THE SUNDAY OREGONIAlsT, POBTLAND, 'AUGUST 11, 1901.
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PORTLAND, SUNDAY, AUGUST 11.
PARTIES AND SYSTEMS.
"The Failure of the Two-Party Sys
tem" Is the title of an article In the
current number of the Forum. The
writer thinks the two-party system In
our politics has failed to supply a method
lor expression of the average will of the
people; since undoubtedly great num
bers of Democrats supported Bryan in
1S95 and In 1900 who did not believe In
his main ideas and purposes. So like
wise great numbers of Republicans and
others supported McKlnley who are at
variance with many of the tendencies
and purposes for which McKlnley stands.
All such were puzzled how to vote, and
very slowly and reluctantly made up
their minds. But the proposals of the
Bryan party on the money question pre
sented a demand for decisive action, and
these persons largely voted for McKin
ley, to avert an immediate evil.
The Forum writer thinks that but for
our two-party system this would have
been unnecessary. Jn his opinion, were
parties in our country divided into inde
pendent groups, as In France and Ger
many, a method of dissent and division
would be provided, through which the
average Judgment of the country could
be obtained and these stultifications of
the members of the electorate avoided.
Such notion is only theoretical. Party
division cannot be had of ordered on
the same principles In all countries, nor
on similar lines. The fundamental char
acter of. the state determines party di
visions within the state. -The political
Institutions of a modern state are the
outcome of the temperament of its peo
ple, as developed by gradual evolution
pr modified by violent convulsion. As a
result of their development the two
party system is natural to Great Brit
ain and the United States. Again, as a
result of their development this two
party system is impossible in Trance
and Germany. In these last-named
countries the people break up Into nu
merous party groups, in accord with the
Inherent character of their political and
social Institutions.
In the circumstances the grounds of
the difference are absolutely necessary.
In Great Britain and the United States
the electors have power to decide tho
policy and course of their governments.
It is a plain division, for this policy or
that. Hence two parties. But in France
and Germany the general policy is set
tled or fixed. The people know they
cannot divide on any but subordinate
Issues. Hence they divide into numer
ous party groups. The fundamental poli
cies of France and Germany are vir
tually unchangeable. They follow,
through necessity, the courses of action
developed through the progress of their
history. Their people therefore cannot
divide on questions which might change
the course or policy of their national
life. France Is essentially the same. Tin
der government of Legitimists, Orlean
ists, Bonapartlsts or Republicans. These
several names stand for little or noth
ing. Germany likewise is immovable.
Her government Is a monarchy. Few
Germans think of changing its funda
mental character. In the presence of
dangers at home and dangers from their
neighbors they dare not. The people
consequently do not divide Into two par
ties, representing diverse views of gov
ernment and its functions, but into party
groups which connect with each other or
shade off into each other; with great dis
tance Indeed between the extremes, but
with connections rnre or less Intimate
between all parts of the system. For
example, the Clerical or Catholic party
in Germany Is more inclined to co-operate
with the Conservative or Govern
ment party than with the Radicals or
Socialists. A similar state of things pre
vails In France, no matter what party
is at the head of the government; and
the political equilibrium is thus pre
served. In Great Britain and the United States
the making of laws is regarded as the
primary object of the Legislature. Not
bo in France or Germany. Adminis
trative power is there the main reliance,
and most of the legislation is of non
controversial character. The framework
of government is Inelastic; there Is small
room for the play of the popular will
under it In France the great recon
structor. Napoleon, set up a framework
of institutions, civil and ecclesiastical,
too solid to need political remodeling, as
well as codes. of laws sufficient lor the
coming generations. Hence during the
century since Napoleon executed hl3
great work, the chief preoccupation of
French politicians has been to decide un
der what regime shall be administered
those laws which survive every change
of government. Hence a revolution in
France means little or nothing. Ger
many is much less subject to revolutlon-
ary agitation, because her people are
less volatile; but the principles on which
her government Is conducted are fixed
by necessity, and the people know they
can make no radical change.
The two-party system therefore is not
possible In Trance and Germany; the
system of party groups is not possible in
Great Britain and the United States. 'In
no country can government be con
structed on any mere theory. Govern
ment is a natural product or resultant of
conditions. How well Napolecn under
stood France Is proven by the fact that
hla work has subsisted to this day, al
most without change, through all revolu
tions and all changes of parties and government.
TIO A HARD CASE.
The owner, editor and manager of
the Columbus (O.) Press-Post Is having
a very remarkable experience with
trade-unionism. The reporters and
news editors on his paper are members
of a Newswriters' Union. One day the
Person who imagined himself the
Owner, Manager and Editor resolved
to discharge a reporter, whom he
thought grossly Incompetent. But the
union wouldn't have it. The members
said this reporter should remain, or
they would all quit; and quit they all
did, save one. But the unhappy owner,
editor and manager found after a few
days the union was so powerful, had so
much Influence, that he couldn't get
help; so he surrendered, and moreover
was compelled to discharge the one man
who had refused to leave him when
"the force" "went out." The owner,
editor and manager was, however, al
lowed to retain the privilege of hustling
about to raise money for the weekly
salaries.
