THE SU2JDAY OBEGONIA.N, PORTLAND, AUGUST . 1902.
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PORTLAND, SUNDAY, AUG. 24, 1902.
NATIONAL INTERESTS, TRULY.
President Roosevelt's speech at Hart
lord on Friday, in which he declared
.that "our interests are as great in the
Pacific as in the Atlantic," gave to the
Pacific for the first time what may be
called an emphatic National recogni
tion. Aforetime there has been on the
part of our larger public men a deal
of holiday talk about the greatnes3 of
the Pacific Ocean and of the relations of
the United States to it; but it has been
in the tone of National glorification
and it has mostly been connected with
a distant and indefinite future. It has
remained for Mr. Roosevelt to assert
with emphasis the National duty
toward the Pacific, to give National rec
ognition and National voice lo what has
long been in the minds pf Pacific Coast
people. But It remains for Congress to
accept and act upon what the President
asserts as a broad principle to illus
trate the truth that "the welfare of Cal
ifornia, Oregon and "Washington is as
vital to the Nation as the welfare of
New England, New York and the South
Atlantic States"; and to illustrate this
other fact, namely, that Pacific Ocean
Interests are National interests,, pre
cisely as Atlantic Ocean interests are
National interests. And this recogni
tion, to have value, must take practical
fcrm. It must be reflected in the pro
motion of commerce; in the maintenance
of an efficient diplomatic and consular
service in the Orient and in the states
of Central and South America; in the
protection and extension of American
rights in China; In the development of
the Philippines; In the encouragement
of shipyards and the maintenance of a
suitable naval establishment; in the
laying of cables; in the development of
"our harbors; and, of course, in the
.prompt construction of the Isthmian Ca
nal. Here, broadly stated, are the im
mediate needs of the Pacific; in atten
tion to these matters lies the best rec
ognition of that National Interest which
President Roosevelt emphasizes in the
Pacific
THE DEMOCRATIC NEED.
A unique and attractive method of
revivifying the Democratic party has
,been evolved in the fecund brain of
Mr. Ben T. Cable, the Democratic Con
gressional committee's manager. His
idea is that "whether the Democrats
'control the next House or not, it is
highly necessary to have a few really
strong men in Congress who can give
tone and dignity to the minority opera-
x tlons and lay a foundation for the Pres
idential campaign." Mr. Cable Is said
to be actually looking about in the
Northwest for Democrats of such stand
ing and ability and eo distinguished
and well known that if they would ac
cept nominations for Congress they
.would probably carry even Republican
(districts. Simultaneously with this re
port comes the Florida Times-Union, of
Jacksonville, with a different but.some-
jwhat similar prescription for the stak
i party:
What wo need is the leadership and the
leaders that find reward in the work done.
that pride themselves on somothlng other than
tthe cash accumulated and despise the com
mon ambition of tho averago man. Until the
Democracy can And such leadership it is splr
itually dead, and tho voter is justified in re
I fusing to follow a funeral procession that
preaches no resurrection. There is no hope in
quitting a hospital merely to resume a march
to the cemetery, and if this be treason, make
the most of It.
These recommendations are good as
far as they go. Certainly the clouds
would mostly vanish from the Demo
cratic sky if the party could win back
the men it has lost the last eight years
But we shall undertake to say that the
Times-Union and Mr. Cable are both
in hopeless error as to the efficacy, of
their prescriptions. The way to lm
prove the party is, truly enough, to get
good men back, but men are not to be
had by mere invitation or advertise
ments. Men do not act with parties
because they are asked or because they
are needed. They must have grounds
more relative.
Tho facility with which the Demo
cratic party separated itself from its
best and brightest members ought to
suggest the way fto reverse the process.
It drove them away with its objec-
'tionable doctrines. It can get them
back only with sound doctrines. Stand
for error, and your opponent need not
stir hand or foot to gain your support
ers. They will flock to him without his
'effort or knowledge. Stand for truth.
and you needn't solicit men of brains
and .character to act vith your party.
They can't be kept away.
The evil genius of the Democratic
party is W. J. Bryan. His ascendency
keeps Mr. Cable's good men from run
ning for Congress or -working in the
ranks. His ascendency, is what fills the
party with medjQcrlty and prevents the
leadership craved by the Times-Union.
So long as he is permitted unafraid and
unrestrained to abuse and discredit the
men who deserted him for right and
truth in 1898; it will be useless to adver
tise for the material needed.
Grievous as is the discredit Into which
the Democratic party has fallen, it
could probably win the -Congressional
elections this Fall and certainly could
win the Presldentiar election- in 1004 At
it could find the resolution and the
means to convince the country that In
power it would stand unflinchingly for
honest money and honest tariff reform.
If it could only do this, its path would
be smoothed to success. Otherwise its
way is almost without a ray of hope.
SEAMEN'S ABUSES.
