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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 25, 1900)
THE SrXDAY OttEGONIAN, POlHT,"T NOVEMBER 25, 1300. 19 REMINISCENCES Dr. Tolmie's Letter to Governor McMullin Chief Leschi, Who Had Been demned for Murder. Pollowins U a copy of a letter written to Governor MoMuIlln, o Washington Territory, by Dr. W. F. Tolralo, In de fense of the Indian Chief Leschi, who tad een condemned for murder: Port Klsqually, W. T.. Jan 12. 1S58. To Hit Excellency. Fayette McMullin, Governor Wash ington Territory. Olympla, "W. T I havo known Leschi since IMS. as a well-dlposed. peaceable Indian, of superior ability. respeoted By his tribe and orten referred to as an arbi trator In their disputes. Towards the whites lie and his deceased brother. Quyeimal. were from our first settlement here. In 1S33. re markably friendly, and In early years they on several occasions rendered valuable assist ance in repressing therts of horses and cattle on the Dart of other Indians. Colonel M. T. Blmraona. who was present, remembers how readily 1B iS4B the two chiefs volunteered their aid when we were la trouble here with the Snoqualmles. Leschi, I have learned, both xrom whites and; Indians who were present t tho treaty-makinir at Mediae Creek in the T inter of 1854-55, protested vehemently there against the reservation originally appointed for the NUquallles at SeMseUootzln, on Klsqually Bay. I do not remember having bad any conversa tion with Leschi specially oa the subject till July, 1833, when one Sunday morning, accom panied by another head man of the tribe, he came to state his grievances and ask my advice. He complained that he was kept la continual apprehension and uneasiness, on account of reports brought to him by Indians from. Olympla, of his being obnoxious to the agents there, and of their intention soon to Incarcerate, and perhaps hang him. He and bis companion then talked with great cmpha K of the unaultaWrnenB of the reservation Intended for them, and a parsing Indian ap proaching to listen, they reproached him in bitter terms for having failed at Medicine Creek to support their protest. I reminded Leschi of the tale-bearing and lying propensi ties of Indians la general, and added that, knowing himself gutltnecs of offense against Ither the property or persons of the whites, no might go to Olympla. and talk without tear to Acting-Governor Mason. He shared at this time In the dread generally enter tained by the Sound Indians, that the buying of their lands was a prelude to shipping them off In steamers to an imaginary dark and sun less country, and the Indian agents of that day will remember how widespread and inerad icable that apprehension was how an Indian eeemingly convinced of Its absurdity would bo baok In a few days, as mueh alarmed as ever. In August and September, 1853, I saw Xesofai several times, and perceived that the threatening reports from Olympla still con cerned him much. In September or October. I pointed out Leschi to Mr. Mason as an Indian, In the event of hostilities, likely to be very useful to the whites If with them, and formid able If the contrary. The Governor, hearing evil reports of him from Indian enemies, and Z believe from whites Ukele, exacted a prom ise from Lesahl that he and his brother Quyei mal would forthwith move with their families Into Olympla. The two brothers, while yet Uncertain whether to go or not, having notice from Indians that next day a party of whites were coming to setae them, fled In the night, leaving their families behind. The next day. when Captain Eaton and the rangers reached their place of residence, the families were still concealed In the woods close by. Leschi has been greatly blamed for going off on this occasion, but to any Impartial per son acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and the condition of this country at the time, his conduct will seem natural enough. He seams to have lingered In uncertainty till the last, and to have gone off at length, un der the strong Impulse of fear for his per sonal safety. He maintains, and I have heard It from others, whilst he was yet at large, that Quyeimal and himself Intended going direct from Klsqually to the Yakima country, where they had numerous relatives, but were Induced to remain at Green River by the threats of Kynaskut and Kutsap, chiefs there, to follow and assassinate them. It they per sisted la goiag on. Again, Leschi is erroneously supposed by many to have In the Spring of 1855 gone as far south as Rogue River, stirring up the na tives to hostilities against the Americans. He came to this plaae in the Spring of 1S55, to purchase necessaries for a journey to Albany, O T, which has given rise to this report, and bringing me a letter from that place on his return. I knew, when the Rogue River tory came out, that, owing to the brief period of bis absence. It could not bo true, and I have accordingly contradicted It on all occa sions Before setting out for Albany, Leschi Informed mo that he was going thither tq bring home a relative of his, taken to Oregon In 1549 by the Indian agent of that day, J. Queen Thornton, Esq On his return he brought me a still extant letter from Mrs. Thornton, stating the youth's unwillingness to leave them, and requesting me to tell his relatives no longer to seek his return. Lesehl haa lately informed me, and his statement Is corroborated by others, that he wanted his cousin from Albany to be Inter preter for the Klsqually tribe, as In dealing with the whites on suoh momentous affairs as me saie or tnetr laaas, ne reit the great dis advantage the Indians labor under In having no better medium of communication than the Chinook Jargon Finding, however, that his cousin had forgotten the Nlsquaily language, he did not urge his return. Doubtless In flag and returning .he conversed with Indians along the route on the absorbing topics of the day the sale of the lands, and the over powejlng fears of