THE SUNDAY OEEGONIAN, PORTLAND. NOVEMBER 18, 1900.
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TODAY'S WEATHER. Occasional rain; con
tinued cool; brisk southwesterly winds.
PORTLAXD, Sl"DAY, NOVEMBER 18.
Historical research has so fully ex
amined and rejected the traditions of
ancient migration to America that
scholarship will only be able to receive
the interesting? story from Sonora with
Incredulity. One of the most impres
sive spectacles in human annals la that
of the New "World, working out its des
tiny remote from and unconnected with
the broader stream of humanity in the
greater hemisphere. Older geologically,
the Njw World lagged behind the Old
In development When the Spaniards
came here American civilization as rep
resented in the peoples of Mexico, Yu
catan and Peru had reached a stags
equivalent to that reached in Mesopot
amia in the time of Abraham and on
the shores of the Mediterranean Sea in
the time of Agamemnon. The New
"World, except for the Eskimo, was peo
pled with one race, and the struggle
for life among plants and animals
never attained the severity and the
consequent rapid upward development
that the Old World enjoyed. The theo
ries that the Indians were originally
Kamtchatkans, Chinamen or remnants
of the lost ten tribes of Israel have
teen one by one set aside. In the face of
evidence that all the Inhabitants of
America, from Hudson's Bay to Cape
Horn, belong to one race, and to a race
different from Asiatics and Europeans.
Man was living here 16J.00D to 300000
years ago, and If he had prior to that
t'me drifted from Asia or elsewhere,
before the continents had assumed
their present form, the fact would have
no possible bearing on this story that
temples in Sonora are believed to have
been built by Chinese "discoverers"
1500 years ago.
Primitive man's devices of war, hor
ticulture or worship so remarkably re
semble each other in isolated fields of
development that discoverers are in
variably inclined to regard them ns
borrowed from some other people. The
theory that stone tablets found in Mex
ico are the work of Chinese, because
they were "partly deciphered by a
learned Chinaman," Is the exact paral
lel of fancied resemblance between Yu
catan and Egyptian inscriptions and
real correspondence between customs of
Old "World and New World barbarism.
"Whether In Asia, Africa or America,
man has moved upward from savagery
upon the same lines. His stone age is
substantially the same everywhere, his
tribal development, his religious sacri
fices, his beginnings of astronomy and
arithmetic. Fifteen centuries ago the
Chinese were, as they are today, not
discoverers, but home bodies. In the
time of Virgil, Western civilization was
clad in their silks, but no European
Jiad ever seen them away from their
native haunts. It is doubtful whether
the stories of ancient skirtings of the
African coast are founded on fact, and
Jt is certain that if they are, the means
of mwlgation 1500 years ago were
hardly adequate to those Journeys with
land constantly within reach, to say
nothing of their being equal to voyages
across the Pacific The Chinese colo
nies of Mexico will probably share the
fate of the fanciful narratives of Pres
cott, the bulk of whose American ro
mances have long been consigned to
the department of imaginative legend.
The Inconsistency of Missouri in giv
ing 40, w0 majority for National policies
that will hamper alt business and Na
tional development and set the seal of
dlsappro al on National expansion, the
while it projects and invites the world
to its Louisiana Purchase celebration,
has been referred to in these columns
with such plain speaking that numerous
Bryan organs hereabout Is have taken
rreat offense. They profess to think
that Bryan men are Just about as good
as McKlnley men, and entitled to equal
respect for their opinions; and they
abhor that a xotc for Bryan should be
Interpreted as other than an effort In
the direction of wisdom and patriotism
as the Bryan voter understands it.