Shipowners who pay too much for
seamen have probably seen the last
public uprising Portland will ever in
dulge on their behalf. Repeated cam
paigns against boarding-house abuses
have been organized here and supported
eagerly by press and public. Then,
when victory seemed somewhere within
reach, the shipping concerns would
quietly make a new contract with Sul
livan and the Grants and leave public
opinion and seamen's abuse committees
and the newspapers and all the correct
ive agencies, to which frenzied and
moving appeal had been made, high in
the air without a. place to light. The
only purpose the moral sensibilities and
sympathetic feeling for poor Jack Tar
had served was to enable the shipping
people to drive sharper bargains .with
the ssamen's supply houses.
If it should ever become necessary or
if without Its becoming necessary, new3
should get so scarce as to justify the
trouble. The Oregonlan can and will
print the true history of these disgust
ing proceedings, Including the names of
the Influential citizens who made the
appeals and the subsequent contracts
and those of the high-toned lawyers
who officiated with the agreements.
The Oregonlan will never again be a
victim to such operations. The offi
cials, whom the shipping people are now
trying to arouse, can do as they llite.
but from District Attorney Chamber
lain's interview, printed yesterday, it
looks as if he also had cut his eye teeth.
As for Mr. Sulllvan.lt is a notorious fact
that the people who denounce his call
ing as unholy are quick enough to em
ploy him when his talents can senre
their purposes Instead of Interfere with
them, and It is The Oregonlan'e Impres
sion that he stands by, his contracts as
religiously and perhaps more so than do
those with whom the contracts are
made.
Unjust and extortionate "blood
money" is an intolerable financial bur
den on the port and a menace to peace
and order as well as common morality.
But it will not be stamped out by stir
ring up the public conscience and. then
selling it out for $10 or 520 reduction on
the price per man for supplying seamen.
The "port" is not to blame for the rul
ing rate of seamen's pay or advance
money. Those to blame are they who
pay the exorbitant price, and who will
cut and run any time from a public
movement or a test prosecution to save
a few dollars In disbursements or a few
days' delay In putting to sea.
Furnishing sailors is not a crime, and
when the business Is unscrupulously
pursued It Is not a crime, but an abuse.
However statutes may be procured de
nominating' Inordinate piracy ,of this
sort a crime, the fact remains that in
practice it is nevertheless an offense
against property and civil rights which
can only be reniedied by the co-opera
tion of the Injured with 'the officers of
the law. Peace officers cannot convict
a suspect of any offense against prop
erty or vested rights If the sufferers
run away from the case and refuse
either to make complaint or testify on
the witness-stand. The law is there
and the peace officers are there, but the
machinery Itself can do nothing unless
the complainants do their part
WHY TIIE MINISTRY DECLINES.
The one profession whose higher ranks
in this country are never full Is that of
the ministry. There are young and
capable lawyers always in waiting for
opportunity to forge ahead. Of highly
quallfiedsphyslcians there is no lack of
numbers. In the railroad service. In the
professional departments of manufac
ture, in engineering, in journalism,
there are capable men in plenty.
and when one man In the higher
rank falls out, his place is easily
and quickly filled. There is. indeed, a
tendency to overcrowd all these depart'
ments of effort; the number of capable
men offering Is greater than the oppor
tunity for their employment; the cry is
not for more harvesters, but for more
harvest. But there Is quite another sit
uation when it comes to the ministry,
for here the laborers the laborers of
real power are few. There is never a
time when men are not wanted for the
higher places, when large and larger
salaries are not in waiting for men hav
ing the gifts which make the ministry
effective. For example, we reprint the
following Associated Press dispatch
from New York, which appeared in The
Oregonlan a few days back:
A large number of Important pastorates In
New York and Brooklyn are vacant, more than
at any other time in recent years, and as
most of them will be filled between now and
January 1. tho city will seo 1C or more clergy-men
como to take positions paying from
$2000 to flO.000 a year. One of the most im
portant positions vacant in the Episcopal
church is tho deanshlp" of the General Theo
logical Seminar', worth $7000 or $3000 annual
ly. The rectorate of the Church of the Holy
Trinity, Brooklyn, is the most important va
cancy on Long Island. The posUlon pays $10,
000 a year. Temple Emanu-El has been look
ing for a principal rabbi for over a .year, and
when the proper man is found bo will receive
$12,000 a year. Among other prominent
churches needing pastors aro: Grace Church,
Brooklyn, salary fSOOO; St. Agnes Chapel,
Trinity parish. $6000; Church of the Divine
Paternity, $0000; Second-Avenue Baptist,
$3500.
There is, of course, a cause for this
condition In truth, many causes. In
the first place, the old religious life
which turned- the minds of many earn
est youths to the ministry has largely
been superseded, even In families still
nominally devout, by a more secular life
In which there are no suggestions which
tend to fill the divinity classes. Again
a generation or two back, before the
railroad era and the commercial era,
the life of the country was narrower
there were few fields of intellectual ef
fort, and the ministry shared with the
bar and the medical profession pretty
much the whole offering of youthful tal
ent. In those days, too, the ministry
was much more highly considered than
now; men not only supported the
church, but gave their presence to Its
services, gave attention and'heed to the
utterances of the pulpit and Valued the
minister as a vital rather than as
conventional if not outworn figure In
society.
