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THE SimDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, APRIL 13, 1902.
TOBAeCO IN THE PHILIPPINES
HOW THE "CROP IS RAISED AND PREPARED
FOR THE MARKET if THE CHEAPEST
, v CIGARS OF THE WORLD.
WASHINGTON, D. C., April 7.
Take a smoke with me this
morning while -wo look into one
of the highest Industries of the Philip
pine Islands. We shall suppose ourselves
In Manila, and we need not be afraid of
leading others astray by using the weed.
This is no Sunday-school country. Here
the men smoke like chimneys and the
women go about with cigarettes in their
mouths. The boys begin to puff nicotine
before they can talk, and girls of 8, 10 and
32 pout for their daily allowance of black
cigarettes.
Look out there on the street! See the
girls riding by In that cart. They are
smoking cigars! Those boys on their way
;to school are puffing away, and there on
the opposite side of the street is a child
playing marbles with a cigarette balanced
over each ear.
These Filipinos smoke everywhere, and
no one thinks of asking permission. They
puff between their courses at meals. Your
ihoctess offers you a smoke as soon as you
enter the house, and if you invite her she
will probably Join you. The priests smoke
on the streets, the ladles smoke in their
parlors, and there Is not a Government
(office in which the clerks, both native and
lAmerlcacs, do not smoke while at work,
fit is the same in the banks. In the stores,
bind, in fact, everywhere.
The Cheapest Clgrars of the "World.
What kind of a cigar will you take?
jHere is one wrapped in tin t oil. That cigar
fin the United States would sell for 25
cents. It is the most expensive thing of
(the kind in the islands, and it costs $4
per hundred, or Just 4 cents apiece. Think
tef getting a Quarter cigar for less than a
nickel! That ls?the price at which they
bell here, and I venture you can buy a
(good smoke In Manila for less -money than
anywhere else in the world. Cigars equal
jto our nickel cigars are sold for 1 cent in
isllver or half a cent gold. Our "ten cent
ers" would bring less than 2 cents in Ma
siila, and a fair cigar can be had for a
cent. Our soldiers usually buy their ci
gars by the thousand, and "but few fit
them, including the officers, pay more than
1 cent a smoke.
Filipino Cigarettes.
. Cigarettes are fully as cheap. They are
put up In packages of 30, and the lowest
priced package sells for a cent. The very
best is worth 4 cents American, so that
leeven of the best "coffin pegs" cost you
only 1 cent.
The Filipino cigarettes are manufactured
almost exclusively for the native trade.
(Many are hand-made, one factory turning
out 24,000,000 cigarettes every week, or so
many that within a month it could give a
smoke to every man, woman and child in
our country and nave 20,000,000 to spare.
The Filipino tobacco Is darker than ours
pnd the cigarette tobacco Is almost black.
It is a pure tobacco and not doctored with
teweets and flavoring extracts, so that it Is
Bald it can be smoked with less Injury to
the nerves. The cigarettes of both coun
tries are of the same size and shape, save
fhat only one end of the Filipino cigarette
s open, the white paper at the other end
being turned in. You always light the
closed end.
Among tbe Clgror Girls of Manila.
Manila exports about 200,000,000 cigars
every year. It has enormous factories,
employing thousands of hands, and it is
said to have the most expert cigarmakers
bf the world. The best of these are girls,
bur Filipino cousins have long, slender
fingers, which they use with a swiftness
and skill which our best clgarrollers have
not. They roll all cigars -by hand, and
the greatest care Is taken in making and
classifying the finer grades.
Let us visit one of the large cigar facto
ries. "We find them all over Manila. They
are situated even in the heart of the city,
and one of the biggest is Just next door to
the leading hotel. The building is one of
three stories, with oyster-shell windows
and with floors which could be used for
making pianos, the. wood Is so fine The
factory covers three or four acres. It has j
many large Tooms, some of which are S00 j
ifeet long. These rooms are filled with
workmen. The factory employs 3000 hands,
WHAT THE COURTS DECIDE
'N Texas a person may be convicted
of betting, for playing "crackloo," a
game played by throwing coin at a
track in the floor, holds the Court of
Criminal Appeals of Texas in the case of
Donathan vs. State (66 S. W. Rep., 781).
