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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 23, 1900)
THE SUNDAY OBEGONIAN, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 23, 1900. mkz rgocmxcm atered at the Pp&offlce at Portland. Oregon, as second-class matter. TBLEPKONES. Itorlal Booms ICC J Business Office... CCT HEVTSED SUBSCRIPTION KATES. 3y Mall postage prepaid)? In Advance lily, with Sunday, per month .......$ 85 illy, Sunday excepted, per year. ........ 7 20 uy. witn Sunday, per year a w nday. per year 2 00 ne Weekly, per year..................... 1 50 18 Weekly, 3 months 50 Vo City Subscribers lly, per -week. dell-ered, Sundays excepted.lto Jy, per week, delivered. Sundays IncludeCUSK: POSTAGE KATES. Jnlted States. Canada and Mexico: to lC-page paper ....le- to z-page paper... ................. .:c I Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended tor publication Tho Oregonlan should be addressed lnvarla- ly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name : any Individual. Letters relating to advertls- hg, subscriptions or to any business matter iould be addressed simply "The Oregonlan. I The Oregonlan does not buy poems or storjes am Individuals, and cannot undertake, to re any manuscripts sent to It -without solid p-tlon. No stamps should be Inclosed tar this fjrpose. IPuget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson. 3ce at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Uox 053. lacoma PostofSce. Eastern Business Office The Tribuno build. ig. New Tork City; "The Rookery," Chicago; fie S. C Beckwith special agency. New Tork. For sale in San Francisco by J. K. CoopT. BC Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold- s5th Bros.. 230 Sutter street: F. W. Pitts. 03 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry tews stand. For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, p So. Spring street and Oliver & Haines. 100 spring street. I For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 17 Dearborn street. For sals In Omaha by JL C. Shears. 105 N. ixteenth street, and Earkalow Bros., 1012 arnam street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News o., 77 W. Second South rtreet. Fefr sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., i5 Royal street. On file in Washington, D. C. with A. W. ur.n. COO 14th N. W. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & endrlck. 000-012 Seventh street. JDAT'S WEATHER. Occasional rain, with ht to fresh southerly -winds. lORTLAJTD, SCXDAY, DECEMBER 23. iii i Elsewhere we print a portrait and graphical notice of Dr. John Fiske, 2rhaps the foremost living American ian of letters, and certainly the most umarkable exemplification among mod- students of two separate pursuits allowed with conspicuous and appar- ltly equal success. Mr. Fiske com bines the historian with the scientist. fhe two lines of investigation, as rep- ?sented in his voluminous works. rhich have been reviewed recently in fhe Oregonian's columns, cover about lual bulk and equal original investl- lation. Early American records have leen Mr. Fiske's chief historical care, nd in science his peculiar service has Seen in investigation of the part 'rgthened infancy has played In the .-tlution of man. In both these fields lis lafc.rs have -been richly productive r.d his presentation of them and of kher topics has been popular and help- ll to great numbers of Inquiring linds. His scientific spirit and engag ig stjle have been one of the potent lictors in enlightening the American leople upon the questions that are ab- rrblng the attention of thinking men. is a striking illustration of the unity If knpwledge that work so apparently Iistinct as history and science should ave come together In Mr. Fiske's case, jr the two-fold character of his work las grown largely out of the fact that lach study has had to deal with the tme materials. In the history of evo- ltion, the l ecords of early man are all- lpcrtant; and these records, as found In this continent, are also essential to ie study of American history. An ient America, therefore, has been a ruitful mine for both scientist and his- brian, and none has traced its history rlth more painstaking investigation or luminative treatment than Mr. Fiske. another column on this page we re- iroduce his views on the subject of imcrtality, which will Illustrate his fclentlfic spirit and also his reverential ist in ultimate religious truth. The official abrogation of the Santa re strike is a forcible reminder of the ith so admiiably expressed by Frank- In MacVeagh at Chicago the other day, fhen he said: I Tho greatest strikes of the present day are between capitalists and laborers at all; key are between employes and employed be- veen worklngmen called managers or super- Itendcnts and the work-mgmen called work- tgmen strikes with which capitalists have othlr.g to do except to take their punishment nd loss. . . . The greater strikes and ckouts, such as those on railroads or in coal Lines, are the contention of two sets of em byes or two sets of wage-earners and the lockholdcrs, the capitalists. In many cases lomen and children and savings banks, are pnexally even more helpless and suffering ban the general public itself. the Santa Ke affair the contest has lot been between the stockholders of he road and the telegraphers them- lelves, but between the hired men of ie railroad and the hired men of the Iperators. This time the victory of the sad Is so complete that the humllia- on of the strike officials Is manifest. nd their palaver about the sacred ights of labo. is a sorry palliative to ffer the unhappy operators whose. tuse they have so palpably mlsman- Iged. It Is the business of railroads to ire officials who can get good work lut of the men, with good feeling all jund. and without interruption of busl- less. The official who Is always In hot ater with his men