing well off, especially our farmers. They
wlll have more and more "money as time
goes on to gratify their tastes for articles
of ornament and luxury. Your country
produces many things which Willi sell
readily here."
"Quite so," echoed the visitor.
"And perhaps it might be well," re
sumed Mr. Corbett, "to exhibit some of
the actual processes of manufacture."
Mny Bring Japnccxe Building.
Mr. Araki Indeed it would. My gov
ernment will have a typical Japanese
building at St. Louis, and very probably
the structure will be brought- to Port
land. The exhibit will probably contain
ARAKI.
a typical Japanese street with stores
alongside, just as they exist in Japan
Our own carpenters will doubtless have
to do the constructive work, and we shall
prObably have to bring building materials
from Japan.
Mr. Corbett Then you favor bringing
your exhibits and buildings at St. Louis
to Portland.
"That's what I shall recommend," re
plied the visitor; and went on:
"Part of my mission has been to ascer
tain what Japanese articles will sell In
this country. Our merchants will be
guided largely by my report. Japan pro
duces very fine articles In bronze, porceT
lain. silk, cloisonne, embroidery and paint
ing.
! "That s rk " spoke up Adolph Wolfe.
1 "Demand In America for Japanese goods
' verv sreat."
i "M y" 1'ke these goods here I shall
Induce our merchants to bring them over,
do fine work In lacquer wood-working
"Demand for your embroidery is marvel
ous," commented Mr. Wolfe.
"And it will Increase as time goe3 by,"
remarked Mr. Corbett.
Will you allow us space in your
grounds?" asked the Mikado's envoy.
! T? f mi for Snnco Grnntcd.
"Yes, Indeed," responded Mr. Corbett.
smilingly, and each of the other directors
figuratively shook hands with himself.
"Indeed we shall."
"Would It not ba well," suggested W. D,
Fenton. "for the gentleman to have space
reserved now?" (but noticing a change on
the visitor s countenance) "subject, of
course, to confirmation by his govern
ment."
"I see. replied Mr. Araki, cautiously;
"but my instructions were simply to
come to Portland to Investigate whether
we should exnibit atyour Fair. Can you
say what part of the grounds you would
nscli'ti lis?"
ihe grounds have not been laid out
yet;" said Mr. Corbett "We are waiting
for appropriations frcm several State
Legislatures, and the size of their appro
priations w.ll govern the laying out of the
grounds."
"How much space would you require?"
asked A. L. Mills.
"About GOOxGOO feet. This would be the
minimum."
.e can allow you that much without
any doubt," said Mr. Corbett.
The visitor said he had mailed a, quan-
(Coacluded oa "Paso 23.)
BOTH PARTIES FALSE
Senator Morgan's Plain Talk
on Trust Issue,
NEW PARTY MUST TACKLE IT
Alabama Veteran Says Neither Re
publicans Xor Dcmocrtits "Will Do
Anything He Proposes Tax on
Monopoly Corporations.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington, Dec. 27. Senator Morgan, of Ala
bama, says there Is "no great difference be
tween the leaders of the Democratic and
Republican parties on the question of
trusts.
"The party out of power cries out
against the octopus; the party In power
bugs thq octopus to its breast," says he.
He declares the leaders of both the Re
publican and Democratic parties are guilty
of hypocrisy and deceit, neither party ap
parently being more desirous than the
other of finding and applying a cure. That
a cure will be found, however, and that it
will be applied effectively, he does not
doubt, but before that devoutly-to-be-
wished-for consummation he fears the
chastising rod will be laid heavily on the
American people. Out of this chastising,
he thinks, will come an awakening and a
political revolution that will sweep out of
existence both of the great parties as they
aro now organized.
Senator Morgan thinks the trust ques
tion is the greatest that has ever arisen In
our economic development. The Republi
can party may solve It, the Democratic
party may solve It, or its solution may be
found by a new party arising on the ruins
of the old ones. He says corporate
strength in this country is today greater
than the strength of Congress or of the
President. It Is feared by leaders of both
political parties a reduction of tariff sched
ules might afford some relief but would
not cure the trust evil.
