THE SUNDAY OBEGONIAN, PORTLAND, APRIL 13, 1902.
fcntered at the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon.
ai necond-class matter.
REVISED SUBSCRIPTION ' BATES.
By Mall (postage prepaid. In Advance
Dally, with Sunday, per month.... $. 83
Dally, Sunday excepted, per year
Dally, -with Sunday, per year J
Sunday, xc year -J
The Weekly, per year JJ
The "Weekly. 3 months "
To City Subscribers
Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays excepted-loo
Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays lncludec.20c
POSTAGE RATES.
United States. Canada and Mexico:
10 to 14-page paper "J0
14 to 28-page paper -
Foreign rates double.
News or discussion intended for publication
in The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria
bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to the name
of any Individual. Letters relating to adver
tising, subscriptions or to any business matter
should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan."
The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories
from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re
turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici
tation. No stamps ahould be inclosed for this
purpose.
Eastern Business Office. 43, 44, 43. 47. 48. 40
Tribune building. New Tork City; 403 "The
Rookery," Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth special
agency. Eastern representative.
For sale in San Francisco by L. E. lee. Pal
ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 230
Sutter street; F. W. Pitts, 100S Market street;
J. K. Cooper Co.. 740 Market street, near the
Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry news
stand.
For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner,
259 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Halnee, 303
Bo. Spring street
For eale In Sacramento by Sacramento $?ews
Co., 429 K street. Sacramento, Cal.
For tale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co
217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald,
63 Washington street.
For sale In Omaha, by Barkalow Bros., 1612
Farn&m street.
For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News
Co., 77 W. Second South street.
For sale In Ogden by C H. Myers.
For eale In New Orleans by A. C Phelps,
'609 Commercial Alley.
On file at Charleston, S. C, In the Oregon ex
hibit at the exposition.
For tale In Washington, D. C, by the Ebbett
House news stand.
For sale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton &
Kendrlck, 906-912 Seventeenth street; Lbuthan
& Jackson Book & Stationery Co., 15th and
Lawrence streets; A. Series, 1053 Champa
street.
Remibllcan or as a Democratic state I because the -working: man or boy spends Itury, a3 drawn by Fielding In his nov-
depends on the vote cast for the leading fewer hours at home than the working j els, make It clear that so .far as the law
office. Should Oregon elect Chamber
lain it would be eet down as a Demo
cratic state, and Its name and Its Influ
ence would go on the-record as against
the Republican party and the National
Administration. The Republican vote
therefore will go for Furnish and the
Republican ticket
LETT THE SOUTH ALONE.
woman or girl.
TODAY'S WEATHER Fair and warmer;
northerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 51; minimum temperature, 36; pre
cipitation, trace.
PORTLAND, SUNDAY, APRIL 13, 1002
USES OP THE MOUNTEBANK,
Large as was the figure made by Dr.
Talmage In the religious world, there
Is no term so accurately descriptive of
his pulpit methods as the word "moun
tebank." His rhetoric is picturesque to
the point of exuberance; his gestures
were antics, his manner theatrical. To
the Jews a stumbling-block, and to the
Greeks foolishness, there is an element
of cultivated people his preaching could
only repel. Those who from sedate
habit see in the popular revivalist a
travesty upon ideal pulpit work, who
.from familiarity with high-class music
look upon "Moody and Sankey hymns"
as unworthy a place in church services,
view the efforts of Dr. Talmage more in
sorrow than in anger, but make no
doubt that the net result of his life
work has been to bring the cause of
religion into contempt.
Now, the mountebank could not draw
a prize In the tragedian class, but in
hiB own field he is interesting, and even
useful. It takes all kinds of people to
make a world, and there are those to
whom the mountebank's performance
Is more entertaining, and perhaps in
structive, than the more pretentious pro
duction of Irving or Mansfield. Th
fact remains that Dr. Talmage has
maintained a hold upon the attention,
the respect and even the veneration of
thousands of parishioners these forty
six years since he was ordained, and of
many thousands more whom he has
reached through his published sermons,
lectures and essays. It Is- doubtful
whether In all his public life he has em
ployed his powers In a single instance to
the derogation of any moral or virtuous
Impulse. Numbers have been helped by
him; few, if any, have been Injured.
The proportion of persons whose sen
timents and emotions are held in sub
jection by trustworthy reasoning pow
ers is lamentably small. What a fol
lowing Bryan gained through oratorical
powers of the Talmagian stamp is well
known; and if Bryan's voice and mag
netic presence had been enlisted in the
cause of honest money and National
honor, none could doubt his usefulness
and worth. Talmage has been a popu
lar and sensational crier of the gospel;
but hl9 adjurations were In the direc
tion of virtue and morality. The scoff
ers for whom he provided weapons of
attack would have been scoffers if he
had never lived; and those who sin
cerely regretted his cheap and mere
tricious performances were above being
swayed by him one way or another. On
the other hand, his appeals to parents
for greater care and consecration in
the training of their children, his depre
cations of excessive worldliness and his
fearless denunciation of popular sins
must be remembered to his credit.
The world Is full of worse men than
Dr. Talmage of men less sincere, less
desirous of -doing good, less consumed
with a passion for saying something to
lead men out of their sins to a higher
life. Long ago it was observed by high
authority that not many wise, not
many mighty, not many noble are
called to do the work of evangelism.