is a misfit In his lace. Organized labor ought to realize y this time that It has an Important uty to Itself to hire officials who can o it some good. It is obvious that a resident who rushes his brotherhood r union into a losing struggle is as mch a failure as the railroad super- litendent Is ho can't keep his men at t'ork. Given a fair-minded, efficient iperintendent. and an efficient, falr- lilnded president, the Interests of the tockbolders and of the employes ought be adjusted amicably and profitably jr both sider. In their letters on the gambling llscussion, everything Mr. Quacken- lush writes and nearly everything Mr. strong writes Is altogether aside from ie question. The gamblers, too, arc jually irrelevant Dr. Hill Is right. Ilr. Quackenbush avers, the Chamber iln system is an unholy alliance. But ?r. Hill said no such thing. Mr. itrongs argument is a denunciation of ie Chamberlain system as a principle procedure. Nor is that matter raised the arraignment in question. Dr. IIU's indictment of the fine method In logue contains two counts: First, it tcreases gambling; second, it promotes Irlme. The answer of the officials is mt it does neither. Here Is an Issue f veracity, determinable from the rec rds, but not determinable from talk bcut unholy alliances or from denun- latory rassages from Mr. Strong's let- -book. In other words, Dr. Hill pro- posed to kludge thetsystem by Its fruits, while Its later antagonists propose to Judge It by their theories. Has gam bling increased In degree here, or deter iorated In kind, since Mr. Chamberlain went into office? Has overt crime In creased, and If so, can It be traced to these arrests and fines? That! is the issue raised, and It is obviously no an swer to it to say that a fine system equivalent to a license system Is an in fcimy not to be tolerated under any circumstances. In a letter printed else where this morning. Rev. J. A. Snyder is inclined to admit the Inaccuracy of Dr. Hill's indictment, and to rest the case on the ground that, no matter whether the allegations are true of hot, the system should not be tolerated on general principles. If the opponents of the system have any evidence to offer as to its effects, they should produce It. If they are going to be content with statement of the doctrine that a public graft is worse than the ineyitable pri vate graft, then It Is to be feared there Is almost no basis of common ground on which they and the interested offi cials can stand. There is absolutely no excuse for a mass meeting or commit tee of investigation unless It Is going to gather evidence as to the effect of the Chamberlain system, upon the city's condition, financial and moral. There Is no use in hearing testimony to the ef fect that certain persons would be sat isfied with no amount of revenue and no regulation of gambling other than prohibition. Everybody knew that before. Cadet Booz may not have lost his life because of his experiences at West Point, but if he was the physical and mental weakling that the testimony of brutal "upper-class men" shows that he was, It Is reasonably evident that his chances for a long life and an hon orable one were not improved by his experience at the Military Academy. Parents of ambitious youths who are not up to the physical standard neces sary to enable them to stand the treat ment detailed as part of the unwrit ten but still faithfully enacted pro gramme of the academy should learn from the investigation of this case the unwisdom of working their boys into the school through political Influence. If young Booz was not up to the phys ical and mental standard required by the strain of a military education, with "hell sauce," "bracing." "eagling," "eating eighty-five prunes or a bowl of molassfe and six slices of bread at a single sitting," fighting when "called out," etc., as accompaniments, he should not have received an appoint ment to the United States Military Academy. That he could not keep up to the requirements in mathematics and fill these numerous side bills proves to a certainty that he was deficient in soldierly qualities, and he was sent home as th,e sequel proved to die. This, so far as the evidence elicited goes, seems to have been all there was in the "Booz case." He was a fool to go there, and &is parents were fools to send him. Of all places in the world for a timid, half-sick boy, "West Point is undoubtedly the least appropriate. Unfortunately, desire to be something we are not Is not confined to cadets. "Witness the misfit actors on the stage and the manuscripts of would-be poets! CHRISTMAS -THOUGHTS. As a historic figure, Jesus was to the Jews who procured his death a social and religious Incendiary, and to the Roman Governor who executed him he was a sedltlonist. He was to Jerusalem what Socrates was to Athens and Its archons a dangerous sidewalk critic and underminer of the sacerdotal law and the state religion. He appeared at a fortunate time for the evangelist of a warm, living faith to catch the pop ular ear; he was as fortunate in his opportunity as Luther, Loyola or Wes ley. The people had no sympathy with the Pharisees, who were a cold-blooded and tyrannical priesthood; they had still less sympathy with the Sadducees, who were a purse-proud aristocracy of materialists, and they had no sympathy with the Essenes, because in their as ceticism they Ignored or attempted to suppress the social life of man, which has its root in the strongest forces or passions of human nature. So all par ties in the state hated Jesus, and all sought to destroy him, for he was the democratic derider of the church and the dangerous, incendiary critic of state." But the plain people of simple heads and honest hearts hung on the lips of Jesus, just as the best brains and no blest .hearts of Athens followed Soc rates until the state slew him. The doctrines of Jesus were the great truths of nature that were