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(Copyright, 1001, by Prank G. Carpenter.)
50LO, State of Soerkarta, Java,
June 5 Have you ever heard ot
the Sultan of Solo? I don't
mean the Sultan of Sulu.The
latter Is a little slx-by-nlne na-
jfoob In the lower part of the Philippine
(Islands. The Sultan of Solo Is the. great est
native ruler of Java. He has millions of
subjects In his own province of Soerkarta,.
end the most of the 25,000,000 Javanese
people look up to him as the successor of
'Mahomet, and the Intermediary between
them and their God. r
I have written something of the Sultan
cf Djokjakarta. This Sultan is a much
greater man. His capital city Is the
largest native city In Java, and it has in
the heart of It a vast palace inclosure,
containing thousands of nobles, servants
end slaves. I am told that there are 25,000
.people living: Inside the palace walls.
These include the Princes and all the other
relatives -of the imperial family and their
retinues.
They also Inclose a vast female popula
tion. All Mohammedans have the right
to more wian one wife, and the Sultan can
inave as many as he wishes. He has one
head wife and numerous concubines, as
well as many female slaves and servants.
The ladles of. the harem, proper seldom
come outside the palace and they are not
'Been by the men who call upon his Majes
ty. The Sultana, or head wife, often
takes a party with her when she goes out
driving, but at other times the looser
forms of Mohammedan seclusion are pre
served. The most of the women In the
palace are noblewomen. They are the
daughters of the native chiefs, and they
esteem it an honor to be chosen as wives
of his Majesty.
Hovr the Women Dress.
I have described the dress of the ladles
of the Djokja court. It Is much the same
in Solo. According to law the thousands
of women inside the palace wear decollete
dresses. All, except the Sultana and the
princesses, are perfectly bare as to their
6houlders and arms. They have a special
pattern of dress which Is not permitted
to be worn outside the palace, and their
Earongs. although made of calico, are
very expensive, for they are all , decorated
by hand by the artistic printers of the
kingdom.
The women's dress is somewhat as fol
lows: First there is a strip of calico, or
namented with original decorations, abrilit
three yards long and a foot wide, which
is wrapped round and round the body Just
under the armpits, binding the breasts so
tightly that it is often Injurious to health.
The upper part of the shoulders and arms
has no covering, and there Is a strip
of bare yellow skin, from three to six
Inches wide, between the breast band and
the sarong-like skirt which forms the rest
of the costume. The skirt is also bound
very tightly about the body and the -waists
are considerably compressed. The Javan- i
ese girl is quite as proud of her small
waist as her American sister, and she Is
very particular a9 to the pattern of her
sarong.
She spends much time also upon her
teeth, not In making them white, but In
giving them the Jet black hue which is
fashionable among the natives of this
part of the world. Both here and In the
Philippines both sexes blacken their teeth,
end almost every tribe has a different
method of filing them. In Mindanao I saw
hundreds of men and women who had
their teeth hollow ground, just a6 though
they had taken a rat-tall file and scooped
out the front of their teeth.
Fashion in Jnvn.
In Java the men sometimes file their
teeth to a point, so that the upper and
lower Jaw each contain a ragged saw, the
-teeth of which fit into one another like a
steel rat trap. The women file their teeth
off straight, and sometimes cut them down
at the sides so that they are almost
square. They laugh at the white teeth ot
the foreigners, and say that we have teeth
like dogs, for dogs have white teeth.
They sometimes file off or pull out the
canine teeth because these teeth resemble
dog teeth. A well-filed set of teeth Is a
girl's badge of womanhood. It Is her
coming-out dress, as It were.
After a girl's teeth have been filed, she
is supposed to be ready for marriage, and
the boys begin to make sheep's eyes at
her. The filing Is a painful ordeal, and it
ERRATIC COU
The Inability of the surgeons who at
tended President McKlnley In his last
illness to locate the fatal bullet, Is, to a
great extent, explained In the following
article by Dr. George A. Leech, on the
erratic course taken by bullets after en
tering the human body, and which Is re
produced from the New York Journal.
