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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1900)
THE SUNDAY OREQOyiAN,' PORTLAOT, DECEMBER 30, 1900. to rgama?t Entered at the Postofllce at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Booms 160 1 Business Office.. .607 BEVISED SUBSCRIPTION BATES. Br Mall (postage propald), la Advance Dally, with Sunday, per month S S3 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year......... 7 50 Dally, with Sunday, per jear .. S 00 Sunday, per jear .. ...... ...... 2 CO The Weekly, per year 1 50 The Weekly. 3 months B0 To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delh ered. Sundays excepted.l5c Dally, per week, delU ered. Sundays lncludeL20c POSTAGE RATES. Hn,? staes. Canada and Mexico: W to 16-page paper j0 18 to 22-page paper ....2o Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to the name Of any Individual. Letters relating to advertis ing, subscriptions or U any business matter hould be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems -or stories from individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it without solici tation. No stamps shojld bo inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific atenue. Tacoma. Box 055. Tacoma Postofflce. Eastern Business Office The Tribune build Ins Now Tork City; "The Bookery." -Chicago; a Beckw,tl special agency. New York. For sale In San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. 78 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold emlth Bros.. 230 Sutter street; P. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry News stand. For sale In Ios Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 259 So. Spring street, and Oliver &. Haines, 100 Bo. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co, Eli Dearborn street. For sale in Omaha by H. C. Shears, 103 N. Eixteenth street, and Earkalow Bros.. 1012 Famam street. Po ifaJi ln SaIt Ie r the Salt Lake News -o.. 77 W. Second South street. For sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., 115 Royal street. ,?flJJUI?.'?rash,nctoa' D - tb Dunn, 500 14th N. W. JrFLStleo Denver. Colo., by Hamilton & Xendrtck. 000-912 Seventh street. 2AT,S WEATIIER.-rair; , northwesterly POR-TLAA'P, SPXDAT, DECEMBER. CO Unmistakable signs, both In Oregon, tod Washington, point to a deepening" Bense of party responsibility among members of the Legislatures. At Olymt pla. Democrats have met to discuss pol icies upon which the party can safely unite, and in Oregon the most notable feature of the Senatorial campaign is an earnest and for the most part a good-tempered discussion of the party caucus. Without entering into the con troversy over the Senatorial caucus its advisability or the form of the vote ln this particular case, a word ought to be said in defense of the caucus against attacks that are almost always made upon it. The caucus is a useful device it it Is intelligently and righteously applied. Like many other human de vices, it Is a good servant, but a bad master. Senator McBrlde once said of the caucus that it is an instrument adaptable to a certain end, but as soon as the time arrives when It manifestly ha3 no farther serviceability to that enu, it must be thrown away and something else tried. There is a deal of truth ln this, which those who are denouncing tne caucus should bear in mind. We have had' trouble enough with the caucus ln Oregon Legislatures, goodness kr.ov.-s. But that was not the fault of the caucus. It was the faujt of the men who used It so bunglingly or so Iniquitously. There will be no caucuses in heaven. Every man will vote his convictions without regard to either bosses or leaders. But on this earth, while we belong to parties, we shall have to caucus occasionally, be cause the course for which the party as a party will be held responsible must be determined by the party as a party. The man who doesn't Intend to be bound by the caucus better stay out of it? All this Is aside from the ques tian whether there should be a Repub lican Senatorial caucus at Salem next menth. We u-iderstand Mr. Corbett to take the position that this question, as well as the question of how the vote should be taken, should be left entirely with the judgment of the members themselves. It is a position that does him credit, and we have little doubt that Senator McBrlde will, if asked, express substantially the same senti ment. Dr. D. K. Pearsons, the Chicago phil anthropist, gave himself a good Christ mas by announcing a new batch of col lege bequests aggregating 580,000. One would hate to have to decide which are of the greater merit, the benevolences cf Dr. Pearsons or those of Mr. Rocke feller. They are easily classified Mr. Rockefeller gives In large blocks to a great university. Dr. Pearsons spreads his benefactions out over a multitude of country colleges. Either end is a noble one. There Is work that can ohly be done in the great university. Some studies and some steps ln almost all Btudies can only be successfully taken among great libraries and in immense laboratories under the eye of authori tative masters. There Is more in Cam bridge or Heidelberg than the name. There Is an atmosphere and a scholas tic spirit in a great university which can never be duplicated elsewhere, and Stanford and Rockefeller have chosen monuments "more lasting than brass and more lofty than the royal site of pyramids." Their names will be treas ured by future generations when the miseries of Central Pacific and Stand ard Oil have been covered with the dust of time. Let us not disparage their good deeds while recognizing also the peculiar joy that belongs to Dr. Pearsons In his recognition of the little college. In thinking of these heroically struggling Institutions of helpful train ing, scattered over the rural districts of the country like lights upon a stormy coast, the melting words of Webster are recalled, as he spoke of Dart mouth: "It is, sir. as has been said, a email college; and yet, sir, there are those- who love It!" In the great ora tor's suffused face and trembling lip were shadowed forth the hopes and toll of hundreds of similar Institutions now working out their destiny in every state and territory. It is doubtful If any human Institution, not excepting even the work of Christian missions, repre sents more self-sacrificing labor and denial than the small college. Into whose humble life Dr. Pearsons' gift comes with Irradiating helpfulness and inspiration. Our great names are in their rolls of alumni. Perhaps Dr. Pearsons has chosen the better part. If the dispatches correctly reveal the Democratic situation ln Illinois, the ambition of Mr. Bryan to be the per petual candidate of bis party bids fair to receive a decided check ln quar ters where example will be contagious. It seems futile to look towards Croker and Hill in New York, or the Intel lectual paralysis of the South, to get the party back on sane grounds. New York is for Bryan and the gold stand ard; the Rocky Mountain States are for Bryan and expansion, and the South is for Bryan and consent of the governed; so that if anybody is to dally with sanity. It would seem to be the great Middle West, which has appar ently become the controlling factor ln National politics. It Is true that Tam many and the South are for Democracy and foolishness; but they would be just as rampant and unreasoning for De mocracy and sense; they would shout just as lustily for Cleveland, Olney or Carlisle as they do for Bryan. There fore It makes no sort of difference what Tammany or the South thinks on any public question. They are heart and soul for whatever the Democratic platform says. This has been the source of timidity in the Northwest, but it need be so no longer. The same group of states, centering at Chicago, that forced "gold" Into the St. Louis platform In 1595 and stood against sil ver at Chicago the same year will ap parently have to take up the task of eliminating socialism and populism from the Democratic platform and ticket of 1904. It looks like an impos sible task; but equally Impossible things have been done, and it is the part of common courtesy and patriotism to wish them success. Chic virtue would indeed be at low ebb If the manly, patriotic words of Dr. Wise at Temple Beth Israel failed to meet answering response in the hearts of the men of Portland. We are apt to think that it is In the sacred desk alone that the Ideal, unrealizable ln this imperfect world, can be viewed as the only thing to be satisfied with, but it is a mistake. We have to put up with things as they are, but we must always feel that they are a sorry falling short of that which can content us or win respect or enthusiasm. So when the preacher stands up to rebuke, without intolerance or aspersion, the wrong and wickedness rampant In every city, it is the part of the true, patriot to yield assent. Vice and crime exist, always have, perhaps always will, but this does not excuse them or palliate either their iniquity or their economic waste. It does not, to the right-minded man, lower the standard for which every citizen should strive. Who can be so lost to virtue as not to share with pleasure ln the vision of the Ideal City 7 There justice shall be meted out equal ly to rich and poor, there no crime shall stalk or vice flaunt itself. A clean, pure city, ruled ln decency and order that is what Dr. Wise looks forward to, and he Is right to say it is within reach. All that is necessary Is for the people to will it Public opinion will not sanction it, but public opinion is wrong. It must be brought up to the point of righteousness In action, and nobility In ideals. It Is the duty and privilege of the pulpit to take a fore most part in that ameliorating effort. Law has no power equal to the quiet influence upon character exerted by the great preacher, who. Is loved as well as feared, honored as well as respected. Not on the statute-book, but In the hearts of men, the Ideal City waits its corner-stone. Professor Reinsch's paper on colonial administration, read at Ann Arbor Fri day, is significant of what would be come of the high-sounding phrases of anti-imperialism if they were subjected to the cold dissection of science instead of being cast like a football into the whirling gridiron of popular politics. "The Idea that colonial populations should have the same laws, religion, language, literature and governmental machinery as the mother country," says Professor Rein&ch, "Is rapidly be ing outgrown." Over against this de duction from study of actual experience of all governments with scattered pos sessions, anti-Imperialism placidly sets its dicta about "self-government," "con sent of the governed" and "the Con stitution follows the flag." Because a form of government works well with us, none too well, perhaps, therefore It is the only thing for the Kaffir and the Igorrotes. The ppint to remember Is that what we want, after all, Is results. Whether representation in Congress and statehood is better for the Fili pinos than more paternal methods for a time. Is not a question for precon ceived notions, but for practical Investi gation, perhaps experiment. Great Britain, most successful, has pursued a course far from the ideals of Bryan and Harrison. France has gone to the anti-Imperialist extreme, but is trying to retrace her steps. What the tropics need, Professor RelnBch concludes. Is not so much politics as it Is adminis tration by a highly trained independ ent service. The best results are at tained with a minimum of Interference with native customs, but with policies that make the most of the depend ency's economic and productive capa city. The old idea that government is continually conspiring to overthrow the rights cf man Is responsible for most misunderstanding on this head. Government's normal effort now is to conserve and make easy