Time has changed all this, and in the
change the ministry has lost much of
Its attraction to men of liberal and
vital Quality. Such menaire not content
to dwell apart from the active life of
their time, to hold a merely conven
tional and ceremonial relationship to
the world. Their ambition is not satis
fled by such triumphs as are to be won
on memorial occasions and before audi
ences or women. Men of the vital sort
want naturally to live with other men
on even terms; they resent the limita
tions which disqualify the minister for
the associations of the gentlemen's club,
which close the door of active and equal
social life against him, and which bind
him to artificial and formal standards
of decorum. They resent conditions-
which tend to set the minister apart
from the world and a criticism which
estimates the opinions of a minister as
proceeding from his professional char
acter rather than from his manly under
standing.
To an extent, the discipline of the
churches Is responsible for the condi
tions which keep or tend to keep first
class talent out of the pulpit. While
the membership of most of the churches
has kept pace with the times, whlle
Christian men and wdmen In all the"
churches think and speak with free
dom, they give their ministers no such
license. Within the ministry there is
little or no liberty to discuss with
open mind and. in manly spirit
the questions which scholarship have
raised within the past few yeaTs, and
which are giving to many old things a
character entirely new. Ministers are
not expected or permitted to think Inde
pendently and speak openly of these
matters; their part 13 to wait In silence
and with formal devotion to old beliefs
and practices upon the slow movement
of church counsels. In other words, the
ministry Is muzzled with respect to
those things which most vitally affect
its conscience and Its Interests, and of
which It, above all other agencies, ought
to be permitted to judge.
Under all these conditions It is not
surprising that th.e men most need
ed by the pulpit flght shy . of It.
It does not of&er what the vital and
strenuous man most craves and will
have, namely, freedom to think and to
speak his mind, freedom to mix with
other men upon .even terms, freedom to
act without a painful, conventional re
serve. Now of all times, when old holds
are being loosened, when the pulpit
needs Its best powers to conserve some
measure at least of Its old-time consider
ation and of its authority over the pub
lic conscience. It Is weak In men. And
unless it shall contrive to give its minis
try more freedomvof mind and conduct.
with leave to live in the spirit of the
times, it will grow weaker instead of
stronger.
WHAT VACATIONS ARE FOR.
Many are the amenities and reliefs
which the gold standard and .the In
centive that accumulated capital is able
to offer to Inventive genius have intro
duced into the strenuous life of the
modern world. The vacation habit.
once a negligible Indulgence, Is clearly
one of these alleviating processes of our
busy Industry. It belongs In the same
category as the eight-hour law, the
early-closing movement, the Saturday
afternoon off and the multiplication of
hollays. Doubtless It is as vain to urge
the too assiduous to take a rest, as It is
to Implore the lazy to become diligent.
The. hortatory and corrective'mood may
as well be at once foregone,- accord
ingly, so far as the justification of
vacations is concerned. Xou can't stop
them. Maybe we can inquire with profit
into the ways they, may best be spent
Vacations are divided into four
classes. There are the vacations of
mere habit and Indulgence by those
who need none. There are the vaca
tions of rest, of recreation and of stud
ied improvement. It hag often been
held here In Oregon that the best sort
of a vacation for the man who works
here Is a trip of sightseeing and im
provement In the Eastern States. Ben
efit is undoubtedly acquired by the ac
tive mind In this way. It means a
great deal for the native Oregon man
or woman to visit In reflective mood and
with Inquiring mind the scenes that
history has left us and present activi
ties thrust upon us in the older-settled
portions of our own and other coun
tries. Nothing Is more dwarfing to the
soul than provincialism, nothing so
broadens the mind and kills at once
prejudice and Ignorance, as travel.
In the main It Is true, however, that
there is one need greater than the need
of travel, and that Is the need of re
flection. "The world Is too much with
us." The average man, If he Is doing
his duty, needs more than anything
else respite from the clamorous and
worrying scenes of the outer life. He
needs time to reflect on what he has
seen and heard, to think over his past,
present and future, to draw off a trial
balance, as it were, from the crowded
ledgers and journals of daily life. To
such a man there is nothing in Eastern
or foreign travel that Can begin to com
pare for spiritual strengthening with
the quiet of the mountains or the shore.
There he puts the world away. There,
in lonely walks upon the mountain side
or lonely musings by the tranquil Sum
mer sea, memory quickens, conscience
awakes, and impulses toward beauty,
truth and goodness stir in long-silent
chambers of the soul.
Think well, then, of the vacation of
mere rest. Xfet Its schedules include lit
tie of labored seeking after pleasure or
planning for the Fall campaign In life's
vocation, but very much of quiet hours
when the mind is free to wander at
will through the darkened halls and
dusty chambers of memory. There,
mayhap, some recollection of early as
pirations, some truer apprehension of
duty, some lesson of charity, or stead
fastness, or kindliness, may arise with
healing and with a benefaction of grace
to endure-and power to achieve. One
of old was wont to go often Into the
mountain or the desert -apart to pray.