Dr. Leech has just returned from South
Africa, where he acted as surgeon for the
wounded of the British and Boer armies.
Some surprise has been manifested that
gangrene should have developed in the
case of President McKlnley. The setting
in of gangrene is one of the most natural
sequences of bullet wounds. In the South
African War and also in the Spanish
American War there were no cases of
severe wounds where death ensued, in
Great Mohammedan Potentate, Who Rules Over
Millions of Human Beings. Who Believe Him
Their Intermediary With God. and Whose
Court Consists of 25.000 People. Who Live
in a Vast Palace in the Heart of the Largest
Native City in theJDutch East Indies. ?
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19 not all done at once. When it is first
begun. It Is In the presence of a family
party, and a feast follows. After this the
teeth are blackened with a mixture of
soot and Iron filings, which makes them
shine like polished jet.
In going through the palace grounds I
found many women at work In their
homes, printing the sarongs ' or skirts
which form the chief dress of the people.
Each sarong Is about two yards In length
and about a yard wide. It is merely a
strip of fine white cotton, upon which the
designs are sketched out for the printers.
The designs are made with melted wax
flowing from a little pencil with a bowl
of liquid wax In the end. After the de
sign Is sketched the dye will only take In
the unwaxed parts of the pattern, so that
it must be carefully put on. Some of the
designs require weeks and months to com
plete, and the skirts when finished arc al
most as costly as an American gown. The
strip of cotton In the beginning is per
haps worth 30 cents, but In the hands of a
fine artist it may be so printed that It be
comes worth ?30 or more. The commoner
designs sell for $2 or $3, but there are
many which are very expensive.
Ilnrd on the Eyes.
The work is very hard on the eyes, and
I noticed that many of the women had on
spectacles. Some of these sarongs are
printed by machinery, but the hand-made
ones are more beautiful and are In great
demand. There are streets in the bazaars
which sell nothing else. Those worn by
the men are much the same as those of
the women, and there are millions of such
skirts sold every year.
The Sultan of Solo controls all execu
tions, and, to a large extent, all the
punishments of his p'eople. His control,
however, is more nominal than real.
There is a Dutch resident Governor here
who tells his majesty how he should act,
and the Dutch really run all the courts
and Impose the fines. I saw 50 men and
women with ropes around their necks all
tied together awaiting trial the other day
In front of oneof the government offices.
They were In charge of native police
men and were surrounded by natives, but
the Judge Inside the court was a Dutch
man, and It was he who imposed the
fines.
I It was a curious sight. The cO were
' roped together In such a way that one
which gangrene had not first developed.
When once a bullet strikes the human
body and enters trvs flesh its course be
comes a matter of mystery. So many
things may deflect It, Its progress Is in
fluenced by so many different forces, that
one need not be surprised to find It any
where but In the place It Is most looked
for. A bullet may be fired point-blank
Into a body and In such a manner that
Its course, to all appearances, cannot be
otherwise than straight.' Yet post-mortem
examinations have shown that these very
bullets have taken circuitous routes
through the tissues, organs and even
bones- of the body. During my surgical
practice In South Africa with the Boer
and British armies, I came upon many
anomalies In the courses of missiles. One
PHOTOGRAPHS OF
THE StTNDAT ''OREGOmAN, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER- 3, 1901.
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could not run without dragging the whole
crowd after him. On the veranda In front
of them were native scribes In turbans
and sarongs, with krls-llke swords in
their belts at the back. These were the
clerks of the court. Each had a great
pile of coppers beside him, the collections
of fines and the funds for making the
change. The veranda was filled with na-.
fives of various ranks.