Can't Climb Through "Window.
An officer. In order to execute civil pro
cess, cannot climb through an open win
flow of the defendant's dwelling. If that
Is an unusual place of entry, holds the
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas in the
tease of Hillman vs. Edwards (66 S. W.
tRep., 788). '
Duty of Notary Public.
Giving notice of dishonor of protested
paper is, in the absence of contrary in-,
structlons, an official duty of a notary
public, in Nebraska, for neglect of which
en action is maintainable by the party
injured, upon his official bond, holds the
Supreme Court of Nebraska in the case of
Dartmouth Sav. Bank vs. Foley (89 N. AV.
tRep., 395).
Police Chief Liable.
Where a woman was unlawfully arrest
ed by a policeman, and locked up at the
police station, and was confined there
more than 50 hours after the Chief of
Police had knowledge thereof, and was
then discharged by his order, no com
plaint being made agalnet her, and she
Slot being taken before- any court, the
Chief of Police having the authority to j
say whether she should be kept there, and
when she should be released, the Supreme
Judicial Court of Massachusetts in the
case of Martin vs. Golden (62 N. E. Rep.,
877) holds that a verdict against both the
policeman who made the arrest and the
'Chief of Police for damages for false im
prisonment Is Justified.
Island Belong to State.
An island was formed in a navigable
stream, and by reason of Its accretions
.gradually Joined the mainland. In an
action of ejectment to determine the own
ership of the Island, the Supreme Court
of California In the case of Glassell vs.
Hansen (67 Pac. Rep., 964) holds that the
Island, with the accretions, belonged to
the state and its grantees, and not to the
owner of the mainland.
Victim Jfot Xegrligrcnt.
A pedestrian who falls Into a hole in
a sidewalk cannot, as a matter of law,
be held negligent because she was at
the time talliingv to a companion, holds
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in
the case of Butcher vs. City of Phila
delphia, (51 At!. Rep., 330).
(Question of Delusion.
On the issue of Insane delusions, the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. In re
Bennett's Estate (51 Atl. Rep., 336), holds
" Tan ,
HHhhSHh l ? bHBsdHIHBf BSBHE SlHHBBaHRHm BE'-IHHBiHIHKSBllBBv y3r8R2j'Tf',.v''15ijlBliBBHH
and the most of the 3000 are of the femi-
nine gender. '
"We enter the building and walk up the ,
siairs. xne ncn smell of the tobacco noats
down, and a titllating dust comes into our
nostrils. "We pass through a wide door and
find ourselves right in the midst of an
acre of women. About 1000 Filipinos of all
ages are sitting about. us handling tobac
co with their long, yellow Angers. They
are dressed in white, and their dark
faces shine out over the snowy handker
chiefs they have pinned around their
shoulders. All wear decollete dresses,
and those who have thrown off their neck
covering on account of the heat, look as
If dressed for a ball. Here and there a
dress has been pulled to one side, and a
mahogany shoulder shines out. All are In
their bare feet, and we can see the shape
ly ankles and the upturned soles and toes
of those who are working about us. They
RECENT FINDINGS OF INTEREST TO THE LAITY
AND LAWYERS.
that it Is never a question of soundness
of view, but the proper Inquiry always Is -whether
the party imagined or conceived J
something to exist which did not In fact j
exist, and which no rational person, In j
the absence of evidence, would havo be- j
lieved to exist.
Divorced "Wife I Beneficiary.
