THE. SUNDAY OKEGONIAtf, POBTLAD,. JULY 6, 1902.
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SUNDAY JULY G, 1002.
EARLY NEWSPAPERS.
'X single copy of a sheet printed at
; Boston in 1689, bearing the title, "The
'Present State of English Affairs," men
tioned yesterday In The Oregonlan, ias
Ibeen preserved. It is 9x13 inches In
tolse, and its contents consist of letters
or -excerpts from, lettera written by Rev.
Increase Mather, of Boston, then in
London. Some say this is the first
newspaper ever printed in English in
America. It might, indeed, be called a
news sheet, but no second issue of it
can be found, nor any reference to a
second or further issue. As the idea of
a newspaper involves continuous and
stated publication, this could scarcely
be called a newspaper.
If this single sheet, with its one issue,
be refused the title of newspaper, then
it will appear that there was not a
newspaper In the English colonies of
North America till April 24, 1704, when
the Boston News Letter appeared. This
was printed on a half sheet of pot
paper, with small-pica type, folio. It
contained an account of "The Pretender,
who stlled himself James the 8th of
Scotland," who was "sending popish
missionaries from France Into Scot
land," by which "the kingdoms of Scot
land and England are endangered."
This article, with the Queen's speech
(Anne's) to both houses of Parliament, a
few articles under the Boston head, four
short paragraphs of marine intelligence
from New York. Philadelphia and New
London, and one short advertisement,
formed the whole contents. The adver
tisement was that of John Campbell,
proprietor of the paper, as follows:
This News Letter is to be continued weekly;
end all Persons who have any Houses, Lands,
Tenements, Farmes, Ships, Vessels, Goods,
Wares or Merchandizes, &c, to be Sold or Lett,
or Servants Runaway, or Goods Stoll or Lost,
may have the same Inserted at a Reasonable
Bate; from Twelve Pence to Five Shillings,
and not to exceed: Who may agree with Nich
olas Boone for the same at his Shop next door
to Major Davis's Apothecary in Boston, near
the Old Meeting House.
The imprint is: "Boston: Printed by
B. Green; Sold by Nicholas Boone. All
persons in Town or Country may 'have
the News Letter "Weekly, upon Reason
able Tearmes, agreeing wlth John
Campbell, Post Master, for the same."
Bartholomew Green printed the News
Letter for Campbell until November 3,
1707. No. ISO, November 10, 1707r Is
"Printed by John Allen, in Pudding
Lane, near the Post Office, and there to
be Sold." In No. 190 Campbell Informs
"All who have a mind to encourage this
Letter of Intelligence" to agree with
him, "Post Master of New England at
Boston." Campbell published the paper
till the year 1722, when Bartholomew
Greene took It up. The paper was con
tinued by one and another till 1776,
when the publication ceased and never
was revived.
Several other newspapers had been
started Irs the meantime. The Boston
Gazette appeared December 21, 1719, and
continued 'till 1762. The New England
Courant made its appearance In Boston
August 17, 1721, by James Franklin,
brother of Benjamin Franklin, and was
continued, about six yeara James
Franklin at a subsequent period moved
to Newport and established the first
press in Rhode Island. This paper was
the Rhode Isand Gazette. It was start
ed September 27, 1732, but was discon
tinued after a few months. In Septem
ber, 1758, James Franklin, a" eon of the
publisher of the Rhode Island Gazette,
started the Newport Mercury. This
paper i3 still published.
In Philadelphia the American and
"Weekly Mercury was started December
22, 1719. by Andrew Bradford. It was
continued till 1740. The second news
paper in Philadelphia was the Pennsyl
vania Gazette, the first number of
which appeared December 24, 1728. At
this time Benjamin Franklin was In
Philadelphia, in partnership with Hugh
Meredith In the printing business.
Franklin already had formed the de
sign of publishing a newspaper, but
was prevented by the sudden appear
ance of this 'Gazette. Soon, however, he
and Meredith, for a trifling considera
tion, obtained possession of it. The Ga
zette, under their management, obtained
reputation and became profitable.
Meredith and Franklin separated in
May, 1732, and Franklin continued
the Gazette. Imprint: "Philadelphia;
Printed by B. Franklin, Post Master,
at the New Printing Office near the
Market, "Where Advertisements are
taken In, and Book-Binding Is done rea
sonably In the best manner." The
paper was continued by Franklin dur
ing a long period. It was put into
moumlng October 31, 1765, on acount of
the tamp act passed by the British
Parliament, and for a time the publi
cation was suspended. It reappeared
February 6, 1786, with the name of
David Hall, who had been a partner
with Franklin, as publisher. During
the occupation of Philadelphia by the
British troops, in the Revolutionary
"War, it was again suspended, but on the
departure of the British was again re
vived. The name was changed subse
quently, and the Saturday Evening
Post, still- published, is the lineal suc
cessor of Franklin's paper.
