THE SUNDAY OEEGONIAN, PORTLAND, JULY 27, 1902.
MAKE DASH FOR LIBERTY
STRIKERS ARE ARRESTED, DUT
SUCCEED IX ESCAPING.
V
Officers Take Them in Charge for
Trying to Run a Man Out of
Tlielr District.
TAMAQUA, Pa., July 26. Thl3 evening
about CO strikers captured William Egan,
a. Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company
brakeman, and made an attempt to march
him out of the region. "When they reached
a point near Mauch Chunk they were met
by about 20 deputies armed with "Win
chester rifles. At the point of their guns
the officers marched the men to a train
which was in waiting, and took them to
Lanford. "When they arrived there a large
crowd of strikers gathered about the train
and ir.ade a demonstration. The doputles
surrounded the prisoners and, keeping the
crowd back by leveling their guns at them,
took up the march to the jail. About 8
o clock the deputies made an effort to
take the prisoners fo the office of a Justice
of the Peace. When they reached the
principal part of the town the crowd
pressed in and the prisoners made a dash
for liberty, all but 17 of them making
their escape. At present the town is In
a state of turmoil, and serious 'rioting Is
ttared.
MAY IMPEACH JACKSOX. '
Miners WrouKht Up Over Parkcw
linrff Decision.
INDIANAPOLIS. July 26. Miners' offi
cials are preparing a transcript with a
view of bringing impeachment proceed
ings against Federal Judge Jackson, at
Parkersburg, who restrained them from
holding meetings to induce men to quit
work, and imprisoned a number of the or
ganizers for violating an Injunction. The
plan of action is not definitely outlined,
but it Is probable that the Impeachment
proceefllngs will be begun soon if Judge
Jackson, after a final hearing, refuses to
dissolve the Injunction.
Secretary "Wilson admitted today that
the miners' committee contemplatn this
course, and a complete transcript of the
case, including the complaints and Judge
Jackson's decision, wlll.be prepared for
submission to President Roosavelt and
the Senate. The miners also Intend to
give the public the evidence in the case.
Wilson says that the miners will not ask
the President to interfere with the in
junction, as he says they realize the
President is without power to annul in
junctions, but if the habeas corpus pro
ceedings fail to release the organizers
the President will be asked to pardon
them. The habeas corpus proceedings will
be begun as soon as the papers can be
made out.
Today was one of the busiest at the
headquarters of the United Mineworkers
since the convention adjourned. Contri
butions to the strike fund came in more
rapidly than on the opening day. No fig
ures wore given out In regard to three
large donations. Three locals at Centralia
and Spring Valley. 111., and Frontenac,
Ivan., each sent checks for $1000. The total
receipts have now passed the $200,000 mark.
CASES OF COXTE3IPT.
Hard-Fotifrbt Lejral "Battle Expected
at Churleston.
CHARLESTON. W. Va., July 26. The
contempt cases of District President John
P. Richards and others promise to be
a legal battle lasting through next week.
The hearing commenced today in the Fed
eral Court before Judge Keller. Attor
neys for Richards sought to test the ju
risdiction of the court, but Judge Keller
rt fused to consider the point. Justus
Collins, president of the complaining- coal
company, was on the stand testifying all
the afternoon. Attorneys for Richards
stated in court that they expected to
prove that the complaining coal company
employed as guards ex-convicts, men ca
pable of assault, and who were in the
habit of committing assault, and armed
them, with the intention of provoking the
strikers to a breach of the peace, and
that the loaders of the strikers, Richards
and others, counseled the strikers to be
orderly and not allow the guards to In
cite them.
Judge Keller said that It could not be
proved that the complainants had done as
alleged, but It could be proved that Rich
ards counseled the men to be orderly.
Attorneys for Richards will also seek to
proe that the Collins Colliery Company
gave liquor to the men who have been
at work in the mines since the strike
commenced, and that the men became
drunk and disorderly and caused trouble.
The attorneys on each side are making a
hard fight, and every point is reserved
for a contest in the higher courts.
RELIEVING STRIKERS.
Plans Under Considerntlon by lin
ers' Ofliclalx.
WILKESBARRE. Pa.. July 26. Presi
dent Mitchell was kept busy receiving
committees at strike Headquarters today.
A committee from the stationary firemen
spent some time with him. It is under
stood that the Indianapolis convention
made no provision for the firemen, but It
is understood they will receive the same
provisions as the miners. A committee
from Nantlcoke explained to President
Mitchell that men with large families
should receive the first consideration, and
that the relief given them should be
larger than that given to men with small
families.
President Mitchell tonight had a con
ference with District Presidents Nichols
and Fahey and National Board Member
John Fallon. It is understood the matter
under discussion was the various relief
plans which the local assemblies of United
MIneworkors have proposed for the dis
tribution of provisions to the strikers. It
Is expected that the executive board,
which is composed of President Mitchell
and the district presidents, will make
some kind of recommendation Monday
which the local boards will carry out in
the work of giving relief.
Mr. Mitchell was asked whether It was
true that the United MIneworkors had
employed counsel for the purpose of Im
peaching Judge Jackson, of West Vir
ginia. He replied that' ho had heard
nothing of such a move.
New York' Coal Famine.
NEW 'YORK. July 26. Predictions that
anthracite coal will be $10 a ton within
4R hours were made by one of the largest
wholesalo dealers in this city. The .state
ment was made aftor reports -were re
ceived showing that the local market is
absolutely barren, of coal. An indication
of the extent of the coal famine comes
from Plalnfield, N. J., In a dispatch
which says there is less than 100,000 tons
of anthracite in the yards there and for
the first time in the history of the yards
soft coal, has been stored in them and
one-half of the total amount in store is
bituminous. There are now in Port Nor
ris, N. J., abeut 7500 tons.