the Indians as to what was to follow, as well as oa the resistance to be offered, should the much-dreaded transporta tion measures be really attempted; but In this he was no more guilty than the others, al though his name hasi been more prominent. On his return in 4855, he stated in delivering the letter, and he adheres to It yet, that white men akmg the route assured him that frightful evils t ere impending over the Indians In consquenee of the sale of their lands. X will suppose further that being by the cottier's side a Yakima, and a near relative of the chiefs of that tribe, he may have held himself bound to have Jelned that tribe. In the event of hostilities regarding the relin quishment of their lands. My own belief, however, haa always been that neither Leschi nor Quyeimal -would, have taken up arms, un less virtually driven from their homes, as they were. Indeed, the latter had already com menced ploughing his field for Fall wheat, when frightened Into running away. Gov ernor Mason urged these Indians to go to Olympla, la part for their own safet, as some whites were threatening them, but that waa to them the lion's den. During the heat of the war. Leschi haa the cred.C of having twlee Interposed successfully between Kyaasklt and some defenseless white men. whoa lives the latter sought; and again while Kyaasklt and Kutsap were absent, attacking the town of Seattle, he got posses sion of and seat to Fort Stetlaeoom a captive white boy, whose lite with the Indians was constantly in danger. Leschi was also opposed to the commission of depredations In the abandoned settlements, and it was after a -violent altercation with him on this account that Sluggla and others, diil.klng he severe discipline, moved to the upper KlsquaHy. whence Issuing, they subse quently killed Xortheratt and White. At a late day, Lesehl, returning from the Taklma Valley, led off across the mountains, the re maining stragglers, who had evaded the pur suit c-f the regulars and volunteers, and whoso latest act of mischief was the burning of Glasgow's barn. In the Summer of 1658, Leschi. with the other ohlefs. Bade peace with Colonel Wright. In command ef the regulars in the Taklma Valley, after which general pacification, and a the Indiana phrase it, "laying aside of guns and angry feelings." they lived for same time Jn friendly intercourse with the soldiers. la the Fall of 1SW the NisquaUlea returned home, and were placed on a reservation much more to their Jlklar than that originally nxed upon. In October Leschi came, and as I was the first white man he ventured to meet, he desired me to acquaint the Americans that If they needed that assurance, he would cut off his right hand la proof of his Intention never to Sght them again. He expressed his wllUagnesa to surrender to Colonel Casey, commanding at Fort Stetla eoom. bat that effleer considered It most pru dent that Lesehl should for a time remain jn the woods, as prejudice ran high against Jslm. Soon after, tempted by a large reward. B. f ..IrtwuJ T &l.l W . 5 rauir'L jrfwiovn try- urncarreui prom ises of complete reoeMtHatten with the 'Olym- watte caiLs aoa as was coon after im OF PUGET SOUND Interceding for Con-" prisoned on the charge which has led to his condemnation. The capture and Imprisonment of Leschi greatly surprised the Indians, and in particu lar those east of the mountains., who had been present at the pacification with Col onel Wright. His execution new for an al leged offense, the Indians one apd all believe him Innocent of, would greatly outrage their notions of justice and weaken that confidence In the plighted faith of the "white chiefs" which It Is so desirable they should be fully possessed with. Among the warlike tribes east of the Cascade Mountains, the hanging of Leschi at this late day would, under thei cir cumstances, awaken strong feeling of distrust and dissatisfaction towards the Americans, and It is not unreasonable to suppose, might leae them open to Mormon overtures, which oth erwise would not be listened to. I have from the first considered your pro posal to send some of the leading Indian chiefs to Washington as, If carried out. a mas ter stroke of policy. During the absence of these chiefs, we would have full security for the peace of the country, and white men could go .through the Taklma Valley to the but partially explored gold country near Col vllle, in large or small parties, In safety. With Leschi executed, however, it would be difficult to prevail on the right sort of Indlan3 to be sent, to place themselves In the power t of the whites, as they would, of course, be very suspicions and distrustful. With Leschi pardoned and free on the contrary, he might be most usefully employed as emissary to these Indians, te bring about the desired consum mation. Our territory needs population, and the sooner its good name is re-established as a safe field for immigration, the better will It be for all whose interests lie in this portion of the American continent. I am. sir, your very obedient servant. WILLIAM FRASBR TOLMIE. Chief Factor Hudson's Bay Co. Agent Paget Sound Agricultural Co. Klsqually, W. T. Grass on Xisqually Plains. Following- is a copy of a letter written to "W. H. Snell, In reply to a charge made by the Tacoma News that the Hud son's Bay Company destroyed the pas tures on the Klsqually plains: Stellacoom, Sept. 5, 1809 W. H. Snell, Ta coma, Wash. My Dear Sir; In the Friday evening, last lssae of the Tacoma Evening News, I noticed a short item, headed: "Eat ing Out Bunchgrass," and saying that "the prairies south of Tacoma are an example, and that within the time of the memory of man, the grass en the prairies grew as high as the withers of an elk, but when the Hudson's Bay men brought In droves of cattle and sheop, the grass was eaten out root and branch, and now only a fuzz of short grass and moss grows on the prairies." I assure you, the writer of this has been misinformed. I would like to cause him to be put