The divorced wife of a member of a fra
ternal order, who was named as the bene
ficiary in the benefit certificate while she
was the member's wife, was held by the
Supreme Court of California. In the case
of Courtols vs. Grand Lodge, etc (67 Pac. j
Rep., '970), to be entitled to the benefit
fund on the death of the member, who
died without in any way changing the 1
beneficiary. , j
Pmnenser Assnrae.i Risk. j
A passenger standing on the side steps
of an open street-car, when there Is '
room Inside, Is held by , the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania in the case of
Woodruffe vs. Roxborough, etc, com
pany (51 Atl. Rep., 324), to assume the
risk, so that there can be no recovery
for his being struck by a pole support
ing the electric wires.
Bondholder Entitled to Payment. j
Under an act authorizing a town to j
issue bonds and use the proceeds to pay i
other bonds legally issued and remain- '
lng unpaid, the Court of Errors and I
Appeals of New Jersey (51 Atl. Rep., j
274) holds that the holder of such un
paid bonds Is entitled to payment of
thein, even though Judgments have been
recovered upon the coupons taken from i
said bonds after the bonds became due. '
when the proper municipal authorities
naa determined they shall be paid under I
the provisions of the act.
Must Hnve a License.
A person advertising himself as a doc
tor and practicing osteopathy Is held by
the Supreme Court of Illinois, in the
case of People, etc, vs. Gordon (62 N.
E. Rep., S5S), to be engaged in the prac
tice of medicine, though he does not
use drugs, medicines or instruments in
his treatment, and is subject to pen
alty for practicing without a license.
Rishts of a nelljxloun Society.
The refusal of a Bishop of the Roman
Catholic Church to recognize 'a society
organized as a Roman Catholic Churcli
society Is held by the Supreme Judicial
Court of Massachusetts In the case of
Canadian Religious Association vs. Par
menter (62 N. E. Rep.. 740) not to prevent J
the society and its officers exercising the
powers or a religious corporation con
ferred by law, nor prohibits members from
maintaining their religious worship.
Ruling: on Suicide Clause.
Where, In an action on a life Insurance
policy, providing that the "policy Is void
in case of death, by suicide," the Insured
are sitting at long tables not quite a foot
high. Some are on stools, but most have
their legs bent under them; others so sit
that their knees rise above the tables in
what seems to us a most uncomfortable
way.
They work rapidly. Notice this pretty
maid at the right. She picks up a leaf of
tobacco from that pile before her. She
spreads it out upon the table and pounds
it with a stone to make it lie flat. To
this leaf she adds another, then another;
and so on until she has enough for a
long, black cigar. She now rolls this rap
Idly around in her delicate Angers, and
then, putting it between her pearly teeth,
she bites off its end, kissing the cigar, as,
it were, before she lays it away. That
should be a smoke for a king, and that is
how the girls make cigars In Manila.
You must not think, however, that all of
the cigarmakers are beautiful nor that all
died from the effect of a pistol shot fired
by his own hand, the Supreme Court of
Illinois m the case of Central Mutual Life
Association vs. Anderson (62 N. E. Rep.,
S2S) holds that such provision is not a
defense if the shooting was Involuntary
or done while he was Insane
Judgment Is Inadequate.
A verdict of $309 damages for the death
of a child In a railway accident was set
aside and a new trial granted by the Su
preme Co.irt of New York in the case of
TVIllsen vs. Metropolitan Street Railway
(74 N. Y. Supp.. V74), on the ground of
gross inadequacy. In its opinion the court
said: "The verdict Is for $300, but the
funeral expense and other special damages
not contested and conclusively proved
amount to $1S1, thus leaving less than a
trifle over $100 as the figure placed by the
Jury ns the value of a human life. . . .
The verdict Is perverse and the damages
arbitrarily and capriciously fixed at such a
low figure as to shock the moral sense."
Rnsnlnn "Free Sugrar."