A shipment of Welsh anthracite Is re
ported to bo on its way here from Cardiff
for useion the engines of the Manhattan
Railway Company.
Refcwes to Accept Reduction.
NEWCASTLE, Pa.. July 26. John Ed
ward Lodge, of the Amalgamated Associ
ation, composed of the employes of the
Shenando tin mill here, the largest in the
world, today announced that it would not
accept the 25 per cent reduction proposed
by the American Tinplato Company. The
vote was taken by separate ballot.
Aid for the Strikers.
NEW" YORK, July 26. A committee ap
pointed by the Central -Federated Union to
devise .ways and means of aiding the
striking anthracite miners has decided to
levy a per capita, assessment of 5 cents
per member per week to continue while
the strike lasts.
FIGHT WITH OUTLAWS.
Leader of Band of Horsethleves and
Several of II in Men Captured.
GUTHRIE, O. T.,"july 26. Another des
perate battle was fought on Caddo County
soil at sunrise today between Sheriff Jim
Thompson and Deputy Sheriff Smith and
a band of horsethleves under the leader
ship of Charles Johnson, an alleged Mex
ican outlaw, for whom a reward is offered.
The officers reached the pasture, whore
the horaethieves had rounded up a bunch
of stolen animals. Johnson and several of
his men were wounded and captured, and
their horses and their guns wero confis
cated. The officers escaped unwounded.
The fight occurred on the South Canadian
DARIXG AS TRACT.
Chase of a Xeffro Murderer In Weit
i Virginia.
PHILLIPPt, W. Va., July 26. The real
assassin of Chief of Police Wllmoth has
been located, and officers with .blood
hounds are on the trail. With the "daring
and desperation of Tracy, the negro mur
derer, heavily armed, is terrorizing the
people and steadily pushing his way up
the mountains. His name is not known
and the only point of Identity is his re
ported confession to another negro, whom
he was trying to take with him. He was
located by the authorities on the Roaring
Creeks & Charleston Railroad, about 30
miles northwest on .Womelsdorf.
A large posse is on his trail, and If he
is taken he will probably share the hor
rible fate of his companions. Negroes con
tinue to leave.
Strangled Her Children.
NEW YORK, July 26. Richard Meade, a
nlghtwatchman, on returning to his home
in Brooklyn today, found his two daugh
ters, the elder 3 years of age, dead from
strangulation, caused by twine tightly
tied around their throats.
A third child, a mere baby, was uncon
scious from the same cause, and his wife
lay in a comatose condition on the floor,
apparently suffering from alcoholism,
combined with poison. The supposition
is that the woman strangled the children
while in a delirious condition. '
The youngest child was still alive and
was removed to a hospital with the moth
er. The baby's injuries are probably fa
tal, as the cord had cut deep Into its
throat.
RAIN STORMS IN TEXAS.
Deluge In the Centrnl Part of the
State Ilns Xot Abated.
DALLAS, Tex., July 26. The deluge of
rain which has been pouring over Central
Texas since Thursday has not abated. In
addition to three lives lost at Stcphens
ville, reported last night there has been
much property damaged. Within four
horn's at Cameron yesterday 15 Inches of
rain fell. A thousand feet of the Santa
Fe tracks was carried away and a portion
of the Aransas Pass Road destroyed. Lit
tle River rose 20 feet in eight hours and
is now bankful, but slowly receding. The
streets of Cameron are badly damaged,
and farms In the bottom lands are being
flooded.
At Galesvllle, 10 Inches of rain fell. Two
Texas & Pacific passengV trains were
tied up at Weatherford all day yesterday.
Big Springs is Probably the greatest
sufferer from the-' flood, from a property
standpoint, as the water Is over the town
from four to 22 feet deep. The track for
10 miles west of Big Springs has been
washed out, and the bridges are gone.
Fifty passengers are waterbound here, and
no attempt will be made to run trains
until the water recedes. The damage will
be enormous.
At Waco, the Brazos was still rising at
midnight, and is within on foot of the
danger line. It is still raining there.
"Water Falling: Slovrljr.
BIG SPRINGS, Tex., July 26. The water
is falling very slowly. All the railroad
property and some of tho business houses
and residences are still under water. The
warehouses of the Matthews-Walcott
Company and J. & W. Fisher were flood
ed and the losses will be heavy. The total
damage will aryount to over $200,000. The
Texas & Paclc Railroad is the largest
loser- . r4i.i4
Terrific Storm in Xetv York.
CANANDAIGUA, N. Y., July 26. An
other terrific storm visited this section
last night, doing great damage to crops
and property that had not already suf
fered. Edward Chamberlain was struck
by llghtrting and Instantly killed. Canan
dalgua Lake has risen atill higher. The
damage on hundreds of farms is irrepar
able. From every part of the country
come reports that wheat is sprouting In
the shock and that a serious blight has
struck the apple trees.
APPROVES GLENN FINDINGS
But President Disapproves Court's
Action In (Took Case.
WASHINGTON. July 26. The President
has returned to the War Department the
cases of Major 'Edwin S. Glenn, Fifth In
fantry; First Lieutenant Julian Gaujot,
Tenth Cavalry, and Lieutenant Nor
man G. Cook, Philippine scouts. Glenn
was found guilty by the courts and sen
tenced to be suspended for one month
and to forfeit $50 of his pay; Gaujot was
found guilty and. sentenced to suspension
for three months and to forfeit $50 per
month during that period. Cook was ac
quitted. The President approves the finding in
the case of Major Glenn and Lieutenant
Gaujot and disapproves the action of th
court in the case of Lieutenant Cook. He
made no comment on the case whatever,
beyond the approval in the two cases and
disapproval of one.