I made my way through the crowd and
was admitted to the courtroom. The
Judge was a good-looking Hollander,
dressed In white duck, with a handsome" J
young native in turban and sarong squat
ting on the floor near hjs feet. The native
was the prosecutor and Interpreter. As I
waited 'a criminal was summoned. He
was made to crawl In on his heels and
he sat on his heels while ho was cross
examined, the witnesses coming In and
sitting on their heels about him.
More Father Than Judge.
As far as I could see, the Dutch Judge
did his best to get at the truth. He was
looked up to more as a father than a
Judge, and this Is the relation that the
Government tries to maintain with the
people. The cases were petty ones. No
fine of more than $10 was Imposed during
my stay in the courtroom, and some of
the fines were but a few cents. One man
had been out without a lantern. A Jeal
ous woman was arrested for an assault
upon her lover, and a very pretty girl was
sent to prison tor petty larceny. I
watched the clerks paying the witnesses.
They received 2 cents for each mile they
had traveled In coming to the court, and
were paid In coppers.
The Sultan of Solo has a large revenue.
Everything in the country nominally be
longs to him. He owns all the lands and
rents out a large part of them to for
eign planters. He receives 125,000 guldens
a month from the Dutch Government, and
a great deal from his owh people. He
can levy taxes with the approval of the
Putch resident, and he keeps up a little
army of his own. He has a troop of 30
cavalry of Dutch soldiers, which always
forms his escort, and which would, in case
of trouble with the Dutch, promptly cap
ture him and take him prisoner, for they
are really the servants of the Dutch.
The Sultan has vast treasures in gold
and jewels. His women are gorgeous In
silver and gold, and the Princes and
OF BULLETS AFTER ENTERING HUMAN BODY
case which came under my attention was
most remarkable.
A soldier was struck In the temporal
region of the skull. There was a small
entering wound on the right side of the
head. On the left side, almost opposite
to that on which the bullet had appar
ently penetrated the skull, was a large
exit wound.
On close examination of this wound,
however, a most remarkable condition
presented itself. It was found that the
bullet had not even penetrated the skull,
Striking a bony part at an acute angle,
the missile had glanced around the head
In a circular track, N keeping under the
skin, until It reached a point opposite
to Its entry. It than broke through the
skin and departed. The soldier got well.
BULLETS TAHLEN FROM THE BODIES OF
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Princesses wear diamonds galore. He has
his own zoological garden and his stables
contain the finest of horses.
The states of Djokja and Solo are In the
richest part of Java, and they practically
belong to tbIr Sultans. The Sultan of
Djokja gets 30.000 gulden a month In
money rents. He leases his lands out to
foreigners on 20-year leases. The same 13
done by the Sultan of Solo. In these
leases tlje Sultans engage that the na
tives of the vicinity shall work for the
planters one day a week without pay.
This Is on condition that the rice lands,
consisting of half the rented estates, shall
belong to them.
According' to custom, half the land shall
be planted In sugar and half In rice and
native food crops. These crops are al
ternated every year, so that there Is a
rotation, which Is best for both planter
and native. The contractor knows that
he Is to get but half the land at one
time, and the rent Is arranged accord
Another remarkable head wound came
under my notice after the Battle of
Elandslaagte. A soldier had his mouth
open and was shouting an order. A
bullet struck him In the right cheek,
passed through his mouth between the
jaws without touching one of them, and
then passed out of the left ch.eek. The
wound was clean and soon healed. Had,
however, tlve man had his mouth shut, the
whole of the lower portion of his skull
would have been blown off and he would
doubtless have died.
In my ward I had the case of a soldier
who was struck by a bullet On the left
side of .the helmet. The bullet tore the
helmet open, entered the muscles cover
ing the temporal bone, was deflected by
the malor bone and passed ,out through
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ingly. The people work the lands as vil
lages and communities, dividing the crops.