the commu nity's highest possible producing power. The same machinery will not work equally well In different climates. President Strong's remarks at Al bany, formulating plans for closer con nection between the State University and the lower schools of the state, are in keeping with the work his adminis tration has pursued in a practical way, looking to the same end. This was the dream also of President Chapman, and his indefatigable labors achieved the beginnings of system in this intimate relationship, but much remains to be done. It involves a fearful waste of resources, that the primary schools, High Schools and State University should be working independently and often contrariwise, when the educa tional system of the state, under proper organization, might be built Into a comprehensive whole, working har moniously to some well-apprehended purpose. Familiar with the admirable arrangements In vogue in this city, the people of Portland have no Idea of the confusion ln which the schools of the state at large are struggling, despite the arduous and intelligent efforts of Su perintendent Ackerman and the iso lated Superintendents and principals in the several counties. The State Uni versity is now better -equipped than ever before for aid in this important matter, and advantage should be taken of this capacity as well as the enthu siasm of the University officers in the cause. A most auspicious circumstance ln this connection, as in others. Is the feeling of seriousness and amity that seems to pervade the members of the Legislature. The disposition to do good work has never been so noticeable. Surely, with all its other plans the Leg islature may And opportunity to do something to perfect the educational system of the state. Oregon ought to establish a name for herself in school annals, like that of Nebraska, or Wis consin, or Michigan. THE BEQUEST OF THE CENTURY. The bequest of the expiring century is various, but the supreme final test of Its accumulations Is, What have they done for man? How Is It with man? On the whole, from the standpoint of the widest and most searching view, Is man in the mass wiser, happier, holier, than he was when the chimes of midnight tolled forth their last alarm for the eight eenth century? With the beginning of this, century the experiment of democ racy In Europe had crossed literally a Red Sea of blood In France, only to be supplanted by the enlightened des potism of Napoleon, the victor of Mar engo. The promised land of constitu tional liberty looked far distant In 1801 to those who believed in the largest political freedom for the greatest num ber. On the night of Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo It could not be said It was a victory for the rights of the people, for It remitted France to the wretched rule of the Bourbons, Spain to the brutal tyranny of a worthless King, Italy to the oppression of Aus tria, and Poland to the domination of Russia. Surely Waterloo, which sub stituted for the enlightened despotism of Napoleon the narrow-minded, igno rant tyranny of the cruel and cowardly sovereigns of Europe, who for nearly twenty years had been groping about their fallen thrones feeling for their lost crowns, did not promise much for the enlargement of popular freedom, Even In England, the freest country in Europe, representative government at the dawn of this century was but a name. Great cities, like Manchester, sent not a member to Parliament, while scores of represented places had not fifty electors, and some had only three or four. The franchise was so care fully restricted to the wealthy that until after the uassage of the great re form bill of 1832 the masses had small voice ln public affairs. Jews were sub ject to civil disabilities, and up to 1S29 Catholics ln Ireland could not own land, hold any office, be returned to Parliament or enjdy any of the civic rights of other men of the same sta tion." Nonconformists, ln England were social outcasts, and Deists like Paine and Unitarians like Priestley were equally reviled and hated for advocat ing a creed that now Is not only tol erated, but respectfully treated, both in England and America. The year 1837 saw the extinction of human slavery in the West Indies; two years later saw the grant of home rule to rebellious Canada; the corn laws were repealed ln 1846; the use of fe male and child labor in coal mines was prohibited; the Jews were relieved from the last of their civic disabilities, including the ancient test oath, in 1857; the Irish Church was disestablished in 1868; the conditions of peasant land ten ure in Ireland have been steadily Im proved; the rights of labor have been greatly enlarged. The century was a third past before the government ceased hanging men, women and chil dren for petty thefts, and not until about 1840 was capital punishment re stricted to murder. Imprisonment for debt, sometimes for life, lasted well into the second half of the century. The treatment of the Insane was not less barbarous, for lunatics were chained to the floor of noisome cells or confined in iron cages In England at the be ginning of our century all men except the rich and the nobles were liable to seizure at night In the seaport towns by the press gang, dragged on board a man-of-war, and carried away as one of the crew. There were no free schools in England, and even In America they were of. a rudimentary character. The first visitation of the cholera in 1832 owed its extraordinary fatality to the fact that sources of water supply in great cities included public pumps and common wells, from whose contamin ated water, infection spread through the city. Portland, built where sixty years ago was a wilderness, has today a system of water works, sewerage and lighting superior to the best of these conveniences enjoyed by the great cities of the world 100 years ago. When we remember that constitu tional freedom is today enjoyed by united