Therefore, they argue, it is wrong to
say that as Missouri is for the silver
basis its exposition should be put off
with plugged dollars; as it is against
expansion, the exposition should put on
sackcloth and ashes for the occupation
of Missouri without "oonsent of the
governed", as it is opposed to "gov
ernment by injunction." that is, to sup
pression of riotous mobs, it ought to
have riot to its heart's content. In all
this the Bryan organs see "intolerance"
anl "dictation."
ho be it. Intolerant toward free sil
ver and free riot and Aguinaldlsm we
entrrat to be regarded; but a word
parenthetically, as to the Missouri and
the Southern cotton men's inconsist
ency. Tammany chieftains doubtless
bad th right to buy. lee-trust stock;
It was only when they joined in denun
ciation of trusts that their political
honesty became a byword and a re
proach. Doubtless South Carolina has
the right to protect itself against negro
domination; but when it invoked high
heaven on behalf of the disfranchised
Porto RIcan and Filipino, it forfeited
all standing in the court of candid opin
ion. Doubtless Missouri is within the
law and the gospel when it projected
Its Louisiana Purchase Exposition; but
when it declares for panic in the form
of free silver and riot in the form of no
protection for property against strikers,
and brands expansion as "criminal ag
gression," it puts itself where its trans
parent inconsistency can only appeal to
the sense of humor, or the indignation
of the fair-minded. The South has
done everything it could to prevent Sec
retary Hay from securing "the open
door" in China, and now its cotton man
ufacturers appeal to him to continue
his efforts in their behalf. This is
what The Oregonlan objects to In these
several cases, and it has seen no perti
nent defense of the absurdity.
But to return to Intolerance and dic
tation. We are asked to give the man
credit for honesty and sincerity who
denounces the gold standard and advo
cates the silver basis. We shall do
nothing of the kind. We are asked to
jjive a man credit for patriotism who
espouses the cause of armed enemies
of the United States, who are even now
engaged in firing on its flag and tor
turing its soldiers. And we shall do
nothing of this kind. Is a man entitled
to respect, for his opinion? Well, that
depends on what his opinion is. He
may profess an opinion so clearly and
diametrically opposed to all experience
and to the actual facts standing plainly
before all eyes, that he forfeits the re
spect of all thinking men. He may ad
vocate policies so disastrous to all In
dustry and business that society will
make common cause against him as an
enemy of Its welfare. He may indulge
sympathy and aid for the armed foes
of his country to such an extent that he
becomes an object of execration to all
the patriotic. There is no justification
In reason for free coinage. There is no
juslflcation In civic virtue for an Amer
ican's opposition to his country's cause.
But we are told that this Involves
the doctrine that "every citizen must
shape his politics to conform with the
policy of the party In power or be de
nied any of the benefits of citizenship."
Not at all. We always have differences
of opinion as to the policies of the party
in power. McKinley's policies are
nearly all subject to grave criticism,
and properly so. But there are certain
fundamental thiqgs that we must not
oppose. If the Democrats were In
favor of an honest dollar, but had
different proposals from the Republi
cans in maintaining it, we could con
sider their plans with equanimity. But
their demand for a dishonest dollar
strikes at all business and Industry. If
they were for the ascendency of the
flag, but offered a different way of ad
vancing it, that would be endurable.
But when they asperse the Army and
hope for Its defeat, they forfeit patience
and respect. No one can accuse The
Oregonlan of slavish adherence to the
Republican party, or of intolerance to
Democratic opinion on historic policies
of the Nation. But It will not condone
dishonest money or disloyalty to the
flag, whether advocated by Republi
cans, Democrats, Populists or Prohibi
tionists. It will accord to free sllverites
and Agulnaldlsts the same respect for
private opinion it accorded in 1860-5 to
the Northern men who thought the
Union should be broken up and slavery
perpetuated.
THE COLORADO BARBECUE.