right, and give the credit at the destruction of the fine growth of grass, which thirty-five or forty years ago covered the greater part of the prairie land In Pierce County, to whom It be longs. I cculd conclusively prove that It was not the livestock of the Ensllsh Puget Sound Agricultural Company which caused the ex tinction of the indigenous blue bunchgra&s upon these plains, for In 18C2 the company bad hardly any livestock running upon the IGO.vOO acres of land It claimed to own In Pierce County. About 500 sheep, 100 head of cattle and a few wild horses then belonged to this company, and long after they discontinued the breeding of cattle and sheep to any great ex tent, the grass upon these plains grew lux nrlantlr. When this company pastured about 12,000 sheep, 7000 head of cattle and upwards of .300 horses, the grass, except Immediately around the principal establishment. Fort Kls qually. and the seven or eight outlying sta tions, continued to be very good, indeed. The cattle, from being constantly shot at, be cane so wild and unmanageable, as rendered it altsost impossible to handle them; In fact, they were- as hard to handle -sss buffalo, and in 1654-55 they almost all disappeared from the plains. The large lot of sheep was so man aged that the grass did not receive any In Jury from tho herd pastured upon It. They were- kept In bands of from 000 to 700, and were herded by Indians, two to each band, which were under the supervision of a white man, who resided at the out-statlons. Each white head shepherd had under his charge from two to four of these bands, which were carefully parked every night, and the parks, or corrals, moved every two or three nights, thus thoroughly manuring several acres of land around each station, for arable purposes. The sheep were not allowed to overpasture the land, but were moved to new ground be fore the grass became Injured. This grass was of a very nutritious character. Although It was In bunches, It was not like the grass common to the east side of the mountains, which leaves fully half the ground bare. It covered the ground completely, making a thick sward, which, even In the hot Summer months, did not dry up, but was of a deep, bluish-green color. In the Winter season here, the cattle and horses had to shift for them selves, and lived principally in the woods, coming out In the early Spring months in a deplorably thin condition. A few weeks' run- upon the green, nutritious prairie grass made them different animals, the cattle fit for beef and the horses fat and sleek looking. In the early 60s there was very little of the prairie land fenced up, and the livestock had the run of the entire plains, thus affording ample room for feeding, without seriously Injuring the grass. There are still living In this , county, and not far from Stellacoom. three of the old sen ants of tho Puget Sound Agricultural Company, the aoqualntanoe of whom with the early history of these plains In connection with this company Is as extensive as my own. John McLeod, now residing with his son-in-law, Dan Mounts, ntar the mouth of the Squally River, came here first. In 1833, as one of the crew of the steamer Beaver. His visit then was only transient, but In 1811 he waa sent here to remain permanently, and became head shepherd. He resided at first at one of the company's stations, on the banks of Wyaateho (Stellacoom) Lake, and had the supervision of three or four flocks of sheep. He Is now a very old man, between SO and 00 years of age, is In fair health, is intelli gent, and could tell, If he chose, a good many Interesting stories of early happenings In this country. Another old hand Is Adam Belnston, who lives on a pralrje farm near Lakevlew. He came here in 1844, and in 1850 had charge of two or three bands of sheep, supervising the Indian herds. He lived In a company house, stadlng within a stone's throw of the Insane Asjlum Springs. In fact the first Fort Stella coom was once an extonslve farm, belonging to the English company, whleh was rented to the United States Government, and the first company of soldiers. Company H, Fourth Ar tillery. Captain Hill, was located there In August, 1840. A large barn, built of squared timber, was used as the soldiers' barracks, and the outbuildings were used as officers' quarters and storehouses. The Government oc cupied this tract of ground. Including the farmstead, 040 acres, for 20 years, and paid the company JOo a year rental all that time. Another of the old hands Is Willie Toung, residing near Mounts. He served the com pany for many years, and was part of the time a shepherd, residing at a station in the Elk Plain, a large prairie, or plain, between Spaaoway and Muck. He had a large band of sheep and oattfe In his charge, and was a resident of the plains throughout the period of the Indian war, and could talk Intelli gently about the condition of the prairies and about early times in this county. In 3870. the land formerly claimed by the English company was surveyed, and thrown open to settlement, and the tnost available parts of it were soon taken up. Large tracts were fenced, and no regard was made to the amount or quantity of land comprised within the lawful boundaries of claims taken. A man fenced up as much land as his means would admit of. or his neighbors would al low him, and I know of Instances where a man who could claim lawfully to own only 160 acres of land, had fenced up from 1000 to 000 acres, and held undisputed possession of It until some ens came along and Interfered with his calculations, by perhaps -entering a homestead or pre-emption claim, in the midst of his large, squatted-upoa tract This way, fully one-halt the prairie land was fenced up, and at that time almost all the prairie farm ers owned sheen, some 100 and some even as maaj', a 2000 head. I think I am safe in saying that In the '70s. arid early S0, upt wards of 30,000 sheep ran upon the Squally j -tains. Of course, nature never Intended these plains