The preacher has an uphill task among
the highly cultivated. The sheaves lie
thickest among the humble lives of the
lowly and the poor; and if Dr. Talmage
went little to and achieved little among
the wise and great, his choice is not
without illustrious example. It takes
all kinds of preachers to meet the re
ligious needs of a diversified people.
All cannot be led from darkness to light
by the same path.
Of the supreme unwisdom of Senator
Depew's counterblast against sectional
amity there can be no doubt The ques
tion every one would like answered Is,
Why does he choose the very hour of
President Roosevelt's happy reception
In the South to undo the good work as
far as possible, and revive the es
trangement between Southern men of
brains and character and the Republi
can party of the North? The answer
nearest at hand, and the one that must
serve until a better is provided, is that
the corporations represented by Depew,
and the Republican machine In New
Tork State, and the Interests represent
ed by Senator Hanna wish to make it
Impossible for President Roosevelt to
weaken the hold of the Hanna party
upon the Southern vote In the next Na
tional Republican Convention. It is an
undertaking that comes close to the ne
farlouB, and It can only result in solidi
fying Republican sentiment at the North
behind the President.
Depew has manufactured the occasion
of his ebullition out of whole cloth.
There Is no present necessity for his
outburst The plea that popular elec
tion of Senators would involve greater
violence to manhood suffrage than the
present method Is a most transparent
pretense. The object of the New York
Senator, clearly revealed by his ready
rejoinders to Southern protests, Is tol
Inflame the Southern heart He has at
tacked the Southern States wholesale,
from South Carolina aroupd to Ken
tucky, and he has done it in the most
offensive manner possible. He cannot
be ignorant that his action Justifies no
other Interpretation than that the Re
publican programme contemplates the
Crumpacker resoution and a sort of
"force bill," involving not Federal
troops at the polls, it is true, but at
least Congressional inquiry into the em
barrassing and painful problem of the
elective franchise at the South. He
knows, that this is to misinterpret the
best thought of the North, and to sub
stitute dishonestly a part for the whole.
His action should be resented In New
York 'as heartily as in Mississippi.
The North wants no quarrel with the
South, and It has formed the conviction
that the South should be suffered to
meet Its race problem In its own way.
That Is the fact about this business,
and grandfather clauses and fourteenth
amendments are alike negligible. Real
things In the problem are that the South
has accepted the Union and fought for
the fias side by side with the North;
that it accepts the gold standard and
welcomes Pacific expansion. In return
for this it asks its Congressional repre
sentation, Its electoral vote and Its
negro problem to be let alone. The con
cession Is something, doubtless, but it
Is worth while. Sectional bitterness is
worth allaying, sectional cordiality
worth cultivating, on moral, social and'
trade considerations. It Is a dastardly
act to seek to break in upon the grow
ing friendship between North and
South, whether Depew does it for his
party, for Mr. Hanna or for the cor
porations whose collar he exhibits In
the' Senate with such obvious pride. No
one but a fool would imagine the Re
publican party's future is to be ad
vanced by perpetuation of "the solid
South."
AN ISSUE AND ITS IRRELEVANCIES.
Some cogent and. impressive objec
tions are urged In Congress to the Chi
nese exclusion bill. TJieir promoters
are sincere, their Influence Is weighty,'
their opinion is not to be despised. But
all they say is Irrelevant. It affects the
case nothing.
No one can Impugn the wholly ad
mirable sentiments that actuate the
venerable Senator Hoar In his abhor
rence of race .prejudice and his resolve
never to vote for the Mitchell bill. He
will vote to keep out immoral Chinese
or degraded Chinese. He will protect
American labor from real Injury and
protect our American civilization from
demonstrated contamination; but be
yond this he will not go. Because a
man Is black, or red, or yellow, Instead
of white. Is not, In Mr. Hoar's view.
adequate basis of exclusion. He will
proscribe moral qualities, but not color;
and It Is easy to sympathize with his
determination.
It is urged that If Chinese laborers
are denied to our steamships, our trans
Pacific trade will abandon the American
for the British flag. In the Intense heat
of the tropics crews of Orientals can
perform work that white men will not
do. If vessels cannot have Chinese
seamen under the American flag, they
will go to the British. Probably they
will. The argument Is plausible.
Many industries on the Pacific Coast
and in the other far Western states and
territories are sadly In need of cheap
labor. Railroads, salmon canneries,
fruit farms and preserving establish
ments, laundries, and even domestic
kitchens by the thousand are hampered
by lack of help at feasible wages. In
this contention also Is much truth.
There are those who believe It thorough
ly and will act upon It with decision.
But it so happens that none of these
considerations have any bearing upon
the real question at issue. The appar
ent merits of the case are not Its real
merits. They are, on the contrary. Ir
relevant and negligible. The only ques
tion Is as to whether our American labor,
Intelligent, organized, united, deter
mined, shall have its will or be defied.
And to this there Is only one answer.
There Is no single body" of opinion in
the United States so well persuaded of
Its needs, so well equipped to secure
them and so deserving of considera
tion for what its welfare means today
and for what the welfare of Its chil
dren means to the next generation as
the workingmen. On this Chinese ques
tion their voice is united. It is mad
ness to oppose them. Their content
ment is too desirable to be menaced,
their discontent and sense of injustice
Is too high a price to pay for the Specu
lative benefits of Chinese Immigration.