Italy, by Hungary, by imperial Germany, by France, by every country in Europe save Russia; when we re member that even Russia emancipated her serfs before America did her slaves: when we remember the in creased humanity of surgical skill and hospital care; when we remember the Increased comfort and swiftness of travel: the Increased cheapness of the necessaries of life, the vast improve ment in the sobriety and decency of the popular manners and habits, we may not deny that the peculiar glory of the nineteenth century is the fact that it has been emphatically the peo ple's century. The Industrial energy that creates comfortable and cheap dwellings for the decent and hard working poor, drains cities, cleans streets, keeps out disease, restores the lame, illuminates the Ignorant, con verts the cruel to the gospel of humane life, beats down the doors of bigotry, enlarges the domain of the greatest good for the greatest number, is the peculiar faith and practice of the last half of the nineteenth century. The advance In the comforts of the people, in the purchasing power of their wages, In their houses, surroundings, opportu nities, educational and social and spir itual, has been the marked feature of the century. The world is happier and better than it has ever been, because the slow but steady trend of the nine teenth century has been to recognize popular liberty as a right, not as a favor; humane legislation as a duty in behalf of those whose weakness ap peals for protection. The glory of the nineteenth century is that it stands for greatly enlarged civil liberty and religious toleration, for the wide diffusion of popular educa tion, the abatement of unjust laws, the purification of corrupt politics, the amelioration of poverty and extinction of disease, for increased sobriety and purity of life and manners, fcr in creased popular happiness and social comfort due to better wages and more Just and humane relations between em ployer and employed. In the matter of scientific discovery and its application to the abatement of the asperities and Increase of. the felicity of human exist ence, the nineteenth century is the most blessed period of human history Far and above all other centuries, it has been the age of scientific advancement and social reform. BUIAVER LYTTOS'S MASTERPIECE. What shall we say of "Richelieu," which Mr. Warde and his company present so engagingly? It may be prof itable to inquire whether It has lasting qualities, whether It Is likely to hold Its own permanently In association Shakespearean plays, and whether the crafty cardinal will continue to engage the attention of actors capable of Inter preting and presenting the very high est ln dramatic art. Nearly all great English-speaking tragedians of the present generation and the one immedi ately preceding have played Richelieu. Why should Lytton keep company on the stage with Incomparable Shakes peare? In libraries he Is so far behind that he is almost lost sight of. But people who seldom or never go to the theater except to see Shakespearean plays do not as a rule discriminate against "Richelieu," whose "drawing" powers, which are a fair test, equal "Richard HI," "Othello." "The Mer chant of Venice," or "Macbeth." A fair answer is that Lytton had in a very high degree the dramatic in stinct. He knew how to build plays. In the language of the present-day craft, he was an expert in the "me chanics" of the profession. The best living playwrights have taken his structures as models. He puts into his plays the one essential quality human Interest. No dramatic writer of modern times surpasses him in setting a love story. Since his day, hundreds of good plays with romantic love as the theme have been written, but not one of them ranks "The Lady of Lyons." Perhaps it is the beautiful love story of Julie de Mortimer and Adrian de Mauprat woven Into "Richelieu" that gives it such charm with people to whom new made plays, such as Bronson Howard and Augustus Thomas write, do not appeal. From a strict literary point of view, "Richelieu" Is not without merit. If it lacks profoundness, it has dramatic in tensity. If It does not go into analyses of passion which change great souls from angels to devils, it deals with heroism and suffering, which the average theater-goer can comprehend without men tal strain. It contains a few lines that have been universally quoted. The lan guage is musical and there are rhetori cal flights that arouse men. "Riche lieu" has no horrors: It doe3 not reek with blood. Its climax, when Riche lieu, stripped for the fime being of po litical power, relies on his priesthood to save his ward, is a dramatic picture once seen, never forgotten. How shall "Richelieu" be classed? There is not enough history in it to be called histori cal. It is not a tragedy. It is not a comedy. It Is not primarily a love story. It 13 not a melodrama. It Is a fascinating play In a class by Itself. A TRUE AMERICA??. When the great Unitarian preacher, Channing, was buried, in 1842, the bells of all the Roman Catholic churches tolled; the Roman Catholic clergy at tended his funeral, and paid eloquent testimony to his saintly life and de vout spirit from the pulpits. The mem ory of Dr. Channing was thus honored because he had stood up manfully for the rights, ..of the Roman Catholic churches and their comntunicants; for their protection against and redress for gross acts of mob ruffianism and vio lence procured by the preaching of re ligious zealots and fanatics more than sixty years ago. Dr. Channing had given the right hand of humane fel lowship to the Roman Catholic Bishop of Boston; had testified to the value of his noble Christian work among the poor and unfortunate; among the per ishing classes that are a pathetic spec tacle In every great city. The bells of the Roman Catholic churches tolled again when the body of John A. Andrew, the great war Governor of Massachusetts, was borne