Colorado is consistent; her people
mobbed Roosevelt, voted . for Bryan,
and now a Colorado mob, with the tacit
approval of a Populist Governor and
Sheriff, has burned a negro murderer
to death at the stake. The ordinary
Sheriff appears to be a sheep or a
scoundrel, a coward or a complaisant
knave, in collusion with the lynchers
when they arrive. No man Is obliged
to be Sheriff, but when he accepts the
office he accepts It with all the dangers
that its grave responsibility implies,
and no Sheriff who is a man of honor
will suffer any mob to murder his pris
oner, however guilty and friendless his
prisoner may appear. The Colorado
Sheriff had ample warning that the
mob Intended to murder his prisoner,
but he took no Bteps to protect his
charge. He made no appeal to the Gov
ernor. He Intended to play into the
hands of the mob.
It is true that capital punishment is
legally prohibited in Colorado, but so
It is in Maine. In Maine a few days
ago a man was found guilty of the
murder of three persons in one family,
one of them a woman, and was sen
tenced to prison for life. No mob Inter
fered with the trial or the execution of
the sentence. The people of Maine are
quite as brave and high-spirited as the
people of Colorado, but they respect
their laws, and when they disapprove
them they appeal to the Legislature to
ohange them. They do not allow the
mob to murder a prisoner Jn the hands
of the officers of the law. But it was
not the fact that under the laws of Col
orado the negro murderer could not
suffer capital punishment which
prompted the mob to interfere. It
would have Interfered Just as promptly
if the murderer had been liable to capi
tal punishment. It was because the
mob desired to burn the negro to death.
Cruel and unusual punishment is pro
hibited by the Constitution of the
United States and by the organic fun
damental law of every state in the
Union, lnoluding Colorado. The dread
ful thing about all this awful business
Is not merely the torture of the negro
miscreant who was so horribly done to
death, but the terrible stupidity which
prompts such frightful acts of venge
ance. The provocation to popular rage
was great, but as an object-lesson
of vengeance, an exceptionally cruel
punishment, this Colorado horror Is ab
solutely worthless as a deterrent Influ
ence, while as a demoralizing lesson in
sickening, insane barbarity it will bear
bitter fruit. The wisdom of Christen
dom has not in every free country for
bidden the infliction of legal torture for
crime simply because It was deeply
concerned about the mere individual
sufferings of the condemned, but the
Christian wisdom that rules free civili
zation has learned by experience that
excessive legal severity defeats Its pur
pose and demoralizes Its public Our
statutes are not framed In accordance
with the Mongolian theory of punish
ment by slow torture before death, be
cause the public spectacle of legal or
Illegal torture hardens the heart and
brutalizes the spirit p the people.
Crimes of violence and unusual atrocity
multiply where the legal or illegal code
of vengeance is colored by the mad
ness of merciless, unusual barbarity.
Under the Chinese code, legal torture
is Inflicted, but legal torture in the
sense of cruel or unusual punishment
for crime ended in England when
Cromwell succeeded Charles I; legal
torture ended In France with the
French Revolution of 1789-94; legal tor
ture does not exist today in Europe
outside of Russia.
Suppose a brutal soldier of the army
of the allies had ravished and mur
dered a Chinese woman on the march
to Pekin, and had been captured by
the Boxers and slowly sliced to death
under the Chinese code; what an outcry
there would have been over Chinese
barbarity! The mob is not the people,
and if the leaders of a mob can put one
maa to death for one reason, they can
put another man to death for another
reason, or rob a third. If free govern
ment is not a failure, then lynch law
Is not necessary or excusable, and it
cannot be resorted to as necessary
without conceding the unfitness of the
people for free government.
GREAT IJTDUSTR.Y THE PRICE OF
SUPREME EXCELLENCE.
A bill will be introduced at the next
meeting of the New Hampshire Legis
lature for the purchase by the state of
the birthplace of Daniel Webster, at
Franklin. Interest imthe boyhood and
early manhood has been revived by
Professor John B. McMaster, in the cur
rent number of the Century Magazine.