spoken by him out of the vast spiritual experience and in tuitions of a great moral genius, which is as Illimitable and incalculable as the imagination of a great poet. The distinction of Jesus was not that he preached high morality, for that had been preached and enforced by the example of many men in many lands before him; that is, the utilitarian mor ality that stands for the accumula tions of the highest human experience in matters of earthly self-interest, like the morality of Moses and of Confu cius. The morality of Moses is largely the record of the experience and acute reflections of a wise man who had dis covered the first principles of law and order that are indispensable to a happy and safe existence. The distinction of Jesus was that he preached, not simply that human morality which is the high est earthly wisdom, the bright consum mate flower of enlightened human self ishness, but that he preached the doc trine of spiritual morality and duty, the doctrine of duty and self-sacrifice before God unto men, whose fulfill ment is not essential to worldly suc cess or comfort or felicity, but on the contrary is so repulsive and difficult that today a life of unselfishness and spiritual allegiance to the divinity of conscience only excites popular compas sion and even contempt, quite as often as it does applause. So greatly in advance of his time was Jesus that today the best world's people who support the best world's churches do not pretend to treat the Magdalen as he treated her. The natural cruelty of man has so little lost Its original wolfish ferocity that the Roman legal punishment of crucifixion, by which Jesus suffered death, was not so cruel as that inflicted today by Christian mobs n America when they horribly torture and burn negro criminals to death. The crucifixion was mercy com pared with the tortures inflicted by th'e Spanish Inquisition, by Alva, by more than one pope, by the savage bigots who ruled France, Austria and Eng land down to the close of the seven teenth century. What wonder that such a one as Jesus, in an age of cold Intellectual paganism, of equally cold. tyrannical, intellectual Hebrew eccle- j slasticlsm, won the .hearts of humble folk by preaching in defiance of the law. In contempt of death, the doctrine of eternal justice and eternal goodness that we express when we talk of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man? "What wonder that hungry human hearts accepted the God of hu manity that Jesus preached rather than the brutal, sensual Jove ' preached by the priest at Athens and Home, or the equally brutal Jehovah preached by the Pharisees at Jerusalem? Christianity has survived the destruc tion of the astrolpgy or so-called as tronomy, of the geology, the theology and morality of the Old Testament, whose cosmogony Is as obsolete as the Olympian heaven of Homer's gods. Co lumbus, Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler enfranchised the human mind from the chains of a dead biblical science, so called, and Darwin at a later day com pleted this emancipation. Christian dogma and tradition and theological metaphysics have been beaten Into the dust and trampled under foot time and again by the world's best scholars and ablest thinkers, and what remains? Why. the essence of Christianity as op posed to its non-essentials; the Sermon on the Mount; the Lord's Prayer, the Golden Rule, the nobility of forgive ness, the inexhaustible mercy, the quenchless hope that overshadows and extinguishes the barbarous dogma of eternal punishment. In the vitality of these things resides opr best assurance of the Immortality of Christmas and the ever-widening circle of the Influence of Christianity. FOREFATHERS' DAY. Yesterday the children of New Eng land in the leading cities of the East and Middle West celebrated Forefath ers' day, the anniversary of the1 landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth Rock. On this occasion the post-prandial orators are always In the habit of talking about New England as a land to whose faults they must be a little blind, but to whose virtues they must be very kind. This is not a difficult task, for It Is easy to unload all the historical obloquy of New England upon the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, while claiming for the Plymouth Colony all New England's famous children, who have blended sweetness with light, such as Fisher Ames, Channlng, Emerson, Parker, Hawthorne, Whlttier, Lowell, Holmes, Longfellow, Wendell Phillips, Ware, Phillips Brooks, Sumner, Qulncy, Frothlngham, Edward E. Hale, and Thomas Starr King. On this occasion of the celebration of Forefathers' day the eloquence of mutual admiration Is apt to degenerate Into extravagance. The truth Is that for the best present glory of New England we must look In those great states of the Middle West, which were largely settled by the bold est and best blood of New England, the States of Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In those states you will find a population In which is preserved the best traits of New England in better health and working strength than exists In New England itself. French Canadian Im migration has poured into Massachu setts, New Hampshire, Maine, Connec ticut and "Verrriont. The foreign-born population of New England, especially in Massachusetts, has greatly increased within twenty years. Boston, the old time stronghold of the Federalists, and later of the Webster Whigs, Is today controlled by the Democracy of Roman Catholic Irish descent, who are more than a match for the native-born polit ical Rip "Van Winkles who have been asleep and blind to the changes that have taken place in the ruling forces of public opinio at the East during the last twenty-five years. The old race of Beacon-street Brah mins in politics that used to dine and wine the wealth and culture of both continents and belonged to the