to the tomb followed by a procession ln which Protestant and Catholic, Gentile and Jew, black and, white, rch and poor, were largely represented. The memory of John A. Andrew was hon ored by men of all parties because he was a true American, the ocean of whose philanthropy, as Wendell Phillips said of O'Connell, knew no shore. Governor Andrew was conspicuous in 1854-5G for his bitter denunciation of "know-noth-Inglsm," which was the designation of that day for A. P. A.Ism. When Henry Wilson and other conspicuous men co quetted with "know-nothingism," John A. Andrew denounced it without stint as utterly Inconsistent with our con stitutional separation of church and state and our prohibition of religious tests as qualification for office. He was a true American, a genuine democrat In the broadest sense of the word, and when he died not simply his party, but the whole people, mourned because a great man, a sincere servant of the state, had fallen prematurely dead in the harness of his upright labors. When Wendell Phillips died, he, too, was mourned by all parties. It was an Irish Democratic city government that voted to have George William Curtis deliver a funeral oration, and It was an Irish Democratic city government that placed the tablet with a noble in scription to his memory that now marks the site of the old-time residence of the great orator on Essex street The memory of ex-Governor Roger Wolcott deserves and doubtless will ob tain equal honor from his sterling fellow-citizens of both parties, for it was due to the efforts of Governor Green halge, Lieutenant - Governor Wolcott and United States Senator Hoar that the fanaticism of the A. P A. move ment was fearlessly challenged and crushed In 1895, when it had reached formidable dimensions in the Republi can party of Massachusetts. Governor Greenhalge was of English birth, Lieutenant-Governor Wolcott came of the most distinguished New England an cestry. These two men joined hands to defy the A. P. A. movement. In the state convention United States Senator Hoar, alone among leading Republi cans,, had stood up straight for relig ious toleration. At this Juncture Gover nor Greenhalge declared at a great public meeting at Holyoke that "it Is time to take a square issue with big otry; we would rather be beaten by one hundred thousand votes if one 'of those votes meant to favor ostracism and proscription." Lieutenant - Governor Wolcott at the same meeting said: It seems to me that no greater Injury can be done to the American people than In attempt ing to brlnr Into our elections the bitter feel ins of race and religious animosity. And I believe that whoever undertakes to do that and I care not who began it. nor from which side It springs I believe that whoever does that, does an Injury to the commonwealth. These good words were uttered at a time when the majority of practical Republican politicians were truckling to A.. P. A.-lsm. Governor Greenhalge, United States Senator Hoar and Lieutenant-Governor Wolcott saved the party from defeat by their Indignant refusal to proscribe the men of any religious, faith. Governor Wolcott's memory, because of these good words, Is equally dear today to men of all parties, all sects and creeds, as was that of Channing, Andrew and Phil lips. . A BEAUTIFUL OLD MAX. Among recent deaths Is that of Rev. Dr. Cyrus A. Bartol, for more than fifty years minister of the West Church (Unitarian). Boston. Dr. Bartol was nearly 8S years of age. He retired from the pulpit in 1S89. His church, al though classed as Unitarian, stead fastly held an Independent attitude, and was known as the "Independent Congregational Society." Dr. Bartol in his prime was easily the first preacher In the Unitarian pulpit of his day in his power of eloquent literary expres sion. He was a short man. of slight figure. His long white hair flowed over his benignant face, so that in his last days of pulpit service he was described by one of his admirers as looking like "a dear, old moth-eaten angel." Dr. Bartol was a beautiful old man, who grew sweet rather than sour with ad vancing years. Tennyson, In his old age, wrote at times like a grim pes simist, but, like the poetry of Holmes, the preaching of Dr. Bartol to the last days of his pulpit service was as op timistic, hopeful and sweet as the voice of his youth's bright and beautiful morning. It is a sure sign of a health ful and nobly philosophic spirit when a very old man greets the morning stars and the noonday sun with hosan nas and hallelujahs rather than with the dismal, croaking voice of a rusty raven complaining from a cornice. Dr. Bartol, with all his sweetness of spirit, never flinched from his guns. When John A. Andrew made his great argument against the prohibitory liquor law before the Massachusetts Legisla ture, Dr. Bartol preached a sermon in the course of which he warmly sup ported the opposition to prohibition. Wendell Phillips took up cudgels for the prohibitionists, and he did not spare Dr. Bartol, but poured out upon him a large quantity of very eloquent but ex ceedingly bitter personal abuse. He re called to the public mind the fact that Dr. Bartol was the successor of Rev. Dr. Charles Lowell, and Intimated that Dr. Bartol's "recreancy to the cause of temperance" was in utter violation of the traditions of his pulpit and of Dr. Lowell's personal opinions and teach ings ln life. The assault of Mr. Phil lips was terrible in its rhetorical skill and its vituperative bitterness. Dr. Bartol did not flinch, although he must, have suffered, for he and Mr. Phillips were warm friends in the anti-slavery cause, but he replied to his assault with dignity, ability and spirit, but without bitterness. Some ten years later, when Wendell Phillips was borne to the tomb. Dr. Bartol preached a sermorl which was noble and discriminating eulogy of the great orator. He had borne Mr. Phillips no malice; he had felt at entire liberty to call