But his troubles were not over. Pres
ently an article appeared in the paper
that he deemed very improper and un
just. He remonstrated ;vvith the city
editor, but could get no satisfaction.
Then he wrote and published what he
called "an abject apology" for the ar
ticle. This apology was addressed to
the City Board of Equalization, in
which he assured the members of that
body that he had been "deeply humil
iated and pained" by the appearance in
the paper of the article in-question. It
was, he said, "a vicious and insulting
attack" on them. Moreover, he ex
plained that the article was written
by the Courthouse reporter, and by him
passed up to the city editor, who had
inserted it. Follows this further ex
planation: "Not being able to obtain
any satisfaction whatever from Mr.
Marshall, our city editor, and prefer
ring to have no city editor at all rather
than one so wholly Incompetent, Mr.
Marshall was politely reques'ted to re
sign. He refused point-blank." So the
owner, editor and manager wound up
his apologetic epistle with the rueful
statement: "We, the Press-Post man
agement, have no authority, owing to
the regulations forced upon us by
Newswriters' Union No. 2."
It must be admitted, we think, that
these are pretty hard lines. The owner,
editor and manager submits as best he
may; but surely his case is one for com
passion. The Typographical Union,
however, stands in with the owner,
editor and manager, and still sets up
his matter and gives him a chance for
a hearing.
A NON-CYNICAL PEOPLE.
Ex-Governor Bob Taylor, of Tennes
see, made a notable speech at a recent
reunion of Confederate "Veterans at
Brownsville, Tex. It was a notable
speech in two respects, viz: None but
a Southern man could have uttered it
and none but a Southern audience
could have inspired it. It was really
a beautiful and pathetic speech, despite
some passages that would sound like
blatherskite and buncombe In the cyni
cal Yankee ear. This is, of course,
equivalent to saying that the Southern
statesman who many years ago pas
sionately exclaimed that the people of
the North and the people of the South
"are not one people" was not far from
wrong. The average Southern man Is a
good deal of a Celt and something of a
Gascon in his temperament. Here is an
extract from Governor Taylor's speech;
When time has measured off a thousand years
tho world will not forget the sufferings anu
the sacrifices of the bravo men who so freely
gave their fortunes and shed their blood to
preserve the most brilliant civilization that ever
flourished In any land or in any age, for liter
ature loves a lost cause.
It is the same old South, and we are the
same old Southern people. v
There may be skies as blue, but none bluer.
There may be hearts as true, but none truer.
It Is the same o)d land of the free and the
same old home of tho brave. It Is tho same
old South resurrected from the dead with the
prints of the nails still in its hands and the
scars of the spear still In its side:
I'm glad I'm In Dixie.
Look away! Look away!
In Dixie's land I'll take my stand
And live and die for Dixie.
Look away! Look away!
Look away down South in Dixie.
There was much more of this. There
were eloquent tributes to Forrest, "the
Marshal Ney of the Confederacy"; to
Lee and Jackson and Albert Sidney
Johnston; to the Confederate army as
"the greatest fighters the world has
ever known"; and yet It is not easy to
smile over this vainglorious talk, be
cause you feel that it is the sincere
gasconade of a brave, honest man ad
dressed to men equally brave and vain
glorious in speech and spirit, and it Is
therefore welcome to them as the truth.
They really believe that the "Old
South" was the "most brilliant civiliza
tion that ever flourished in any land or
any age." They really believe that the
Confederate army was composed' "of
the greatest fighters that the world has
ever known." They believe that the
South was the best land on earth, and
no manly man laughs at their belief
because all know that this unlettered,
uncultured rank and file of the Confed
erate army shed their blood without
stint for a cause in which they did not
have the pecuniary stake represented
by the ownership of a single slave.
No such speech as that of Governor
Bob Taylor Is ever made at any North
ern soldiers' reunion, not because the
Northern man when pushed to it will
not put up a good fight for Governor
Taylor took off his hat to Grant as a
great soldier of magnanimous temper,
and conceded that the Union Army was
worthy of the Confederate steel but
because the Northern environment
makes the average man colder, more
critical and cynical in temper. Few
Northern men could make so eloquent
and pathetic speech as that of Gov
ernor Taylor, and the Northern man
who could make such a speech would
not feel altogether sure that it would
be welcome. But the Southern people
carry their hearts on their sleeves,
compared with the people of the North.
They are more responsive to emotional
appeal; they are more poetic-minded,
more a people of external sentiment
than the people of the North. They
care more for superficial eloquence of
speech, they esteem mere physical cour
age and hardihood more highly than
we do. They are franker of speech,
less given to duplicity and fonder of
hospitality and good-fellowship than
we are.