to pasture such a large number of I sheep, and, mind you, at the same time there I were many head of cattle and horses also "unnlng at large upon these plains. This arge number of sheep were pastured during the Spring and Summer months upon the com mons, or unfenced lands, and the enclosed lands were reserved for Winter pasture. The common grass had no chance to seed, and that large number of sheep soon killed out the old original bunchgrass, the sheep, In fact, nib bling it so close that the hot July and August sun, and scorching northwest winds, dried up and killed its roots, and a growth ot worthless grass and weeds has taken its place. So you see. It was not the Hudson's Bay Company's droves of cattle and sheep which ruined the Klsqually plains, and caused Its grass-covered acres to be more worthless than are the majority of the and plains of Arizona and California, because they are susceptible of Improvement by irrigation, but the greater part of the Klsqually plains are beyond tho reach ot such, because ot the porous nature of the subsoil, which Is pure worthless gravel, which would drink up and lose all water put upon It like a sieve. I have often heard it said that the Hudson's Bay Company dtd this and that to the detriment of the soil, such as the Introduction of Injurious weeds, the over feeding of and destruction ot the pasture lands, eta, but this Is untrue. It Is not at all likely that this great company would do anything willfully to deteriorate the -value of Its own property, for, in the days prior to 184G, both the Hudson's Bay and Puget Sound Companies firmly believed that the Columbia River would most certainly be the boundary line separating the two great countries, and that they would obtain title to the Immense tracts of land they claimed to own, from the British Government. If they had not felt cer tain of this, they would not have made the expensive Improvements they did, within what was eventually decided to be within the boun daries of the United States. When the boun dary line was fixed, and It was found that the company's large possessions, or claims, were upon the wrong side of it, a special clause in the treaty of 1810 gave protection to them, and after long and expensive consid eration, the company surrendered their claims to the "United States Government for $050,000. E- HUGGIKS. IN THE SOCIAL WORLD. (Contluued from "Fifteenth Page.) j Sound on their honeymoon. They are expected home Sunday. City Attorney Blandford has gone to Denver, Colo., for a week or 10 days. Miss Annie Arnold, of Waltsburg, Is vis iting her brother, County Clerk Arnold. Mrs. Tom Durry and children are visit ing her mother, Mrs. George F. Thomas. P. L. Shepherd, of New Concord, O., is visiting his brother, Professor J. W. Shep hera. The annual charity ball attracted a large crowd of ladles and gentlemen Friday r.lght. Miss Abigail Robb, of Boise City, has been visiting Mrs. Robert Burns for a week. Frank Villa has gone to Pullman to coach the Agricultural College football team. Mm. B. D. Crocker has been In Seattle during the week visiting her son, who Is a student in the Washington University. Hon. Wellington M. Clark and -wife have returned from Seattle, where they went to attend the Phlpps-AHen wed ding. Mrs. Albert Goldman returned Wednes day from Portland, where she went to witness the marriage of her brother-in-law Ben Goldman. James M. Welsh, grand master of the grand lodge I. O. O. F. of Oregon, ana wife were In the city from Astoria during the week visiting relativew. Captain J. J. Boyer has gone to New "Stork City on an extended visit. He will probably visit Europe and the Philip pines before returning here. On Wednesday afternoon Mrs. A. H. Burford entertained two. dozen of her friends with progressive euchre and de licious refreshments. Handsome prizes were won by Mr?. H. R. Keylor and Miss Abigail Robb. Chehalls. Mrs Lafe Irish Is visiting friends at Roseburg, Or. W. R. Watt Is up from Castle Rock vis iting his mother. Miss Nellie Hope, who has been In Se attle several months, Is at home. Miss Nellie Stewart was In Portland early In the week visiting her parents. Tho family of State Treasurer-elect C. W. Maynard will remain In Chehalls until Spring. Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Gray celebrated tho anniversary of their wedding Tuesday evening. Miss Hazel Housler, of Tacoma, Is vis iting her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. L. LaBree. Harry LaBree, of Bonner, Mont., is visiting his parents, Mr. and Mrs. L. LaBree, of Chehalls. Rev L. S. Mochel, formerly of the Presbyterian Church of Chehalls, departed Tuesday for Spokane, having accepted a call to a pastorate in that city. Mr. and . Mrs. Benjamin Knapp are about to return to their home In Kan sas, after visiting their daughter, Mrs. D. J, "Wlsner, during the past Summer. The Hllislde Card Club was reorganized Tuesday evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Coffman, and will hold so cial meetings every v other week until Lent. Professor and Mrs. L. H. Leach enter tained about 30 young people at their home Friday evening At a quilting party. Rev. Mr. Mochel won the prize for the neatest piece of sewing, and C. W. John sono got the consolation prize. Each gentleman was assigned the task of quilt ing nine blocks, and the ladles super vised the work. UNIVERSITY OF OREGON. An Interesting- "Week Addresses the Students and Faculty EUGENE, Nov. 23. It was a glorious victory that game with Berkeley. The University is unanimously proud of the triumph and those who scored It for Ore gon. This was loudly evident both when the news was received and when the toam returned Tuesday morning. When students get out at 3. in the morning to do the college yell It means they are con siderably aroused over something or oth er. As everyone now knows Just how It happened, attention is turned toward the Thanksgiving game with Multnomah. These games have always been deplorably similar In