charmed Inner circle of Boston in art and liter ature, no longer rule Its public opinion. Scholarship, high political Intelligence and trained intellect no longer rule public -opinion in Boston, because it has become a Democratic city. With the exception of ex-Mayor Qulncy, its rul ing Democratic generation is not com posed of persons who have inherited any reverence for the memory of Web ster, Sumnei or Andrew, or any knowl edge of Emerson or Hawthorne or Low ell or Holmes In literature. They ap pear to be a robust and turbulent race, whose manners and athletic tastes are what might be expected in a city whose Congressmen are sired -by Imported stock. Under the circumstances, the after dinner eloquence of the New England Societies on Forefathers day Is obliged to look abroad for the glory of the children of the Pilgrim Fathers and of the Puritans. And he does not look In vain; he can truthfully say of the New England stream of Western Immigration-It streams beyond the opllntered ridge That parts the northern showers; From eastern rock to sunset wave The continent Is ours. THE FUTURE OF CHINESE MISSIONS. Discoursing upon this topic, the World's Work of December presents the subject of foreign missions and missionaries In a temperate but pro gressive spirit. Starting out with the assertion that the status of missionaries in China is a matter upon which an agreement must be reached, It is cited that, while the political cost of mission aries has been very serious, public opln Ion In every Christian country has been favorable to the government protection of them. The conduct of some of them, it is true, has been properly subject to severe criticism, but the Christian world has given them, as a body, credit for devotion and self-sacrifice. This public opinion still stands behind them, but with diminishing enthusiasm. As to whether missionaries were or were not a direct provocation of the recent outbreak in China is also a mat ter of opinion. Any one who under stands, or is a student of, human na ture need not be told that, In the very nature of things, a missionary is an Irritant. A subvertlve influence, he is necessarily an object of suspicion if not of hostility to the positive element of the community in which he labors. Events have called up sharply the sub ject of missionary activity, and sub jected It to the test of national and International policy. Considering it from this basis,, the following questions present themselves: When the Christian world in general held a more strenuous faith and be lieved that the heathen would suffer personal damnation, the impulse to save men's souls by preaching was stronger than it now is. We now live in a period of the comparative study of religions. The broad-minded Chris tian recognizes today that his own re- llglon has gradually unfolded. We have discovered that religious beliefs and form8 are everywhere a pafrt of the social fabric, and that established Institutions cannot be torn away from a body politic without endangering the whole organism. Has the evangelical force' of Christianity not become weaker, then, fading away from the desire to save souls Into a mere hu mane impulse to spread wall-being and civilization? If this be the tendency, does the work not appeal to a less vig orous kind of men than it formerly did? Will the missionary of the future not be rather an advance agent of Western civilization than of the creed of the Christian church? Will he not be the medical and the educational missionary rather than the apostle of the faith? It must be conceded, however, that such questions belong to the future rather than to the Immediate present, for the obvious reason that the mission ary field le populous with men and women who yet hold the most rigid orthodox doctrines as they were more commonly held a generation ago. Sta tistics show that there were in China previous to the late outbreak 2500 Prot estant Christian missionaries and 5000 native Christian workers. There were twelve universities and colleges, sixty- six theological and training schools, and more than 200 other schools of higher instruction, with something like 10,000 pupils, besides 30,000 who were taught in villages. The number of pa tients wh6 receive medical treatment In hospitals and dispensaries Is many times the number of converts and pu pils a fact which In itself indicates the trend of missionary effort. These facts are cited in evidence that missionary activity In China has already taken the form of general education; that the older conception of mission wark has yielded to the conception of it as a general civilizing influence rather than a direct propagation of the Christian faith.. Whether in this guise It will be less objectionable to the Chinese masses remains to be seen. At present this Is also a matter of opinion that takes color from personal bias. Of course, citizens of Portland have the highest respect for Speaker Hen derson, and appreciate with other citi zens of the Nation his excellent inten tions In the interest of public economy. They submit, however, that there Is a sharp line where intelligent economy leaves off and narrow parsimony be gins. To realize this facf, and recog nize this line ns a palpable barrier to the transaction of postal business, it is only necessary to step Into the money order department of the Portland Post office any day and try to elbow one's way either to one of the desks where patrons of this department of the postal service must All out blanks, sign orders, etc., or to the re ceiving or paying window of the cramped little apartment dignified by that name. With the other working rooms of the Postoffice building In this city the public is not so familiar, but, judging from the total Inadequacy of this one for the transaction of the money order business of the office, the need represented by a demand for the enlargement of the Portland Postofilce