Something of this is due to the en
vironment of the old alave civilization
under which no white man worked
very hard. The slaveholder did not
have to work, the poor white had not
much work to do. Such a civilization
bred a people that took life easily,
that were fond of recreation, that were
full of personal pride and pugnacity,
and yet not only were not chronically
quarrelsome, but were kindly and good
natured. There was a good deal In this
environment, for the most Southern of
all Southern men In the peculiar excel
lence of his oratory was Sargent S.
Prentiss, who did not leave Maine, the
land of his birth and breeding, until
he was 22 years of age. The most
Southern of all Southern men in his
manners and temper was Albert Pike,
who was born and bred in Massachu
setts. And yet we suspect that some
thing of the peculiar Southern vain
gloriousness and effusiveness is due to
the purity of their stock, which is
chiefly Celt. The eloquence, the poetlo
susceptibility, the valnglorlousness, the
constitutional pugnacity of the South,
are all earmarks of the Celt as you
find him set forth In one of; Walter
Scott's portraits of a Highland Scotch
man a3 full of valor as he is of brag
gadocio, at once poet, harper and sol
dier. It is perhaps not easy to discern
the presence of this peculiar Celt strain
in all the greatest men of the South.
We find it in Patrick Henry and in Clay,
but not in Calhoun. We find It ln
Hayne, McDuffie and Toombs, but not
in Alexander H. Stephens. We find It
In Andrew Jackson and Benton, but
not In Marshall or Madison. We find
it In Henry Grady and Henry Watter
son. There are Northern men, New
England born and bred, whose elo
quence is as rich and Oriental in its
imaginative quality as that of any
Southern man. Such a man was
Choate, who had not a trait of the typi
cal Yankee about him. Under South
ern environment and stimulus Choate
would have become the favorite orator
of the South, for he had the tropical
Imagination, the nervous gesture, the
rapid, torrent-like speech that a South
ern audience best loves.
The Southern man has more social
talent than the Northern man. He is
less critical and more kindly In speech
concerning his fellow-man. He is more
of an unspoiled man of the world, has a
vast deal more native sense of humor
than a Yankee, to whom he is inferior
in acrid, cynical wit. Some day, when
the South becomes as much devoted to
manufacture as the North, her people
will become more sordid and cynical
than it is today. The Confederate army
Was more passionate in its patriotism
than the Northern Army. It did more
for love of its land and its leaders than
it did for military discipline and duty,
and this was equally true of the splen
did armies that followed Napoleon's
victorious flag from Lisbon to Moscow,
from Italy to Egypt, from Paris to Vi
enna. The South thinks none the less
of Governor Bob Taylor because he is
a tuneful fiddler as well as an eloquent
talker, and the South Is quite right.
Nevertheless, no man could fiddle him
self into office in Yankee land.
"PARS OX TUCKER" REDIVIVUS.
In her quaint tales of New England
life of a past century Rose Terry
Cooke gives us "Some Account of Par
son Tucker," in which the Puritan
conscience blends with an absolute and
literal regard for truth that, while par
sons even in this day are supposed
to possess, very many must disguise
upon occasion, if they would retain
standing in pulpit or community. The
funeral occasion the subject of which
in orthodox phrase "died in his sins" is
perhaps the most trying to a man con
stituted as was Parson Tucker, who, to
make peace with his conscience, felt
compelled to tell the truth as he be
lieved it at all times. We have all
witnessed the adroitness that has come
to the relief of ministers under such
trying circumstances, and have come
to respect them for the kindly tact dis
played In smoothing the deceased sin
ner's passage to the tomb.
The biographer of Parson Tucker re
lates that much was forgiven him out
of his people's abundant kindness, and
their respect for his learning, while his
simplicity and his sincere pity forbade
their objecting at first to his great defi
ciencies in those things considered quite
as needful to pulpit success as the
power of preaching and the abundance
of knowledge. So it was that Mr.
Tucker retained his position and In dis
charge of his duty was called upon to
officiate at the funeral of one of his
wealthiest parishioners. This man held
an expensive pew in the church as a
business speculation, but was "nig
gardly to his family, ostentatious,
over-reaching and cruel as death to the
poor or struggling who crossed his path
or came into his employ." This funeral
occasion Mr. Tucker improved. Taking
as his text, "What shall it profit a man
if he gain the whole world and lose his
own soul?" and after a pungent com
parison between the goods of this world
and the tortures of the future state to
a man dead In his sins, as this rich
man was. he continued:
Yea, if there be truth in the Word of God,
he who hath left behind him the gain of a
life of gred Is now crying aloud for a drop
of water to cool his parched tongue and long
ing for an hour of probation wherein to cast
off the fetters of Ill-gotten gold and sit with
Lazarus, gathering crumbs In tne company of
dogs. ,
Of course, the community, though
believing devoutly every word that was
said, was outraged, and the indignant
widow went over to another denomina
tion without delay, saying: "A ritual
can never.be personal or insulting. I
shall abide by the prayer-book here
after. No one can be safe where a man
is allowed .to say what he believes In
the pulpit"
We are at first disposed to think that
the parson here described belongs to
the distant past, and to rejoice that
this is true; that straightforward state
ment of this kind Is "unvarnished bru
tality, and that no man would have
the hardihood in these days thus to de
liver himself of his convictions at a
funeral. This estimate is not entirely
true, however, otherwise the highly re
spectable community of Bluffton, Ind.,
would not be in the ferment that It now
Is. The sincere, plain-spoken Parson
Tucker seems to have a counterpart
there in the person of Rev. Clarence
Miller, pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church. The occasion was the funeral
of Congressman Martin, who died a
few days ago at the Soldiers' Home at
that place. Touching lightly upon the
virtues of the dead man, the minister
gave a scathing review of his life, re
ferred to him as a victim of the drink
habit, and concluded by saying:
It would have been far better if Mr. Martin
had been shot on the field of battle than to
have led the life he did. He was In publlu
office the better part of his life and roado In
one office 1100,000, but vrus sent home foe
burial In a cheap pine coffin furnished by tho.