New Tork's first newspaper, the New
Tork Gazette, made its appearance Oc
tober 16, 1725. Thus it will be seen that
Boston and Philadelphia had news
papers earlier than New York. The
Gazette was published sixteen or"seven
teen years. New York's second news
paper wa3 the "Weekly Journal, started
October 5, 1733. It was published till
1751, when the following pathetic no
tice appeared, signed by the publisher,
John Zenger;
My subscribers are earnestly desired to pay
their Arrearages for this Journal, which. If
they don't speedily, I shall leave off sending,
and seek my money in another way. Some of
these kind customers are In arrear upwards of
seven years I Now as X have served them so
Ion?. I think It is time, ay, high time, too,
that they give me my outset; for thoy may
verily believe that my every-day cloathes are
almost worn out. X. B. Gentlemen, If you
have not ready money with tqu, still think of
the Printer, and when you hava read this Ad
vertisement and considered it. you cannot but
say. Come, Dame (especially you Inquisitive
wedded men, let the Batchelors take it to them
selves), let us send to the poor Printer a few
Gammons or some Meal, some Butter, Cheese,
Poultry. &C. In the meantime I am yours, &c
This appeal did not save the paper.
It perished a few months later. Sev
eral other papers were started in New
York before the Revolution, none of
which survives.
.Of newspapers started before the
Revolution, there are but two which are
still published under their original
names. One of these is the Newport
Mercury, heretofore mentioned, which
was started in 1758 by a nephew of
Benjamin Franklin; the other the Mas
sachusetts Spy, begun at Boston March
7, 1771, by Isaiah Thomas. This paper,
fiercely patriotic, was transferred to
"Worcester in 1775 to escape British cen
sorship or suppression, where it is still
published. The oldest newspaper in any
of our Southern States Is the Augusta
(Ga.) Chronicle, which was started, in
1786.' For the size of its town, it Is a
good newspaper.
The first printing done In America was
by Spaniards in Mexico. Printing
presses were at work there before any
English colonists had settled in Amer
ica. The first English press was erect
ed at Cambridge, 'Mass., In 1638. It
was brought over from England by
Rev. Jesse Glover, who died, however,
on the voyage, and the press was the
property of his heirs. His widow mar
ried Henry Dunster, who was elected
the first president of Harvard College.
One of her sons, John Glover, had a
suit at law with Dunster about the
press and the other printing materials,
but failed to recover the property.
Stephen Daye was employed as printer.
He had been engaged by Glover to
come to New England and conduct the
press. Cambridge then "was as much
settled as Boston"; and it was the place
where the rulers of both church and
sta,te then and for many years after
ward held their assemblies. For upwards
of thirty years printing was exclusively
carried on in that town. Daye's title to
celebrity is that he was the first man
who printed in English in America,
THE FRENCH SHAKESPEARE.
Recently a Chicago Judge and jury
decided that Balzac's works were "im
moral." This decision was absurd.
Balzac Is the French Shakespeare. If
Balzac Is Immoral, then Shakespeare is
"immoral," and his works are to be
stigmatized by American courts and
Juries as "immoral" and unfit for cir
culation. The defect of this. Chicago
decision is that it Is rendered by pru
rient prudes who are Incapable of distin
guishing between a book that Is writ
ten, published and sold for the sake of
making a dellberateappeal to the ani
mal passions and a book that contains
coarse passages incidental to a descrip
tion of the manners and customs of the
timea "Tpm Jones" is far more open
to criticism than any of Balzac's works,
and yet "Tom Jones" Is so great a book
that James Russell Lowell delivered a
eulogy upon Fielding, its author, in
"Westminster Abbey. The English Bible,
Shakespeare, Chaucer, Montaigne and
"Don Quixote" contain passages of
equal coarseness. There Is no character
in "Tom Jones" that talks such rank,
ribald speech as Falstaff in "Henry IV,"
or as Luclo In "Measure for Measure,"
or as Iago In "Othello," but every man
of Eense knows that the primary pur
pose of Chaucer, Cervantes, Shakes
peare, Montaigne or the writers of the
Old Testament was not obscenity or
lubricity. The coarseness was merely
incidental to the character, to the man
ners, customs and civilization of the
time.
A nude picture or figure Is not neces
sarily obscene, while a picture or figure
that is not nude may be clearly lewd,
obscene and indecent In attitude and
expression. "The Greek Slave" of Pow
ers is a nude figure, but nobody but a
fool would call it an obscene statue.
Allowing for the difference of time,
manners and taste, "Tom Jones" is no
more an obscene book than Thackeray's
"Vanity Fair." Byron called Fielding
the prose Homer of human nature. The
great English historian. Gibbon, speaks
of Fielding's genius In equally compli
mentary terms, and the great English
critic, Coleridge, said that "a young
man whose heart or feelings can be
Injured, or even his passions excited, by
this novel is already thoroughly cor
rupt." Coleridge, himself a man from
youth to the grave of chaste life, hit
the nail on the head when he suggested
that nobody could be injured by these
great works of "fiction that were not
already rotten beyond redemption. A
famous New England college president,
an eloquent minister of the Congrega
tional church, once bluntly told his col
lege pupils that he despised "expurgat
ed" editions of the classics; that milk
was diet for mere babes, while meat
was the food for men; that he would as
soon think of pleading for an expurgat
ed Old Testament as for an expurgated
Shakespeare or a deodorized Horace or
Ovid. And this stalwart old New Eng
land Congregatlonallst clergyman, this
preacher and teacher, was right, for
"Tom Jones" is as much a part of the
great permanent literature of the world
as Chaucer, Shakespeare, Montaigne
and Cervantes.