In college, Webster disliked and
shunned Greek and mathematics, read
widely in English literature and his
tory, and while in no sense a student or
a scholar, became the best-informed
man In college. He was distinguished,
however. In college, as was Wendell
Phlljips, for his eloquence. At 18 he de
livered the Fourth of July oration at
Hanover. His early style, like the first
public speeches of Lincoln, was disfig
ured by a tendency to bombast, but
within the first ten years of his legal
practice he had reformed his style alto
gether and replaced It by one unsur
passed in modern oratory for simplic
ity and earnestness. He was not nat
urally fond of the legal profession,
which he described as a calling where
"my feelings will be constantly har
rowed by objects of dlsnonesty or mis
fortune, and my moral principle con
stantly at hazard." His natural prefer
ence was for a life where he could fish
and shoot, contemplate nature, read the
masterpieces of English literature, study
history and government, or deliver an
oration on some historic day. So strong
was his preference for such a life that
nothing but the earnest remonstrance
of his legal preceptor, Christopher Gore,
of Boston, persuaded him to refuse the
appointment of Clerk of the Court of
Common Pleas of his native county in
New Hampshire.
It Is a curious fact that while he was
always In demand as an orator for his
toric occasions, Webster had passed his
30th year without holding any political
office. The peroration of the address
he delivered at Fryeburg, Me., in 1802.
is found in the last notable speech of
his life, delivered in the United States
Senate in July, 1850. The power and
patriotic spirit of a speech made at
Brentwood, N. H., in 1812 obtained him
the nomination and election' to Con
gress, Professor McMaster .fairly calls
the career of Webster up to this time
thirty years of preparation. The twelve
years between 1800 and 1812 stand for
the hardest work of Webster's life. In
this time he had earned a high reputa
tion as a lawyer, but It was his com
manding genius as an orator and his
fervent patriotism that secured his first
election to Congress. During these
twelve years he utterly reformed his
style, replaced a rough and overbearing
manner with stately and dignified cour
tesy, and In power of thought, felicity
and force of expression was as well
equipped a man the day he entered
Congress, without any previous legis
lative experience, as any man be found
In that body, although It Included both
Clay and Calhoun. Webster never had
to outdo the enormous industry and ap
plication of his first ten years of pro
fessional life. It is doubtful if he ever
had to equal It in downright drudgery
of unbroken mental labor. The fact
that he did enormous work with com
parative ease in his subsequent career
earned him a reputation for natural In
dolence that he did not deserve.
With all his genius, Webster Is no ex
ception to the rule that great and noble
things are difficult; that Indomitable In
dustry and severe toll are the price of
supreme excellence in all great men,
with the exception of great poets, who
rule in the ethereal empire of the Imag
ination rather than in that of cold rea
son and understanding. Webster, by
his unflagging youthful Industry, paid
the price of ultimate supreme excel
lence, even as did Napoleon, Macaulay
and Lincoln. The novelist Dickens, a
very hard worker, Insisted that the only
genius he possessed was a superior ca
pacity for taking an infinite deal of
pains with his work. The literary and
historical accumulations he had ob
tained and the severe self-discipline
enforced by Webster during the first
twelve years of his professional life ex
plain much of the astonishing ability
he exhibited during his first term in
Congress. The fact that his mature
Judgment in 1850 so approved of the
style and thought of his oration of 1802
shows the maturity and power of his
mind at 21, compared with its exuber
ance at 18. Webster in personal con
versation always repelled the sugges
tion that his great achievements were
due to the Inspiration of his gen
ius rather than to serious reflection and
hard work. He conceded that flashes
of Imagination that set the table In a
roar may come in this way, but de
clared that no matter how spontaneous
great utterances may be made by ora
torical art to appear, they always stand
for many hours of hard labor and pa
tient thought. In his youth and early
manhood Webster
Hired wisdom with each studious year.
In meditation dwelt, with learning wrought.
And shaped his weapon with an edge severe.