Government.
There was a sensation, of course, and
Grand Army men who had charge of
the services were very properly indig
nant. Being interviewed in regard to
his "bad break" on the following day,
Mr. Miller said:
I did what 1 thought was right. I know
Martin much better than the people of Bluff
ton thought I did. I said no mora than what
I believe he would have Indorsed had he heard
me. He expressed the same ideas to a friend
shortly before he died.
Perhaps such "brutal bluntness"
may point a moral. But clearly it does
not adorn a funeral tale, and, it may be
added, it was much more excusable in
the day of Parson Tucker's uncompro
mising orthodoxy than it can be in the
present day of general discredit of the
"parched tongue and cooling drop of
water" theory which was rigorously
and impartially applied In his time to
those who "died in their sins."
INDUSTRIAL DEPRESSION IN GER
MANY. Depression, industrial and financial,
has pursued German manufactures and
trade relentlessly for some months. It
has now, apparently, reached its lowest
ebb. If not, it has gone far enough to
make clear the causes that feed It and
to show the improbability of relief
either to manufactures or trade in the
near future. The official revenues re
quired to maintain the imperial splen
dor, and military strength necessary
to make forceful the Kaiser's policy,
are enormous, and press heavily upon
manufacturers. From this burden there
is no prospect of relief. A short period
of financial prosperity a few years ago
led to the organization of too many
"industrials," while the evils of over
capitalization of corporations and Inse
cure banking have preyed upon the sub
stance of the people.
The latter evils have found remedy In
the usual way. Insecure methods have
met public exposure and fictitious val
ues have been eliminated from exploit
ed institutions, resulting in forcing
many into liquidation. The remaining
factor of disaster official revenues re
mains in full force, with the menace of
further increase overshadowing it. The
agrarians are making a mighty effort
to shift a larger share of this burden
upon industry, In the hope of relieving
the tremendous pressure upon the land
owning class,-by increasing the tariff
on food products, while manufacturers,
already overburdened, are protesting
against it.
In the meantime, American manufac
tures a,re crowding German products
out of the world's markets and drain
ing Germany of its wealth. Britain is
practically out of Germany's way, hav
ing all she can do to hold her own
against the enormous drain of the South
African War. The United States, on
the contrary, relieved of the expense of
active warfare, has already lowered Its
war taxes, and the country is forging
ahead both financially and industrially
at a rate that makes It a tremendous
and growing power in the commerce
of the world. Labor disturbances are,
however, growing in this country at a
rate that hints strongly at industrial
and commercial depression in the near
future by placing a serious check upon
production and exports. Perhaps Ger
man manufacturers see a gleam oe
hope in this threatened arrest of our
producing capacity. If so, this Is the
only crumb of comfort that Is in sight
for them, and, being human, they have
no doubt seized upon it with the hope
that it may grow in extent and volume.
FOREST GROVE AND LIQUOR.
The founders of Tualatin Academy,
at Forest Grove, a time-honored and
useful institution that later grew into
Pacific University, sought In establish
ing a college town and community to
protect the student life that would be
drawn thither In future years, by a
proviso running with the title to town
lots forbidding sale of ardent spirits
upon the property. The Intent of this
proviso was sternly parental. The sin
cere desire to protect the young men
of future generations from the temp
tation of the open saloon, during the
character-building years, Is conspic
uous In this interdiction. The motives
of these men good Harvey Clark, aus
tere Alvin T. Smith, stern T. G. Naylor
and the rest conspicuous among whom
as counsellor was motherly Tabitha
Brown, are unquestioned. It was for
the interests of the rising and future
generations of young men that they
planned.
Full fifty years have passed since this
plan was formulated, and until recently
it was outwardly successful and legally
unquestioned. It is, however, a gener
ally understood fact that liquor-selling
has not been confined to the drug stores
of the town. On the contrary, "speak
easies" and other- "sneak-easy" meth
ods of procuring it have been common.