- A man of sense who is worth anything
to the world knows the difference be
tween a decent mother suckling her
babe and a bawd buttoned up to the
chin leering lewdly from her window at
the passers-by. Thomas Carlyle, in his
contempt for gross prurient prudery,
once said that he hoped the popular
expurgation would spare the Bible;
that an expurgated edition of the Bible
would not be thought necessary by
those religious reformers whose theory
of making people good was to furnish
them with an expurgated literature
from Homer down to Robert Burns.
The virtue that has to be coddled by
reading expurgated classics, expurgated
Shakespeare; that can be undermined
and overthrown by such knowledge. Is
not worth saving. It Is but a fair
weather garment at best, for virtue and
morality do not turn on reading this
or reading that.
The healthy mind does not need an
expurgated literature to keep it clean.
A healthy man fit to be of service to the
world doesn't need the world expurgat
ed of temptation before he can hope to
behave himself. This philosophy of the
world's education that would expurgate
the world's literature is identical with
the attempt to make men virtuous, not
by teaching them the free choice be
tween good and evil, between wisdom
and folly, but by hermetically bottling
up the possible sinner and keeping him
in ignorance of evil, instead of warning
him of the consequences of sin. Balzac
is the French Shakespeare; his defense
as an artist rests on his method and his
Intent, not on his verbal propriety.
GUESTS OF THE JCIXG.
Half a million people, denizens of the
London slums, were fed last week at
the expense of King Edward. The
viands provided were substantial, and
the cost of the feeding was enormous.
It is doubtful whether a similar sum of
money ever provided more genuine en
joyment than that which accompanied
this expenditure. Men, women and chil
dren by the thousand partook of the
King's bounty, appreciating as only the
hungry can appreciate the unwonted
luxury of a good meal.
Promiscuous giving, if it promises
repetition, is an evil, since it saps the
endeavor of the recipient, weakens his
self-respect and turns him sooner or
later Into a hopeless mendicant, satis
fied to live upon, dole, and-linslstent In
demanding it. But a free coronation
dinner is quite a different matter. It
comes but once m the life of a monarch;
there Is no hope of its recurrence. It
furnishes no man an excuse to abate
his endeavor. If the one good, square
meal of his lifetime. It is accepted and
enjoyed with a full measure of gastro
nomic delight. Never was there a bet
ter time to propose the health of the
King than when 500,000 of his subjects,
poor to poverty's last pinch, but with
full .stomachs, arose from the ample
feast that had been served them by his
orders,
The full-fed man Is the good-natured
man. The submerged one-tenth of the
great British metropolis, wejnay well
believe, was good-natured to a man,
to a woman, to a child., when the Prince
and Princess of "Wales, representing the
King, made the circuit of the 400 halls
parks and gardens in which the free
dinner was spread.
Feeding the poor to the 'full upon "this
ocacslon was a gracious act and a por
lltlc one. These people do not represent
the bone and sinew of King Edward's
realm, but they represent an element
that It Is well to conciliate by acts of
kindness, well to remember suitably
upon a great occasion, and a pleasure
to feed to full at least once In a life
time. Much will be said and printed
about this great dinner, but' its real
history, as applied to myriads of
pinched, dwarfed, starved human
beings, will be forever unwritten, To
the larger number, clamoring, demand
ing, Insistent, the dinner meant but one
thing a good meal for which no fee
was exacted. But to the smaller class
the men and women who struggle, and,
holding their wan children by the hand,
strive to rise who need more than all
else the encouragement that follows the
touch of even casual human Interest,
the coronation bounty of the King as
sumed the guise of a sacrament at once
subtle and far-reaching In Its effects.
The guests of the King upon this oc
casion numbered half a million; if the
kingly guests, as measured by this
standard, numbered half a thousand,
his bounty was well bestowed.
DREAD WATED XOT A STOXE.
The Boston Post, a Democratic news
paper, refers to the fact that the class
oration at Harvard was delivered by a
colored man.Roscoe Conkllng Bruce, the
son of one of the few men of the colored
race who ever sat In the United States
Senate. This distinction was won from
his white classmates by this colored
student's merits and accomplishments.
The Post remarks that "It Is a high
-standard of conduct and merit that
Harvard has set in this matter. It Is
the standard of brains, of character,
without discrimination on account of
color."