Glenn was tried by court-martial for
administering the water cure to the
presidente of Igbares, and Gaujot for ad
ministering the cure to three natives.
Lieutenant Cook was tried on the charge
or ordering three natives to be shot by
the Macabebe ecouts.
John J. Drake's Home Burned.
NEW YORK, July 26. The large colo
nial mansion of John J. Drake, one of
the pioneer showmen of the United States,
at Rye, N. Y., has been destroyed by ftrej
together with its entire contents, which
consisted of curios from all parts of the
world and many gifts from European po
tentates. Mr. Drake, who is SO years of
age, has occupied the mansion half a cen
tury. He was rescued by means of a
ladder.
Eva Healy, of Syracuse, niece of Mr.
Drake's housekeeper, who was rescued
from the burning building, died shortly
afterward. The loss Is estimated at $75.
000. First Christian.
Today at the First Christian Church,
Rev. J. F. Ghormley will take for his
morning theme "The Fellowship." His
evening theme will be "Masterbuilders."
Special music at both services.
Do You Knotr Your Neighbors?
In a city a man may not know, his next
door neighbor. It is quite different in the
country. In some sections a man may
know every man, woman and child in the
county and be able to give the family his
tory of all his neighbors for three genera
tions back. In such a community a man
who bees a neighbor in trouble Is as
quick to help him out as he would be to
aid one of his own children. An instance
of this Is related by H. H. Seal a well
known merchant of Fortncr, Tenn. His
neighbor's wife was taken with a severe
attack of colic. On hearing of It he ran to
his store, got a bottle of Chamberlain's
Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy,
took it to the sick woman and gave her
three doses of it, and he thinks saved her
life. This was witnessed by all of his
neighbors. This remedy is for sale by all
druggists. Keep it in. your home. It will
save you trouble.
OUR NEEDLES AND PINS
GREAT GROWTH OF THE IXDUS
TRY IX THE UXITED STATES.
Since 1SGO It Has Increased From
Eight Establishments to 43
History of the Business.
"Needles and Pins" is the subJectof an
interesting bulletin recently Issued by the
Census Department. The report was pre
pared by Charles M. Karch under the di
rection of S. N. D. North, chief statisti
cian for manufactures of the Census Bu
reau. The report shows the great development
that has taken place in that Industry dur
ing the past 40 years. The Census Bureau
first took particular notice of the Industry
In 1SG0, although the manufacture of need
les and pins had been carried on In this
country prior to that time. In 1860 there
were but eight establishments engaged in
the industry, with a capital of $266,7J0. The
last report shows a capital of $3,235,153 In
Vested in the manufacture of needles and
pins by 43 establishments.
While tho number of establishments enu
merated In the report Is smaller by two
J than the number In 18)0. the amount of
capital Is greater by $1,455,059. and the
value of the products greater by $1,222,571.
The increase in the number of children
employed in the industry has alao been
noticeable. In 1SS0 there were but 20 en
gaged In the work; in 1200 there were 14L
Connecticut has the largest number of
these establishments, 13 being operated in
that state. The other 30 plants are divided
as follows: New York, 8; Massachusetts,
6; New Hampshire, 5; Pennsylvania, 4;
Missouri, 2; and one each In Illinois, Mary
land, Michigan, New Jersey. Vermont.
During the census year there were pro
duced 1.120,532 gross of needles, and 50,167,
S17 gross of pins, or practically two-thirds
of a gross of pins for every Individual In
the United States. The figures do not
represent the total number of gross of
needles and pins manufactured during the
census year, as It Is probable that many
establishments engaged In the manufac
ture of needles and pins In connection
with other industries failed to state that
fact, and reported them under all other
products.
The report also contains a general his
tory of the manufacture of pins and need
les, from which the following Interesting
extracts are copied:
The Manufacture of Pins.
The familiar and very commonplace ar
ticle known as a pin Is not without a his
tory and an ancestry as old as the oldest.
When pins were first used Is difficult to
determine, but it is safe to assume thai in
some form they-were used by our most
remote ancestors. Nature gave man the
pattern for a pin In the thorn, and the
first pin used was, undoubtedly this nat
ural article, but later other materials were
introduced for its construction. In the
overhauling of ancient xulns, pins made
of bone, ivory, bronze, copper, and iron
have been found. The most prominent
discoveries made In this line were In
Egyptian and Scandinavian tombs and on
sites of the ancient lake dwellings of Cen
tral Europe. From the lacustrine stations
in Switzerland alone more than 10,000 pins
have been taken. These ancient pins are
In various forms, and in cases where the
ornamental head Is used they are very
curious and beautiful. They are longer
than those now in use and differ
from the modern pattern in that
they taper gradually from the head
to the point. Some were found in
Central Europe with double stems like the
modern hairpin, and a few were found at
Peschiera, Italy, fashioned like the mod
ern safety-pin. Many of tho single
stemmed pins varied In thickness, and
others had heads formed of a loose ring
in an eye at the blunt end.
In ancient and -medieval times pins were
made of bronze, and this was the principal
material used until metallurgy had ad
vanced far enough to give a better mate
rial in brass. It is said that the early
Anglo-Saxons and Britons used ribbons,
loopholes, clasps, hooks and eyes, and
skewers of wood, bone, brass, silver, or
gold for their fastenings instead of pin"?.
The brass-wire pin Is supposed to be an
invention of the French, although by some
authorities It is credited to the Dutch.