Many of our statesmen have lived too
long and forgotten too little to realize
the anachronism of their belief that it
makes no difference what labor wanta
It makes a great deal of difference, not
only to employers of labor, but to so-
was concerned any husband could play
Petruchio if he willed to-do so, because
the law permitted him to beat his wife,
and gave the wife practically no right
to divorce because of "Intolerable se
verity." The liberal divorce laws of to
day have made Petruchios extinct A
woman's hand cannot be given by her
parents without her will: a woman's
spirit cannot be broken by the despotic
brutality of the quarter-deck
If a woman is "tamed" by a master
ful husband, she is subdued by tact,
dignity, firmness, forbearance and af
fectionate kindness. If these methods
will not "tame" the shrew, she is likely
to lose her husband, since he, too, can
appeal to the law for divorce on the
ground of "incompatibility of temper,"
If not "Intolerable severity." So far
from liberal divorce being a subject for
regret, it has meant the emancipation of
the Katharines of our day from the
brutal discipline of conjugal despots like
Petruchio.
would not allow her to educate her,, be
cause Jane Clalrmont was an atheist
In a letter written to "Mrs. Hoppner in
1820 Byron says: "The child shall not
quit me again to perish 'of starvation
or be taught to believe there Is no
deity. The girl shall be a Christian and
a married woman, if possible. Claire
shall not ever interfere with the child's
morals or education." Byron insisted
that a religious training should be given
his daughter, and placed her In a con
vent chool twelve miles from Ha
venna. Shelley Btrongly approved of
Byron's course, for he knew that the
mother was totally unfit to bring up
any child. Allegra died of a fever in
the Spring of 1822. Byron- sent her body
to England, and had It burled in Har
row church. Byron loved her and al
ways wrote and spoke of her sadly
to Scott as "the sinless child of sin."
CHRISTIAN VIEW OF EXPANSION
RUSSIA IN MANCHURIA.
Dr. W. A. Martin, late principal of
the Chinese Imperial College at Pekln,
and who was In that city during the
late siege, landed a few days ago at
Victoria. In his opinion, and he Is In
a position to speak intelligently upon
the matter, Russia will never withdraw
her troops from Manchuria. They will
be kepthere on the plea that they are
necessary for the protection of the Rus
sian railway. He further expresses the
opinion that ultimately Russia will
have sole possession of Manchuria.
Julian Ralph, whose opinions upon
Eastern auestions have been given in
many magazine articles, and who is
The Indians on the Sacaton reserva
tion, in Arizona, are said to be starving. '
The cause of their distressing plight Is
that settlers above , their lands have
found use for and made use of all the
water In that semi-arid region, divert
ing It from the reservation lands and
rendering them practically sterile. Here
is a condition of things that should not
be allowed to exist for a single month.
It represents the crudest type of op
pression of the weak by the strong, and
the Government, whose wards by neces
sity and compulsion these Indians are,
should come promptly to the rescue.
The principle of the survival of the fit
test does not cover a case of this kind.
The unfoldment and progress of natu
ral conditions incident to growth have
not brought on this situation. It -simply
represents the Inhumanity of greed,
and mean3 should be taken at once for
Its correction, whether these Involve the
rrnll nuallftns? 4tirTcra r? f)ia -mottAT-o
.... ..ti. , t i i -fii moving of the Indians to some more
upon which he writes, in a late article ,m , ., nt i,
clety as a whole, In Its every aspect.
Amerlcanlabor will not endure the
coolie as a fellow or as a competitor.
And It has means of enforcing its will
first the ballot, "and If that falls, some
thing else.
THE MASTERFUL HUSBAND.
The Oregonian's means of communi
cation with all parts of the state are
very complete. There is .no other
agency of so complete communication.
This paper bears Its dally message to
every locality In Oregon, and It has un
rivaled facilities for obtaining responses
that indicate the temper and state of
the public mind. It knows whereof It
speaks, therefore, when It states that
the claim of the opposition that there
is a disposition on the part of old-time
Republicans to resent the nomination of
Mr. Furnish, and a purpose to make the
resentment effective by voting for Mr.
Chamberlain, Is a figment of the imag
ination. Mr. Furnish will receive the
Republican vote, because he Is the pres
ent representative of the purposes for
which the Republican party stands. It
Is a political election. The objects to
which the Republican party Is devoted,
so far as Oregon can have to do with
them, are Involved In it Republicans
know that the only way In which they
can support the policy and purposes of
their party Is to stand by the men se
lected as the party's representatives.
Whether Oregon Is to be classed as a
WHAT WORKING PEOPLE READ.
The New York Sun publishes some in
teresting facts concerning the popular
taste in books, derived from the record
of the 171.000 loans made by the travel
ing department of the New York Pub
lic Library for the past year. The 12,000
volumes of this department are In con
stant circulation. The working girls'
clubs, whose members, employed In
stores and factories, have long hours,
are tired In the evening and naturally
crave light fiction, like the novels of
Mary J. Holmes, E. P. Roe-and "The
Duchesa" One or two of Barrle's they
will read, but have no use for Black
more's "Lorna Doone." These girls will
not read James nor Howells, nor Miss
Jewett's stories; but "One Summer,"
"The First Violin" and Marlltt's Ger
man stories are popular. They will not
read the standards Dickens, Thack
eray, Eliot, Scott, Bronte or Hawthorne.