building is as imperative as any other that Is or may be pressed upon the at tention of the committee on 'appropria tions, -y The process of "bringing the post office to the home" will soon be in op eration in a well-settled section of East ern Multnomah County, included in Powell's Valley, and Beaver Creek, and on east to Gresham. Provision is made for a twenty-flve-mile- circuit in this extension of rural mall delivery, and conditions are such that a fair test of Its popularity and value will be made through the proper working of this route. Postal officials enter upon the work with great confidence, having sat isfied themselves that the people along the line will greatly appreciate the ef forts of the department to extend the advantage of the postoffice to their very doors. Men of energy and endurance; of quick perceptions, good memory and exhaustless patience, are required for this work. An Inspector who Is a good judge of human nature will not make a mistake in the selection of men for this service, but, eschewing politicsand fa voritism, w'lll see that It Is not crippled by incompetent agents. Much depends upon the start that free rural mail de livery gets Jn a conimunlty. Started right. It Is certain to extend Its lines through the sheer force of popularity. No one can doubt that this Is a great country after scanning the annual com parative . statement of Treasury esti mates, as completed a few days ago. The total of estimates' for appropria tions for 1902 amounts to $743,374,830, as compared with actual appropriations for 1901, less miscellaneous and defi ciency appropriations, of $690,660,230. The largest of the items In this esti mate is that for pensions, the amount being $145,245,230; the Postoffice estimate follows with $121,267,349; the Army comes third in the expense list In the single items, with a requisition for $113,019,044. The industrious statisti cian figures from the total list that the expenses of the Government a year and a half hence will be $2,036,569 a day. Of course, no one asserts that economy enters into these expenditures. There may be some quibbling over some of the items, but in the main the figures will stand, except as they are revised to permit an increase in pensions, naval expenditures or the cost of an always possible, but fortunately, at this time, not probable war. Through an error on the part of the Informant of an Oregonlan man, Mr. John Mlnto, of Salem, was reported as criticising Dr. McLoughlln, chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, in a paper read before the last meeting of the Oregon Historical Society. The full text of Mr. Minto's paper, which Is "printed elsewhere In this Issue, shows that not only was It free from criti cism of Dr. McLoughlln, but highly commendatory of that pioneer's share of the making of Oregon history. Mr. Mlnto is and has always been a warm admirer of Dr. McLoughlln, and has sought to give him the high place which is rightfully his In the esteem of those who are now reaping the fruits of his labors. If our self-seeking little politicians have read Governor Geer's interview on the text-book commission, they know why he cannot appoint them. It Is too bad, of course, but then there are sev eral ways of looking at things. The Filipinos do not make us feel better by laying down their arms, be cause they keep their legs. GREATEST BOOKS OF THE CENTURY The Outlook's 12th annual book number contains opinions of ten well-known men of letters on the ten greatest books of th il9th century. "Name the ten books oi the century, ending this month, which have most Influenced Its thought ana actions," was the request of the Outlook to: Hon. James Bryce, author of "Tho American Commonwealth." Rev. Edward Everett Hale. Henry Van Dyke, professor of .English literature at Princeton. Rev. George A. Gordon, D. D., pastor of Old South Church, Boston. Arthur T. Hadley, president of Yale University. A. M. Fairbairn, D. D., principal of Mansfield College, Oxford. G. Stanley Hall, president of Clark Uni versity. William DeWItt Hyde, president of Bow doln College. William J. Tucker, president of Dart mouth Collece. Thomas Wentworth Higginson. None of these writers give "flat-footed answers, but each reserves certain condi tions. James Bryee's Lint.. Darwin's Origin of Species. Goethe's Faust. Hegel's History of Philosophy. Wordsworth's The Excursion. Mazzini's Duties of Man. Carl Marx's Das Kapltal. De Malstre's Le Bape. Tocquevllle's Democracy In America. Malthus' Population. Hugo's Les MlBerables. Edward Everett Hole's List. Goethe's Faust. Wilhelm Meister's The Elective Affini ties. The Morphology. Darwin's Origin of Species. De Tocquevllle's Democracy In Amer ica. Bryce's American Commonwealth. Ruskin's Modern Painters. Emerson's Essays. Walter Scott's Works. Victor Hugo's Works. Tennyson's In Memorlam. Renan's Lire of Jesus. Itev. George A. Gordon's Ut. Goethe's Faust. Hegel's Logic Carlyle's French Revolution. Tennyson's In Memorlam. Darwin's Origin of Species. Comte's Social Philosophy. Webster's Soeeches. Emerson's Essays. Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. T. H. Green's Introduction to Hume. Artliar T. UncIIey'B List. Napoleon's Civil Code. Goethe's Faust, Hegel's Encyclopedia of the Philosoph ical Sciences. Schopenhauer's world as Will. Froebel's Education of Man. Saint Beuve's Mondays. Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Spencer's Principles of Psychology. Darwin's Origin of Species. Renan's Life of Jesus. A. M. Fnlrlmlrn' List. Hegel's Wlssenschaft der Logik. Comto's CouT3 de PhllOEophle Positive. Sir William Grove's Correlation of the Physical Forces. Darwin's Origin of Species. Champalllon's de l'Ecrlture Hleratlque dea Anclens Egyptlens. Nlebuhr's Romlsche Geschichte. Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads. Scott's Waverley. Strauss' Leben Jesu. Schlelermacher. Thomas Chalmers. G. Startler Hall's List. Darwin's Origin of Species. Hegel's Logic Strauss' Life or Jesus. Horace Mann's Educational Reports. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Helmholtz's Auditory Sensation. Carlyle's French Revolution. Gothe's Faust. Wagner's Works. Ibsen's Dramas. "William DeVItt Hyde's List. Hegel's Logic Comte's Positive Philosophy. Lylle's Principles of Geology. Darwin's Origin of Species. Spencer's Synthetic Philosophy. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus. Emerson's Essays. Ruskin's Modern Painters. Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Browning's Poems. "William J. Tncker's List. Goethe's Faust. Hegel's Philosophy of Religion. Hugo's Les MIserables. Darwin's Origin of Species. Strauss's Life of Jesus. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus. Spencer's Social Statistics. Tennyson's In Memorlam. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Thomas Wentworth HlffSlnnon'.-t List Leading Intellectual influences: Scott, Heine, Wordsworth, Hegel. Robert Owen, Darwin. Emerson, Tolstoi, Hawthorne and Browning. The contribution of Professor Henry Van Dyke is given In full as a model ot conciseness: In naming ten among the books of the 19th century which seem to me to have been most Influential, I wish to make my answer under certain conditions. First It Is an Impromptu reply to the ques tion of the editors of the Out loo Ij. It cannot be a carefully prepared literary estimate of a hundred years of books, with arguments and statistics to support It. It Is simply the report of a personal Impression, and therefore the un conscious confession of a :oInt of view Second It Is confined to books written In English. Third It takes account of books, not by the standard of perfection, nor by the test of pop ularity, but by the measure of Influence. I speak of books which have been forces In the Intellectual and moral life of the century. Among such books I would name the follow ing ten: 1. "Lyrical Ballads," with Wordsworth's preface of 1600. which marked the beginning of a new era of simplicity, sincerity, human ity and liberty In English poetry. 2. "Waverley," the novel In which Scott showed the noble possibilities of fiction, raising It to the dignity of a- fine art, and making It minister. In the broadest sense, to the enrich ment and elevation of life. 3. "Aids to Reflection." In which Coleridge brought philosophy to the Illumination of re ligion, and strengthened faith, not by suppress ing thought, but by deepening it. 4. "Sartor Hesartus." in which Thomas Car lyle sounded the battle-cry of his long and great warfare against the Idolatry of shams. 5. Emerson's Essays, In which he led the young and brave-hearted up to the mountain tops of truth and beauty and freedom, and bade them live by their visions, not by their misgivings. C Buskin's "Modern Painters," in which he spoke the "open sesame" to a new treasury not only of art. but also of books, and of na ture, and of human life. 7. "A System ot Logic." In which John Stuart Mill gave to the surviving elements of utilitarianism their most clear and reasonable statement and provided arms for a succeed ing generation of agnostics. 8. Sir William Hamilton's edition of the "Works ot Reld," la which the loftiest philos ophy of Idealism was defended and expounded on the basts of "common sense,' and a. new Impulse was given to those "who would live In the spirit." 0. "The Origin of Species," In which Charles Darwin gave lucidity and coherence to the conception of a progressive and continuous creation, which has changed the face ot tho modern scientific world. 10. "In Memorlam," In which Tennyson ex pressed the victory of spiritual faith over-honest doubt, and set to music the creed of Im mortal love. SLINGS AND ARROWS- Ye Poet rbI Ye Printer, Ye Poet sa.Ua with furrowed Browe, Beep dugge by Carle and Care. Quoth hce: "Te Printer's evil Wayes Rse more than Man can bear. "Though I have, wrought unceasingly To wtnne a lustrous Name, MyseUe. and eke my Poems sweete. Bee all unknown to Fame, "For that re sinful Printer Man Doth garble willfully Both Sonne.ttes. Odea and Lyrics, till The Mama bee sadde to Boa. "Now will I slnr his wjeked works That all the World may know Ye evil .of ye soulless Wight, That la ye Poet's Foe." So took hee up his ready panne. And wrote a bitter screed. Which followea in ye Poem here. That hee who wills may reade: Ye Printer Is a Slnfulle Man, That tnketh muche Delight. In making Mooke of Poems falre. Ills betters do Indite. "What knoweth hee hut Types and Inkc? What knoweth hee of Art? Besmlrch-ed Is his heavy Face, Besmlrch-cd Is his Hearte. "Te Devil followes him about, Wherer he now dotli go And eke when he doth leave ye Earth, "Will follow him belowe." Ye Poet lauzhed both long and Loude, When that re lines hee reade, "Te Printer will repent him muche When that Is forth." he Said. But when ye wicked Printer man Te Poem did espy. He putte It into Types like this. Which set It muche awry: 'Ye Printer la etaoln That taketh muche Delight In making ehrdlu shrdlu shrdlu shrdlu Te Poet doth Indite. "What knoweth he cmfwyp cmfwyp Hee carcth much for Art (Besmirched is EtAnd fttwi Fulle noble Is his Hearte.) "Te Devil ffb'cSam Where'er hee now doth go And eke when 23-3g'4nifr Will followe him belowe." Te Poet beat his breast lull sore When that his eye hee cast Upon ye Proofe. Hee laugheth best Who also laugheth last. Christmas Don't. Don't buy your husbmd any cigars, especially If they are wrapped in tin foil. Don't, on a salary of $40 a month, buy your wife more than one sealskin sacque. Don't go down town the next day and ask the price of the manicure sat your friend gave you. You are likely to find her at the same place Inquiring the price of the silver hairbrush you gave her. Don't give your girl a padded covered volume of "Luclle." She has received one every Christmas