upon him in his last sickness, and spoke over him words of unstinted praise, because he believed Mr. Phillips to be absolutely sincere whether he praised or blamed. Dr. Bartol published a volume on lils travels In Europe that include a de scription of the aurora borealis which is a memorable bit of word painting that does not fall short of John Rus kin's best poetic prose. The Salvation Army in Seattle has at length awakened to the folly, to call It by no harshet name, of giving free din ners on Thanksgiving and Christmas to the promiscuous crowd that fattens upon charity,. Plainly speaking, these good people have found out, what more practical, worldly folk knew long ago, that a free spread of this sort does more harm than good. As given out by the officers of the Army, the reasons for discontinuing this fgee feeding pro cess is that it helps to encourage va grancy and attracts a class most un worthy of help and most undesirable as guests- They have found that sa loon loafers are always ready to take advantage of the free dinner, while the self-respecting and deserving poor, whom it is especially desirable to reach, very rarely attend. The lesson learned Is a wholesome one, and its ap plication will no doubt result in the formation of wiser plans for helping the deserving poor than that of at tempting to herd them with all sorts for the purpose of feeding them for a day. Since hazing is so necessary " in a cadet's education, and since it is Im possible to know when a victim has had enough, Congress ought to appoint an experienced committee to see that the process is effective but not too thor ough. Opponents of the Grout bill urge that Its enactment would be detrimental to the cattle Interests of the country. This is but a feint, of course, since it is well known that the real opposition to the bill is instigated by the cottonseed oil trust. There is a wide gap between promise and fulfillment, Intention and action, and therefore, after all, we may not be overburdened with laws after the next Legislature. One argument for reapportionment of Linn County abides in the fact that Eugene wants the change and Albany stands ready to oppose it. Hanna is said to be unable to run the Senate. McKinley now has a precedent for breaking away from boss rule. Chains Xo More. Chicago Times-Herald. -Ah, yes! they used to run together. Fair Jane and laughing May; They bad no secrets from each other. No grudglngs to display; They used to be as happy sisters. Each of them used to know "Who wrote the other loving letters But that was long ago! They used to share each other's pleasures, Fair May and happy Jane; They used to babble o'er their treasures. But time has rent the chain That seemed to -bind the two together To day they seldom meet. And when they do, by chance, 'tis only To beat a quick retreat. Fair Jane and happy May aro married; "When Jane's girl Isn't III May's boy has something that Is catching They love each other still. But when one sees the other coming She waves her back, for, oh! They say diseases may be carrlsd Around la clothes, yoa know! A STDDY IN ADVERBS OF DEGREE Clara Sterling Doollttle In Chicago Becord. Modified expressions are popular nowa days. A simple adjective or adverb seems to us crude or harsh. It must be modi fled by some word Indicating degree. Hence the frequent use, sometimes cor rect and sometimes incorrect, of the lit tle words "very," "rather," "real," "pret ty" and "quite." Wo should do well In many cases to make no modification at all. Nine times out of ten the "very" or the "very, very" that we insert would better be left out. An unmodified adjective or adverb ln these days Is positively refreshing, and is so rare that It Is forcible as well as pleasing. "Much" means more 'than "very much," and "beautiful" more than "very beautiful." "Very" (from the Lat in verus, true), of course signifies "truly," and hence "to a high degree" or "exceed ingly." It has been used so much, how ever, by persons who do not distinguish and weigh their sentences that we un consciously welcome Its rare appearance as the sign of a careful speaker, and realize that his unmodified expression stands for more than a long succession of "verys." Not only the unnecessary use, but the actual misuse of words denoting degrlo Is common, and naturally so, for such words are too much used, and the chances are that when we employ an unnecessary modifier we shall hit upon the wrong one. If we must modify what we say, at least we should modify it with the proper word. "Rather," for Instance, with Its touch of deprecation, is not popular, and the failure to use it in the proper place Is the cause of a number of common mistakes. A substitute for It Is usea that is not an equivalent in the matter of syntax or of meaning. If we wish to say "somewhat" or "to a certain degree," "rather" is the correct word. Instead ot using it, however, we frequently uo "pretty" or "real." These two. far from adverbs of degree like "rather," are ad jectives denoting quality the first, the quality of attractiveness to the eye; the second, the quality of genuineness. Since they are adjectives they must modlt nouns or pronouns, and can never be cor rectly used to modify adverbs or othe adjectives. It is correct to speak of a "pretty child" or a "pretty dress," but Incorrect to say, "I had a pretty good time" for "I had a rather good time." "He did it pretty well" for "He" did It rather well." "Real" should be used only as the synonym of "genuine." "It gives me real pleasure to see you," we should say, not "I am real glad to see you." The expressions, "real pretty," "real angry." "real glad." "real eorry," and so forth are all Incorrect because in them we have a qualifying adjective per forming the function possible only to an adverb of degree. "Real" Is also used oc casionally Instead of "very," as In the sen tence, "She is a real nice girl." The use of "pretty" and "real" for "rather" does violence to English syn tax, as well as to the meaning of the, words. There 13 a more common mis take that is not unjrrammatical, but is quite as objectionable as these the use of "quite" In the sense of "rather" or "very." "Quite" is in Itself an adverb of degree, and hence a grammatical equiv alent of "rather" or "very." It is strong, er than either of them, however, since It means "entirely." A glance at the use of the word In the writings of different periods is profitable. Until our own time we find that the prac tice has been virtually uniform. Shakes peare used "quite" only in its original sense. In "A Midsummer Night's Dream" Thisbe says: O, Pyramus, arise! Speak; speak. Quite durob7 Again Lady Macbeth reproachea Mac beth for his terror at the sight of Bau quo's ghost in the words: What, Quite unmann'd in folly? In the Bible there are many instances of the use of "quite." In Leviticus we read: "The land shall not be quite cut oft"; in Genesia, "He hath sold us and hath also quite devoured our money. and ln Job: Is it not that I have no help in me. And that effectual working la, driven quite from me? In the time of John Bunyan, who lived in the 17th century, "quite" was still used exclusively ln the sense of "entirely." and, moreover, could always be used in terchangeably with that word. The fol lowing sentence from "The Pilgrim's Progress" shows how completely synony mous the two were: "This sore combat lasted for above half a day, even till Christian was almost quite spent." Mil ton, who was nearly contemporaneous with Bunyan, refers ln "The Ode on the Nativity" to The wild ocean A Who now hat quite forgot to rave. and again in Comus, speaking of spiritual degradation, he says: The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodles and lrobrutes, till she quite lose The divine propriety of her first being. In Addison's time the word still kept to Its original meaning. We read in the Spectator, published early in the ISth cen tury: "The same actions may be aimed at different ends and arise from quite con trary principles." In all of these instances the word means "entirely" or "complete ly," and there is no evidence of its hav ing been used in any other sense during the years that are Indicated. In the 19th century, however, esepclally in this country, we have restricted the use of "quite" in one direction and ex tended it In another. Now it Is not in an cases, as it was in Bunyan's time, an equivalent of "entirely." We still say "not quite," meaning "not entirely," but "almost quite" for "almost entirely" is no longer ln good use. On the other hand We have come to use the word extensively to mean "rather" or "very." In tne sense of "entirely" it is common In such sentences as: "She has quite recovered." "The work is not quite finished." "He is quite dead." "I am not quite ready." It is incorrectly used for "rather" in such eentences as: "He has been quite good," "I am feeling quite well," "It Is quite pretty." It should not be used as a general rule before an adjective of qual ity. We should not say "quite pretty," for "quite" means "entirely," and thougn a thinK may be rather pretty or exceed ingly pretty, it Is rarely entirely pretty. The same objection holds against sucn expressions as "quite late" for "some what late" or "very late," "quite tlreo--for "rather tired," etc. In certain phrases ''quite" amounts al most to a vulgarism; for instance, "quite a while" for "some time," "quite an ac cident" for "a serious accident," "quite a hard problem" for "a rather hard prob lem." "quite a good deal" for "much," "quite a distance" for "some distance," and "quite a few" for 'several." It may be that "quite" will come finally to mean "rather" or "to a certain de gree." as well as "entirely." At present the best usage restricts It to its original meaning. Should It acquire another meaning its gain will be a loss to the language in both clearness and deflnite ness. The unfortunate ambiguity that results from such use of words In senses not their own is Illustrated by the experi ence of an English insurance company or high financial standing which inserted In Its American advertisement what- was supposed to be a recommendation: "Our credit Is quite good." In America, how ever, where in common parlance "quite" was no longer restricted to the meaning "entirely," but had had two weaker meanings thrust upon it, this was a far from reassuring announcement, and the company had to change its advertisement before It could do any business. Penalty for Bigamy. Chambers's Journal. When "Charlie" Russell, the late Lord Chief Justice, was contesting South Hack ney, a constituent, in the course of his canvass, asked Sir Charles what the pen alty was for bigamy. "Two mothers-in-law," retorted the famous lawyer. SLINGS AND ARROWS, Xcvr Tear's Resolutions. Make your New Tear's resolutions, make as many as you can. Swear that when .the year is ended yon will be a better man. That you'll hid farewell to Folly and will grasp the hand ot Work. And will tackle any duty you have been dis posed tp shirk; Swear you'll drop the little lces that are second nature now They are pleasant Ilttla vices but Just drop them, anyhow. Make your New Year's resolutions, though you make them with. A sigh. Make them great, and grand and noble you can break them by and by. Swear you'll never more grow angry at tho girl who says "hello" Through the telephone receiver; you can't worry her. you know. And you only waste your passion, oa the cold. unfeeling air. For your wrath bolls o'er tne wire, and, be hold, she Isn't there! Do not even swear she's ljlng like an Ana nias, when She advises you, serenely, "Line Is busy; call again." Though It's hard to swear to stop It, you can do It If you try; So Just make the resolution, you can break It by and by. Swear you'll read the books you ought to, Tihat they are you too well know; On your shelf they've .long been