They will not read Scott at all, nor
Mrs. Humphry Ward, Stevenson or
Kipling, but they like 'books of travel,
college stories and writings of colonial
days. There is loud call for new fic
tion, but this is merely the demand of
curiosity excited by seeing them adver
tised. Miss Wilklns' "Portion W Labor"
ia In demand because it appeals to a
working girl's experience of life.
The men's clubs on the East Side,
composed largely of young Hebrews
preparing for one of the universities,
want Macaulay, Adam Smith, Darwin,
Huxley, Bryce, Fiske, Shakespeare and
Milton. They want all the standard
English fiction; they taste, of Howells
for the sake of his style. Frederic
Harrison's "Meaning of History" and
his "New Calendar" are favorltea
Their favorite novels when they read-
for pleasure are "Ben Hur," "Quo
Vadls?" and the "Prince of India." The
firemen's clubs read everything obtain
able about the Civil War and the Span
ish War. They call for the President's
books, because they like his books and
like him. In fiction they like Rider
Haggard. Clark Russell's sea stories,
Dumas, Stanley Weyman, Cooper's nov
els and those of William Black and
Charles Lever. Bellamy's "Looking
Backward" Is still a favorite; they are
fond of "David Harum," "Eben Hol
den," "Sherlock Holmes." Anna Kath
arine Green is a favorite author. The
firemen clearly read a far higher and
more robust grade of fiction than the
working girls. The messenger boys
want Henty and Kirk Munroe, W. Clark
Russell, Rider Haggard, Dumas, Trow
bridge and Stevenson's "Child Garden
of Verse." The poems of Riley and
Field are very popular, and so Is "This
Little World," David Christie Murray's
story of an old-time' English prize
fighter, popular with the firemen. The
bright girls In clerical employment
don't care for Marlon Harland or E.
P. Roe or Scott or Eliot They want
all the new fiction, such as "Audrey,"
"The Crisis," "To Have and to Hold,"
"Richard Carvel," "Helmet of Navarre."
Everybody likes Seton's books and such
works as "Monsieur Beaucalre," "Pris
oner of Zenda," "David Harum."
The conclusion reached is that two
thirds of those who take out books are
Petruchio, in the "Taming of the
Shrew," Is a most diverting picture of
medieval masterful husband, the hus
band who is master solely by dfnt of
browbeating, by fists and heels. He is
Shakespeare's only picture of this rude
sort of wooer and husband. Even
Richard IH, when he woos the Lady
Anne, hides his wolfish nature beneath
a smiling mask of urbane deference and
soft, smiling courtesy: but Petruchio
woos his mistress like a bull charging
a gate, or like a grim soldier smiting in
the door of a castle with a battle-ax.
Petruchio Is a rough humorist, and he
voices a brutal age when as a husband
he could say without resistance on the
?art of her parents and kinsmen con
ernlng his newly wed wife:
I will be master of what is mine own:
Sho Is my goods, my chattels; she Is my house,
My household stuff, my field, my barn.
My horse, my ox, my ass, my any thing.
He starves his wife, he robs her of
sleep with his cursing and Drawling,
he forces her to wear a mean habit, he
makes her call the sun the moon and
the moon the sun, and finally worries
the poor wretch's life so unceasingly
that the shrew finally surrenders, say
ing: "What you will have it named,
even that It Is; and so It shall be for
Katharine." The field Is won, and when
Petruchio orders Katharine to do his
capricious bidding In the presence of her
family she promptly and meekly obeys
and tells her married sister that "Thy
husband Is thy lord, thy King, thy
governor, thy life, thy keeper, thy head,
thy sovereign. Such duty as the sub
ject owes tne .prince, even such a
woman oweth her husband."
That this picture of a masterful hus
band, whose mastery was won by forc
ing his wife to choose between submis
sion and ceaseless persecution, was no
fancy sketch Is proved by the fact that
the play was wonderfully popular in
Shakespeare's day, because in English
life Petruchlo's theory of absolute mas
culine mastery In marriage was the
common precept and practice. Even to
a late date In the eighteenth century
the English law courts ruled that the
husband might beat-his wife if he did
not use a cudgel thicker than his
thumb. Of course, according to our
modern conjugal standards and usages,
Petruchio was more of a brute than a
humorist, for he breaks his wife's spirit
and extorts submission by violence of
language and action. He tames her
very much as the brutal mate of a ship
breaks the spirit of his crew; he
caresses them with a handspike and
fans them with a belaylng-pln. The
crew cannot escape; they are without
arms, so to escape starvation and suf
fering they meekly submit So in Pe
truchlo's day the wife was a chattel, a
beast of "burden. She could not dispose
of her own hand or escape from her
maBterful husband, because there was
no such thing as free divorce In those
days. Even great Kings, both in Eng
land and France, could not get a di
vorce; and because, under the law, prac
tically the wife was "his ox, his any
thing," and because a divorce was not
possible, there' were plenty of Petru
chios who were both able and willing
to "tame" a wife through Inescapable
insult, abuse and domestic cruelty.
The position of the married woman
down to the nineteenth century was
one of comparative degradation, because
under the law she could obtain not
much more consideration than her fox
hunting husband gave his pet dog, and
les9 than he lavished on his favorite
horse. The pictures of English married
In the World's Work, under the head, of
"China and Europe Face to Face,"
shares this opinion, and gives good
reasons for holding It. Stating the mat
ter succinctly, Mr. Ralph says: "Rus
sia agrees to hand back the three Man
churlan provinces within the next three
years but subject to the concessions
already obtained there. The Manchur
ian and even the Shan Hal Kwan Rail
roads are to be surrendered, but Russia
is to be relied upon exclusively' to pro
tect the line." As to the Chinese mili
tary forces in Manchuria, "China is to
employ Russians exclusively to disci
pline and drill her troops, who are nom
inally to be commanded by a Tartar
General." Pursuing the subject, Mr.