since she was 12 years old. Don't tell tho children that there isn't any Santi Claus, unless you want them to class you with Ananias. Don't expect a check for $100 from your rich uncle. Don't mall presents to friends in dis tant parts of the country the day before Christmas and denounce the postal sys tem If they are not received till May 1. Don't send your maiden aunt a cook book, or a volume of Ella Wheeler Wil cox's poems to your grandfather. Literary Career. There lived a man once on a tlmo Who raised fat hogs; and when He died, 'twas truly said he made His living with his pen. LIterarjr Xotes. "Tho Cold Outside" Is the title of a tragic poem soon to be given tho public by William J. Bryan. The report that Rudyard Kipling and Ella Wheeler Wilcox are collaborating on a new story proves to be without founda tion. A translation of the works of Ian Mac laren may be looked for among Christmas books. Bullfinch's "Age of Fable" is to be brought out again soon, with an appen dix which shall Include the works of George Ade. Mark Twain has admitted the 'author ship of "Annie Laurie." Historical novels to the number of 15.4S3.239 will be Issued the first of the year. The authorship of the Shakespearean plays which heretofore have been ascribed to Ben Jonson has been traced to Igna tius Donnelly. An essay on "The Necessity of Pure Politics in New York," from the pen of Richard Croker, is forthcoming. "Why I Am So Funny" Is the name of an autobiographical sketch by Cbauncey Depew. "Only Waiting" is the title of a pathetic Utle poem wrlten by Alfred Austin for the Prince of Wales. Now that Theodore Roosevelt has been elected Vice-President he will have time to write on the one or two historical subjects he has not yet handled. , Grover Cleveland has decided not to Issue a volume of poems this year. Marie Corelll Is taking a much-needed rest, as also are her readers. F. P. Dunne Is said to have gone to Dublin to lay In a fresh stock of brogue. To the Mistletoe. (With adequate apology to the late John Keats.) Thou atrabllloos bunch of sickly green. Thou parasitic growth oa noble trees, Whose dark and shapeless masses may be seen To shudder, like an aspen In the breeze; What grim, sarcastic fate hath thee assigned To mingle with the Christmas holidays. To Join llght-harted Jollity and mirth. To drive alt thought of sorrow out of mind. And set the poets singing fjrth thy praise. As if thou wert the fairest of the earth? Could any honest mortal call thee fair. Or think thy pallid berries good to see. Whose nourishment was stolen from the air. Thou Incubus, that throttled some vast tree? Was It because thou art thyself a thief. That thou now com'st to sanction robbery. To legalize the stealing of a kiss. While thou, with envy thrilling every leaf, Condonest the offense? Is naught amiss With plants that calmly compound felony? Unloved for any beauty ot thine own. Unmarked by all, save at the Christmas tide. Thy withered leaves and berries will be strown. Ere many days 'round every fireside. Some strange mistake ot fortune made of thee A thing of value to the hearts ot those Who prize the privilege thou dost confer; But, never question, mortals will agree Thy place belongs, and Justly, to the rose. Why not, supplanter, give It up to her? J, J. MONTAGUE. Verses Written In a Gift Copy of Mr. LoTvell's Poems. James Busselt Lowell la the Atlantic. If here, sweet friend, no verse you find To wake far echoes In the .mind. No reach of pasclon that can stir Tour chords ot deeper character. Let It sutace If here ana there Tou seem to snuff New England air And give a kindly thought to one Who In our ampler Western sun Finds no such sunshine as he drew In London's dreariest fogs from yon. MASTERPIECES OF L1TERATURE-43 Scientific Basis of Immortality 'John Rske. Upon the question whether Humanity:, is. after all. to cast in Up lot with tho grass that withers and the beasts., that perish, the whole foregoing argument has a bearing that is by no means remote or far-fetched. It Is not likely that we ehall ever succeed In making the immor tality of the soul a matter of scientific, demonstration, for we lack the requisite data. It must ever remain an affair of religion rather than of science. In other words. It must remain one ot that class of questions upon which I, may not ex pect to convince my neighbor, while at the same time I may entertain a reason able conviction of my own upon the sub ject. In the domain, of cerebral physiol ogy the question might be debated forever without a result. The only thing which cerebral physiology tells us, when stud led with the aid of molecular physics, is against the materialist, so far as it goes. It tells us that, during the present life, although thought and feeling are al ways manifested In connection with a peculiar form of matter, yet by no pos sibility can thought and feeling be in any sense the products of matter. Nothing could be more grossly unscientific than the famous remark of Cabanls, that the brain secretes thought as the liver se cretes bile. It Is not even correct to say that thought goes on in the brain. What goes on In the brain Is an amazingly complex series of molecular movements, with which thousht and feeling are In some unknown way correlated, not as effects or as causes, but as concomitants. So much Is clear, but cerebral physiology says nothing about another life. Indeed why should it? The last place in the world to which I should go for informa tion about a state of things In which thought and feeling can exist in the ab sence of a cerebrum would be cerebral physiology! The materialistic assumption that the life of the soul ends with the life of the body. Is perhaps the most colossal In stance of baseless assumption that Is known to the history ot philosophy. No evidence for It can be alleged beyond the familiar fact that during the pres ent life we know Soul only in lt3 