result, but there is a prevalent feeling that It's time the luck changed, so a lot of Eugene people will" go down Wednesday to help change it, and there by achieve a real Thanksgiving day. The U. O. Monthly for November came out the early part of last week. The leading articles are "An Appreciation of Beowulf," by L M. Glen, 'M; "Two Uni versities, a Brief Estimate of Bruno and Gutenberg"; "Intercollegiate Debating," by Dr. Sheldon. A story, editorials, verse, literary notes and exchanges complete a rather creditable number, but is dis tinctly lacking In undergraduate writings. Last Tuesday evening Dr. and Mrs. Strong received In honor of Mr. and Mrs. Bross, of Portland. A largo number of the University people and their friends enjoyed a pleasant evening. Several of the senior girls assisted Mrs. Strong In receiving. Tho Juniors broke away from their books Saturday evening long enough to have a very gay coaching party. Three big loads of them took tally-ho's out to the country home of Miss Ida Calif and had a good time going, coming back and, most of all, while there. - Their regret Is that they didn't think of doing it before. The second of the special lectures before the University was given in assembly Wednesday morning, when Mr. Era-. e3t Bross, managing editor of the Ore gonlan, spoke on "Method and Ethics of Editorial Writing." The meeting was at tended by many from town, as well as by the students and Instructors. All lis tened closely and gained a better under- ALL PITY TH By MARGASET L. B5XGGa (AIL Rights Reserved.) " "What a hard time the w.oman has who frets! Ton can see fret in every move she makes. Ytau can. see it in her face. Of course fret is a kind of nervousness, but it Isn't the agrressive' kind. It's the specialty of the timid soul. Some "women will worry and fret and Btew all day long over nothing. One is tempted to say that It's a habit, and nothing else. Of course, it does grow with encouragement, but the encouragement Is uncon scious, and the woman who frets Is usually a good, true-hearted woman, . who wants to be useful. Indeed, her anxiety to accomplish things is one source of her fretting. But fretting is very dieagreeable, and helps other people to fret. Nearly everybody frets a little, but the person who accomplishes the most, and has the most friends, and who inspires respect everywhere, is the calm person. You can see efficiency in every movement, and you envy her the evenness of her disposition. Fretting may be the cause of diEease, or it may be the result of dis ease,' but one thing is certain fretful women are women whose feminine organism is not in a normal, healthy state. This Is established beyond all doubt There seems to be a physical cause for most habits people have. Certain deficiencies in the "chin indicate feeble will-power, certain shape of mouth and nose Indicates certain distinct tendencies. These things are plain to the Btudent, however far-fetched they wry seem to those of us who do not know how to interpret the signs. With women, though, it is quite certain that every unpleasant peculiarity of disposition is di rectly due to something not quite normal in the organism of her sex. A fretting woman will presently develop some more or less serious fe male trouble; perhaps all her life from girlhood she has had painful or irregular periods, or some unaccounted-for pains or aches. She hasn't paid much attention to them, and, In fact, they are about the only things she hasn't fretted about; she has sieges with the bearng-down sensa tion, iwssibly, or a dull, internal ache down in the side some of these things she has, it is inevitable. It may merely be that her periods occur too often, say every three weeks. This is a thing that Is very common, Tjut nothing Is done about It Is It not, however, the clearest possible indication of some disorder? Do you-uppose the periods will presently come all right of their own ac cord? Instead of this, more than likely the event will shortly appear every two weeks, and then you may think it worth while to do some thing about it Do not do satisfied to take chances when there is anything unnatural about the menstrual function, because a perfectly regular and normal recurrence pt this experience is the A B C of woman's health. The safest thing for future comfort that the woman who frets can do is to take Lydla E. Plnkham's Vegetable Compound. You hear lots of women say: "I wish I was like Mrs. So-and-So; nothing worries her." Now, you cannot be like the placid Mrs. So-and-So while you are troubled with any weakness, or irregularity; but if you will take a short course of Mrs. Plnkham's medicine you will begin to see how much more you will have yourself in control, you will find the irregularity of your monthly sickness corrected and your general health greatly Improved. Women grow so used to being not very robust that they don't real ize how much they are "missing that might be theirs. Now, a man may be run down and played out, but the right kind of food and the right kind of exercise will build him up, but a woman who has some female trouble can never be healthy until that female trouble is cured. She also will need certain physical exercise if she wishes to develop all her pow ers, but she never can acconipllsh permanent Buccess in building up health until the little derangement or inflammation is first overcome. Lydia B. Plnkham's Vegetable Compound is such a safe medicine for women, and It has helped to health such a multitude of very sick ones, that no really ambitious woman or really earnest woman should disregard it, if she Is fretful or has any of the other indications of female trouble. It is a Bplendld tonic for the reproductive system, curing all displacements and irregularities. Two generations of women have been helped by it standing and appreciation of the methods which nave giYea Oregon the best news paper on the Coast. As Dr. Strong happi ly remarked, the .Interest" which those In fluential in