Many are the great souls whose great
ness has been largely due to the quiet
hour of Introspection with self, or com
munion with Nature. It Is to the soli
tude that the author of "Thanatopsls"
bids us repair for solace from "thoughts
of the last bitter hour."
It Is no wonder that power rested with
the ancient prophets who spent long
nights and "days on the mountain tops
alone. It is not strange that the great
thinkers and the great doers have been
for the most part great musers. Time
for reflection Is a crying need in a geh
eratlon that . from the cradle to the
grave is rushed along at the, speed of
an automobile In the glare of electric
lights and assailed by the ceaseless clat
ter of machinery. The busy man's
greatest need is the quiet hour.
A noteworthy proof of the Increasing
intelligence of the people is that the
successful showman can no longer af
ford to be a charlatan. Thirty years
ago the most successful showman In
America was Barnum, who confessed
that for many years he swindled the
public by pretending that Jolce Heth
was 120 years of age when he knew
that she was not more than 60. He
boasted In his autobiography of other
frauds, like the "woolly horse," and
prided himself upon his ability to get
the money of the American people on
false pretenses. Over and over again
In his book Barnum declared that he
"humbugged" the American people by
advertlslng centenarians, mermaids,
woolly horses and other Incredible
creatures. Barnum set the pace for the
fellows who manufactured the Cardiff
giant and exhibited it the country over
as a fossil man. Barnum was nothing
but a vulgar Connecticut Yankee, full
of low cunning and deceit, who grew
rich by the- practice of successful
quackery. We are fallen Into better
times, for the place of Barnum as the
great International American showman
ha3 been taken by "Buffalo. Bill." His
"Wild West'Show" is a genuine picture,
his Indians are genuine, his animals are
genuine-, and his feats of horsemanship
and marksmanship and wild life gener
ally are tainted with no imposition.
"Buffalo Bill" has not lectured on "Tem
perance," as did Barnum, but as an hon
est showman he-has never been open to
criticism, while Barnum boasted that
for many years he was a dishonest
showman and a successful charlatan.
The American people have become
more intelligent, and their growth Is
in some respects measured by the moral
distance between Barnum, the great
American showman of fifty years ago,
and "Buffalo Bill."
ANDREWS ON MARRIAGE.
Dr.. E. B. Andrews, chancellor of . the
University of Nebraska, In a recent ad
dress before the University of Chicago
denounces without exception and quali
fication the unmarried man or woman
as a poor weakling who amounts to al
most nothing, has no place In society.
He asks us to look at pur" great men
Washington, Lincoln, Grant, and so on.
This kind of reasoning Is worthy of a
man who. was shallow enough to preach
the gospel of free sliver, .for how easy It
is to ask Dr. Andrews to look at Coper
nicus, Newton, Hume, Gibbon, Swift,
Pope, William Pitt. Brougham, Cow-
per. Goldsmith, Gray, Charles Lamb,
Macaulay, Herbert Spencer, Lord Kitch
ener, Pope Leo. Among notable Ameri
cans, Thoreau, Tllden, Phillips Brooks
and President Buchanan were bache
lors. Among English women who led
single lives were Jane Austen, Queen
Elizabeth, Harriet Martineau, Joanna
Baillie, Adelaide Proctor, Miss Mitford,
Jeatrlngelow, Miss Edgworth, "Oulda,"
Frances Power Cobbe, Jane Porter,
Florence Nightingale, Emily Faithful,
Sister Dora and Miss Gladstone. Among
American women we find the names of
Dorothea DIx, Susan B. Anthony, and
Maria Mitchell. It Is fair to presume
that these eminent persons abstained
from marriage for respectable reasons,
for none of them was deficient in en
ergy of mind or body, and nearly all
of them led lives that were consecrated
to high public or private duty. It is
easy to understand how a man or
woman of high intelligence and sensi
bility might decide to lead a single life.
Feeble health, or a sense of duty to a
dependent mother and younger children.
disappointed affection, enthusiastic de
votlon to toilsome and all-engrossing
scientific or literary pursuits, deep devo
tlon to some, all-absorbing cause of
moral or social reform, would prob
ably explain the decision of 'most of
the persons whose names we have cited
It is fair to presume that If these
motlves have constrained these eminent
persons to refrain from matrimony
there must be a very large number of
Intelligent but comparatively obscure
men and women who have been Influ
enced by equally respectable motives
not to marry. From this point of view
the argument of Dr. Andrews that the
celibate is 0 weakling falls to the
ground. On the contrary It would be
easy to show that It Is the weakling
not seldom who marries in haste, so
reckless of his responsibility that he Is
really a breeder cf immorality, and the
founder of a family of wretched pau
pers. A writer In the London Mall says
that there are in London 13,000 married
persons who are 20 years of age or
under. There are 971 wives and widows
aged 18, 2712 aged 19, and 6672 wives
and widows at 20 years. There are 787
nusDanos irom is to 11 years oiu, ana
2022 Just 20 years of age. The majority
of such marriages are contracted In ab
solute poverty. The girl-wife can
neither cook nor sew, she will not
sweep nor scrub. The boy husband
wants a cook and a washerwoman, and
he marries to And he has got neither.