There has been no open saloon within
the limits of Forest Grove, it Is true,
but liquor has been procurable at all
times for many years by those who
knew how and where to get it. Need
less to say, those who wanted it soon
learned where it was kept, and the
simple secret of access to it.
The recent decision of Judge Mc
Bride protects the prohibition clause
In the Forest Grave deeds; that is,
holds It to be legal, and, therefore, to
be observed. The desire of the liquor
people was that the prohibitive clause
should be declared of no effect, and it
Is said an action with this end in view
will soon be brought. From a senti
mental point of view the failure of
that clause would be regretted. Prac
tically speaking, however, it could no't
be greatly deplored, since all experience
teaches that prohibition in a matter of
this kind does not prohibit, and that
true wisdom consists In teaching young
men to resist temptation.
PORTLAND AND THE. CLEARWATER
Portland will have cause to rejoice
if the news telegraphed from Lewlston
Friday night shall be confirmed. In It
President Mellen was credited with the
statement that the railroad war for the
Clearwater country had ended, but that
the roads so essential to the develop
ment and prosperity of that part of
.Idaho would be constructed, not In a
spirit of fierce rivalry, but in the
friendly Interest of the "harmonized"
railroads. Who shall build the line be
tween Rlparla and Lewlston Is not so
Important to the country as that a line
shall be built The natural and rea
sonable outlet for all the rich Clear
water Valley Is down the river, not
over tall mountain chains and around
Robin Hood's barn. The water grade
to market will do the business. The O.
R. & N. Co. was in position to offer
much the easier route, between Lewls-
ton and tidewater, but the gap of 78
miles between Lewlston and, the rail
road crossing at Rlparla prevented the
tull realization of this advantage, and
the New York powers would not con
sent to the closing of that gap. That
has been the situation for three years.
It is not essential to the Interests of
Portland that the Snake River line be
tween Rlparla and Lewlston be hostile
to the Northern Pacific. Agreement
between the companies will suit Port
land much better, if only the line shall
be built. That is the main thing. If
the traffic of the Clearwater basin shall
be permitted to take this course of
least resistance to market, It will not
matter In the least what transportation
company hauls it. Heretofore the O. R.
& N. has been laboring to establish the
line that would subject business to the
least inconvenience. The Northern Pa
cific has been an active opposing- and
diverting agent. Its activity has re
sulted In already giving railroad accom
modations to a considerable part of the
Clearwater country, however, and there
can be no doubt that It would rather
haul Its heavy tonnage of farm prod
ucts, cattle and lumber out on a water
grade than climb perilous canyons and
forbidding mountains with it There
fore It is easy to believe that the har
monized railroad Interests will build the
Lewiston-Riparla line and extricate
themselves from an awkward, If not
unendurable, situation with respect to
the business of that country. It is easy
to believe this because it Is so obvi
ously the thing to do.
This will be Portland's opportunity.
The time has passed, itvls true, when
the entire trade for that rich country
will fall into Portland's lap without an
effort, but proper effort will enable
Portland to command It. The natural
.advantages of situation will exert a
governing influence, other things being
equal. If Portland merchants should
lack in enterprise or capacity to deal
with interior Idaho, the merchants of
other cities would serve that country.
But there would be no ground for, com
plaint from either seaboard merchant
or interior producer if all barriers to
the most natural course of business
should be removed. Construction of the
Lewiston-Riparla railroad will be a
mighty service to the Northwest, not
alone because of the facilities it will
give to present commerce, but chiefly
because of the encouragement it will
offer to the development of a large re
gion marvelously rich In native re
sources. The purpose of the good women of
the Needlework Guild of America, a
branch of which has been established
in this city, is "to collect and distribute
new, plain, suitable garments to meet
the great need of hospitals, homes and
other charities." It may be assumed
that if wisdom in distributing such
garments is exercised, great benefits
will result 'from the work. Hospitals,
for example, are likely to need all the
bed gowns, sheets, pillow Blips, towels,
etc., that can be furnished by any
means that benevolence can devise; and
in giving these there is no danger of en
couraging Individual pauperism. In
discriminate giving df garments to the
poor, however, cannot be unqualifiedly
commended. Any one who has worked
in neighborhood charities is aware of
the fact that the gift outright of simple
articles of clothing, such as ordinary
industry is able to secure by purchase,
easily becomes a clog upon endeavor
and turns a temporary benefit into a
permanent injury. Any benevolent
matron could readily give from her own
experience examples illustrating' the
truth of this statement. A small price
set upon garments made or donated by
benevolent people would Insure appre
ciation and care of them that do not
follow the bestowal of an outright gift.
That which does not cost personal ef
fort Is proverbially "cheap." It is only
that which Is earned, or for which sC
price equal to the ability of the pur
chaser has been paid, that is esteemed
worthy of appreciation and care.