This Is the true explanation of Web
ster's ability at $0 years of age to step
into Congress without previous experi
ence and at once take his place at the
head of the table as an orator of sur
passing power and grandeur. As an
orator, Webster was a man of genius of
the first order of eminence; but as a
statesman and great leader of men he
was not the peer of Henry Clay. Web
ster was a far greater man, measured
by pure Intellectual strength, than
Clay, but Clay was a far more ivld
and charming personality In life and a
far tenderer and more lasting persona
memory after death, than Webster; for
Clay was" always a man of deep sensi
bility, and sympathetic quality among
men, while Webster dwelt apart. Web
ster lives and will always live In the
literature of his country; but Clay,
whose literary remains are of compara
tively small permanent value, still lives
in the hearts of his countrymen as a
man who, if not a great thinker or a
great jurist, was a great leader of his
fellow-men from youth to old age. It
Is true that Calhoun's brains shotted
the Confederate cannon, while Web
ster's clarion voice was heard in the
inspiring shout of the mighty armies
that rose like magic when Lincoln stood
in the Capitol and sounded a blast upon
his war bugle whose every note was
worth ten thousand men. Webster's
logic of 1830-32 was In 1861 the unan
swered and unanswerable argument of
the fight we fought for- the flag, and
because of this, and chiefly because of
this,
His name a nation's heart shall keep
Till morning's latest sunlight fades
On the blue tablet of the deep.
The difficulty of dealing with a relig
ious or semi-religious proposition
through the judiciary confronts the
public whenever and wherever an at
tempt is made to bring religious char
latanry to book. The result of the trial
at Oregon City of one A. Hertzka, un
der whose alleged "treatments" the
death of a woman at Gladstone oc
curred some months ago, the said
Hertzka being m a Christian Science
"healer," Is in line with experience in
such matters. The jury was unable to
agree, being manifestly undecided as to
where the religious privileges of the de
fendant ceased and the legal rights of
his accusers began. Christian Scien
tists, it is said, have their blood up
though they themselves deny that they
have blood and intend to fight this
case to the finish, hoping thereby to
establish their legal standing as heal
ers and their methods of treating the
sick as in accord with the "science of
being." Unless a case Is very flagrant,
resulting unmistakably in the death,
through neglect, of the patient, It Is
manifestly almost impossible to do any
thing with these people as regards their
rellglo-physlcal practices. In this in
stance, as shown by the testimony, the
patient was hopelessly ill of Brlght's
disease, and It Is not at all likely that
the harmless Incantations of the
"healer" hastened the end (unless, in
deed, they were accompanied by long
readings from "The Book," as Mrs.
Eddy's screed is known to the faithful,
In which case heart failure may have
been prematurely superinduced through
exhaustion), or that medical attendance
could have greatly delayed it. The
prosecution therefore manifestly had a
weak case. Had the patient been ill of
a malady that ordinarily yields to en
lightened treatment, medical or surgi
cal, and had she died without any at
tempt of a material nature involving
skill and medicine, having been made
for her relief, it is barely possible that
a carefully chosen jury might have
found the . alleged "healer" guilty,
though even this may be considered
doubtful) so loth Is the average Ameri
can citizen to Interfere with the relig
ious beliefs and practices of any sect.
The only results In this instance pres
ent or prospective are a bill of expense
to the county, and a good deal of free
advertising for a doctrine that affects
scorn of all material things.
General Miles Is a strong advocate
of National irrigation, having become
converted to that idea, it 'is said,
through the observation of conditions
in the semi-arid regions of the great
plateau during his Indian campaigns.