the state are beginning to take in U. of O. is the best assurance of her future welfare and usefulness. Tho literary societies held their usual meetings last Friday night and settled numerous Important questions". The de baters are getting Into trim to occupy the stage as soon as football games havt gone to the rear. The societies have, gained many new members .who are tak ing up the work with most commendable energy and determination. The Biological Reading Club has also absorbed a considerable part of student energy. Its' meetings are held every other "Wednesday evening for the Intellectual betterment of those Interested. The work consists of presenting abstracts from cur rent biological literature and "reading standard works Jn zoology. Professor Straub, who occupied the chair of Greek at U. O., was recently elected president of his class of '76 at Merceraburg College, Pennsylvania. EASTERN MULTNOMAH. Nctt Creamery Enterprise Mull Service Cliang-ed. GRESHAM, Or., Nov. 22.TV. W.. Cot ton Is making arrangements to operate a creamery on a large scale; and to that end has doubled the capacity of his stockyards and barn-room, 'and last Fall built another silo of 75 tons' capacity. He was milking 22 cows up to a month ago, when he made an addition to an already large bam. Increasing Its length to 150 feet. It was fitted up for more CPWS. and then the herd was doubled. For a long time his milk was sold to tho Gresham cheese factory, but he Is of the opinion that there is more In but ter than In selling the milk, and will push its manufacture on an Increasing scale- His creamery Is being arranged with all the modern butter-making ma chinery, and Is in charge of an experi enced man, who is turning out a superior quality of "full creamery." E. G. Bickert, who Is carrying the mail Mail Service Changed. between Terry and Hurlburt, has received permission from the Postofflce Depart ment to change the days of his triweekly trips, so that he now carries the mall Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays In stead of the alternate days, as hereto fore. He began on the new schedule last Monday, and says that the change gives much satisfaction. The reason for the change was to get the mail to Hurlburt Fridays, so that the school children could take the weekly papers home with them, and thus save a trip to the pOst offlce Saturdays. The principal paper taken among the people about Hurlburt Is The Weekly Oregonlan, and It was to secure it as soon as possible that the change was suggested, and It waa se cured by united action of the people. Sa-vnntll Prosperity. Helney Bros., who are operating a largo sawmill near here, have Just secured a quarter section of excellent timber. which, added to what they already had, will keep the mill running steadily for over three years. The mill was lately moved to Its present location and a large artificial lake made to hold logs. . Since starting up anew it has had remarkibly good luck in securing orders for lumber, WOMAN WHO FRETS as well as all the railroad ties It can cut. One order Just Tecelved calls for 60.C00 feet of dressed, seasoned lumber, and this has Induced the owners t " build two new dryhouses and put In a new planer. One of the dryhouses will be 180x35 leet. and the other 90x50 feet Brief Notes. Major H. W. Love, of Fairvlew, has sold two carloads of potatoe for 60 cents per 100 pounds. One car is being loaded this week, after which the other will follow suit. Burton Kronlnberg, who has been In charge of the Odd Fellows' property at Fairvlew for several years, is preparing to locate on his own farm near Bockwood. He Is putting up a substantial residence, which will be completed In a few weeks. Miss Jennie Owens, daughter of Thomas D. Owens, died. at her home In Gresham yesterday of Brighfs diseases. She was 13 years of age. The funeral will take, place tomorrow at Gresham cemetery. S(x girl (schoolmates will serve as pall bearers. Gresham will have a bakery In a few days, as one is being made ready to be gin operations before Thanksgiving. Heretofore the dally stage brought a large consignment from Portland every day, and the enterprise will undoubtedly be a paying one. The problem of cheap meat has been solved at Gresham. A rival meat market has Just opened for business, and porter house is selling for 10 cents per pound, with other meats in proportion. The two shops are doing a. rushing business, as It Is cheaper to live .than die Just now. Fall plowing had Just begun, in real earnest when the blizzard came, but it will be resumed with the advent of mod erate weather. The grain crop was bo poor last Summer that less will be sown for next season than usual. However, there will be a larger acreage of pota toes. . DAILY CITY STATISTICS. Heal Eatate Trannfer. J. C. Moreland' and wife to W. J. . Zimmerman, lots 9 and 10, block 5, Dennis' Addition. November K J1600 A- B. Manley and wife to Petr N. Vibbert, lot 9, block 19, Lincoln Park Annex, November 24 125 A. B. Munn and husband to I. B. Kauffman, 5 acres,beginnlng feet north SW. of NW. U, section 2S, T. 1 N., R. E., November 24 l Henry Spears to Eugene J. Farrell, lots S and JO, block 18, Central Al bino, November 18 , GOO WiUIamTSmlth and wife to J. V. Tam iesle, lot 2, block 2, subdivision lot 2, Riverside Homestead, November 24 l Julia Regner to Preston Bros., tract adjoining James Powell D. L. C, on Powell's Valley road, November 6.. 50 F. a Norrts and wife to Louis P. Vial, tract "beginning at southwest corner of lot IS, block 2, King's Second Ad dition: one-fourth acre more or less, June 1, 1S99 4 4000 Augusta B. Leader and -husband to Bridal "Veil Lumbering Company, E. & of SW. and lots 6 and 7. of section , T. 1' R, JR. S ,. 157.TO acres, more- or less 1500 Henry J. Fisher and wife to Ney Churchman, lot 2, block 18, King's Second Addition, November 24...... 