standing, un molested, in a row. How you've talked and talked about them, and have looked the covers o'er; Picked them up. and dropped them sadly, to be closed forever more. They contain the Information that's exactly what you. need. And there's dozens upon dozens of the books you ought to read. Therefore, make this resolution, and, if It grows galling, why, As you made it you can break it. In a second, by and by. There are .scores of- resolutions which it takes no time to make. And which never are so lasting that they're very hard to break; And It makes one f eel so noble full of pur poses sublime, . A Full of valor and ambition, and of greatness for a time, "When he makes those resolutions, and they are Withal so cheap. That they well are worth making, although none of them will keep. Lives there man that such a pleasure to hla conscience could deny? Make them, and you'll feel much better. You can break them by and by. Patriclc Crowe Located. (From our special correspondents.) Pretoria, Dec 29. Pat Crowe passed through here yesterday. It is feared that he is on his way to kidnap General Dewet. Bayombang, Luzon, Dec. 29. A man .an swering to the description of Pat Crowo was seen in this vicinity at ff o'clock last 'evening. Agulnaldo has retired to his cave. London, Dec. 29. P. Crowe, ot Omaha, was seen ln the suburbs last night. This is H. R. H. the Prince of Wales' evening at home. Berlin, Dec. 29. The Kaiser is much disturbed at an occurrence here last even ing. While wandering around the city ln disguise he was mistaken for Patrich Krowe, of the United States, and not un til he disclosed his identity hy reciting "Hoch der Kaiser" was he relieved from tho embarrassing position in which ha was placed. Nova Zembla, Dec. 29. The detectives on the police force have been thrown intp a state of excitement by tho foot prints on a snow bank which look llko those of Professor Andree, but which experts pronounce to have been made by the shoes of Patrofsky Krowovltch, ot the United States. Canton, Dec. 29. The striking similar ity between Hon. L. H. Chang, of this Glty, and Pat Crowe, of the United States, has led Mr. Chang to give out tho announcement that he has committed hari-kari.. Terra del Fuego, Dec. 29. The body ot Pat Crowe was washed ashore here to day. Butte, Mont., Dec. 29. The police here arrested last night a man with $25,000 on his person, on suspicion that It was Pat Crowe, but It turned out that he was merely a member of the Legislature, on his way home from the residence of W. A. Clark. Smyrna, Dec. 29. Pat Crowe Is in thla city and school has been dismissed. Seattle, Dec. 20. Pat Crowe Is not here. He enjoys the distinction of being the only noted criminal in the United States who is not. Tod Sloan's Soliloquy. Bud Boble, whose catarrhal name Has filled, the nasal trump ot fame (Which lines Is ln the book of pomes Got up by little Doctor Holmes), He was an Al man, of course. And savvied all about a horse; But what was he, along of me. That rides for bloods of high degree; That people say ot far and wide, "That there Tod Slpan knows how to rido"? There never was a Jockey known That made such dough as does T. Sloan. His H. B. H. the Prince of Wales, The gent that from ole Lunnon halls. He's been t'rowed down by all his set. Fur leavin' me out ln de wet. I ain't no 'rlstocrat, not I; Not that I can't be tf I try. But ridln horse3 is the bls i By which to what I be I rl2. An' when a man rides horses he Has got to tend to business. See? An' can't leggo his little Job, To swap calls with a British snob. The Prince an' I could never hitch; " He sent me Invitations which A man with work to do like mine Was bound ln duty to decline. Says he: "Ole man, drop up tonight; The booze at Windsor's out o sight; I'd like to have you meet me wife." Says I, "Not me, not on your life." And so his nibs he got dead sore, And wouldn't let me ride no mora, ' I didn't mean It fur no snub. But he Is such a touchy dub. He thought I thought he wouldn't do. An' told the lobsters that he knew That I was crooked, an you see That kind o' libel finished me. But I don't need no Prince of Wales, An', though he cire'lates lyla' tales About my style of rldln. I Can well afford to pass 'em by. But If he ever drops "round here. As he may do, I'm told, next year.. An' dares to send me up his card, I'll t'row him down, an' t'row him hard. J. J. MONTAGUE. PLEASANTRIES OP PARAGRAPHEB.S "Is the boss In?" asked the stranger, enter ing the drug store. "No,' replied tho absent minded clerk: "but we have something Just as good." Yonkers Statesman Mr. Goodboy Ah, little man! Want to see the wheels go round? "Waldo Beanes Thank you, sir, but I'm perfectly familiar with the mechanism of the modern chrnometer. Har per's Bazar. His Better Half. Walter What will you please to order? Mr. Gaswell I think I'll take fame deviled ham. Mrs. Gaswell (crimsoning with mortification) Bring me some that that Isn't. Chicago Tribune. Magistrate (severely) How could you be so mean as to swindle people who put confidence ln you? Prisoner Well, yer Honor, I'll make It worth something to ye If you'll tell me how to work them as don't. Tlt-Btts. The Cheerful Idiot "I wonder." said the shoe-clerk boarder, "why they call It mistle toe?" "It is so called because the mlss'll toe the mark every time she sees a bit of It suspended anywhere." said the Cheerful Idiot. Indianapolis Press. An Injustice. She You remember, dear, that five hundred dollars you gave me the other day to put la the bank? He Good gracious I You haven't run through with that, have you? She (Indignantly) Certainly not. I have nearly fifty left. Brooklyn Life. A Cautlou3 Answer. "Where is JosiarT" asked Mxy. Corntos3eI. uneasily. "Well," an swered her husband, as he proceeded to fill his pipe, "I won't say fur certain. If the lea Is as strong as he thinks It Is, he's gone skatln; an if It ain't, he's gene swlmmln'." Wash ington Star.