Of what consequence is this fact that
there Is no color line at Harvard in the
matter of class honors and distinctions
when we remember that there is a color
line drawn aganlst this educated, culti
vated negro the moment he leaves Har
vard and seeks to earn his bread In
any calling on a level with his culture In
New England? The most worthless white
graduate of Harvard, measured by his
manners, his morals or his mental equip
ment, has a better chance to secure de
sirable employment afte.r graduation
than the most scholarly and reputable
negro. It Is a pity that this Is true,
but It cannot be fairly disproved. It Is
true that there is no color line In a num
ber of Northern colleges In the mat
ter of college or class honors, but this
is a barren concession to the negro when
we remember that he Is Instantly met
by an inflexible color line at the North
the moment he leaves the college walls
for a struggle iri the wide world for his
bread. It Is not wisdom; It is not phil
anthropy, to send a negro of scholastic
ability to a Northern college, where he
becomes a man of intelligence, consid
erable culture, literary taste and ac
quirements, a man of refinement In his
social manners and habits, and then
turn him loose on the world only to
discover that his diploma carries with
It no power to break down the color
line, either North or South. He can
teach, preach, practice medicine or law.
North or South, but his pupils, his con
gregation, his patients and his clientage
will have to be obtained among his own
race. It Is not kindness, but cruelty,
to endow a negro with the culture and
accomplishments of Harvard or Yale
unless he expects to be content all his
days with the expenditure of his ac
quirements in the society of people of
his own color. The ablest and most
scholarly bishops of the African Meth
odist Episcopal Church a few years ago
were refused entertainment at the pub
lic dining-room of the leading hotels of
Boston. They could obtain food and
lodging at certain second and third
class Boston hotels of shady reputation,
but those colored clergymen were men
of fine culture, excellent manners and
refined habits of living,, and they natur
ally resented the necessity of resorting
to a cheap hotel and association with
low, ignorant company.
The discussion which this exclusion
of these colored bishops from first-class
Boston hotels excited drew out the con
fession In the leading papers of New
England that a colored graduate of Har
vard of excellent credentials as to char
acter, scholarship and morals could not
obtain employment In any line of mer
cantile business, in any first-class law
office, in any doctor's office. Personally
the great merchant or man of business,
the leading lawyer or doctor, did not
feel any prejudice against a reputable
man of color, but he knew the coarse,
commonplace, vulgar white public did,
and he was as subservient to his public
as a clergyman of high Instincts and
large Intelligence Is obliged to be to the
gross ignorance and intolerance of his
pews. The leading papers of Connecti
cut confessed that a colored graduate 61
Yale of the highest character found he
could not obtain and retain decent em
ployment among whltea The color line
is not only drawn at the North, but It
is drawn in the New England working
world. It Is not drawn In the colleges
because the colleges are controlled by
exceptionally high-minded men, who
have risen above the tyranny of the
color line and the aristocracy of skin,
but it is drawn in the every-day work
ing world. North or South. In certain
sections of Indiana, which has a larger
percentage of colored people than any
state of the "West, no negro Is allowed
to work or live. In Adams County It
has been decided that no colored per
son shall be allowed to live in the
county, which has a population of 30,
000, and recently a few negroes who
were employed as domestic servants
were beaten and run out of the county
and their employers compelled by the
mob to promise that they would never
again employ negroes for any purpose.
In Orange County, Indiana, the negroes
employed as waiters at the hotels In two
famous health resorts have been
mobbed and driven into flight. Orange
County Is Republican, as Is Saline
County, Illinois, where the whites have
mobbed a school for the education of
black children, at Eldorado, and warned
the pastor of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church to leave under penalty
of death. In a recent address at Ox
ford University on "The Relations of
the Advanced and the Backward Races
of Mankind," Mr. James Bryce con
fessed that "the passions of a racial
conflict sweep all but the gentlest of
natures away." This was Illustrated
by the fact that Caesar, who was the
most humane great soldier and states
man of antiquity. In his treatment of
Romans and Greeks, had no mercy for
barbarlana
A TYPICAL "POOR FELLOW;"
August Schleve, the murderer of Shul
kowskl, who has been hanged at St.
Helens, was without doubt unfortunate
in his birth and environment as well as
vicious In Intent and action. The Igno
rant, stolid son of an Ignorant, stolid
father and of a mother who has since
his early boyhood been an Inmate of the
Insane asylum, he was as a child, boy
and man handicapped by a weak
though vicious mentality. Courage of
the brute type was necessary in order
to enable him to waylay his victim
upon a lonely mountain trail and shoot
him to death; courage of this type
Schleve possessed, Cowardice was a
requisite element In his character to
cause him to He In ambush for his vic
tim and shoot him from cover; a coward
of this type he was. Utter lack of sen
sibility and inordinate cupidity were
necessary In order that he might rob his
victim In the depths of the wood and
drag his' body, to Its hiding-place still
further from the lonely mountain trail.
These characteristics, combined to make
a human brute, a monster whose power
for evil was not recognized until he had
taken a fellow-creature's life, but who
upon this ghastly evidence was pro
claimed Insane.
One may well pity a human being so
poorly equipped by Nature to live
among his fellows as was this man, Au
gust Schleve, but it is difficult to see
how. In Justice to the community, his
life could or shpuld have been spared
upon a plea of Insanity thus
based. Sinned against in the be
ginning this man undoubtedly was.