In England pins of iron wire were made
during the 15th century, but the brass-wire
pin was unknown until 1543, 'when it was
brought from France by Catharine How
ard. The Invention of the process of wire
drawing marked tho beginning of the mod
ern pin manufacture. The process origi
nated in France and Germany, and for
two centuries these countries monopolized
all Industries dependent upon It. The first
man to manufacture brass pins In Eng
land was John Tilsby, who, In 1626, estab
lished a plant in Gloucestershire, where he
met with remarkable success, and his
make of pins became famous. By 1636 the
Industry was so well established that the
plnmakers of London formed a corpora
tion, and the trade soon found Its way to
Bristol and Birmingham, where. In con
nection with other iron-work manufac
ture, the industry became localized. In
those cities pins were made for some time
by hand labor. The construction of a sin
gle pin required from 14 to IS different
operators, and Involved the following pro
cesses: Straightening and cutting the
wire; cutting, printing, twisting the
heads; cutting the heads; annealing the
heads; stamping or shaping the heads;
cleaning the pins; whitening or tinning
tho pins; washing, drying and polishing;
winnowing and pricking the papers to
receive the pin. This method was im
proved upon by Timothy Harris In 1797,
who made the solid-headed brass pin by
laying the blanks into a two-part mold, in
which prints representing the heads were
cut. When the mold was closed an alloy
of lead and antimony was poured In. and
as soon as the pins were released the
"gets" were cut off. and the pins were
cleansed by immersion in a solution of
sulphuric acid and water, and then dipped
into a solution of sulphate of copper and
finished in the same way as other brass
pins.
William. Bundy a few years later had a
method of heading which was the modern
process in embryo. The wire was thick
ened by pressure into a collar on which
the head rested to prevent its slipping
down, and then the head was placed on
the shank In a die, whllo another die,
working in a fly press, descended and
compressed the top of the wires, thus se
curing the attachment of tho wire head
to the shank.
In 1812 Bradbury and Weaver conceived
tho idea of heading "by means of an auto
matic machine." After the shanks were
pointed and the heads prepared they were
put Into separate hoppers, where a me
chanical device placed the shank and head
Into relation with each other. In this po
sition the pins were pressed by screws
against dies, which made the head and
bound It to the shank, -alien they were
withdrawn by hooks operated upon by
parallels worked by the machine.
In 1824 W. L. Wright, an American, a
native of New Hampshire, invented the
solid-headed plnmaklng machine, which
entirely revolutionized the pin manufac
ture. He did not have his machine patent
ed in America, but took it to England and
put it into operation. He formed in Lon
don a company with a largo capital, and
built a good-sized factors in Lambeth-. A
plant was fitted up at great expense with
60 machines, but they were never put into
successful operation, as they failed in
pointing the pin. Although Wright reme
died this defect by a supplemental ma
chine, tho company did not succeed, ana
suspended operations, with a great loss to
those interested ia the enterprise. Fortu
nately, In the readjustment of the com
pany's affairs, the machinery fell into the
hands of D. F. Taylor, who, by interest
ing capitalists In the enterprise, brought
about the formation of a company known
as D. F. Taylor & Co.. which In 1S33 put
upon the market the first machine-made
J soIid-headed pins sold anywhere In. the
world. The company met with remark
able success, and machinery soon replaced
the hand method In the leading English
plnmaklng establishments.
The man who did more to place the
manufacture of pins by automatic ma
chinery on a practical and successful basis
in thl& country than any other one indi
vidual was Dr. J. I. Howe. In 1830 he be
gan his labor In this direction, spending
some of his time in Europe studying the
methods employed there, and by the year
1S32 he had patented in this country,
France and England, a machine designed
to make pins similar to the English dia
mond pins, with heads fdrmed of colls or
small wire, fastened upon the shank by
pressure between died. He brought the
business to a successful issue in 1S26. when
the Howe Manufacturing Company was"
formed in New York and began operations
at Birmingham, Conn. At first automatic
spun-head machines were used, but in 1840
they were converted into solid-headed ma
chines. Theso flatter machines at first
made from 40 to 50 pins per minute. They
were later Improved so that they made
from 60 to 70 per minute.
About 1835 Samuel Slocum, an American,
obtained a patent In England for a ma
chine to make solid-headed pins. In 1838
he began with this machine the manufac
ture of pins In Poughkeepsle, N. Y. As
he never had the machine patented here,
it was operated secretly for a number of
years. Until 1842 the industry made little
progress because of discriminating tariffs.
In this year, however, a new tariff law
went Into effect, which was more favor
able to this industry than the previous
tariff act, and tho above-named compa
nies did a very profitable business. In
the year 1850 there were four establish
ments engaged In this Industry, and the
success attending them led to further Im
provements In the machines. A Mr. Fow
ler and a Mr. Atwood perfected machines
to make ICO to 170 pins ,a minute, which,
on account of their capacity, soon replaced
tho early machines.
Following the successful introduction or
a machine for making the pins, the next
important step was to invent a machine
that would stick them on paper. Howe
and Slocum gave their attention to this
matter as early as 1840. Dr. Howe Invent
ed the device for crimping the paper, and
this was followed by the distributor of
Mr. Slocum. The two Inventions were
combined, and effected a great Increase
In the number of pins that could be stuck
on paper in a day. These devices were
Improved upon by De Grasse Fowler, who
Invented the "gooseneck" or "runway."
For many years the sticking machines
consisted of a combination of these three
devices, but more recently machines of
various styles have come into use That will
stick from 500 to 600 packages a day, far
more than the early combined machine of
Howe, Slocum and Fowler.
The old process of pin manufacture by'
manual labor was very slow and tedious,
since each pin passed through the hands
of from 14 to IS Individuals. The modern
pin Is made In the United States by the
Improved Atwood or Fowler machines.