The latest census of London showed 2000
husbands under age who were not liv
ing with their wives. Poverty and crime
had divorced most of them. Among
the Inmates of London's workhouses are
husbands, wives, widowers and widows
of 15 and IB years of age. ,Out of
total of 850 persons under age In London
prisons, more than 200 are married, and
out of 1284 under 25years of age, 576
are married. There are 58,338 married
persons under . age in England and
Wales, and It Is the judgment of Eng
llsh observers that "beyond contro
versy these early marriages strew so
cial life with wreckage, while the doc
tors speak ominously of the new gen
eratlon that these child marriages will
produce."
There is no question but marriages de
crease. Malthus held that as wages rose
and food grew cheaper the marriage
rate would Increase and births grow
numerous, but the enumerators of pop
ulatlon during the last 100 years have
shown that the reverse takes place
that when wages rise In any calling.
trade or employment, the marriage rate"
tends to d'lmlnlsh and births tend to de
crease. Marriage is almost universal
among the young women at the bot
tom of the laboring class, but as the
family wage Increases the number of
unmarried women also increases, and
when the family Is able to educate Its
daughters to the fullest extent the num
ber 06 unmarried women Increases as
the advantages of life Increase. This
means that when women are tempted
If cot forced to marry for a home there
will be fewer unmarried women than
when women are not obliged to marry
for a home or have been trained to
earn a living on easier terms than se
vere and 111-pald manual toll. Within
the last fifty years the wealth of the
United States has enormously Increased
growing from three to four-fold, but
the marriage and the birth rates have
as steadily decreased. This decrease
exist among all classes. The only place
where births are numerous and mar
riages constant Is among Immigrants
who are still struggling at the bottom
to work their way to the top.
The testimony of history is that as
nations have grown In civilization end
wealth they have decreased In mar-
Iriage and the birth rate. Marriage Is
the normal condition, but It has in a
wide sense always been controlled ' by
economic considerations rather than by
romantic feeling. There- was a time In
the history of all peoples when the mili
tary safety of the state could not afford
to tolerate celibacy, but with the in
crease of wealth and comfort the bur
den of that obligation is no longer felt.
When marriages were more frequent
there was less romanticism, perhaps,
than there is today, because when a
woman was tempted by her necessities
to marry for a home she could not af
ford to be romantic In her choice, but
today women are larger wage-earners
and not a few of them prefer a career
and pursuits of their own to marriage.
The spectacle of unhappy marriages
and divorces aired In the courts is not
without some effect, and sensible men
and women have both discovered that
marriage that is not entered into on
both sides from high motives Is sure to
breed misery and moral corrosion.
Bishop Spauldlng, of the Roman Cath
olic Church, justly denounces reckless
and senseless marriages as an inex
haustible source of evil, because they
make homes which hinder the school.
weaken the church and undermine the
social fabric. No law can correct this
condition of things. The nobler and
purer Influences that help through do
mestic and religious education to teach
boys and girls from childhood a manly
and womanly philosophy of marriage
that Is Instinct with moral delicacy and
Irreconcilable with a mercenary and
loveless union are the most efficient
enemies of bad marriages, and only with
the decrease of bad marriages will di
vorces diminish.
France Is the original home of the
automobile. On the streets of Paris it
has become almost a necessity, being
common in the streets and the horse
uncommon. In Paris every owner and
every chauffeur has to pass a rigid ex
amination as to competency. His name
and residence, gearage, etc., are taken,
and a number given him, which must
be placed on the back of the car. No
machine Is allowed to stand in the street
at any time without being occupied by
a licensed operator. The recent Im
portation by a New York firm of more
than 300 machines to be delivered
within one year Is proof. If .any was
wanting, that the automobile has come
to stay, and Its use Is rapidly 'extending
from a sport of the rich to business
purposea No automobile has been
driven at the speed attained by that
whose wreck killed Charles Fair and
wife, but there have been a number of
fatal accidents, and no machines will
be suffered In America to repeat -the
speed -which cost- Fair his life. Massa
chusetts and Rhode Island are the only
states which have adopted a. general
law. fifteen miles an hour In the coun
try districts for both, and eight miles
In Rhode Island and ten miles In Mas
sachusetts In town. New York leaves
the regulation of speed to each town,
village or city. 'Other states have done
nothing. If these laws are rigidly en
forced with merciless fines for the first
offense and imprisonment for the sec
ond offense, the publlc might be fairly
well protected from this dangerous
nuisance which has come to stay. But
It is difficult to enforce such laws
against a band of reckless "sports" who
have "money to burn." In city and
town streets eight miles is enough, and
fifteen miles is enough on country roads,
but this limit Is sure to be exceeded.
In France such accidents as befell
Charles Fair are not exceptional, and
several have recently taken place In
Germany. A New Yorker was recently
fined In a London court for furious
speeding of his automobile. The New
York Evening Post points out that for
abuse of the public rights it is not
easy, to apply on the Continent of Eu
rope "the remedy of social ostracism"
which Is being used with great success
on Long Island, in the Berkshlres and
elsewhere in thl3 country. In Great
Britain, where the railroads are" man
aged so carefully that during 1901 out
of 1,500,000 passengers carried not one
was killed by a train accident, we may
be sure the public will Insist upon re
duolng the speed of the automobile to
the safety point.