IA is not unlikely that he was more
sinned against than sinning during
the greater part of his life. Admit this
and acknowledge the baleful Influence
of his blood, birth and environment, and
still we have a human creature whose
life Is a menace to the community, and
one who by a most atrocious crime fell
under the ban of the law and fitly suf
fered Its penalty. "Poor fellow," says
the pitying public, not falling, however,
to breathe a sigh of relief that the men
ace of his Irresponsible life, dominated
by vicious tendencies, has been with
drawn from earth.
The plan formed by a number of
County School Superintendents in "West
ern Oregon to hold their annual teach
ers' Institutes In close succession has
much to commend It. The purpose Is
to combine the Institute funds so as to
be able to secure the services of the
best educational lecturers for all the In
stitutes in the circuit. Acting separ
ately, the several counties are able to
employ only local talent The move to
bring In outside educational workers Is
no reflection upon Oregon men who have
been prominent in Institute work. Such
men as Ackerman, Campbell, Robinson,
Rlgier, Ressler, Hawley, Grout. Beatty,
Churchill and others have rendered In
valuable service In teaching the teach
ers of the public schools of this state
and "the results of their experience, re
search and thought will be needed In
our educational system for many years
to come. But there 1s also a place In
teachers Institute work that can best
be filled by Eastern men who come here
with entirely new Ideas, who have gath
ered the best thoughts of the educa
tional workers of their own states, and
who can bring with them the spirit of
educational movements In distant parts
of the country. There may be nothing
new under the sun, but there are new
ways of teaching what Is old. The In
troduction of one. Eastern lecturer of
National reputation to work in our In
stitutes along with local educators
should not only add new Interest tc
these teachers' meetings, but also prove
beneficial to our school system.
The Masonic fraternity In France 13
described not as an anti-rellglous, but
as a political organization. Its members
are resolute evangelists and propagand
ists of republican Ideas. Catholics,
Protestants. Jews, Turks, heretics and
infidels are equally eligible for Initia
tion. Monarchists are not, for the order
In France Is Inexorably republican. The
Grand Orient (Freemasonry proper) of
France has 400 lodges and 22,000 mem
bers. The. present head of the Grand
Orient Li a retired pastor of the Re
formed church, and the order Include a
large number of Protestants: All the
diverse opinions of French Republicans.
Moderates, Radicals and Socialists are
exemplified in the lodges of French Ma
sonry. At the recent general election
many Masonic candidates were opposed
by other Masons; but no candidate could
command a Masonic vote who was not
an upholder of republican Institutions.
Membership In a Masonic lodge is ac
cepted as proof of republicanism. Free
masons were excommunicated by Pope
Plus IX. and the Masons of France
were vigorous supporters of the law
enacted by the Influence of the late
Premier, TTaldeck-Rousseau, against
those religious associations which had
exercised educational functions, but It
Is not true that only lnfldel3 or agnos
tics are eligible for membership In a
Masonic lodge in France. Neither were
all Freemasons supporters of M. Wal-deck-Rousseau
at the late general elec
tion. Freemasoriry proper in France Is
represented by the Grand College of
Rites and the Grand Orient. The Grand
Orient, which comprehends all the act
ive members of French Freemasonry
proper, avoids all reference to the ex
istence of a supreme being, while the
so-called Scotch Masonry, naturalized
in France, allows Its lodges and breth
ren to recognize, if they choose, the ex
istence of a great architect of the universe.
There Is nothing sensational in the
movement now to be made by the city
government for the suppression of open
gambling and for the retirement to less
conspicuous quarters of the shameless
courtesans who have long openly so
licited for their vocation on Fourth
street. Hence we may hope that the
effort will not be spasmodic, but will be
conducted calmly land reasonably along
the feasible lines designated. It Is idle
to say that the law In regard to gam
bling, so far as It applies to running
skin games boldly under police protec
tion, cannot be enforced. It is equally
Idle to say that the vice of prostitution
cannot be made to hide Its head, wheth
er "diminished" or not. To the extent
contemplated by Mayor "Williams, these
evils can be controlled, as everybody
knowa It is convenient, easy, and (un
less the police department, as It has
long been managed, is grievously be
lled) lucrative In certain quarters to
hide behind the stereotyped phrase
which declares that "these things al
ways have existed and always will
exist," and thus sheltered, let the gam
bling hell flourish behind flimsy screens
and the scarlet woman sit grimacing
and beckoning at open windows on a
public thoroughfare. Thl3 official pre
tense of helplessness, coupled"wIth an
assumption of official virtue, deceives
no one. "Within certain "limits these
evils can be controlled. To purge the
body social and politic of them utterly
Is Impossible, but they can be kept
under surveillance of decency that will
diminish ten-fold their pernicious ef
fects upon the young and the unsophis
ticated This Is demanded In the name
of morality, decency, justice and mu
nicipal responsibility. The reputable
portion of the public has faith to believe
that It will be accomplished by orderly,
persistent and determined effort along
the lines indicated by Mayor "Williams.