The process of pin manufacture by mod
ern machines may be briefly described as
follows: Coils of wire are placed upon a
reel, wlience the wlrd Is drawn automatic
ally by a pair of pincers between fixed
studs that straighten lp A pin length is
then seized by a pair of lateral Jaws, from
which a portion of the wire Is left pro
jecting, when a snaphead dlo advances
and partially shapes the head. The blank
Is then released and pushed forward about
one-twentieth of an Inch, when the head
Is given another squeeze by the same die.
By this repetition of the motion the head
is completed, and the blank Is cut off the
wire in the length desired. About one
eighth of nn inch of wire Is required to
make a plnhead. If the attempt wert
made to upset this with a head in one
motion the wire would be more likely to
double up than to thicken as desired.
These headed blanks then drop Into a
receptacle and arrange themselves In the
line of a slot formed by two Inclined and
bevel-edged bars. The opening between
the bars Is Just large enough to permit the
shank of the pin to fall through, so that
the pins are suspended In a row along
the slot. When the blanks reach the lower
end of the Inclined bar In their suspended
position they are seized between two parts
of the machine and passed along, rotat
ing as they move, In front of a cylind
rical cutter, with sharp grooves on Its
surface, that points tho pins. They are
then thrown from the machine properly
shaped, and If they are brass pins they
are cleaned by being boiled in weak sour
beer. After they are cleaned they are
coated with tin. This is done by placing
alternate layers. of pins and grain tin In
a copper can and adding water, along with
some bltartrate of potash. Heat applied
to this produces a solution of tin, which
Is deposited on the surface of the pins.
The pins are then taken from this solu
tion and brightened by being shaken In
a revolving barrel of bran or sawdust.
Lastly the operation of "papering" takes
place. This process Is performed now by
an automatic papering machine some
thing In tho following manner: Tho pins
to be stuck are placed in a hopper. In con
nection with which a steel plate Is used,
with longitudinal silts corresponding to
the number of pins which form a row in
the paper. The pins In the hopper are
stirred up by a comb-like tool, the shanks
drop through the slits in the steel plate,
and the pins are suspended by their heads.
Long narrow sheets of paper arc pre
sented by the operator to the action of the
machine, by which two raised folds are
crimped, and the row of plna collected
in the slit steel plate. Is then, by being
subjected to the same action, pressed
through the two crimped folds. These op
erations are repeated until the requisite
rows of pins are stuck In each paper.
Needles.
Needle-making was one of tho first artB
practiced by man, and no doubt dates
back to the remote period when man first
strove to shape clothing to his figure.
Remains of civilized and uncivilized na
tions bear evidence of the use of needles
made of various materials. Some excel
lent specimens made of fish bone, horse's
bone, and bronze have been found in caves
near Brunequel, France, and on the sites
of the ancient lake dwellings of central
Europe. In Egyptian and Scandinavian
tombs bronze needles, varying In length
from 2 to 8 inches, have been found.
This material, which quite likely sug
gested Itself for use in needle manufac
ture because It was an alloy easily
worked, was for many centuries the ma
terial principally used, especially among
tho early European and Western Asiatic
peoples. Whether other materials than
bone. Ivory and bronze wero used by
ancient nations for the construction of
the needle, wo have no means of knowing.
These early needles were clumsy affairs,
and during the Dark Ages were superseded
by steel needles.
The steel needle was Introduced" In Eu
rope by the Moors at the time of the
Saracen Invasion, but It Is not probable
that these people were tho Inventors, since
tho Chinese claim to have used steel
needles from time Immemorial. Gradually
the Industry spread from Spain, the home
of the Moorish artificers, to France and
Germany, and In the year 1370 steel
needles were made at Nuremberg, Ger
many, whose artisans at that time wero
more skilled In working metals than those
of any other European nation.
In Its primitive pattern the needle was
an awl-shaped instrument, which merely
perforated the materials meant to be
fastened together along their edges, so
that they could be laced together by hand.
As the use of this needle Involved two op
erations, it was soon displaced by a
needle which had a circular depression
near the blunt end for holding tho thread,
and thus" did away with the lacing opera
tion. Since this needle, though it did well
enough for coarse work, was Inadequate
for finer work, tho needle with the eye
was Introduced.
Since the Introduction of tho steel
needle the model has remained the same
and progress in the art of needle-making
has been confined to devices for perfect
ing the material used and the methods of
construction. In the early days of needle
manufacture, when the trade was prac
ticed at home or in small shops, the ma
terials and devices used were very crude.
I After the manufacture of the needle was
Thousands Have Kidney Trouble
and Don't Know it.
How To Find Out.
Fill a bottle or common glass with your
water and let It stand twerity-four hours; a
sediment or set
tling indicates an
unhealthy condi
tion of the kid
neys; if it stains
your linen it is
evidence of kid
ney trouble; too
frequent desire to
pass it or pain in
the back is also
convincing proof that the kidneys and blad
der are out of order.
What to Do.
There is comfort in the knowledge so
often expressed, that Dr. Kilmer's Swamp
Root, the great kidney remedy fulfills every
wish in curing rheumatism, pain in the
back, kidneys, liver, bladder and every part
of the urinary passage. It corrects inability
to hold water and scalding pain in passing
It, or bad effects following use of liquor,
wine or beer, and overcomes that unpleasant
necessity of being compelled to go often
during the day, and to get up many times
during the night. The mild and the extra
ordinary effect of Swamp-Root is soon
realized. It stands the highest for its won
derful cures of the most distressing cases.
If you need a medicine you should have the
best. Sold by druggists in 50c. and$l. sizes.
You may have a sample bottle of this
wonderful discovery
and a book that telta
more about it, both sent
absolutely free by mail.
Aaaress ur. turner 6c Homo of Swamp-Koos.