The sympathy and active support of
the United Mlneworkers Is a powerful
influence in favor of the Amalgamated
Association. The disposition manifest
ed by the building trades-unions to
stand by the Amalgamated Association
and refuse to handle structural steel
made by nonunion labor is also import
ant. The general strike order for the
steelworkers went Into effect yesterday,
and was generally obeyed. The cause
of union labor thus far in the fight with
the steel trust shows itself to be sur
prisingly strong, and it is better man
aged than any previous similar move
ment was.
At Tampa, Fla., recently, a body of
manufacturers and merchants. In the
cigar trade and. other lines of business,
expelled from the city a number of the
leaders of the labor unions. They
seized the men, forced them on board
ship, commanded the,, captain to take
them, and warned them not to return.
The men of the unions now appeal to
President McKInley for protection and
redress. It was a great outrage; but It
Is not apparent how President McKIn
ley can take action over the head of
the Governor of Florida.
The chief reason for the removal of
the great steel plant from McKeesport
to Kiskeminetas Valley though given
out as a result of the labor strike at
the former place and retaliation for it
Is the fact that" In the Kiskeminetas
Valley there are vast beds of coal yet
untouched. The steel trust has been
gathering in these coal beds, and It is
actual economy now to move the mills.
The distance Is not great between the
localities; but McKeesport Is somewhat
nearer than Kiskeminetas to Pittsburg.
Admiral Cervera, the commander of
the Spanish fleet in the battle of San
tiago, sums up the Sampson-Schley
controversy in the following effective
way:
I have never met Admiral Sampson. He was
absent conferring with Shafter when the fight
took place. What he might have done were
he present I cannot say. It Is a case of dem
onstrated valor against possible bravery. It
Is a case of difference between the act and tne
possibility, or, as the old philosophers used to
say, between the esse and the posse.
The "Annual Report of the Lleuten-ant-General
Commanding the Army,"
now In course of publication, has
reached the seventh volume, all of them
thick and ponderous. The amount of
labor expended on them Is immense.
No wonder that the commander who
has to get up every year such a report
as this has no time for war.
It Is pleasing to be assured that the
gold stolen from the Selby Smelting
Works was "located by vision" by a
Portland occultist. This proves that
the story; of the confession of the thief
and that his assistance was required
in recovering the gold wa3 a base Cal
if ornlan. invention, for the purpose of
1 depriving Oregon of jiist glory.
THE GREATEST BATTLE IN HISTORY
We publish on another page a letter
from Mr. J. D. Lee, who. In a recent
speech before the veterans' reunion, de
clared that "the battle of Gettysburg was
tne greatest battle ever fought, measured
both by its far-reaching results upon the
future of the worldand by the conditions
necessary to make a great military strug
gle." The Oregonlan endeavored to point
out that- the battle of Gettysburg was
certainly not the greatest battle ever
fought, measured by Its far-reaching re
sults; and. further, that In far-reaching
Tesults it was not even the most! import
ant battle of our Civil War; that It was
not the hlch tide of the rebellion. The
reply of Mr. Lee Js a very long and lame
answer, because he misses the point of
controversy Tho Oregonlan did not say
that Gettysburg was not a great battle;
It did not say that It was not a very im
portant victory; it simply said that it was
pure historical extravagance to describe
Gettysburg either as "the greatest bat
tle ever fought, measured by its far
reaching results upon the future of the
world," or even as the most Important
and fatefiu conflict, measured by its far
reaching results upon the issue of our
Civil War. Mr. Lee's letJter does not meet
theobjection of The Oregonlan, for it is
chiefly confined to establishing that Get
tysburg was a great battle and an im
portant victory, which is not the point In
dispufe.
The Oresonlan tried to point out that
to call Gettysburg "the greatest battle
ever fought, measured by its far-reaching
results upen the futhiro of the world,"
was to. ignore the far-reaching results of
the great decisive battles of the world,
which determined the whole course of
civilization for succeeding ages. Surely
the battles by whose issue was decided
the fate of Greek civilization, throush
victory over the Persian, the later bat
tles through which Alexander artamped
the Impress of Greek civilization upon all
Asia, from the Mediterranean to the In
dus surely such battles, measured by
their far-reaching results upon the fu
ture of the world, stand supreme over
Gettybburg or even over the greatest bat
tle of our Civil War, whether North or
South won. The victories won by Caesar
over tho confederacy of the Gauls are
held by Mommsen to have been of Im
mense consequence to the future, for they
saved Roman civilization from premature
death at the hands of barbarians, even
as Plataea and Salamls saved Greek civil
ization from a violent death and Igno
minious grave. Tho great victory of
Tours., by which the tide of victorious
Saracen Invasion was rolled back In defeat
from France, saved Western Europe from
the fato that overtook the Greek Em
pire of the East when the Turks took
Constantinople In the 15th century. Tho
fate of Napoleon was decisively settled at!
Lelpsic. It was not finally settled by
Moscow, for Napoleon was able the next
year to inflict so severe defeats upon the
allies that they offered him peace on
honorable and advantageous terms, which
ho Insanely refused. Leipslc, therefore,
has always been Included justly among
"Che 15 decisive battles of the world."
and 30 has the battle of Naseby, which
settled the fato of the great English revo
lTition great because even with "tho
Restoration" the English people insisted
that? the House of Commons should con
tinue to govern England by holding the
purse, the real power behind the sword.