There Is something exceedingly shock
ing to human sensibilities In the term
"man-hunting." It calls up the specter
of a wild beast in human form, weary
to the point of exhaustion, wary with
maniacal alertness, hatles3, unshaven,
hungry, now facing his" pursuers with
his finger upon the trigger of his un
erring rifle, and again crashing through
the tangled underbrush In desperate
shift for a hiding-place. The pursuit
of such a creature, even were the rifle
eliminated from the picture of the
hunted, would be revolting, were not
the pursuers urged on by a sense of
duty based upon public safety which
commands them to take this creature,
alive If possible, dead If he cannot be
captured without further loss of life.
In any case the situation Is one to cause
a shudder and to bespeak a feeling of
profound relief when the death of the
hunted ends the desperate, dangerous
game.
History, to be history, must be im
partial. Individual opinion based upon
favoritism can never pass current under
this name with just and Iqyal people.
The legislators of Louisiana have de
creed that the text-book3 on history
used In the. schools of that state must
give credit to Admiral Schley for the
victory over Cervera. A detailed and
authentic account of that battle, with
out attempt either to add to or take
from the credit of Schley or Sampson,
Is history. All other recitals of the
events of a day ever glorious In the
history of the American Navy should
be discarded as unworthy the Navy and
the American people. The two Admi
rals have, and perhaps always will
have, their partisans, but It 13 not the
part of the compiler of text-books of
history for echools to glorify one at the
expense of the other.
It sounds like ancient history, the re
cital of labor riots In Russia, based upon
hostility to labor-saving machinery. Yet
such riots are now in progress In one of
the southern provinces of that vast em
pire. A large amount of machinery has
been destroyed and troops have been
called out to protect manufacturing
plants from the Insane fury of those
who would supplant flying shuttles and
whirring spindles by the hand looms
and spinning-wheels of antiquity. The
call for the destruction of all machlnery
ln the interests of the laboring masses
Is a far cry that calls for a moment the
rusty sickles, silent flails, ancient spinning-wheels,
clumsy looms, heavy warp
ing bars, clicking reels and malodorous
dyepots out of their dim past, only to
hurry them back into the shadows with
due thankfumese.
Three hundred and sixteen thousand
Immigrants were landed at the port of
New York during the first half of the
present 'year. Having reached a place
In our history wherein quality rather
than quantity i& the Important point In
our immigration problem, we can only
hope that this horde of newcomers waa
intelligently passed upon as to the abil
ity of each to make his or her own way
In the world according to the accepted
standard of thrifty, reliable American
citizenship.
The toy pistol and the mischievous
bomb were In evidence all over the
country as usual on the Fourth of
July. Lockjaw will be in order a week
or ten daye hecce. This demonstration
of cause and effect goes on from year
to year, with little variation in the
number of victims. Indulgent parents
learn nothing from the sad experience
of other Indulgent parents, and medical
scientists have no new remedies to offer
for tetanus; " " - .
THINGS LOCAL AND OTHERWISE
la the current number of the local Club
Journal, a contributor has an article head
ed "Annual Address of "W. S. F. W. C."
It reviews the work of women's clubs, but
nowhere In the three pages Is anything to
show what these five initials represent.
"Why do so many well-disposed but
thoughtlers folk nowadays fall Into the
bad habit of using In public print mean
ingless abbreviation for genuine names?
This Is a new vice that ought to be
stamped out. In the clubroom. or the
lodge among yourselves, employ capital
letters or cabalistic signs to your hearts'
content, but don't inflict them or! the un
initiated through the newspapers or class
publications. Every intelligent person
knows what you mean when you say a
man belongs to the Masons; few, outside
of the order, are familiar with "A. F. and
A M." A name stands for something al
ways, and when you substitute for it a
mere sound, you defeat the purpose for
which the name was called Into existence.
The Woodmen Is a secret order that has
attained large numbers In recent years;
much larger, I Imagine, than if it had at
tempted to float "W. O. TV." as Its name.
"Christian Endeavorers" Is not euphoni
ous, but Is Immeasurably better than "
P. S. C. E.," with which the society was
handicapped at the start. It means Just
what It says.
Perhaps the time, will never come when
Americans will be weaned from inventing
short and popular abbreviations. In the
large cities, elevated railroads will no
doubt always be "L." "We falsely imagine
that life is too short for us to pronounce
three syllables when two, or one, will con
vey the information. "Y. M. C. A" is
permanently fastened to the country. This
Is partly excusable; the complqte name 13
a mouthful, but It Is doubtful whether
"Y. "W. C. A" will ever roll out as glibly.