4000 Tetta Cohn et aL, to Eva Harris, east half lot 5, block 321, Portland, Sep tember 14 1 Marriage Licenses. Harriett Houghton, aged 20, W. R, Forrin. aged 2S; Madeline Brown, 40, Fred Bastlne, 45. DAILY METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. PORTLAND, Not. 34. 8 P. M. Maximum temperature, 40; minimum temperature, S3; river teffOIng at 11 A. 1L, 4.1 test; change la the put 24 hears, 0.1 toot; total precipitation. 5 P. M. to 5 K M., 0.C0 Inch; total precipita tion since Sept. 1, 1900. &SS inches; normal precipitation since Sept. 1. 1800, 10.2) inches; deficiency. 1.71 inches; total sunshine Nor. 23, 1:33; possible sunshine Nov. 23, 9:00. Pacific Coant "Weather. Wind. STATIONS. Astoria Baker City , Bismarck Boise ............ Eureka Helena Kamloops, B. C. Ncah Bay , Pocatello ........ Portland .- Red Bluff ...... Roseburg- , Sacramento Salt Lake San Francisco ,. Spokane ......... Seattle Walla Walla .... 1.14 8 SE 8 SB mv Clocdy 0.00 0.00 CUx:cy Cloudy Cloudy Rr.Inlng Pt. cloudj Cloudy- 30 0.00 54 0.12 14lSE 114 BW 40 0.00 33 0.001 SE 04 0.02 1C SW ION Raining Clccdy Ralcins Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy C.oudy Clcudy RAlnlng Raining Cloudy 20 0.00 48 0.30 SSE NW S3E N 'E flNW 02 0.00 54 5810.00 420.001 5810.00 44 10 SE 4810.46 SE 5C0. 00119 ! Light. Trace. WEATHER CONDITIONS. The barometer has fallen in the North Pacifio States, and a disturbance 1 rapidly moving in land from the Northwest Washington Coast. The pressure is greatest over Southern Idaho. Moderately heavy to heavy rains have fallen In Western Oregon and Western Washington, and the indications are that the rains will overspread the eastern pcrtions of these states Sunday. Storm south warnings ore displayed at Astoria and at seaports along the Straits ot Juan de Fuca. WEATHER FORECASTS. Forecasts made at Portland for the 23 hours ending at midnight SunJa;, November 25 1 Portland and vicinity Occasional rain; brisk southerly winds. Oregon Occasional rain; wanner in east por tion; brisk southerly wind's. Washington OccatJcnal rain; warmer la northeast portion; brisk southerly winds. Idaho Occasional rain In north and west rcrtlohs; probably fair In southeast portion; warmer; variable winds, mostly southerly. SDWARD A BEALS. Forecast Official. AMUSEMENTS. FREDERICKSBURG SEVENTH AND ALDER STS. ALL NEW PEOPLE. ALL NEW PEOPLE. ALL NEW PEOPLE. THE HOUSEIXES, Aerial Act. HOJETTO & LA JESS, Acrobats, Gymnasts, Contortionists. FOUR PRINCES, Comedians, MARIE D. WOOD, California Nlgntlngale. ADMISSION FREE. MEETING NOTICES. Caledonia and Foresters' Halls, 8. E. cor. Tamhlll and Second su.. suitable for lodges and unions. Several vacant nights. Inquire janitor, or room 4, 245 Morrison et. WOODMEN OF THE WORLD All members of Portland Camp, No. 107, are requested to meet at Flnley, Kimball & Co.'s Undertaking Parlor3, Tblrd and Jefferson streets, at 1 P. M. this (Sunday) afternoon, to attend the funeral of our late neighbor, B. R. Sanders. Inter ment at Grand Army Cemetery. All members of the' order are cordially Invited to attend. E. O. Van Demar, Consul; Herman Schade, Clerk. HALL OF INDUSTRY LODGE, NO. 8, A. O. U. W. Members please take ndtlce that offi cers for the ensuing term will be nominated at tomorrow (Monday) evening's meeting. There will be work In both degrees. A large class of initiates will be taken Into the lodge. It Is urged that every member attend. Mem bers of sister lodges invited to be present. L. A. WHITCOMB, Master Workman. Attest: JOHN W. PADDOCK, Recorder, UNITED WORKMEN BENEFIT DEGREE LODGE, NO. 1. Members take notice election of officers will take place Saturday, December 1, 1000. All are requested to attend and par ticipate. By order of lodge. D. ALLISON, Recorder. DIED. FORESTEL At his old home. In Washington County, James Forcstcl. aged 0T years, born In County Tipperary, Ireland. Funeral will be held from St. Anthony's Cathedral Church, Cedar Mills, at 0 o'clock Monday morning, Nov. 26. Interment Mount Cal vary. SIEFER In this city, Nov. 22. 1000, Mrs. Charlotte Slefer, aged 73 years, 11 months, 23 days. Funeral will take place today at 2 P. M. from the residence ot her daughter, Mrs. Wlckllne, 993 East Tamhlll. Friends Invited. EGGER IN this city, November 23, 1000, Fred Egger, aged 14 years. Funeral Monday, No vember 20, from German Methodist Church. Rodney avenue and Stoddard street, at 1:30 P. M. Friends Invited. BRAZEE In this city November 23. 1000. from diphtheria. Esma L. Erazee, aged 8 years and 1 month, daughter of Captain A. L. and Mrs. Braiee. FUNERAL NOTICE. ORAVELLE Alexander Oravelle. the beloved son of Joseph and Julia Gravelle, of 440 Irv ing st., city, died at St. Vincent's Hospital Friday, Nov. 23, at 2.30 A. M.; born at Bralnard, Minn., March IT, 1873. He waa the only son of tho family ot 11 children, and a member of tho A. O. U. W. In good standing. Funeral services at St. Mary's Cathedral Monday. 0 A, M. Burial at Mount Calvary cemetery. Friends invited to. both services. SANDERS The funeral services of Ellas R. Sanders, who died In this city November 19, 1900, will be held today at 1 P. M., at Fln ley, Kimball & Co s chapel, corner Third and Jefferson sts. Frlenas invited. Interment at Greenwood cemetery. EDWARD HOLMAN, Undertaker,4th and Tnmlilll sts. Rena Stinson, lady assistant, lsoth. phones No. 607. Flnley, Kimball fc Co., Undertakers. Lady assistant. 273 Third st. Tel. O. F. S. Dnnningr, Undertaker, 4X4 Eaat Alder. Lady assistant. Both phones. NEW TODAY. GREAT DESK SALE. Solid golden oak lady's desk, polish finish, a beauty, for S5.50. I. GEVURTZ, The Homefurnlsher, 173-175 First. Solder and Babbitt Metal. W. W. BLANET. MANUFACTURER. 