The -victory which achieved the Norman
conquest of England, and the victory of
Saratoga, are also Included among the
decisive battles of the world. The vic
tory of Saratoga was of far-reaching con
sequence because it persuaded France to
become our ally, to send us soldiers, a
fleet and several millions In -cash. With
out this alliance Washington could not
possibly have won. These Illustrations
are sufficient to make clear that these
battles, "measured by far-reaching results
upon the future of the world," completely
outclass Gettysburg in importance, which
certainly does not fit Hallam's description
of the battle of Tours, as "one of those
few battles of which the contrary event
would havo essentially varied the drama
of the world In all Its subsequent scenes."
In moving up to Gettysburg Meade had
his engineers survey the line of Pipe
Creek, and his staff officers located upon
It a position for every corps In the army.
A precautionary order wa3 Issued to ea-ch
of his corps commanders, directing them
that in case the army was obliged by the
enemy to retire from Gettysburg, to fall
back to the impregnable line of Pipe
Creek. Meade had over 83,000 men. Lee
but 75,000. The veteranized army of
Meade was as Incapable of being wrecked
or stampeded as the army of Lee. Lee
severely defeated McClellan, Pope, Burn
side and Hooker, and yet In every Instance
the Federal army preserved its organlza.
tlon Intact, despite very severe losses. At
Frederlckburg Burnslde lost over 13,000
men; Lee but 5000: the second Bull Run
campaign cost the Federal army 15,000
men; Chancellorsvllle, 16,000; Gaines Mills,
7000 out of 35,000 engaged; and yet the
beaten troops made successful retreat in
all these battles before tho victorious
enemy. So Lee, who lost 12,000 out ot
40,000, at Antletam, was able to offer
battle the next day, and to make as per
fect retreat across a swollen river as he
did after Gettysburg. The utter wreck
or rout of Meade's veteran army was Im
possible against Lee's number, and with
out such a wreck and 'rout the occupa
tion of Washington was Impossible. New
Orleans was a momentous victory, be
cause 1C opened the mouth of the great
artery of the Confederacy; Fort Donelson
was another, because it smashed the key
stone of the Confederate line, and com
pelled the evacuation of Southern Ken
tucky and Middle Tennessee; Shlloh was
a momentous battle because Its loss
would have, meant the recovery of Middle
Tennessee and Nashville, and the occupa
tion of Kentucky. The fruits of Donel
son and Shlloh were the clearing of the
Mississippi River from Columbus, Ky.,
to VIcksburg. Vlcksburg was a victory
of vast consequence, because It Isolated
the whole country west of the Mississippi
from the rest of the Confederacy. Chat
tanooga was a momentous v.ctory because
it opened tho gateway into Georgia and
to Atlanta, thus cutting of Mississippi and
Alabama from the active theater of war.
General Sherman, in his "Strategy of the
War," says "the war was concluded
when VIcksburg, Chattanooga and Atlanta
fell," and Longstreet told Jefferson Davis
that to continue the war after the loss
of Chattanooga was murder. The terms
of VIeksburg's surrender were signed July
3, while the battle of Gettysburg was
still in progress.
These facts of the Civil War, and the
views of the great soldiers on both sides
are the proper sources of sound informa
tion, rather than the superficial sketches
of facile politicians, or the nonprofessional
compilations of hackwork pedagogues,
J posing as historians.
STUFF AND STUFFING.
Senslde Notes.
Mr. Flighty made a flying trip to the
beach the other day. Mr. Flighty is no
angel, or at least he has no wings, and
everybody is wondering how In the world
he did It.
The Misses Huntman, who have been at
Hotel HIghtone all season, have left In
disgust and aro now at Hot&l Wayup.
The beach reporter of the "Women's
Matrimonial Advertiser" said at the open
ing of the season that the Misses Hunt
man were "rusticating" at Hotel High
tone and in consequence neither of the
young ladles scored a single engagement
They have given It out very distinctly
at their new abode that they are not
rusticating in any sense of the word, but
are sojourning. AH papers please copy.
Mr. Henpeck has been stopping with
his family all week. Although Mrs. Hen
peck kept him going most of the time
caring for the baby and on various er
rands, when she was not looking he did
the stopping. Naturally the severe exer
cise of stopping and starting has much
worn on Mr. Henpeck.
The Misses Fllrters are comfortably
domiciled at Hotel BIgroller. They Insist
that they are domiciled and refuse to
be quartered because that word to them
smacks of bran and shorts and of the
butcher's block.
Mrs. Fllppenhelmer has quitted Hotel
Cheaprate very Indignant The mana
ger's complaint about her four sons
boisterous playing In the halls at 5 o'clock
A. M. was pastiall reason. Although she
paid only half rates her name gave stand
ing to the house worth the other half,
and If she had not gone there the estab
lishment would not have had anv pat
rons at all. Besides, she expected to be
fed just as well as Mrs. Gentile, next
table, and on something else than pork.