"Free sugar,',' sd'-called, exported from
Russia to this country. Is held by the
United States Circuit Court of Appeals In
the case of Downs vs. United States (113
Fed. Rep., 144) to be subject to the addi
tional duty imposed by section 5 of the
tariff .act of 1897. The laws of Russia,
holds the court, bestow a bounty or grant
upon the exportation of so-called "free
sugar," so as to work a benefit or ad
vantage to the exporter In two ways:
First, by remitting tho excise tax due
upon the sugar exported, and, second, by
the issuance by the Government to the
exporter of a certificate of exportation,
which authorizes the sale In the domestic
market of an equal quantity of "free re
serve or free surplus" sugar without the
payment of the additional tax otherwise
required to be paid thereon, and which
certificate Is transferable and has a sub
stantial market value
Credibility of Expert Witness.
An expert medical witness cannot be dis
credited by reading an opposite opinion
from a textbook In the presence of the
Jury, and asking whether it is correct,
where he has In no way referred to the
book to sustain his opinion, or otherwise
relied on it holds the Supreme Court of
North Carolina, in the case of Butler vs.
South Carolina, etc. 40 S. E. Rep., 770).
Jndfire Interrogating: Witnesses.
While it Is the right of a trial judge to
Interrogate witnesses, when essential to
the administration of Justice, holds the
Supreme Court of Nebraska. In the case
of Leo vs. State (89 N. W. Rep., 303). yet
the practice of so doing except when ab
solutely necessary, should be discouraged.
Shipowners Are Liable.
The owners of a ship are liable for an
injury to a carpenter, employed by a
firm which had been hired to make re
have sweet lips or pearly white teeth.
Among them we see many gray-haired old
women, with fangs as black as the tobacco
they bite, and some, we'shudder to notice,
chew the betel at Intervals during their
work.
The most of the cigars are made by the
piece, the best women earning as much as
$3 per week, while the ordinary girl does
very well if she can make 25 cents a day.
In other rooms of this factory the workers
are men and boys. The women are the
more skillful, and the best of the cigars
aro made by them.
The Philippine cigars are of six different
grades, ranging from light brown to al
most black. The tobacco is not so heavy
as our American article. It contains less
nicotine and is less stimulating. "It com
pares," says an old American smoker,
"with our leaf as beer does with whisky.
"When the American wants a smoke he
pairs or changes in the interior of tho
ship to fit It for cargo, and who was sent
till UUtUU fc-W VVU&JW UUllUb fcG AAtt,. i
fell through a hatchway In a dark and
unusual place which had been negligently
left open, without notification of warning j
to those who were doing the work, (west
India, etc. Company vs. Welbel, 113 Fed.
Rep., 169, United States Circuit Court of
Appeals.)
Ground for a. New Trial.
Peremptorily forcing one indicted for a
criminal offense to trial, immediately af
ter the appointment of counsel to defend
him, without giving to such counsel an op
portunity to make an Investigation of the
case or prepare for the defense. Is held
by the Supreme Court of Georgia, In the
case of McArver vs. State (40 S. E. Rep.,
779) to be ground for a new trial.
Principal Is TVot Liable.
If an agent whose authority is limited
to purchasing with cash furnished him
by his principal buys on credit, the Su
preme Court of Georgia, In the case of
the Amerlcus Oil Company vs. Gurr (40
S. R Rep., 780), holds that the principal
Is not liable for the price of things so
bought, and one who deals with such a
special agent Is bound to Inform himself
as to the extent of the agent's authority.
Straightening: a Theological Kink.
Passengers In an uptown car one after
noon last week were very much entertained
and amused by a discussion of things
spiritual by two colored passengers. As
the debate waxed warmer the voices of
the debaters grew louder until what was
said was plainly audible to all In the car.
After each had made a confession of faith
and given his views of the means whereby
mortal man could gain salvation, one of
the pair blurted out In a tone that Implied
that all his hope for the next world was
embodied In the words:
"Well, sah, I b'lleve dat what's gwlne- to
be Is sho'ly gwine to be."
"Huh!" grunted his companion, con
temptuously. "Den yo b'Heves in pre
medltashun." Baltimore Sun.
Irresistible Temptation.