Ralph says:
It may be that England and the United States
are to be hoodwinked by such a convention, but
who else can be In the name of common san
ity? Already the railway men who are acting
as guards in Manchuria aro picked troops and
there are 30,000 of them, with stone buildings
as posts or garrisons, 18 miles apart, all along
the lines. In all the larger towns depots havo
been established for their supplies of food,
raiment, arms and ammunition. When the
self-evident soldiery have been withdrawn these
30,000 picked soldiers will remain 20 to the
mile to guard the 1500 miles of railroads. And
the Russian officers will drill the Chinese sol
diers Into such a force as England's Sikhs or
England's Egyptian soldier. I say that this
will be the outcome of the Russian command
of the Chinese force, because to argue other
wise would bo to argue Russia an idiot nation.
Dr. Martin- agrees, as eventually we
must all agree, with this estimate. The
declaration that it Is idle, considering
the temper of the age, to spend any
time or logic upon the moral aspects
of what Russia, has done, is well de
fended by the history of the loot of the
Chinese capital a few months ago by
the leading Christian nations our own
excepted. There is no reason to doubt
that while Great Britain, Japan and the
United States are for the maintenance
of the integrity of China, Russia,
France and Germany are for "slicing
up the kingdom." The preliminary
steps in this policy have been boldly
taken by Russia and Germany. There
is not the slightest reason to suppose
that they will be retraced. All is quiet
now, but the elements of strife, of dis
ruption, of foreign aggression, have and
will maintain a strong foothold in
China. Peace upon such a basis is an
exceedingly fragile thing. The slightest
friction will break It, and friction un
der the circumstances 1b Inevitable?
favored locality, the ousting of ranch
ers who have absorbed the water sup
ply of the present reservation upon
which the Maricopa and Pima Indians
to the number of 20,000 are confined, or
the construction of an Irrigation system
for their relief. The public In the mean
time will wonder what Indian Agent
Hadley, of the Sacaton reservation, has
been about to allow things to come to
a starvation pass with these Indians be
fore making known the impending ca
lamity to the Government. A thing of
this kind Is not done In a corner.
A meat famine. It Is said. Is threat
ened in England. A similar famine has
been on in the United States for some
months, the rigors of which are Increas
ing. To keep pace with it laboring men
In all the walks of life demand and
must have an Increase of wages. One
extreme leads to another, whatever the
question at Issue. The financial condi
tion known as "hard times" and the in
dustrial condition known as "depres
sion" are the outcome sooner or later
of these ever-Increasing demands upon
the consumer by the producer, and upon
the employer "by the laborer. To the
Inability or neglect of mankind to apply
the lessons of experience to matters of
business .and Industry the recurrence
of panics In the monetary and Industrial
world Is primarily due. In other words,
men have not learned how to administer
prosperity In order to make Its reign
perpetual. The cost of living is in
creased, though there is no abatement
In the bounty of agriculture or of the
resources upon which men feed and
trade thrives. Perhaps there is a le
gitimate cause for the steady Increase
In the price of meat, but If so, this
cause has not been made known to the
satisfaction of the public.
From Rev. Joslan Strong's Boot,
"Expansion."
To be Independent is to be exempt from
reliance on others and from the rule of
others. To be free is not to be exempt
from law, but from arbitrary or despotic
Jaw. It Is, as Webster says, to be "sub
ject only to fixed laws, regularly admin
istered." There can be no existence "without law;
and the higher the form of existence, the
larger the. number of laws to which it
owes obedience. These laws can never
be evaded. When violated they are not
escaped, their penalties are inflicted. The
only possible way. therefore, to bo free Is
to be free under law; that Is, by being In
sympathy with the lrrws of one's nature.
All animate nature is free, not because it
is out from under law, but because It has
no desire to transgress the laws which
limit and control it But man, because he
is endowed with free will. Is capable of
transgressing. Indeed, he has to learn to
obey; he, therefore, has to learn to be
free. Legally or technically one may be
"born free": hut strictly sDeakinrr. free
dom, like learning, must be acquired; it i
exists only where It has been achieved;
it is a duty rather than a right
Independence is a matter of relation
ship; freedom Is a matter of character.
Men become free only so far as they learn
self-government; and they should be in
dependent only so far as they have be
come free. Giving to a tribe Independ
ence no more confers upon it freedom
than letting an anarchist out of Jail con
fers on him a love of law.
To those who have not become a law
unto themselves, independence brings not
liberty with the blessings of order, but
license with the curse of confusion. In
dependence without freedom is anarchy.
A savage in the midst of civilization
finds himself hampered by a thousand re
strictions, and chafes like a newly caged
Hon. But the civilized man does not find
his freedom of action abridged, because
he Is In sympathy with these restrictions;
they are his protection. Just in propor
tion, then, as men become clvllezed do
they lose Independence and acquire free
dom. The higher the social organization
the greater Is the number of relation
ships and the greater the interdepend
ence, and of course the less the Independ
ence. ,
The progress of civilization involves the
Increase of organization, industrial, social,
and political, and, therefore, necessitates
an ever-decreasing Independence, while It
makes possible an ever-Increasing free
dom. Our policy should be determined not by
National ambition, nor by commercial
considerations, but by our duty to the
world in general and to the Filipinos in
particular. By discharging these obliga
tions we shall best fulfill our duty to
ourselves.