She has had falllng-outs with many other
hotel-keepers, but this man was simply
intolerable.
The Social Board of Strategy entirely
ignored Mrs. Highflier and her charming
daughters. Inasmuch, however, as Mrs.
Highflier has brought down a party of
youpg gentlemen to visit her the board
has almost decided to change the cam
paign programme.
Miss Songbird Is giving charming bon
fire parties. This has strengthened tho
weak matrimonial market considerably.
Miss Songbird is one of the most aristo
cratic and beautiful and accomplished
ladles on the beach, and therefore has
many admirers who attend to all the In
cident labor connected with the bon
fire. Himself He Was Not All.
I should not sing of sorrow
Or trouble ot today;
A promise for the morrow
Would be the noble lay.
The heartache of my neighbor
I should not tell In song:
But for life's veary labor
My -verse should make him stromr.
But ever for my fearing
Unkindly fates come nigh.
And ever In my hearing
There sounds a saddening cry.
Tne suicide Is lying
Where home should now be bright;
I hear his children crying.
His wife moans through the night.
A prayer waa made for sister
Far by the Eastern sea;
Children and mother blessed her,
Wherev er she might be.
But by the Western river.
When, twilight's peace came down.
Her death had made us shiver
A woman of tho town!
Touth spreads Its sails at morning.
And Hope sits at the helm.
But tempests without warning
Sweep down and overwhelm.
Some future unkind morrow
My dying- day must be:
I should not sing of sorrow.
But sorrow sings to me.
An Interview With Colurnlms.
"No," said Columbus to a representative
of the Falso Prodlgloso," as the Nina
warped Into her berth, after her return
from the New World, "No, I did not dis
cover America to show that tho world is
round, but that I am a crank." Then,
as he spat Into a knothole and followed
after with a stony stare: "You see It's
become a popular Idea that cranks are
the pioneers of science. So popular has
this become that many people who want
to be cranks only make fools of them
selves. If there was anything reasonable
about a fool he mlgRt become a crank and
a founder of science. But there Isn't For
example." and here Columbus frowned
and while looking hard at an addle-pated
Individual across the quay, made a pass
at knocking the ashes from his Havana;
"For example, there's a man who declares
the sun Is not hot, and he avers he Is
right because he Is a crank and cranks
are always martyrs to the truth. But
I've sailed enough under the sun to know
where the heat comes from. I am a
crank else the world would not be round."
and swelling up, "Is he In my category?
He would be a crank If the sun were not
hot, but the sun Is hot If all fools could
be crank3 the world would be wiser, but
calling a fool a crank does not make him
one, nor establish him in the sight of
future generations." And Columbus fixed
his gaze imperturbably on the horizon and
thought of the great fame he was to have
hereafter.
Life's Ocean Shore.
With youthful glee I watched him write his
name
Upon the sands of time. "Tomorrow, child.
Is washed away my life, my all. my fame.
And even hope, which keeps us all beguiled.
The ruthless tide swells ever to commit
Us to the unrememberlng deep." He said
Too truly. Years and he have gone with It,
And tho sad record of his earthly bed
Is only sculptured on a wasting tomb.
And all his effort burled now In gloom
Except that little part, suffused In me.
And who the ocean flood must soon admit
One tide, one life, one eon and eternity.
Eternity, oblivion, oblivion Infinite.
Tis thus bright Ufa doth run Itself away.
The greatest, smallest, having but one day;
The day Itself as long as all the time.
Eternity no longer than the day sublime.
Poor Omar.
Old Omar knew of many things.
And thought himself most wondrous w.lso.
But of dhe thing he never sings.
His knowledge, it does not comprise:
The full, blanched moon by the sea shore.
The gently sighing hammock's lore:
Old Omar knew not this, not this.
This bliss, this bliss, this bliss, this bliss.
Literary Notes.
Mr. Hardly Scribbler Is writing a
book for Hobson, entitled "Kisses I
Don't Remember." Mr. Hobson wants to
get those he has forgotten catalogued
so that he won't forget any more.
Miss Olde Mayde is writing a book on
domestic economy and the Ideal husband.
She makes the point that the only man
who has the making of an Ideal husband
Is one who has never married. Miss
Olde Mayde Is well fitted for her work,
for she has lived with her sister's family
for 15 years.
Mr. Sen Sayshun Is collaborating with
Mr. Scandul on a work entitled "Women
Who Gamble." The gentlemen wanted
first to write on "Women Who Don't
Gamble," but were unable to .find any
material.
"Where She Palls.
A woman can Judge of the color of yarns.
And all the shadings, forsooth.
But when It comes down to the yarns as they
are.
She's far from the color of truth.
Better Than It Might Be.
It's not so awful as you'd think.
The seaside maiden's plan.
For though she bathes with llttlo on.
She has a dress of tan.
,1. X. It