asso ciation with Body, and therefore can not discover disembodied soul without dying ourselves. This fact must always prevent us from obtaining direct evi dence for the belief In the soul'a sur vival. But a negative presumption is not created by the absence of proof in cases where, in the nature of things, proof Is inaccessible. With his Illegiti mate hypothesis of annihilation the ma terialist transgresses the bounds of ex perience quite as widely as the poet who sings of the New Jerusalem with Its riv ers of life and lta streets of gold. Scien tifically speaking, there is not a particle of evidence for either view. But when we desist from the futile at tempt to introduce scientific demonstra tion Into a region which confessedly transcends human experience, and when we consider the question upon broad grounds of moral probability, I have no doubt that men will continue In the fu ture, as In the past, to cherish the faltn. In a life beyond the grave. In past times the disbelief in the soul's immor tality has always accompanied that kind of philosophy which, under whatever name, has regarded Humanity as merely a local incident in an endless and aim less series of cosmlcal changes. As a general rule, people who "have come to take such a view of the position of Man in the universe have ceased to believe in a future life. On the other hand, he who regards Man as the consummate fruition of creative energy, and the chief object of Divine care, is almost irresistibly driv en to the belief that the soul's career is not completed with the present life upon t-'ie earth. The Darwinian theory, properly understood, replaces as much theology as it destroys. From the first dawning of life we see all things work ing together toward one mighty goal, the evolution of the most exalted spiritual qualities which characterize Humanity. The body is cast aside and returns to the dust of which it was made. The earth, so marvelously wrought to man's uses, will also be cast aside. The day 13 to come, no doubt, when the heavens shall vanish as a scroll, and the elements be melted with fervent heat. So email is the value which Nature sets upon the perishable forms of matter! The ques tion, then, is reduced to this: are Man's highest spiritual qualities, into the pro duction of which all this creative energy has gone, to disappear with the rest? Has all this work been done for nothing? Is It all ephemeral all a bubble that bursts, a vision that fades? Are we to regard the Creator's work as like that of a child, who builds houses out of blocks, just for the pleasure of knocking them down? For aught that science can tell us. It may be so, but I can see no good reason for believing any such thing. Qp such a view the riddle of the uni verse becomes a riddle without a mean ing. Why. then, are we any more called upon to throw away our belief in the permanence of the spiritual element In Man than we are called upon to throw away our belief In the constancy of Nature? For my own part, therefore, I believe In the Immortality of the soul, not In the sense in which I accept the demonstrable truths of science, but as a supreme act of faith in the reasonableness of God's work. Such a belief, relating to regions quite Inaccessible to experience, cannot of course be clothed in terms of definite and tangible meaning. For the experi ence which alone can give us such terms we must await that solemn day which Is to overtake us all. The belief can be most quickly defined by Its negation, as the refusal to believe that this world Is all. The materialist holds that when you have described the whole universe of phenomena of which we can become cognizant tinder the conditions of the present life, then the whole story Is told. It seems to me, on the contrary, that the whole story is not thus told. I feel the omnipresence of mystery In such wise as to make It far easier for me to adopt the view of Euripides, that what we call death may be but the dawning of true knowledge and of true life. The greatest philosopher ot modern times, the master and teacher of all who shall study the process of evolution for many a day to come, holds that the conscious soul Is not the product of a collocation of ma terial particles, but Is in the deepest sense a divine effluence. According to Mr. Spencer, the divine energy which la manifested throughout the knowable uni verse Is the same energy that wells up in us as consciousness. Speaking for my self, I can see no Insuperable difficulty in the notion that at some period in the evolution of Humanity this divine spark may have acquired sufficient concentra tion, and steadiness to survive the wreck of material forms and endure forever. Only on some such view can the rea sonableness of the universe, which still remains far above our finite power of comprehension, maintain its ground. There are some minds Inaccessible to the clas3 of considerations here alleged, and perhaps there always will be. But on such grounds. If on no other, the faith in immortality Is likely to be shared by all who look upon the genesis of the high est spiritual qualities in Man as the goal of Nature's creative work. This view ha3 survived the Copernican revo lution in science, and it haa survived the Darwinian revolution. Nay, if the fore going exposition be sound, it is Darwin ism which has placed Humanity upon a higher pinnacle than ever. The future Is lighted for us with the radiant colors of hope. Strife and sorrow shall disappear. Peace and lave shall reign supreme. The dreams of poets, the lesson of priest and prophet, the inspiration of the great mu sician, is confirmed in the light of mod ern knowledge; and as we gird ourselves up for the work of life, we may look forward to the time when in the truest sense the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdom ot Christ, and he shall reign for ever and ever, kins of kings and lord of lords.