As a part of the great world life, these
people cannot be permitted a lawless in
dependence. If they are capable or Be
ing a law unto themselves, then neither
the United States nor any other power
should extend authority over them. If
they are Incapable of self-government
then to. give them Independence would
wrong the world In general and them
selves In particular. The practical ques
tion then narrows down to this: Are the
Filipinos capable of self-government?
Henry Clay said: "I contend that It Is
to arraign the disposition of Providence
himself to suppose that he has created
beings incapable of governing them
selves." But Clay's conception was
formed when the old carpenter theory
of the universe obtained, before modern
science had shown that races devel
op in the course of centuries as In
dividuals do in years, and that an un
developed race, which Is incapable of self
government, is no more of a reflection on
the Almighty than is an undeveloped
child who Is Incapable of self-govern
ment The opinions of men who In this
enlightened day believe that the Fili
pinos are capable of self-goVernment be
cause everybody Is, are not worth con
sidering. This Is a question of fact to
be settled by weight of testimony.
SLINGS AND ARROWS.
On the Horvllngviolf Ranch.
This Is the Howllngwolf Ranch; the wall d
the pensive coyote
Sounds from the far distant hills llke a bunch
of calliope music
Silently, ono by one, in tea dreary and deso
late rlmrocks.
The Jackrabblts gallop around through the
grass. Irresponsibly happy.
Afar In the forest beyond Is a thrifty and wide
awake palefaco
Selling a credulous Slwash a quart of alleged
firewater. ,
This is the Howllngwolf Ranch, but where la
young Harold F. Johnson?
Smooth and abreast of the times was the Har
old F. Johnson we write of.
Versed In the dialect found in the stories of
Alfred H. Lewis;
Full of belief that a man with a good track,
and field education.
An acquaintance, with firearms gained la a
National Guard rifle practice.
Up In the terms of the West, such as "gun
play," "whatever" and "longhorn."
Could stack up his checks on the range and
give the old residents pointers;
Show them how quickness and nerve In the
East can be duly acquired.
And that tenderfeet now and then prove too
much for contemptuous plainsmen.
Many a tale he had read of bluffs of this kind
on the desert.
Put through with courage and snap by a ten
derfoot, and got away with;
And to give to the writers of tales a theme
for another such story.
He went to the Howllngwolf Ranch and signed
as a No. 1 puncher.
Bright was the dawn of the day that he set
forth to' tackle a broncho.
Great was the courage he brought to that
ri3ky and delicate project.
Great was his wrath when he heard when ha
gathered his remnants together.
And wondered however he'd missed the xnooa
both In going and coming
A couple of Insolent louts who had halted their
bronchos to see him.
Break forth with that soul-galling sound which
is known in the West as the "ha. ha!"
Quickly he grabbed for his gun, but ere ha
had got his hand near It
He heard the unanimous crack of two 4570
pistols.
And the glittering rays of tho sun. as they
gilded tho hills with their glory.
Shone through two circular holes in his legs,
down close to the ankles.
When, after months on a cot had restored him
the use of these members.
He stood In a crowd at a bar, and declined s
polite invitation ,
To wash out the dust from ills throat with a
glass of tha powerful liquor
Which Is known and revered on the plains by
the humorous title of "red eye."
When they had searched for tho lead and ex
tracted a couple of ounces.
And once .more he walked among men, full of
faith In his power to get there.
He sat In a game of draw poker, and by a mis
take of the dealer
Showed down an ace and four kings, when his
aged and violent neighbor
Laid down that invincible hand which consists
of a king and four aces.
Once more did ho reach for his gun, but went
quietly under the table.
This time with the lead In his lungs. Introduced
in six separate places.
At length did the purposeful plan of the stren
uous Harold F. Johnson
Bccomo sicklied o'er with, a cast that was
tinged with some irresolution.
But still he read deep In the tales of tenderfeet
making their bluff3 good,
And when on a midsummer's eve a puncher
narrated a story
Of how on a single day ha had killed thirty
bears and a Hon,
Ho ventured to ask If the yarn was not
stretched in some of the details.
When roso the bluo smoko from the scene and
loving hands lifted the body
To bear It away for repairs, the soul of tha
strenuous Johnson
Had left Its heroic abode and gone on a very
great Journey.
This Is the Howllngwolf Ranch; the zephyrs
fan the gray sagebrush;
The scent that floats in on its wings speaks
the nearby retreat of the red man;
The weird and monotonous hoot of the owl
sounds over the mesa.
This is the Howllngwolf Ranch, but there's no
trail left by Harold F. Johnson.
The. late letter of Pope Leo XHI on
Scripture says:
The church holds all the books of Scripture
as sacred and canonical, not because, having
been composed solely by human industry, they
wero afterward approved by her authority, nor
only because they contain revelation without
error, but because, having been written under
the Inspiration of the Holy Ghost, they have
God for their author.
It was also decreed by the "Vatican
Council that
The books of the Old and New Testament are
to be received as sacred and canonical In their
integrity and all their parts, as they are enu
merated In the decree of the Sacred Council of
Trent, because, having been written by the in
spiration of the Holy Ghost, they have God
for their author.