Co., Birighamton, N. Y. Vhen writing men
tion reading this generous offer In this paper.
Don't make any mistake, but remember
the name, Swamp-Root. Dr. Ivllmer's
Swamp-Root, and the address, Bingham
ton. N. Y., on every bottle.
started In plants provided with conveni
ences and facilities for Its- production, Im
provements were slowly Introduced in per
forming the different operations.
The most notable Improvements prior to
1870 may be summarized as fallows: Drill
eyed needles were first made in 1S26, and
were followed two years later by the.
burnishing machine, by means of which
the eye secures Its beautiful finish. In
1S40 the process of hardening in oil suc
ceeded the former method of hardening
In water, In which a large percentage of
the needles became crooked, so that their
straightening Involved considerable time
and expense. The stamp to Impress the
print ofj the groove and the press with a
punch to pierce the eye, thoush suggested
as early as 1S00, Were not in general use
until 1830, and by 1SS6 were superseded by
an automatic machine. In 1S39 a simple
method was Invented by a Mr. Morrall for
polishing many thousands of needles si
multaneously, and In 1S69 a machine was
brought out by a Mr. Lake for doing
many of the operations previously per
formed by hand. The more recent Im
provements have been made in devices for
heating and ventilating, and for getting
rid of the injurious dust which rises from
the emery wheel In the grinding process.
Needle manufacture as an Industry,
however, was not put on a permanent
basis In the United States until after 1S52,
when the peculiar kind of needles used
In machinery was introduced. As the sewing-
machine Is essentially an American
production, and the most Important feat
ure of the invention of the machine was
the needle constructed by Ellas Howe for
the making of the lock stitch, it wa3 very
natural that this part of the sewing
machine should be manufactured In this
country. It is estimated that from 6 to 8
per cent of all the operative labor involved
In the construction of the sewing machine
is employed In making tho needle. With
the successful manufacture of the dif
ferent varieties of sewing-machine needles
began the manufacture of needles for
knitting machines. As the demand for
sewing and knitting machines increased
f there was a corresponding demand for the
needles used In these machines, and the
Industry developed rapidly. '
In addition to the common household
sewing-machine needles there are needles
for use In sewing leather. Including many
varieties to suit the various machines.
Some of these needles. In distinction from
the common sewing-machine needles, have
a hook Instead of an eye. The material
to be sewed Is perforated with an awl,
and the thread Is then pulled through by
the hook. In most leather sewing ma
chines, however, the needle Itself per
forates the material and pulls the thread
through. The steel spring and latch
needles used In making hosiery and in
stockinet work are extensively manufac
tured In the United States.
In the course of the manufacture of
the sewing-machine needle It passes
through the following states: Blank, re
duced blank, reduced and pointed blank,
grooved, eye punched, hardened and tem
pered, hard burr dressed, brass brushed,
eye polished, first inspection, hard
straightened, finish pointed, and finished.
There are two methods In use for the
manufacture of the modern sewlng-ma-chlno
needle. In most respects these
processes are similar, but they differ In
the manner of forming the blade. In one
method the blade is formed by cutting
the blank down to Its required size, and In
the other method the wire is cut Into short
pieces about one-third the required length'
of the needle when finished, and then by
a process known as cold-swaging these
are brought to the proper length.
As modern machinery used In "the first
process mentioned Is largely of private
designs, the manufacture can not be de
scribed in detail, but it may fairly be
Inferred from the following method used
a few years age. At that time the needle
was made from tho best quality of crucl
blo steel wire, which was received In
colls, and after being straightened by
means of automatic machinery, was fed
into a machine devised to form the largo
end of the needle and cut off blanks of
tho required length. The blnnks were then
sent to machines, three In number, for
roughing, dressing and smoothing. The
first two worked with coarso and fine
emery wheels, respectively, and the third
with an emery belt. Into these machines
the blanks wero fed from a hopper onto
a grooved endless traveling carrier, which
exposed to the action of the emery wheel
that portion of the blank which was to be
reduced In diameter to form the shank,
of the needle. Tho portion not reduced
was that designed to bo placed In the
end of the needle bar of the sewing ma
chine. As the needlea passed the cmery
wheel they were rotated by a pair of re
ciprocating plates, so that they were
equally ground on all sides. After the
procesg was completed by the emery belt
in tho third machine, the needles were
passed on to another machine where the
taper pointing was done. When taper
pointed the blank was passed to a ma
chine where the two" grooves on the sides
of the needle were made by two circular
saws past which the blank was fed auto
matically. The saws were pretsod In
against the needles and then withdrawn
at such times as would give the required
depth and contour to the groove. The
eye was then punched by a belt-driven
punching machine, after which the needles
were heated to a cherry red In a reverber
atory furnace with a charcoal fire, taken
out and Immersed In whale oil. They
were then placed In sheet-Iron pans sus
pended from the arms of a revolving shaft,
and tempered In an oven heated by the
surplus heat of the furnace. Next the
needles were cleaned on an emery cloth,
being held In bunches of about 20 between
the finger and thumb and rotated while
being pressed upon the cloth. They were
then taken, with the grooves upward, by
flat-Jawed tongs carrying 70 at a time,
and held against a scratch brush of brass
wire, which revolved 8000 times a minute,
to polish the grooves. The brush of brass
wire was soon replaced by a bristle brush,
which finished the polishing of the grooves.
While yet held In the clamps these needles
J were threaded in gangs on cotton thread,
NOW IS THE T
TO TREAT AND CURE CATARRH
SPECIAL NOTICE-Office Hours From 9 A. M.
to 1 P. M. Evenings, Tuesday and Friday From
.6:30 to 8:30. Sunday From 9 A. M. to 12 M.