It takes longer for the outsider to think
of the Initials in proper sequence than to
speak the four-handled name. "We have
amputated two syllables from "telephone"
and we "wire," not telegraph, our mes
sages. In the Middle "West, the rising
-generation has shortened and corrupted
the dignified City of Cincinnati Into
"Cincy." If we must abbreviate let us
have "nicknames" rather than Initials
that convey no Information. In a wide
spread, attractive advertisement of a Pa
cific Coast limited, exploiting electric
lights, bathtubs, etc., with which the train
Is fitted, mention is made of the M. C. B.
coupler. After several inquiries, I learned
that It was the Master Car Builders coup
ler. Safety In travel Is a paramount con
sideration, yet I doubt whether M. C. B.
as a prefix to coupler Induced many thou
sand people to buy tickets over that line.
Locally, we ought to be able to act
rationally in. new nomenclature. If the offi
cial naming is in the hands of these who
have some regard for the fitness of things.
Whatever may be the Incorporate name,
the proposed electric railway to "Wash
ington County will be the Hlllsboro line.
Mutations in the name of the Oregon City
line are almost ludicrous. First, It was
the East Side railway; then the Portland
City & Oregon; (I wonder whether "Port
land and Oregon City" was thought to be
misleading); later, it became the Oregon
General Electric Company, and last week
this empty name was changed to the Ore
gon "Water-power & Railway Company.
All the while the public has been content
to call it the Oreson City line a title like
ly to abide. Before Tyler "Woodward and
associates began construction of a horse
car line on Third and old G streets (now
the City & Suburban), they must have
lain awake nights to think of the su
premely Inappropriate name first given to
the enterprise the Transcontinental Street
Railway Company.
In this ago -of commercialism, It Is re
markable to see so many men making a
start In trade or manufacture, wasting
coin trying to attract public attention into
Impossible directions, and forgetting the
money value of a name. On half the de
livery wagons In town, you will see "Tele
phone Purple 10.0CO" or some other shade
and number, as If the men and women
of ihld community had nothing else to do
but remember colors and figures when
they want to order wood and bacon, send
their linen to the laundry, or have the
drainpipe cleaned out. A "Washington
street plumber has his telephone number
In rich gold and blue on his plate-glass
show window. These tradesmen and art
isans ought to know that at least 90 per
cent of telephone subscribers must con
sult the book for numbers. In order to
buy or send In a request for services, the
subscriber need only remember the name.
The book and "central" do the rest. Con
fectioners understand human nature. The
young woman doesn't care much what
variety Is In the box. just so It came
from Blank's. It Is well known In her
circle that Blank makes good candles.
And the young man doesn't bother his
mind with Blank's telephone number. It
la In the book whenever he has the four
bits to Invest. The name, not the tele
phone number, should be kept before the
public.
In Chicago, the minds of school chil
dren run to things that do not Interest
Portland youngsters, and are not referred
to by local teachers. A creditable weekly
paper, the Little Chronicle. Is published at
the corn-belt metropolis In the Interests
of the public schools. From the Issue of
June 23, the following announcement Is
clipped:
Commercial Conundrum. When will pork be
highest? One set of speculators think that the
top price on hogs and pork will be reached In
July, and another think It will not be reached
until September. Upon -what reasons do they
base their opinions? (Answer In next Issue.)
As tho days advance and no bad symp
toms appear. It Is a reasonable hope that
King Edward will be restored to health.
Some months ago, Mr. Dooley was discuss
ing appendicitis with Mr. Hennessy, and
remarked In conclusion: "Ol'd rather wear
patched pants than patched Intestines."
L.
Cleveland's Slight Upon the Antl.
New York Commercial Advertiser.
"We extend our sincere condolences to
the ".uitis" in the presence of Mr. Cleve
land's latest speech. He has done them
sl cruel injury by leaving out of It utterly
all mention of Imperialism, or of the
Philippines, of Cuba. Why, only last
week a luncheon was held right here in
New York with Caimack and Carl Schurz
and other leading "antl" minds, held ,to
demonstrate that the only way by which
the Democratic party could march to vic
tory wa3 by hanging like grim death to
the Issue of antl-Imptrlallsm. Was that
food all wasted? Did not Mr. Cleveland
f know that there were fully eight men at
that gathering and that out of It came a
two-column demand upon Congress for
another Philippine Investigation, this time
on the spot? Is the man deaf, or Indif
ferent, or heartless, or has he sold out?
Nothing that has happened within a week
has given the best minds that we have
among us stronger reason to "despair
of the Republic" than this. We look
for a moral scarifying of Mr. Cleveland
that will shake him, and the land like' a
Martinique, eruption.
SLINGS ASD ARROWS. -.
The Modern Senate.
Under the Capitol's broad roof
The Senate chamber stands.
The Senators aro mighty men, j
With hard and heavy hands.
And flexors and extensors that
Are strong as chilled-steel bands. ,.
Their heads are long, and often hot
Their reach Is like the crane's.
And each 13 known to rent or own,
A palace whero he trains. ,
And educates the muscles that -,,
"Sub" for the weary brain.
Week In. week out. from morn till night.
You can hear the seconds shout.
Tou can hear the solemn referee's
Decision called In doubt.
As 'neath a solar plexus blow
A Senator goes out. ''
And crowds that Gil the gallery
Look down at the flowing gore.
They love to hear the din, and se
The crimson claret pour.