In his opinion the trusts must be reached
through the exercise by Congress of Its
constitutional pover of taxation. The Ala
bama Senator suggests a graduated tax'on
capital stocks of corporations, with a pro
vision Inserted that "any corporation show
ing that it Is not a monopoly or an un
lawful combination in restraint of trade
be wholly relieved of this tax, thereby re
lieving the Government of the burden of
proof.
.Senator Morgan says whilo trusts wl.l be
discussed In the next cAnij Jlgn, both par
ties will go on recor a;ai::st them. nd
the trust question cannot tiecbme, a real
Issue. Tho campaign will, on the con
trary, be fought on the tariff question,
with a line-up similar to that In 1884.
CONTEST FOR THE BOY.
UniKunynn Legation Tells Why
Young Ames Was Deported.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 27. Dr. Herrera,
First Secretary of the Uruguayan Lega
tion, called on Secretary Hay today In
regard to the case of young Joseph Pres
ton Ames, who, his aunt. Mrs. Sparhawk.
alleges, was deported from the United
States with the assistance of the officials
of the Uruguayan Legation here.
Dr. Herrera outlined the history of the
case briefly to the Secretary' as he knew
it. According to his statement the boy
was brought to the Uruguayan Legation
some weeks ago by his maternal cousins.
who asked Dr. Herrera to take charge of
him, as they did not wish his father's
relatives to get possession of .the boy. Dr.
Herrera did not care to assume the guard
ianship of a young boy. The case, as rep
resented to him. showed clearly that the
boy was a Uruguayan citizen, having been
born In that country. His cousins, further
more, declared that the boy's mother, on
her deathbed, had requested that her child
be reared in Uruguay.
Dr. Herrera, in view of these facts, ad
vised the boy's Cousins to make an affi
davit to that effect before a notary that
their action might not be challenged. The
boy was taken to New York, and from
there sailed for Uruguay. Several days
later a notice of Mrs. Sparhawk's appoint
ment, as guardian was presented, but tho
boy. not being In his possession, he was
unable to turn him over to his. aunt.
Dr. Herrera is quite willing to throw all
the light possible- on the case.
Mrs. Grant's Will Probated.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 27. The will of
Mra Julia Dent Grant was admitted to
probate today and letters of administra
tion were issued to Brigadier-General Fred
Grant. He. as executor, furnished bond In
the sum of 5G0.000. It developed today that
Mrs. Grant neglected to sign the codicil
attached to the will. The codicil embraced
the bequests of valuable articles of his
toric interest to the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New York and to the United
States Government, being gifts received
from various foreign governments during
her husband's tour of the world. As the
codicil Is not signed it has no legal effect,
but the executor states that It Is the desire
of the family to execute the provision of
the codicil as fully as possible.
, Still SnoivinfT in Ohio.
CLEVELAND, O.. Dec. 27. The heavy
snow storm, which began here on " .
day last, still continues today. Nearly
14 Inches of snow have fallen on the level,
while the drifts in exposed places aro
from three to four feet In" .depth. The
street railroads find much difficulty In
keeping cars moving. Trains on most of
the steam roads are running behind
schedule.
Marines Ordered to( Philippine'
WASHINGTON, Dec. 27. A detachment
of 300 marines will be sent to the Philip
pines to relieve a like number on duty
there who have completed their term of
duty In the East. A force of 150 under
command of Major George Barnett will
leave San Francisco. February It, and an
other force of 150 will sail March 1 under
command of Lieutenant-Colonel Russell.
Reed weaves All to His "VIilovr.
NEW YORK,- Dec. 27. The will of
Thomas B. Reed was filed here today.
It gives all his estate to his widow, Mrs.
Susan P. Reed, and makes her sole exe
cutrix, a bequest to his father and mother
having lapsed by their death.
Vnnderbllt Is Dolnjr Well.
NEW YORK. Dec. 27. The physicians
attending Cornelius Vanderbilt said today
that they had every hope of his recovery.
Unless something unforeseen takes place,
no further bulletins .will be issued.
in