The astonishing activity of thieves and
rounders at the Seattle Street Fair will
serve chiefly to remind Portlanders that
their own carnival, held two years ago,
closed with .an unbroken record for or
der and entire lack of criminal or dls
reputable accessories, official or lncl
dental. Confidence games and discred
itable exhibits of every sort were con
spicuous by their utter absence. Tfrls
year's carnival win be substantially
under the same management, and there
Is no reason to doubt that the standard
then set will be maintained.
Chicago has 300 cases of typhoid
fever; Washington has 200 cases. Ty
phold fever is conveyed by polluted
drinking water, Infected milk, from boIIs
saturated with Its germs, and by un
cooked vegetables. Flies can also carry
Infection. It Is clear from these facts
that while a good supply of pure drink
Ing water greatly lessens the danger
from typhoid fever, nevertheless other
things besides Impure water need to
be guarded against. Chicago has
good water supply and the city has
considerable typhoid.
The Washington Star's comment on
the Idaho ReDUbllcan platform. reDro-
rhirpfl In mir dfenatehes this mnrnlnc
la pertinent? and entirely justifiable.
Idaho has done something well calcu
lated to make the country forget the
odium accruing- to It from the Ignorant
attack of Dubois upon General Wheaton.
Wherever this brave and advanced ut
terance on the tariff crocs. It will comnel
attention and elicit approval. Farther
effect Is to be hoped for in Republican
platforms 3et to be written.
Governor La Follette has withdrawn
his vain opposition to Senator Spooner's
re-election none too soon. The protest
against Spooner's retirement has become
National and vehement. The Governor
has helped himself In public esteem
more than he has helped Spooner. He
could only have succeeded by persist
ence in discrediting his own faction
everywhere, even at home.
If Peter Beauchene had gone home,"a3
he should have done, to his wife and
child Friday night. Instead of getting
drunk In saloons, he would be alive and
well today and hl3 family would have
a bright instead of a clouded future.
And how about his boon companions of
thai fatal debauch? WilUthey resume
their habits or will they, take a warn
ing from his dreadful end?
A very good Indication of the true
character of the Power anti-merger pro
ceedlng 13 the strenuoslty with which
men like Cockran and Thomas rush to
deny their connection with It The
.whole Affair smacks stronger and
stronger of blackmail.
THINGS LOCAL AND OTHERWISE.
Within two months or 10 weeks the Fall
rains will begin, putting an end to Port
land's greatest charm the close touch
with Nature. For the succeeding six
months practically no more tramps in the
woods, no rowing or sailing, no rides In
open cars, no gathering of wild flowers.
none of the healthful, natural diversions
-which add to the joy of the multitude.
Because of our Winter rains. Innocent
out-of-door recreation la almost impos
sible, and it Is pertinent to Inquire wheth
er It would not be worth while to make an
effort to provide wholesome Indoor enter
tainment for the youth of Portland on
Sunday afternoons. I mean the homeivsa
big boys and young men with sound body,
active brain and good heart, who are here
by the thousand; not precisely homeless,
but without parental guidance.
''Docs not the Young Men's Christian
Association supply this need?" Is a natu
ral interrogative. Every candid observer
will vouch for the moral efficiency of this
great organization In every city peopled
by Anglo-Saxons. It Is doing wonderful
things also In practical education, and
of lato years has taken hold of athletics In
a masterful way. Its one weak point 13 that
It does not reach low enough. It does
not stoop. Old residents of Portland will
remember how 25 years ago the Y. M. C.
A., under the leadership of men like Will
iam Wadhams and the late Captain M. C.
Wilkinson, did part of the work now rele
gated to the Salvation Army. Youths not
accustomed to starched linen fight shy of
such fine architectural and decorativo en
vironment as marks the new building at
Fourth and Yamhill.
While one central organization Is suffi
cient for Portland or a city of half a
million, one building is not enough. There
should bo at least four branches one In
the "tenderloin" district north of Burn
side and east of Sixth, one in South Port
land, one on the East Side, and one in
Albina. The Men's Resort in North Third
street, established by the First Presby
terian Church, is doing the work that
the Y. M. C. A. Is specially fitted for. Fine
buildings are not needed. Ventilation,
warmth and light are the only essentials.
If the Y. M. C. A. should undertake the
suggested expansion, there would be cer
tainty of pure moral atmosphere, which
every young man In every walk of life
ought to breathe. Under wise manage
ment these branches could be made part
ly. If not wholly, self-sustaining.
The youth who carries a night key will
agree with you when you tell him that a
good book is his best companion, days,
nights and Sundays, but it Is the excep
tional youth who seeks this companion
ship, and if he does he still has time for
recreation. The average youth finds It
not so easy to "kill time" Sunday after
noon In rainy weather as it Is to occupy
his evenings, and he seeks recreation
where there is -warmth and light and hu
man companionship. To secure these he
endures foul atmosphere when If left to a
choice he would prefer pure moral air.