Representative McCleary, of Minnesota,
tells a story of the man who was running
what la known In that country as a "blind
pig." In the East the establishment would
be known as a "speak-easy."
According to Mr. McCleary, the man
was arrested, tried, convicted and fined.
He went back and again engaged In the
business. He was again arrested, again
tried, again convicted and again fined. He
returned to his illegal business. After the
performance had been repeated several
times, the Magistrate questioned him:
"How long," disked the Magistrate, "are
you going to keep this thing going?"
"As long," was the reply, "as there's 8
cents profit In a 10-cent drink." Washing
ton Post.
The Doivnivard Path.
"There goes a man who started life
as a bartender, and now he's a member
of the Legislature."
"You don't say? I suppose the im
possibility of .avoiding evil associations
in His business was responsible for It."
wants something he can feel, and I doubt
if our people will ever care to use the
tnlld cigars of the Philippine Islands."
The best Philippine tobacco comes from
the Island of Luzon and the very choicest
from the Valley of the Rio Grande River
In tho northeastern end of that island.
The Rio Grande River Is a large stream,
navigable for email boats for many miles.
Its valley north and south Is over 100
miles long, with a width of from Ave to
20 miles. The river is subject to annual
floods, during which quantities of rich
silt arc brought down from the mountains
and spread over the valley. This fertilizes
It as the Nile does Egypt and gives it a
soil which can be used for tobacco culturo
year after year without other fertilization.
There are four large provinces In this val
ley, In which little elsa than tobacco and
Indian corn are grown.
In addition to this territory there Is a
strip of land In Northwestern Luzon which
has many plantations. The tobacco there
is not so good nor Is It raised in such quan.
titles. Many of the farmers are Igorrote
Indians. There are also other small plan
tations In the other islands of the archipel
ago. Panay raises quite a good deal, and
portions are grown in Mindoro, Marin
duque and Mindanao. Outsldo Luzon the
most of the crop la consumed at home,
very little being exported.
How the Tobacco Is Grown.
The tobacco of the Philippines la grown.
In small patches, although one of the Ma
nila tobacco companies has one planta
tion on which are several thousand hands.
The average tobacco farm consists of but
a few acres, and its owner produces but
three or four bales of tobacco a year. The'
seed Is first sown in beds, Just as In the
United States. After the plants have well
sprouted they are set out about two or
three feet apart; so close. Indeed, that, it
Is said, there are sometimes 10,000 tobacco
plants to one acre. The planting Is done
late In the Fall, and by March and April
the leaves arc ready for harvest. The crop
must be kept weeded, and every morn
ing the plants must be gone over for
worms. This work Is done entirely, by
women and girls. The tobacco leaves are
cured In sheds and then allowed to fer
ment, and then dried in the air.
"When ready for market they are put up
GEORGE ADE'S
ONCE there was a Family called
Jump that had sampled every
Ward within the Corporation Limits.
The Jumps did a Caravan Specialty every
time the Frcet went out of the Ground.
When the Sarsaparllla Adds began to
blossom, and the Peach Crop had been
ruined by the late Cold Snap and the Kids
were batting up Files in the Lot back of
th Universallst Church, and a Barrel
Organ down Street was tearing the Soul
out of "Trovatore" these were the Cues
for Mrs. Jump to get her Nose Into the
Air and begin to champ at the Bit.
Mother was a House-Huntei from away
back. She claimed to be an Invalid 11
menths out of the Year and took Nerve
Medicine that cost $2 a Bottle. Just the
same, when April hove into view and
Dame Nature began to stretch herself,
then Mother put on her Short Skirt and a
pair of Shoes Intended for a Man and did
a tall Prance.
She was good for 12 hours a Day on any
kind of Pavements. With her Reticule
loaded full of "To Let" Clippings, she hot
footed from Street ttf Street. Every time
sh'e struck a Fresh Trail she broke Into
a Run.
Mother wag looking for a House that
had twice as many Closets as Rooms and
a Southern Exposure on all four sides.