He will present his views before the
irrigation congress that will convene in
Chicago Tuesday and Wednesday of
this woek. The friends of the propo
sition count upon him as a valuable
auxiliary to their contention, since he
has a straightforward manner of deal
ing with practical questions that ap
peals at once to the common sense and
self-interest of the people. Others who
will speak upon this occasion from the
general text, "Save the Forests and
Store the Floods," are Secretary Wil
son, of the Department of Agriculture,
and Senators Carter, of Montana; Fos
ter, of Washington, and Perkins, of
California. Government experts on for
estry and irrigation will present the
technical side of the proposition, while
some of Chicago's most prominent busi
ness men will take it up from a busi
ness standpoint. Altogether, the sub
ject will be exhaustively treated, and
the people, or that portion who live and
have faith in the vast area west of the
Missouri River, will doubtless follow
the discussion with interest.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
William A. Jones, tells the Government
in his annual report that "large money
payments to the Indians are demoral
izing In the extreme," adding: "They
degrade the Indians and corrupt the
whites, induce pauperism, scandal and
crime, and nullify all the good effects
of labor." The truth of this statement
cannot be doubted; the reasons that
support It are obvious. When It Is re
membered In this connection that there
stands to the credit of the Indian tribes
in the National Treasury $33,815,955, It
may readily be conceded that the ulti
mate disposal of these moneys Is a sub
ject for most serious Congressional con
sideration. In the death of Marcus Daly all polit
ical differences are forgotten, and Mon
tana mourns him as an enterprising,
worthy citizen whose energies will long
leave the Impress of their power upon
the industries and prosperity of , the
state. If W. A. Clark would now pass
on, Montana politics might cease to be
a synonym of boodle and corruption.
The" discovery would, moreover, be
made that -he, too, had been a power
ful factor in the development of the
natural resources of the state. This is
as it should be. He is a paltfoon indeed
who would pursue, or seek to pursue,
an enemy beyond the grave.
An irrigation canal about twenty
miles long, twenty-two feet wide at
the bottom, and carrying four feet of
water, has just been completed In Te
ton County, Montana, by which 100,000
acres will be added next year to the
cultivable area of that state. This is"
a manner of presenting the Irrigation
question which, inasmuch as it carries
solution with it, Is by no means to be
despised.
Bryan lost every state in which he
delivered campaign speeches except
Missouri. This statement represents
such a volume of wasted breath, such
a weary lot of tramping up and down,
so many sleepless nights and perspiring
days, that it should prove an object
lesson to Presidential candidates who
are possessed of the fatal "gift of gab'
for all time.
WAS VILURD A BENEFACTOR?
No general history of Oregon can be
complete without a recital of such rail
road development of the state as was di
rected by Henry Villard, who died Novem
ber 12.
Look back 20 years and take a view of
the conditions in the Columbia River
basin before the era of railroads, when
that vast empire, except a limited wheat
producing area around Walla. Walla, and
a few mining camps, was a cattle range.
Contrast this with the present, when that
region raises 35,000,000 bushels of wheat
annually, and is served by 2000 miles of
railroad to haul it to market promptly;
where the output of precious metals is
about $10,000,000 a year; where the cattle
Industry, driven further into the interior,
yields richer returns than it did late In
the '70s; where there are a score of pros
perous, well-governed, enterprising cities
that each year become more important
local trade centers; where the cultivation
of fruit adds largely to the community
wealth; where the population In two dec
ades has increased five-fold, and where
achievements of the past only foreshadow
what the future contains. Grant that
Villard's enterprise paved the way for
this great change, and then let it be
asked. Was he a benefactor of the Pa
cific Northwest, and particularly of Port
land? It will be admitted that his inslght'Mnto
the future of the Columbia River basin
waa keener than those who established
and controlled Its then limited transpor
tation facilities. At the time Villard
bought the" Oregon Steam Navigation
Company he saw and prepared for that
which Ladd, Alnsworth, Reed and Thomp
son had not seen and prepared for name
ly, the conversion of vast bunchgrass
ranges, into rich and fertile wheat fields,
and the consequent creation of traffic that
no line of steamboats, under old condi
tions, could have handled expeditiously.
His plan for a main line down the Co
lumbia River scarcely antedated wider
plans for branch rail lines ramifying
every arable section of Eastern Oregon
and Washington, and of Northern Idaho.
At this late day it is Idle to speculate
upon the unwisdom of the Oregon Steam-
Navigation owners in letting go of their
property. Viewed in the light of history,
It seems that they did not see, or, if they
saw, they neglected their great opportu
nity. The O. S. N. could have built Out
of Its profits, slowly, it Is true, etery
mile of road constituting tho present O.