DISEASE DESCRIBED BY SYMPTOMS
The Proper Coarse for Sufferers.
Great numbers of people suffer from the
malign poisons of catarrh, as from other
chronic maladies, without any correct or
definite Idea of the nature of their af
fliction. The following symptoms have
been carefully arranged to enable many
sufferers to understand Just what it la
that alls them. Many diseases, known
under various specific names, are really
of a catarrhal origin and nature. Every
part of the mucous membrane, the nose,
the throat, eyes, ears, head, lungs, stom
ach, liver, bowels, kidneys and bladder.
CATARRH OF
HEAD AND THROAT
The head and throat become dis
eased from neglected colds, caus
ing Catarrh, when the condition of
the blood predisposes to this con
dition. "Is your voice husky 7"
"Do you spit up Bllmor
"Do you ache all over?"
"Do you snore at night?"
"Do you blow out scabs at night?
"1b your nose stopped up?"
"Does your nose discharge?"
"Does your nose bleed easily?"
"Is there tickling In the throat?
"Is this worse toward night?"
"Does the nose Itch and bum?"
"Do you hawk to clear the throat??
"Is there pain across the eyes?"
"Is there pain In front of hea'd?"
"Is jour sense of smell leaving?"
"Is the throat dry In tne mornlng?"
"Aro you losing your sense of taste?
"Do you sleep with your mouth open?"
"Does your nose stop up toward nlghtf
CATARRH OF
BRONCHIAL TUBES
This condition often results from
catarrh, extending from the bead
and throat, and if left unchecked,
extends down tbe windpipe into the
bronchial tube, and in time attacks
the lanes.
"Have you a cough?"
"Are you losing ilesh?"
"Do you cough at night?"
"Hao jou pain In aide?"
"Do you taki cold easily?
"la your appetite variable?"
"Have you stitches in Bide?"
"Do you cough until jou gag?"
"Are jou low-spirited at times?'
"Do ou raise frothy material?"
"Do jou spit up j-Ciiow matter ?
"Do jou cough in going to bed?"
"Do you cuugh In tne mornings?"
"is y&ur cough short and hacking?"
"Do you spit up little cheojy lumpa?
"Ha've you a. disgust for fatty foods?"'
"Is there, tickling behind the palate V
"Have jou pain behind breastbone?"
"Do jou fei you are growing weaker?"
"la there a burning pain In the throat?"
"Do you cough wors night and mornings?"
"Do you have to alt up at night to set
breath?"
SYMPTOMS OF
EAR TROUBLES
Denfnesi and ear troubles resnlt
from catarrh pasilug ulontf the Eu
Mtaekian tube that leads from, the
throat to the ear.
"Is your hearing falling?"
"Do jour ars clscharge?"
"Do your ears Itch and burn?"
"Are the ears dry and scaly?"
"Have jou pain behind th ears?"
"Is there throbbing in the ears 7"
"lo there a buzzing sound heard?" '
"Do you have a ringing In the eanT
"Are there crackling sounds heard?
"Is your hearing bad cloudy days?"
"Do you ha,e earache cccablonally?"
"Are there sounds like steam escaping?"
"Do jour ears hurt when you blow you-
nose?"
"Do you constantly hear noIiKs lc the ears?"
"Do you hear better some days than others?"
"Do tho noises in jour ears keep you
atvako?"
"When you blow your nose do the ears
crack?"
"Is hearing -worse when you have a cold?"
"Is roaring like a waterfall In the head?"
CATARRH OF
THE STOMACH
This condition may result from
several causes, but the usnal cause
is catarrh, the mucus drouplns
down into the throat and belnjr
swallowed.
"Is there nausea?"
"Are you costive?"
which was covered with oil and emery,
and then drawn back and forth in various
slanting positions so that the polishing
powder would act on all parts of tho eye.
AVhen removed from the thread the
needles were cleaned by a revolving hair
brush and the eyes, points and blades
Inspected. Imperfect ones were thrown
aside and the good ones sent tothe hand
stralghtener. who rolled them on "an anvil
at the level of the ej-e of an operator,
who detected any curvature and corrected
It by a tap of a small hammer. The final
operations were finish pointing, which was
done on a fine emery wheel, and finish
polishing, done by a. revolving hair brush
with crocus and alcohol.
In the second method of manufacture
the wire Is fed Into a machine called the
stralghtener and cutter, which straightens
the wire and cuts tho blanks into pieces
about one-third the length required for
the finished needle. The blanks are then
placed In small Iron cylinders rotated In
such a manner as to keep tho blanks in
constant friction, and thus remove the
scale and dirt. They are then ready for
the cold-swaging machine. The blanks
are placed In a hopper, from which they
are taken automatically, one at a time,
and their ends are presented to the ac
tion of a set of revolving sectional steel
dlea. By the constant opening and shut
ting of these dies while in rotation the
ends of the blanks are compressed and
drawn out to form the blades. After
swaging the blank Is stamped In order to
Identify It. In the process of swaging
there results a slight variation In tho
length of the needles, and they are
trimmed to a uniform length b the clip
ping and straightening machine. The
prominent feature of this machine Is the
SSSl Ss !53 S3 IS 3 2
H Hyp fey gig
feel the exquisite thrill of motherhood with indescribable dread and
c r;.,,E7.eiy wman should know that the danger, pain and horror
of child-birth can be entirely avoided by the use of Mother's Friend,
a scientific liniment for external use only, which toughens and renders
T"llirl fill tVia .-.not.. .
assists nature in its sublime Ki
,. j iu. uwuoauuj KSlSf
oi women nave oassed this sy?isl m.