She had conned herself Into the Belief
that some day she would run down a
KQueen Anne Shack that would be O. K.
In all Particulars.
In the Magazine that came every Month
she had seen these Dream-Pictures of Pal
aces that can be put up for $1500, If you
steal your Materials.
She had gazed at the Bunco Illustration
of the swell Structure with bushy Trees
dotting the Lawn and a little Girl rolling
a Hoop along the Cement Sidewalk and
she had set her Heart on that kind of a
Home.
Mother loved to study the Plans and
count the Bath-Rooms and figure on Win
dow Seats and what kind of Curtains
to put in the Guest Chamber.
Every Spring she found the Place she
j had been seeking and gave a Grand Signal
ior tne wnoie uuttit to begin packing up.
Those were the bright vernal Days when
Mr. Jump got all that was coming to
him. Mr. Jump was a Man, therefore any
old kind of a Hut suited him. For eight
years before starting on his continuous
Tour with Mother, he had roomed over a
Drug Store.
His Apartment had been one of those
j delectable Man-Joints where women
j riever butted in to hide things and give the
whole Place a Soapy Smell.
The Sweepings went under the Bed, so
as not to Utter the Hallway.
Once a Year he had a House-Cleaning.'
In bundles of 100 leaves each, tied with
strings of rattan. Forty such bundles
make a bale, so that there are Just 4000
leaves to the bale. The bales are wrapped
In mats of banana leaves, and tied with
rattan. In this shape they are floated
down the Rio Grande or other rivers In
covered boats to the seaports, whence they
go by steamer to Manila. The chief to
bacco port of Luzon is Aparrl, at the
mouth of the Rio Grande River.
There are a number of tobacco com
panies here of large capital, which handle
both leaf tobacco and cigars and cigar
ettes. The business is about equally di
vided between the Spaniards and Ger
mans, with the Spaniards In the lead. The
several companies have their branch
houses in the Cagayan Valley. They send
out agents, who buy of the farmers and
ship the crops to Manila. Some of the
companies are large, one having a capital
of J15.000.000 gold. It employs altogether
In the neighborhood of 10,000 hands and
has steamers of its own to carry Its to
bacco from the plantations to Manila.
It has great warehouses there where the
leaf Is packed for shipment, and also
cigar and cigarette factories. It annually
produces about 100.000,000 cigars and about
half a million cigarettes, in addition to
some millions of pounds of cut tobacco.
Baling; for Export.
I visited one of the warehuoses of thl3
oompany and watched the process of
sorting the tobacco and baling it for ex
port. The packages are opened as soon
as they come in, and the leaves carefully
sorted and graded, being kept as far as
possible In the original bundles. After
sorting they are laid one on top of another
In the shape of a bale about four feet
long and two feet square. This bale is
wrapped in matting made of banana leaves
'and then pressed.
The pressing Is done by a screw worked
on tho principle of a letter press. The
screw Is moved around by a score of Chi
nese, who push upon, levers attached to a
wheel In which the screw is fastened.
After the bale has been pressed to the de
sired dimensions it is again bound with
strips of rattan and marked for shipment
to Europe.
The work of handling the tobacco Is done
MODERN FABLE
HOW MRS. JUMP HAD HER
OF HOUSE HUNTING.
That is to say, he employed a Colored Man
to beat the rugs, which had to be separ
ated from the Floor by means of a Shovel.
Inasmuch as Women never came in to
straighten up, he knew where to find
everything. He knew it was somewhere in
the Room and all he had to do was to
excavate until he found it.
Then he hooked up with Laura so as to
get a real Home and she gave him. a new
one every Year.
Mr. Jump soon discovered that although
every Man Is the Architect of his own
Fortune, the Wife usually superintends
the Construction.
When Mr3. Jump made her Spring An
nouncement that they would move to an
other House, he did a deal of Kicking,
but he always went Into tho Wood Shed
to do It He saesed her Inwardly, but not
so that she could hear.