In Portland, as la all other seaports,
there are forms of Imported vice that do
not spread to the Interior a certain law
lessness classified by statute as misde
meanors. Temptations, too, there are,
known only where deep-sea ships come
and go. Therefore greater need exists
for enlarging the good work of the Young
Men's Christian .Association in Portland.
It Is not to our credit that we have al
lowed Liverpool to take the Initiative -In
establishing a Seamen's Institute here.
though we may plume ourselves on having
lent ample aid to this sailors' clubroom.
Portland Is not unmindful of the obllga
tlon to her youth. I believe that amove-
rnent looking to the enlargement of the
Y. M. . C. A.'s .zone of usefulness would
receive hearty support. I have seen too
many young men, fitted for exemplary
life, fall Into evil ways simply because
they did not know what to do with them
selves Sunday afternoons.
Not long ago there was printed In this
column a statement that Frank W. Petty
grove, soon after he bought tho townsito
of Portland, "conceived the Idea of build
ing a wagon road from the river west
ward to Tualatin Plains, that ho made a
survey showing the road to be feasible,
and from his own funds built the road."
Mr. George H. HImes', assistant secretary
of the Oregon Historical Society, seems to
doubt this statement. In a communica
tion to Tne Oregonlan he says: "In the
Interest of accurate historical statement.
I should like to Inquire the source of the
authority for the statetment." My au
thorlty Is Frank W. Pettygrove himself.
He told mo all about It when ho visited
Portland on the occasion of a pioneers'
reunion In 1SS1 or 1SS2. L.
A Midsummer Reverie.
J. T. Trowbridge.
Around this lovely valley rise
The purple hills of paradise.
Oh, eoftly on yon banks of haze.
Her rosSr face fair Summer lays.
Eec&lmed along the azure sky
The argosies of cloudland lie.
Whose shores, with many a. shining rift.
Far off their pearl-white, peaks uplift.
Through all the lone midsummer day
The meadow sides are sweet with hay.
I seek the coolest sheltered eat
Just where the field and forest meet
Whese grow the pine trees tall and bland,
The ancient oaks austere and grand;
And frlngy roots and pebbles fret
The ripples of Ufa rivulet.
I watch the mowers as they go
Through the tall grass, a white-sleeved row.
With even strokes their scythes they swing.
In tune their merry whetstones ring;
Behind the nimble youngsters run.
And toss the thick swaths In the sun;
Tho cattle graze, while, warm and still.
Slopes the broad pasture, basks the Mil.
And bright, when Summer breezes break.
The green wheat crinkles like a lake.
The butterfly and bumblebee
Come to the pleasant woods with me;
Quickly before me runs the "quail. !
Her chickens skulk behind the rail;
High up the lone wood-pigeon sits, 1
And the woodpecker pecks and flits.
Sweet woodlofid music sinks and swells;
The brooklet rings ita tinkling bells;
The swarming -Insects drone and hum.
The partridge beats hi throbbing drum;
The squirrel leaps among the boughs.
And chatters In his leafy house.
The oriole flashes by; and look!
Into the mirror of the brook.
Where the vain bluebird trims his ccat.
Two tiny feathers fall and float.
As silently, as tenderly.
The dawn of peace descends on me.
Oh. this !s peace! I have no n-eod
Of friend to talk or book to read;
A dear companion here abides
Close to my thrilling heart he hides;
The holy science In His voice;
I muse and listen and rejoice.
A Retrospect.
Walter Savage Landor.
There aro como wishes that may start
Nor cloud the brow nor sting the heart. -Gladly
then would I see how smiled
One who now -fondles with her child;
How smiled she but six years ago.
Herself a child, or nearly so.
Yes, let me bring before ray sight
The silken tresses chain" d up .tight,
Tho tiny fingers tlpt with red
By tossing up'the strawberry-bed; !
Half-open Hps, long violet eyes,
A little rounder with surprise.
And then (her chin against the knee)
"Mamma! who can that stranger be?
How grave the 3xnllo he smiles on met"
WHERE ROLLS THE OREGON.
Random Notes from Lewis and Clark's Journal.
Lewis and Clark have put up three
prominent milestones in the record of
their journey across the continent. Oni
the first Is marked the date when tho
Kocky Mountains, tho great .continental
divide, rose above the horizon. May 26.
1SGS; on the second when they crossed
that divide to the other slope, where the
waters ran away before them Into the'
Pacific Ocean, August 11. and on the third
when they first saw the Pacific Ocean, 1
November 7.
These goals marked successive stages
In the ambition of Lewis and Clark. The
Journey of exploration was the great work
of their lives, and its success was to be
tho1 crowning achievement of their exist
ence. As each goal was reached, tho de
light of the explorers found Its way Into
their Journal. And even In cold, deadJ
type, at a distance of nearly 100 years,
their sensations stimulate the zeal of thei
reader and make his blood tingle with
their sympathetic thrill. 1
At the mouth of Cow Creek, In Central
Montana, on the Missouri River. Captain
Lewis caught the first glimpse of the
Rockies. He ascended the highest summit
of the hills that were on the north side
of the river. Spread out before him
against the western horizon was the ob-'
ject of all our hopes and the reward of
all our ambition," says the Journal.