While cultivating rice, they have their
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tions they are governed by the planters' vast sheds divided up into booths and of
overseers, and he uses them practically open courts covered with great umbrellas
as he pleases made of palm leaves with long handles
Each planter has his own watchmen, 'driven down Into the ground. Every mar
furnished free bv the Sultan. In case of . ket woman carries her umbrelhi to tho
fault, he can only punish through the
Sultan, or rather the resident. A large
part of the labor Is free at least one day
In seven. This ls'due to the Sultan as a
tax, and he transfers It to the planters.
The hours of work are from 6 to 6, with
two hours off at noon.
The planters live In great state, and
when the Sultan visits them they spend
large sums In his entertainment. I re
cently visited a sugar factory, the lands
about which were leased of his majesty.
The factor expected to have the Sultan
go over his plantation, and he was anx
ious to make a good impression upon him.
the skin beneath. There was no Injury
of -any sort excepting at the points of en
trance and exit from the muscular tissue.
I showed this case personally to Lord
Roberts, who was surprised at how little
damage had been done.
The erratic course of the bullet was
due, no doubt, to the fact that the sol
dier was lying down, and the Impact of
the bullet against the curved dome of the
helmet changed Us course so radically
that It was rendered harmless In Its
further course.
Gunshot wounds of the limbs and head
are not nearly so dangerous as those of
the trunk. Penetrating wounds of the
abdomen are usually attended with great
mortality. Some authorities say Wat the
mortality from penetrating wounds of- the
i abdomen is abou90 per cent, while otherr
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He had put up a pavilion at the railroad
station as a sort of a rest house for the
Sultan, and had erected triumphal arches
along the line of march. I was told that
his majesty's entertainment would cast
at least $1000, and that there would be
parties, receptions and other gay doings.
While I was on the estate one of the
Sultan's officials came out to look Into the
arrangements for the Imperial entertain
ment. As the official stepped from the
railroad car one of his servants held a
great umbrella over him to shield him
from the sun. Another followed, carry
ing his sword r another with his spear,
while t're fourth came along bearing his
cane. The official was In his bare feet,
and the contrast between his gorgeous
retinue and his own slovenly' appearance
was striking.
It is a striking commentary on the ex
cellence of the Dutch rulo In Java that
the natives of the two states ruled by
Sultans are much poorer than those of
the states governed almost entirely hv
the Dutch. The most of the people here
dress In blue cotton. They are so poor
they cannot wear the beautiful printed
goods they make, although their manu
factures are sold In the other states.
Indeed the women of the lower classes
are very beasts of burden. I see them
everywhere walking along under heavy
loads. They carry fruits and vegetables
to market on their backs and on poles
over their shoulders. 'They work In the
fields and they are the porters of the mar
kcts. The women do the most of the sell
ing in the markets. They peddle about
all kinds of wares, and have meat shops,
dry goods stores, basket stores and vege
table botfths. The druggists are females,
the Jewelers are females, and. In fact,
the most of the business seems to be done
by women.
Just outside the palace city in Djokja
karta there are a score or more booths
where women sell jewelry and powder and
paint to the women and others who go In
and out of the palace. They sell also
costly sarongs and other articles. I tried
to buy a few specimens as curios, but
found that the women were entirely too
shrewd traders for my limited purse.
The women are equally shrewd here at
Solo. There are thousands of them doing
i business in the markets. These consist of
spot she has rented and plants It. She
then spreads straw mats about It, and
arranges her wares upon them, leaving
space enough for herself to squat among
them cross legged. The umbrella shades
her, and It is made so that It can be In
clined to face the sun. There are hun
dreds of such umbrellas In the market
Field of Umbrella.
Stroll with me through the great court
and take a look at them. We are In a
field which seems to be growing umbrel
las, and under each umbrella Is a black
haired, yellow-faced woman surrounded
give a somewhat lower figure. According
to the statistics of the Franco-German
War, there were 5713 cases of penetrating
abdominal wounds. More than 76 per cent
of these cases resulted In death. In the
case of few soldiers who recovered It
was found that the wounds Ivid not com
pletely penetrated vital portions of the
abdominal region. In passing, It might bo
noted that there were more recoveries In
cases which were not operated upon than
In those in which an operation was
deemed necessary
According to F. W. Stevenson, who has
written a work called "Wounds In War,"
penetrating wounds of the abdomen are
the most fatal class of Injury known to
surgery.