She was a Wonder at framing up Rea
sons for hurling the Lease back at the
Landlord.
One Year she quit because the Owner
papered the Upstairs with a Jay Pattern
that cost only 15 cents a Bolt. Another
time the Family next door kept Chickens.
Usually the Children across the Alley were
not fit Associates for their own little
Brood.
One Time she quit on account of a Cock
roach. She saw It scoot across the Pan
try and that afternoon she headed for a
Renting Agency.
Father suggested that Instead of vacat
ing in favor of the Cockroach, they offer
a reward of $100 for Its capture, dead or
alive, and thereby save a little Money,
but she refused to listen.
If the Plumbing wasn't out of Whack,
the Furnace required too much Coal or
else the Woman across the Street had
been divorced too many times.
If they squatted in a low-down Neigh
borhood, Mrs. Jump was ashamed to give
her Address to Friends in the Congrega
tion. If they got Into a Nest of the New Rich,
then Laura, had the freeze-out worked on
her, because Mr. Jump was on a Salary
and she had to ride on the Trolleys. So
she began looking for a Street In which In
tellect would successfully stack up against
the good, old Collateral. And, of course,
that meant a long Search.
Therefore, every May 1st something Red
and about the size of a Caboose backed
up to the Jumps'. Several husky Boys
began throwing Things out of the Win
dows. Father did a Vanishing Act. When It
i come to lifting one corner of a Piano or
hanging pictures he was a sad Bluff and
he knew it.
"How about Paradise?" he asked one
daj. "I understand that Inside of the
Pearly Gates each Family has Perma
nent Quarters. There are no Folding Beds
to juggle down Back Stairways, no Pic
ture Cords to Shorten; no Curtain Poles
very cheaply and not as carefully as it
should be. The labor is everywhere so
cheap that if the United States should
remove its tariff on tobacco it will be
sent by the ship load to our markets.
Philippines -vs. the United Stntes
and Cuba.
In that case there would be at once an
immense increase In the tobacco area. I
am told there are vast tracts of wild land
In the islands that might be xised for to
bacco raising. Much of this belongs to
the government, and It will probably soon
be offered for sale. Under the present
conditions there Is no reason for alarm,
for tho market for Philippine tobaccos is
already fixed.
The most of the product now goes to Eu
rope and the greater part to Spain. Of the
leaf exports In 1S07 Europe took In round
numbers 24.000.000 pounds; England, 5,000,
000; Singapore and India. 973,000; China and
Japan, 274,000, and Australia, 3200 pounds.
"We took cigars only, of which we imported
that year 2,500,000 as against Europe's
30,000,000, Great Britain's 21.000,000 and
Asia's 95,000,00. Cuba's tobacco crop ex
ceeds that of the Philippines by many mil
lion pounds. It produces twice as much
tobacco annually as the export of the
Philippine leaf, but Its exports of 'cigars
are. about the same, each closely approxi
mating 200,000,000 per year.
TVe Lend the World.
Our own tobacco crop Is the biggest of
all the world. It amounts to more than
400,000,000 pounds, or about four-fifths a3
much as the tobacco crop of all Europe.
Our tobacco Is very cheap, and Is desira
ble for mixing with and fortifying the Eu
ropean leaf. It may be that a combina
tion of It with the Philippine leaf will pro
duce excellent results.
The Philippine leaf Is darker than our
American tobacco. This is especially so
with fche cigarettes, which are as black as
burnt coffee.
The people of the far east like the Ma
nila cigars. They are the favorite smoke
of the swells of China, Japan and India
not only on account of their quality, but
also of their cheapness.
Spain's Tobacco Monopoly.
The Philippine Islands have not been de
veloped along the lines of tobacco culture
largely because of the government monop
oly, which prevailed here until about
20 years ago. For 100 years prior to that
time tobacco planting and tobacco selling
were entirely in the hands of the Spanish
government. The people of the Rio Grande
Valley were compelled to plant tobacco
on penalty of losing their lands. Every
unmarried man had to set out 4000 plants
every year, and he who had a wife was
expected to raise at least SOOO plants. Tho
government practically owned the lands,
and any land that was not in tobacco for
three years in succession was liable to
pass out of the hands of the man who
lived upon It.