"When I viewed these mountains I felt
a secret pleasure in thus finding myself
so near the head of the hitherto con
ceived boundless Missouri." writes Cap
tain Lewis in the- half-melancholy vein
which so distinguished him from Captain
Clark. "But when I reflected on the
difficulties which this snowy harrier
would most probably throw in my way
to the Pacific, and the sufferings and
hardships of myself and party In them.
It In some measure counterbalanced the
joy I had felt in the first moments In
which I gazed on them; but as I have
always held it a crime to anticipate evils.
I will believe It a good, comfortable road
until I am compelled to believe differ
ently." This is a scene worthy of the best
painter to depict on canvas, and of the
best wrltor to describe In history, poetry
and romance.
Just as Captain Lewis was the first to
see the great divide, so he was the first
to cross it. In Lemhi Pass he stood with
one foot on tho Atlantic Slope and one on
the Pacific The raindrop on this divide
flowed half Into- the Missouri River and
Gulf of Mexico, and half Into the Colum
bia River and Pacific Ocean. He had
gone on ahead -of the main party to blaze
a trail over the mountains. The thread
of the great Missouri had grown smaller
and smaller until It lost Itself in a spring
of clear water that bubbled out of one
of the folds of the mountains.
"Thus far I had accomplished one of
those great objects on which my mind
had been unalterably fixed for many
years," says Captain Lewis in recording
his feelings. "Judge, then, of the pleasure
I felt In allaying my thirst with this pure
and Ice-cold water. Two miles below Mc
Neal had exultlngly stood with one foot
on each side of this little rivulet and
thanked his God that he had lived to be
stride the mighty and heretofore deemed
endless Missouri."
Just beyond this spring was tho back
bone of America. Over and down the
other side passed the Captain, the first
man who had ever scaled the barrier. -A
rivulet of the Lemhi River that feeds
the Salmon, Snake and Columbia Rivers
Invited him onward. Down this he Jour
neyed to the Lemhi. Here he found final
proof that ho was on the Pacific Slope.
The proof was a piece of roasted salmon
given to him by an Indian.
Meanwhile Captain Clark,- In command
of the main party, had been tolling up
the other sldo of the mountains. His
progress had been very 6low and labori
ous. Captain Lewis, by means of arti
fice and persuasion, had induced Chief
Cameahwait, of the Shoshones, to accom
pany him back to Captain Clark's party.
In order that the Indians might guide and
transport them over the mountains. On
August 19 the company left behind the
slopes of the Missouri.
The day before was one of significance
to Captain Lewis. There he was on tha
dividing line of the continent. But ltwa3
more than this; It was the dividing line
of his career his birthday. With It came
a higher horizon. A wider consciousness
of the world spread out before him from
his high point of vantage. His blrthday
hrought to him a wider consciousness of
himself.
"This day I completed my 31st year,"
he writes, "and conceived that I had in
all probability now existed about half the
period which I am to remain in thl3 sub
lunary world. I reflected that I had as
yet done but little very little. Indeed to
further the happiness of the human race
or to advance the Information of the suc
ceeding generation. I viewed with regret
the many hours I have spent In indolence,
and now sorely feel the want of that In
formation which those hours would have
given me, had they been Judiciously ex
pended. But since they are passed and
cannot be recalled. I dash from me the
gloomy thought and resolve In future to
redoublo my exertions, and at last to
promote those two primary objects of
human existence by giving them the aid
of that portion of my talents which Na
ture and fortune have bestowed upon mo,
or In future to live for mankind aa I
have heretofore lived for myself."
Poor Lewis! He was not to live In hi3
new world of consciousness long. Four
years and two months later he passed
beyond the great dlvld whose other
slope draws off we know not where. Ha
had already nearly reached the end of
"the period which" he was "to remain
In this sublunary world."
A pathetic Incident marks the parley
with the Shoshone Indians. It was the
meeting of Chief Cameahwait and his
sister, Sacajawea. Tho woman had been
taken prisoner In girlhood, and had been
married by a Frenchman named Chabo
neau, who bought her from her Indian
captors. Sacajawea accompanied Lewis
and Clark all the way across the conti
nent and back again, with a baby in her
arms. The woman contributed more than
a man's share to the success of the ex
pedition, and had more worth than her
dlscivlllzed husband.
Sacajawea was acting as Interpreter In
a conference with the Shoshones. All at
once she ran toward Cameahwait and
embraced him. She threw her blanket
over him and wept profusely. The chief
was moved, but In less degree. "She at
tempted to Interpret for us, but her new
situation seemed to overpower her and
she was frequently Interrupted by her
tears."
Without and Within.
A FBAGMENTt
Abraham Cowley.
Lovo In her sunny eyes doth basking play;
Love walks the pleasant mazes of her halrt
Loves does on both her Hps for ever stray.
And sows and reaps & thousand kisses there;
In all ber outward parts love's always eeea;
But oh! he never went within.