100 North 10th st. cor. Flanders, is prepared to furnish all grades Babbltt metal, fine and wiping solder, in any quantity desired at low est prices, quality considered. Telephone Hood 745. Will call with samples on request. LOTS $500 EACH Just think of It! A fine lot for ?500. All city improvements and only 20 minutes' walk -to business center. This is -what we offer in Tilton's Ad dition, and we will loan yon the monkey to bnlld a honoe at G per cent, loner "time, easy payments. TITLE GUARANTEE & TRUST CO., 7 Chamber of Commerce. HAINES TEA STORE, Fifth street, opposite P. O. THANKSGIVING SPECIALS Thin-blown tumblers, per doses 45c Common-tumblers, per dosen... .......... ..30c Cake stands, with stem 25c Fruit bowls, from 10c to 40c Dinner sets. CO nieces $3.75 See our 10c window this week. We rent dishes to responsible parties at low rates. All kinds ot pure spices, fresn ground. Try our Mistletoe tea, 50c lb., and don't fall to tet & chance on that beautiful doll in our window by buying 25c worth of goods of us. SALE OF SUNNYSIDE LOTS Sarins the past week we ha-ve sold several lota iaSuBBytide to parties who will build. A few choice lots still left. Bay now! Easy walking distance to banlness center. Ball Rob water and all up-to-date city improvement. TITLE GUARANTEE & TRUST CO., Ch&mbcr of Commerce. NEW TODAY. . SPECIAL AUCTION SALE (Tomorrow) Monday, 10 A. M.J at Gilman's Salesrooms,- 41 Washington street. r We- will sell by public auction, for whom i may concern, 60 pieces Tal lors' Cloth, In lengths suitable, for suits, pants patterns, and, also for ladies' suits and skirts. Men's dress shirts. Ladies' union suits. Man's jerseys, collars and cuffs, combs brushes, sweaters, smoking jackets, cassimere pants, unlaundered shirts, waiters' jackets, suspenders, neck ties, negligee shirts, ladies' water proofs, lining, clocks, ladles' belts, etc, etc. Be sure an'd attend this sale Monday, 10 A. 3L, at Gilman's. In lots to suit buyers. S. L. X. GILMAN, Auctioneer. AUCTION SALE. Of Household Furniture at Gil man's Auction Salesrooms, 4'1 Washington street, on Tuesday Next, Nov. 27, at 10 A. M. (Also a fine Diamond Ring.) At which time will he sold by posi tive auction sale, handsome parlor pieces of various designs, pretty center tables and rockers, bedroom suits complete. Fine chiffoniers In. oak, with mirrors, palms, extension tables, dlnlns: chairs, handsome sideboard in oak, couch, heating stoves, bed quilts, blankets, iron, and brass bedsteads -with springs, and top mattresses, kitchen treas ures, good carpets, rugs, tablo cloths, cooking stoves and lot of housekeeping articles, hale of bed comforters. The 1 1-4-karat dia mond ring will be sold at 10 A. M. Buyers will find this a good oppor tunity to purchase, At Gilman's 10 A. M., Tuesday. 411 Washington street. 5. L. N. GILMAK,, Auctioneer. SPECIAL AUCTION SALE Of the Furniture and Fittings of Residence. We are Instructed to sell by public ' auction, at the residence, No. 375 Stark street, corner West Park, on "Wednesday, November 28, at 10 A. 91., all the fine- furniture, brlc-a-. brae, etc., including valuable steel engraving-, "The 3IIdntght Chal lenge," fine painting of Three Sis ters, Cape Horn, Rooster Rock, etc., valuable Cloisonne and Satsuma vases, Royal Worcester pitcher, vases, rose jar, handsome plate glass mirror, cuokoo clock, two ca nary birds (very fine singers), orna ments, parlor lamps, Brussels car pets, mats, 100 books (miscella neous), portiere, two solid oak book cases, oak china closet, silverware, cups and saucers, odd lots of bric-a-brac, bronze clock, ingrain squares, matting, oak and patent rockers, complete bedrom suits, curled hair and other mattresses, white wool blankets, feather pillows, sheets, wardrobe, hand-carved cabinet, crockery, glassware, good line ot granite -ware, hose, leaf table, chairs, almost new blue flame oil stove, ladders, No. 8 coolc , stove, bracket lamps, other lots of house hold effects. "We invite 'the atten tion of buyers to this sale, on WEDNESDAY next, the SSth, at 10 A. SI. S. L. If. GILMAN, Auctioneer. AUCTION SALE Of Household Furniture, at Gil man's Salesrooms, 4H Wash ington street, on Friday Next, At which time will be sold a full line ot household furniture, including- parlor, dlninir-room and kltohen furniture, Including- twice folding, mantel beds, extension tables, bed ding and the furniture and fittings of residence. Sale Friday at Gil man's, No. 411 "Washington street, lO A. M. S. L. N. GILMAN, Auctioneer. AUCTION SALE Wilson's Rooms, 182 First Street, Wednesday Next, Nov. 28, at 10 A. M. Rich and medium household furnU tare, carpets, rugs and linoleum, parlor, chamber and dining-room furniture, odd dressers, folding beds, hair- and combination mat tresses, velour and leather couches; dining-room and kitchen chairs, toi let Hctm, hanging: and parlor lamps,, extension and kitchen tables and a useful lot of kitchen requisites. Also a fine driving- nnd riding- pony and a Central American parrot and cage, two cocker spaniel puppies. J. T. WILSON, Auctioneer, Dry Goods and Crockery Sale, Wilson's Rooms, 182 First St., Friday Next, Nov. 30, at 10 A. M. I will sell a consignment of dry goods, plated ware, china ware, gloss ware, wooden ware, tin ware, books, toilet soap, cooking utensils, etc. J. T. WILSON, Auctioneer. jjdiiiaie vi0.tDarvr;& v.o; ON TUESDAY NEXT, NOV. 27. At Central Auction Rooms, Cor. ner Alder and Park Sts. We shall sell the almost-new furnishings of private residence, removed to our salesrooms for convenience of sale, comprising. Very Sno Turkish couches, box divans, made expressly to order: fancy rockers, oak eenter tables; costly over-stuffed settee. In silk tapestry; bed lounge; large secretary, in satin blroh, with French plate mirror, hanging lamps, pictures; lace curtains , best quality body Brussels car pets; larre Smyrna rugs; oak sideboard, with French plate mirror, extension table: dining chairs; WAItDROBS FOLDING BED. with large mirror, odd dressers. Iron and brass bed steads; bedroom sets; springs and mattresses; feather pillows; bedding, stoves, household treasure, leaf tables, and other effeeta. Sale at 10 A M. GBO. BAKER & CO.. Auctioneers. On account of Thursday next being Thanks giving day, wo shall not hold our regular weekly sale. GEO. BAKER & CO., Auctioneers. Wellington and Comox Coal- Cargo just received. Pacific Coast Co., 24 .Washington st, TeL 229.