The government regulated Just how the
tobacco should be raised and cured. It pro
hibited the planters from selling to any
one but the government officials, and It
fixed Its own prices, which were 50 per
cent less than those paid in 18S3, when the
monopoly was abolished. The planter
could not even smoke his own tobacco ex
cept in certain places and at certain times.
His house was subject to search for con
cealed leaves, and the officials sometimes
even searched the persons of his family.
Including his wife and daughters on the
pretense of preventing smuggling. Insults
committed on this pretext frequently
caused the death of the officials.
The laws provided Just where the to
bacco should be raised and how it should
be handled at Manila. The government had
five large factories in which 20,000 men and
women were employed. It required 400 offi
cials to manage the tobacco bureau, and
the income from, the monopoly was about
$5,000,000 a year. At the last the govern
ment began to pay the planters In treas
ury notes Instead of cash. These sold for
only 50 cents on the dollar. They caused
great misery and Anally brought about
such opposition that the monopoly wa3
abolished. This was on the 31st of Decem
ber. 1SS2. Since then the business has been
In the hands of private parties, but It haa
always been more or less hampered with
tariff and other restrictions, and has not
had the opportunity for development
which it should have under our govern
ment. FRANK G. CARPENTER.
(Copyright, 1902, by Frank G. Carpenter.)
ANNUAL ATTACK
to saw off, no Book Cases to get jammed
In Stairways. I am sure there will be
no Piano-Movers, for I have heard their
Language. Do you "think you can be
happy In tho Promised Land?"
"It will depend entirely on whether or
not tho Rugs fit," she replied.
"Let U3 hope for the Beet," said Mr.
Jump.
Moral The Queen of the May Is usually
a Woman.
(Copyright, 1902, by Robert Howard Rus
sel.) Fuel Was Very Spicy.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
First tourist Isn't this lovely? Just
think! Pharaoh lived here, and and
Cheops, and and Moses! It make3 your
head swim, doesn't it?
Second tourist I guess it's the bad
air. It hurts my head, too. Is that
the Nile over there?
"Mercy, I suppose so. Isn't it dirty?
It doesn't seem as If Cleopatra could
have ridden In her barge to meet Marc
Antony down that horrid stream, does
it?"
"No, it doesn't. But that was a long
time ago, wasn't it?"
"I believe so. Fve seen the play, but
I don't remember just when it was."
"See that crocodile basking in the
sun!"
"Is he basking? Oh, Maud, that re
minds me. How are you going to have
your new basque trimmed?"
"Mercy, there's the Sphinx!"
"What's the Sphinx?"
"Why, it's a thing that asked riddles,
you know. Dear me, I'm not sure
whether that's the Sphinx or one of the
pyramids. Just look at those children!
They must be going In swimming."
"Look there! That must be the desert.
But I can't see any caravans. Perhaps
it isn't a desert. Maybe' lt'3 a mirage."
"What's a mirage, dear?"
"Oh, It's something they see In deserts.
Everything Is upside down, you know."
"Isn't that just awful? Oh, see that
handsome native! What a picture!
"He's playing on the concertina and
passing his hat."
"What a shame! My, Isn't It nice to
travel on a railroad where they don't
have any smoke or cinders?"
"Yes: and do you notice what a balmy
odor comes in the window?"
"Yes. Isn't It fragrant? So spicy. Can't
you smell the cloves? Ah-a-a, I like to
breathe It In."
"So do I. I'll ask the conductor what
It Is. There he la. Conductor, please!"
The conductor Well, ma'am?
"Conductor, where does that spicy
smell come from?"
"From the locomotive, ma'am. We
use nothing but mummies for fuel on
this line, ma'am."