This means that Catholics are bound to
believe in the verbal inspiration of the
Scriptures; that its inspiration is not
limited to the sentences in the context
of the sacred books, but even the words
are inspired. There Is therefore no room
In the Roman Catholic church for that
"higher criticism" which has prompted
many eminent Protestant clerics to re
gard the biblical stories of the deluge
and of Jonah and the whale with In
credulity on scientific grounds. The
late St George Mlvart once held that
the deluge, as described in the Bible,
was impossible practically, and rejected
the story of Jonah and the whale, but
he was promptly told by the Vatican
"that be must retract these views or be
cast out of the Catholic church. A
good many Protestants, Ilka the Rev.
Dr. Da Costa, have gone over to the
Catholic church as the only house of
refuge for those who refuse to accept
conclusions of "the higher biblical criti
cism" which treats the Bible as a book
of human origin and fallible In spots.
The young man who commits suicide
In a fit of despondency caused by an
unsatisfactory "love affair" performs
a good service to the world, since clear
ly he Is not fitted by Nature to battle
with the more serious problems of life
which are the outgrowth of successful
"love affairs." Too many men cast in
Nature's weakest mold a mold that
cannot sustain the strain of duty and
responsibility, with the added measure
of disappointment, that falls to the lot
of the most favored In life keep up a
degree of courage until persistence In
endeavor Is most needed, when they give
up the battle because of Its stress and
leave wives and children to fight It out
alone as best they can. "While suicide
Is to be deplored as the coward's re
source or the pitiful refuge of the tem
porarily insane. It Is a matter of re
gret In many instances that, since it
was inevitable. It was too long delayed.
The Individual who goes down In the
first onset of disappointment is more
considerate though he probably" would
not put It that way than he who
throws up 'the sponge with a contract
on his hands involving the care of the
helpless and dependent.
At last, as it would seem, peace be
tween the British and the Boers Is in
sight For months the contention has
been one of mere stubbornness on the
part of detached bands of the latter, ut
terly devoid of the hope of ultimate
victory. This element Is still to be reck
oned with: hence, until the terms of
peace are definitely agreed upon 'and
signed, it Is unwise to declare that the
war is over. Still, as before said, the
end seems to be in sight After a few
years of peace, whenever peace comes,
and the practical adjustment of govern
mental functions under British rule, the
wiser of the Boer leaders will cease to
chafe at defeat, and in due time the
more intelligent among the masses will
accept the new order of things, unaware
really of any material change In their
political status.
jrirls:that it is men who read newspapers
and women who read booka This Is 1 life In the middle of the eighteenth cen
The popular Impression concerning
Lord Byron is that he wa3 not only &t
radical in politics, but also In religion;
that. If not an atheist, he was at least
an agnostic Byron, In his reply to
severe criticism-passed upon his dramas
of "Cain'- and "Heaven and Earth,"
stoutly maintained that he was as inno
cent of any Impious or irreverent
thought In the composition of these
dramas as Milton was in his composi
tion of "Paradise Lost" Among the
recently published letters of Byron are
several concerning his natural daugh
ter, Allegra, which support the view
that Byron .was neither an atheist nor
an agnostic. Allegra was born In 1817.
In 1818 Byron wrote from "Venice to
Shelley offering to receive and provide
for his daughter, then not 16 months old.
The child was first placed by Byron
with Mrs. Hoppner, the wife of the
Swiss Consul-General. Byron took most
affectionate and Judicious care "of this
child In sickness and In health. He
abandoned a Journey If she was 111; he
dismissed a servant that let her fall;
he bequeathed her $20,000 by his will.
He allowed her mother to see her, but
The Charleston fair comes at a time
Inopportune for an exhibit of the hor
ticultural products of Oregon. The ag
ricultural and mineral exhibits are ex
cellent, all things considered, but as
for an exhibit of fresh fruits "between
-seasons" that will do Justice to our
capabilities in this line, that Is mani
festly impossible. The display is, how
ever, as a whole, attractive, and does
credit not only to the state, but to those
who have provided for and managed it
Is the Democratic policy of "scuttle"
the policy of scurry or scamper from
the Philippine Islands set forth In the
programme in Congress and In the
party platform In Oregon Is It a policy
of weakness and cowardice, or a policy
merely of nonsense end folly, resting on
the long habit of opposition?
Mr. Chamberlain now speaks with
some show of earnestness against the
system of fees in the state offices. But
did he, when he was a member of the
Legislature? Did he, when Attorney
General? If he did, who will supply
the record? ' -. .
There Is a move forward in Oregon.
In politics as in everything else. And It
is time.
I know of no witness, who has had per
sonal observation of the Filipinos, who
declares them to be capable of self-government
Admiral Dewey has said he be
lieved them to be more capable of it
than the Cubans: but this proves nothing;
the Cubans have yet to demonstrate their
capacity for government Besides, Admi
ral Dewey, as a member of the Philippine
Commission, signed, the report which
states that at present the basis of self
government does not exist among the
Filipinos, and that if America should
withdraw, "the government of the Philip
pines would speedily lapse into anarchy."
The report continues: "Thus the welfare
of the Filipinos coincides with the dic
tates of National honor In forbidding our
abandonment of the archipelago. We can
not from any point of view escape the
responsibility of the government which
our sovereignty entails, and the commis
sion Is strongly persuaded that the per
formance of our National duty will prove
the greatest blessing to the people of the
Philippine Islands."