Colonel Stevenson, who was principal
IN SOUTH AFRICA
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by piles of various articles. Here Is one
squatting down among green corn, string
beans and other vegetables. There is one
selling tobacco, and farther on Is one who
has nothing but corn husks to be used
for cigarette paper. On the opposite side
of me Is a girl selling tea. Her stock Is
piled up on a mat In front of her and she
Is measuring it out with a little coacoa
nut shell. I point to the shell and ask how
much and she replies 2 cents, using the
Javanese language.
What a lot of fruit peddlers there Is
everywhere. Here Is one at my feet with
a heap of pineapples before her. The pines
are dead ripe. They are just fresh from
the fields and the rich odor of the fruit
fills the air. I pick up one of the largest
and the girl tells me it is worth five Jav
anese cents, equal to 2 cents American.
As she talks, I make a note of her dress.
She Is clad like hundreds of other women
In the market and Is a fair type of the
maidens of Solo. Her complexion is the
color of rich Jersey cream. Her hair is
black, long and straight: it is greasy with
oil, and is combed tightly back from her
forehead and tied In a knot under tho
crown. Her ear lobes are filled with brass
plugs as thick as my thumb, the outer end
of each plug set with red and white glass
to Imitate rubles and diamonds. She has,
on a blue cotton jacke and a sarong. Her
Jacket Is open at the front, and I see the
blue breast band, which she. In common
with all her sex here, wears bound tightly
about the body just under the arms.
As I look, her mouth opens, her tongue
rises, and she pushes to the front of heri
lips a great brown quid of betelnut and
tobacco, and holds it there a moment,
while down from the corners of her yel
low mouth a stream of red betel saliva
slowly trickles.
Moving on, I come to a section which
makes me think of some of the markets of
Germany or Holland, and I look about in
vain for Llmburger cheese. I see, Instead,
enormous, round, prickly balls, some of
which are cut open and in which a cus-tard-llke
pulp shows out. This is the du
rian fruit, a single fruit often welching
as much as a two-year-old baby. It has
a smell like stale eggs or very old cheese,
but Its taste Is delicious. The pulp which
covers the seeds is the edible portion. It'
looks much like cu3tard, and Is greatly
prized by the natives, and also by foreign
ers when they can overcome their dislike
to the smell.
Another fruit which Is sold Is the pa
paya, much like a muskmelon, which you
eat with a spoon. It Is a great dlgestant
and will help you with any other stuff you
have eaten. Then there is the Jack fruit,"
a single pear of which would fill a peck)
measure and weigh from 30 to 40 pounds.
There are mangosteens, which look like
rich red apples, but which are as white,
uh snow on the Inside, and taste like
strawberries and ice cream. There arej
great pomelos, oranges of all varieties,'
watermelons and muskmelons. as well as
every fruit of the tropics. There Is no land)
In the world which has better fruit than
Java, and the best of all kinds comes to,
Solo. FRANK G. CARPENTER.
. J
medical officer on Lord Roberts" staff and
made a notable record In the Brltlsh
Boer War In South Africa, is a well
known authority on the great fatality at
tending penetrating gunshot wounds of
the abdomen.
Speaking of the courses of bullets
through the body, one would naturally
suppose that where the tissues are so
soft as in the 'abdominal region there
would be very little deflection. As a mat
ter of fact, however, It Is here that al
most as much deflection occurs as In
parts of the body where bony structures
predominate.
In former times It was believed that
bullets developed a natural poison. In
modern times the poison Idea has been
scouted among the best surgeons.