... . ns m ;
great crisis in periect safety
and without pain. Sold at $1.00 per
bottle by druggists. Our book of priceless 7
value to all women sent free. Address
I BRADFIELD REGULATOR QQ Atlanta, 47a,
are subject to disease and blight by ca
tarrh. Tho proper courso for sufferers
Is this. Read these symptoms carefully
over, mark those that apply to your case
and bring this with you to Drs. Copeland
and Montgomery.
If yon live nvrny from the city,
end them by mall, nnd ask for mnll
treatment.
In either Instance, and whether by mall
or office treatment, the patient may bo
assured, of the speediest relief and euro
possible to medical science.
"Ia there vomiting?" ,
"Do j-ou belch up gaoT
"Have you waterbrash?1
"Are j-ou lightheaded?"
"Is your tongue coated?"
"Do you hawk and spit?"
"Ia thero pain after eating?
"Are you nervous and weak?"
"Do you hae aick headache?"
"Do you bloat up after ""nfW
"Is there disgust for breakfast?'
"Have jou distress after eating?
"Ia your throat rilled with slime?"
"Do you at times have diarrhoea?"
"Is there rush of blood to the head?
"When you get up suddenly are j-ou dizzy"-
"Is there gnawing sensation In stomach?"
"Do you feel as it j-ou had lead In stomach r-
"When stomach Is empty do jou feel faint ?"
"Do jou belch material that burns throat?"
"If stomach. Is full do you feel oppressed?"
CATARRH OF THE LIVER
The liver becomes diseased by ca
tarrh, extending; from tho stoznaoa.
into the tubes of tlie livsrA ....
"Axe you Irritable?'-
"Are y&u nervou?"
"Do you get dizzy?"
"Have you no energy r
"Do you have cold lcet?"1
"Do you feel miserable?"
"Is jour memory poor?
"Do you get tlied easily?'
"Do jou hae hot Uauhea?"
"Is jour ejesight blurred?"
"Have you pain in tho Dack? ,
"la jour ilesh sott and uabbj?
"Aro your spirit low at times V
"Is there bloating after eating?"
"Have you pain around the loins?
"Do j-ou have gurgling In bowels?"
"Do you have rumbling In bowels?"
"Is there throbbing In the stomach?"
"Do j'ou have a sense of heat la bo well?"1
"Do you suffer from pains in temples V
"Do you have a palpitation of tho heart?
"is tnera a general feeling of laasltudor-
"Do lues feelings aftect jour memory?-
CATARRH OF THE
KIDNEYS AND BLADDER
Catarrh of the kidneys and blad
der results In two ways, first by
talcing- cold; cconiI, by overworking
the kidneys in separating; from
the blood the poisonn that have
been absorbed from catarrh, whicl.
affects all organs.
"13 the skin pale and dry?"
"Has the skin a waxy look?"
'Is the hair dry and brittle?"
"Is the akin dry and hanh?"
"Do the legs feel too hea y?"
"Isherc nausea after eating?"
"Do the Joints pain and ache?"
"Is the urine dark and cloudy?"
"Are the ejes dull and staring?"
"Is there pain in small of tack?"
"Do jour bands and feet swell?"
"Are thej- cold and clammj?"
"Have you pain in top of head?"
"Has the per&plratlon a bad odor?"
"Is there pulHness under the ejes?"
"Ia there a bad taste In the mouth?"
"Is there a desire to get up at night?"
"Ars there da-k rings around the ejes?"
"Do you see spots floating before the ejs?"
"Have you. chilly feelings down the back?"
"Do you se unpleasant things while asleep?"-
"Does a deposit form when left standing"
Copeland Fee, $5.00 Month
Medicines Included, Until Cured.
CONSULTATION FREE.
Dr. Copelcnd's Book Free to All.
The Copeland Medical Institute
The Dekum. Third aui Washington
W. U. COI'ELAXD, 31. D. t
J. H. 3IOXTGOMERY, 31. D.
arrangement of the screw-feed for simul
taneously carrying the needles across, so
that the ends of the shanks are aligned
against a fence, and forward, so that tho
points are presented to a cutter, which
trims all to a uniform length. After pass
ing the cutter each needle is struck by
a die that stumps upon its shank the de
scriptive number. The other processes in
volved In this method of needle manufac
ture are similar to those described in tho
first method.
Since the Invention of these automatic
machines for the different processes, tho
mechanism employed han been so com
bined as to effect a transfer of the blank
from one cperatlon to the next without
the Intervention of hand labor. In such
combination of machinery thero has been,
marked development during the past 15
years, and the Industry has fully kept
pace with the progress of other wire
working processes.
THROUGH THE COLUMBIA RIVHR
GORGE.
A delightful trip of a few hours will
take you through the famous "Columbia
River Gorge." the greatest combination of
river and mountain scenery on earth. O
R. & N. train leaves Portland dally at D
A. M. Return can be made by steamer
from Cascade Locks. Special low rate3
for this trip. Get particulars at O. K. &
N. ticket ofllce. Third and Washington.
CHEAP RATES EAST.
The Rio Grande System announcea
greatly reduced excursion rates to East
ern points via the world-famed "Scenic
Line."
For particulars, call at or address the
ticket office. 121 Third street.
Is the joy of the household, for without
it no happiness can be complete. How
sweet the picture of mother and babe,
angels smile at and commend the
thoughts and asDirations of the mnrripr
bending over the cradle. The ordeal through
which the expectant mother must pass, how
ever, is so full of danger and suffering that
She looks forward tn thf Jinnr Trtinn c-l, r-UH
s HS 8 Jala sL sA&3 ? 1E3
al WUM M m PS SIS rtrSs
2&r a SSelcta W
IP ll il l IIS P
fe M, S. al:f i-S . - . -j 5 JSs ---5
m i3iigiliigp