In addition to Admiral Dewey this
renort was signed by Colonel Charles
Denby, who, as Minister of the United
Stales to China during several administra
tions, became'famillar with Oriental char
acter; by President Schurmann, of Cor
nell University, who at the time of his
appointment to the commission was op
posed to our taking the Philippines; by
General Otis, and by Professor Worceater,
who has spent over three and a half
years In the study of the islands and
their people, and who Is recognized as one
of the highest authorities on all questions
relating to them. He says the people are
"utterly unfit for self-government"
Bishop Potter, who acknowledges that his
visit to the Islands considerably changed
his views, says: "It is nonsense to talk
of the native Filipinos having the ability
to organize a government of their own."
Such testimony from such sources
would seem to be decisive to every un
biased mind. And if the Filipinos are
Incapable of governing themselves, some
ono else must govern them. On whom Is
that duty more incumbent than on our
selves? The wise words of Emerson, true when
written, are peculiarly applicable today:
"We live In a new and exceptional age.
America Is another word for opportunity.
Our whole history appears like a last ef
fort of Divine Providence in behalf of the
human race: and a literal, slavish follow
ing of precedents, as by a justice of the
Peace, Is not for those who at this hour
lead the destinies of this people." Con
servatism demands precedents: progress
creates them. The first precedent Is al
ways unprecedented. The world moves.
It -Is time to dismiss "the craven fear of
being great," to recognize the place In
the world which God has given us, and
to accept the responsibilities which it de
volves upon us In behalf of Christian
civilization.
Copyright, Baker, Taylor & Co., New York.
President Cnssatt's Hnstle.
William J. Lampton, in New York Herald.
(Note President Cassatt of the Penn
sylvania Railroad, made the run from
Philadelphia to Jersey. City on Monday,
90 miles, in T9 minutes.)
The train from out the station drew
And straight for Jersey City flew.
With President Cassatt on board
To see the run was fairly scored.
Not fast at first the speed Increased
Until the flyer was released
From limitations of tho town.
And then
2
Z 1
All out for Jersey City.
And not a single thing was broke.
Midst whirling wheels and engine stroke.
Except the record. In -the dash.
And It was busted all to smash.
Gee whiz.
What a whlzzer
One of these whlzzers l
Advice to Fishermen.
As numbers of fishermen will soon bo
scouring the rural districts in quest of
trout streams, and It will be necessary
for them to make friends with tho farm
ers in order to get any information, tho
following rules of conduct are suggested:
First Always, when you meet a man
on a country road, smile pleasantly and
say: "Hello, Rube!" This will please
him. especially if he happens to be ac
companied by a lady.
Second If a farmer's dog come out and
barks at you, draw a revolver and shoot
him. The farmer will be delighted to eee
that you have spirit.
Third If you happen to fall into con
versation with a lady on the road, re
mark cheerfully that you haven't seen so
many Jays and hayseeds since the last
Populist convention.
Fourth If any man you meet directs
you to a stream, ask him If he knows
enough to tell north from south.
Fifth Inquire of every man whom you
meet If the cow hasn't eaten the bottoms
off his trousers' legs.
Sixth Always ask a pretty girl if Bhe
has ever been kissed, and if the nearest
village Is the biggest town Bhe has ever
been In.
Seventh Never shut a gate when you go
through It.
Eighth Never fail to make a playful
allusion to the whiskers of all elderly men
with whom you talk.
- Ye Song; of Ye Candidate.
Ye Manne who craveth Offlce, what a great.
good Manne Is he;
Ho Is ye First to glvo his Aide to all sweet
Charltee:
He Is ye First to advocate a wise & righteous
Rule;
He la ye First to champion ye Blessings of ye
School;
He smlleth sweetly right & left at all whom
he may meet;
His kind & genial countenance lllumlneth ya
Street.
Of all ye Mennc within y Town who noble
are and great.
Ye noblest, greatest of them alle Is he, ya
Candidate.
Hl3 Voice is ever for Reform, for better Gov
ernment; Ho showeth how ye Hobo may his evil Ways
repent.
At every Publick Meeting. Conference or Coun
ty Fair
Ye Candidate is to b seen with sweet and
courtly Air.
Ho goeth Sunday to ye Church and raiseth
loud his voice;
His Piety Is of ye kind yt maketh Menne re
joice. And when a Twenty-spotte Is found reposing la
ye Plate,
All know ye Manne yt putte It there Is he,
ye Candidate.
His Sidewalk Is In Best repair, his Street is
ever clean;
No better Premises in Towne than his are to
be seen.
Although ho weareth plain black clothes and
' smoketh cheap Cigars,
And rideth never in ye Hacks, but always oa
ye Cars,
He glveth moneys freely to ye Needy and ye
Poor,
And when ye Heeler toucheth him, he sayeth
promptly. "Sure I"
He goeth early to his Work, and eke return-
eth late.
Ye very busiest of Menne Is he, ye Candidate.
Ah! Pity 'tis a Manne so Good, so Worthy &
so gay.
Cannot be found ye Yeare around, & in our
Midst alway;
How great & grand a City our community
would be.
If here with us we ever hadde a Dozen such
as he.
Alas! he vanisheth away too soon, ah! all too
soon.
We see him never later than ye early Part of
June,
For when Election goeth bye, no Matter what
his Fate,
A Mortal, like ye Rest of us. Is he, ye Candi
date. -J. J. MONTAGUE.