R. & N. system. There would have been
no quanderlng of money, due to excessive
haste, that marked construction work un
der Villard. If they had so wished, the
Oregon men could have bonded the road
and drawn down the dividends.
It would be Immensely to the advan
tage of Oregon if ownership of the O. R.
& N. system were in Oregon. Local in
terests would be better served without af
fecting in tho least transcontinental in
terests. For that matter, the development
of the Columbia River basin was depend
ent only In slight degree on Eastern con
nection. Its principal market Is at tide
water on the Pacific Coast. Furthermore,
the local traffic alone Is large enough to
make the system profitable.
This Is Villard's service to the Pacific
Northwest: The building of railroads by
means of which farms and homes were
made for more than 250,000 people who are
living In prosperity; furnishing transpor
tation facilities for a region capable of
sustaining in comfort a population of
1,000,000; constructing the Pacific Coast
connection of two transcontinental rail
ways; extending the Oregon & California
from Roseburg to the top of the Siskiyou
Mountains, and connecting Southern Ore
gon by rail with the outside world.
Henry Villard looked Into the future
farther than most of the men with whom
he was associated. In some respects he
was so far in advance that they regarded
him as a visionary, impractical man.
This is what led to his first failure in
the Northern Pacific. He obtained large
sums of money from German capitalists
with which to complete the railroad. A
number of these capitalists were among
the guests who came out to witness the
driving of the last spike In 1883. Their
hearts failed them when they saw what
an enterprise they had been backing and
they hastened to unload and thereby
brought disaster upon Villard. It would
have been all right if they had con
tinued to tako Villard's representations of
the situation, but when they came to
see for themselves, to exercise their own
Judgment, they could not look far enough
Into the future. Their shortsightedness
was what brought the trouble.
The foreigners "who had been told of
the magnificent country through which
the Northern Pacific ran were scared half
to death when they came to see It The
Iron track stretched across a thousand
miles of what appeared to them to be a
wilderness incapable of development.
They had been accustomed to tho condi
tions of Europe. Their knowledge of the
United States was confined to the thickly
settled states bordering on the Atlantic
seaboard. When th'ey came to ride for
days through a region that scarcely bore
a trace of civilization, that seemed to
them to be half desert and to give no
promise of sustaining an active popula
tion, they could not believe that it would
ever justify so extensive a transportation
project. It la said that the celebration
at the driving of the last spike was
scarcely over before messages were sent
back Instructing agents to unload North
ern Pacific The market went to pieces,
Villard lost his fortune and control of tho
railroad property. Financial failure came
because the financiers and capitalists
could not see, could not believe in the
future that Villard saw clearly. Events
have justified his judgment. The wilder
ness has blossomed and Is pouring an
ever-Increasing bounty into the coffers of
the Northern Pacific, into the lap of the
world.
He mode mistakes and more than one
failure. But he was impatient, ambitious
and overconfident and he attempted too
much even for a man who felt that un
limited money would come to his service
at his bidding. He was an optimist and
he did not always show respect for
'arithnfetlc nor reason between cause and
effect. While he saw the probable fu
ture of his railroad enterprises, he was
not so clear-sighted with regard to col
lateral concerns. He attempted too much.
The "paternal" idea was too strong in
him, else he would not have undertaken
t6 'do things locally which cities should
do for themselves. He started the Port
land Hotel, which citizens of Portland
afterwards finished, and he began a dry
dock which Portland has not finished. He
founded steel works which were to make
the rails for his and other companies
and structural iron for the entire region
west of the Rockies. He had visions and
hopes of a roll line from ocean to ocean
and of steamships to the Orient, part of
which have been realized by men who fol
lowed him into practically the same field.
Ho had capacity for the largest things in
railroading but had no taste for the es
sentials of detail.