And If the fight Is called a draw
They 'Rax exceeding sore.
They go on Sunday to the club.
These brawny, nirvy men.
And there the member from New York
Will gamely wager ten
That Beverldge won't last three rounds
When Bailey fights again.
He needs must win that ten. he says.
Because, more bold than wise.
He lost tv hen Tillman's left hook toolr.
His colleague by surprise:
And with a million-dollar bill
He wipes his weeping eyes.
Sparring, sidestepping, countering.
Onward through life they go.
Each sosslon sees some fight begun
That lasts ten rounds or so.
And some one from the sunny South
Gets in a knock-out blow.
Thanks, many thanks, our worthy friend
For the lesson ye have taught.
Thus In this era strenuous -
Is legislation wrought.
Away with, trifling tloquencel
Let great debates be fought!
The Triumph of Lenrninff.
CHICAGO. July 5. Professor Cultus.
the deep student and the world-famous
author of "My Superiority Over Milton,"
has startled his class by proving beyond
question that Shakespeare was a mere
dub in literature, and knew absolutely
nothing about the English language as It
Is now taught In Chicago University. The
professor has pointed out seven gram
matical errors In one scene in "Hamlet,"
while many examples of faulty construc
tion and Ill-chosen words have been found
in other plays. He says that he can sit
down and write a better play than
"Henry IV" with his right hand tied be
hind htm, and asserts that Falstaff was
merely a witless clown, using expressions
which would not be tolerated for a minute
In any of the university classes. A Cultus
Club has been formed, and will at onco
procetd to disseminate the professor's
writings, In order to correct the grave
popular error that Shakespeare was really
a poet.
St. Louis, July 5. Erastus Ruling, B.
K., lecturer on "Trusts and No Trusts,"
In the Bacon Business College last night
Issued a pamphlet In which he proves be
yond question that Napoleon Bonaparte
looked like 30 cents as a General when
compared to Sir Redvers Buller. He
shows that Bonaparte won only a small
number of battles compared to those
spoken of In "Fourteen Weeks In the
World's History." the text-book used In
the college, and explains that the Cor
slcan knew nothing whatever of modern
ordnance, with which Buller Is thoroughly
familiar. This advanced theory will un
doubtedly have a tremendous effect upon
the study of history, and may revive an
other Napoleonic discussion in the maga
zines. Mason City, la., July a. Professor L M.
Itt, of the High School here, has demon
strated that Sir Isaac Newton knew no
more of the laws of gravitation than he
"Sid about Agulnaldo. Professor Itt has
a $15 laboratory, where he has been con
ducting a series of experiments which
practically overturn all the world has be
lieved for so long to be accurate science.
He hc3 made deep researches into the
history of natural philosophy since his
graduation icom the Iowa Agricultural
College, at Ames, last year, and Is pre
pared to refute all the assertions made
in tho works of Darwin and Huxley, whom
he pronounces mere smatterers in their
lines. He w. Ill at once write a work upon
his recent Investigations, and the world
will wait Its appearance with bated breath,
July.
Pneumonia
Stalks through the air.
The wind Is raw.
And everywhere
It looks like snow;
Ice water falls.
And full of woe.
The wet crow calls.
The dead leaves blow,
The flowers die.
And so we know
That 'tis July.
Brutus Little Joke.
"Brutus," said Casslus, when Marc An
tony had mobilized two or three corps of
legions, and got his eight-Inch rapid-fire
guns into play, "I have no longer any
stomach for war."
"Well," replied Brutus, after his custo
mary five minutes for thought, "having no
more casus belli, we might a3 well lay
down our arms."
And It took Casslus another five minutes
to figure ou the deadly entendre that lay
In tho words of the noblest Roman of
them alL
To a Troutv
Thou solitary tenant of my creel.
Thou only victim of my feathered hook.
Though 'skunked." I scarce could more dis
gusted feel
Wert thou still swimming In thy native brook.
For tnee alone. I"e walked ten weary miles.
And. what Is worse, must walk them back
again.
For theo alone I've crawled through stinging
brush
And clambered over harsh barb wire stiles.
Slept troubled slumber In the Ice-cold rain.
And soaked myself In grasses, all too lush
And what art thou, thou slim and speckled
mite?
Scarce large enough to save thee from the act
That makes it crlmo for live-Inch trout to bit,
A worthy "sneckled beauty," for a factl
Where, tell me where, were all thy sluggard
kind.
That I could not Inveigle them to rise?
In all the Summer season they will find
No more persistent fisherman than I,
No bait more tempting than my high-priced
file.
Yet thou alone art here. Dost thou know
why?
And now my tired footsteps must I turn
Along that hilly road that homeward trends.
And. spent and footsore, bear with unconcern
The Jibes and jetrs of all my loving friends.
For once they cast their scornful eyes on thee,
Thou smallest of thy kindergarten school,
They'll take a keen delight to point me out.
For all the mocking, scoffing world to see
As that weak-minded. Idiotic fool,
Who fished two days, and only caught one
trout.
-J. J. MONTAGUE.