The world concedes that he who causes
two blades of grass to grow where one
grew before, is' a benefactor. Viewed
thus, Villard waa a benefactor of the Pa
cific Northwest and particularly of Port
land. ' zr j, levinson;
OREGON AND THE GR0DT BILL
It Is often asserted with a light, laugh
and a careless shrug of the shoulders that
we Americans, who are essentially a
cheerful-mannered people, rather like to
be humbugged when it is done with
adroitness and art. A clever swindle. If
no real tragedy follows in Its wake. Is
apt to provoke a ripple of amusement and
secret admiration. We leave it to the
Man who is Hurt to get angry. ""That is
his duty, not ours.
But on December 6 a question as to this
privilege of humbug comes up for
vote at Washington, before the
peoplo of the United States, In
which Oregon is clearly in the
position of the Man who is Hurt. Shall
we remain inert and submissive In the
face of a fraud that has unblushlngly
swindled our farmers out of the legiti
mate fruits of their toll, or shall we de
mand a policy of stout-hearted resistance
from our Senators and Representatives?
The Grout bill, which Imposes a tax of
10 cents a pound on colored oleomargar
ine, is a protest against the yellow mix
ture of tallow, lard and cottonseed oil
that Is being palmed off upon an unsus
pecting public as pure butter. To the
average housewife there is no way of
detecting the imposture, She asks her
grocer for butter, and is given tallow; yet
so daintily is it prepared, with such mar
velous craft Is it disguised to deceive
palate and eye alike, with such cunning
skill does its color accommodate Itself
to the change of seasons lighter In Sum
mer, darker In Winter so perfectly does
it imitate local peculiarities of butter
due to difference of feed or pasture In
tho various country districts, that it is
impossible for any one except the expert
to distinguish the spurious article from
the real.
But even If we grant that many per
sons may be found who are willing to
eat tallow in place of butter, the ques
tion arises as to whether It is right and
proper to force a great, legitimate in
dustry to the wall in support of a fraud;
to impoverish the dairymen of America
at the profits of tho powerful oleomar
garine trust, which, with millions In its
hands, Is working secretly, persistently,
night and day, to buy the votes of United
States Senators.
Oregon dairy Interests havo suffered
much because of this giant fraud that is
being perpetrated. Two years ago our
markets were so flooded with cheap oleo
margarlno that our own butier could
'not be Bold, except at a loss. Happily
now a rigid enforcement of our tate
pure-food law has driven oleomargarine
out of the home market. But, outside the
state, the old condition rules. Our ex
ported Oregon butter Is obliged to com
pete with oleomargarine manufactured at
the low cost of 6 cents a pound. No
less than S3,O0O,O0O pounds of oleomarga
rine wo3 made during the year 1899 in
the United States, and 90 per cent of It
was sold as butter.
As everyone knows, Oregon and
Washington are peculiarly rich in all
natural advantages that favor the growth
of a great dairy Industry. Probably no
other part of America offers so many
encouragements to the dairyman. This
Is a land of grasses In what other state
can such a plentiful supply of green feed
be guaranteed the whole year V round?
Our equablo climate meets the require
ments of butter and cheese-making. Our
dairy stock are unsurpassed by any state
of tho Union: and Oregon milk averages
the year round one pound of butter to
every 22 pounds of milk.
Whereas, two years ago, we were not
making enough butter even to supply the
home market, we will during the year
1900 ship out of the Willamette Valley
1,000,000 pounds, In addition to the amount
required for home consumption. This i3
tho direct result of the enforcement of
our state pure food law. It Is probably
no exaggeration to say that this butter
cannot be excelled In quality elsewhere
In tho world. Is It not worth while to
encourage the growth of this great Oregon
Industry by supporting tho Grout bill?
There is now less than three weeks left
before the question comes before the
House. By the end of this month the
men to whom tho people of Oregon have
Intrusted the grave responsibility of rep
resenting them before the Nation will be
speeding toward Washington. Which way
will they vote on this important issue?
Protection of the dairymen is import
ant to this section of the Pacific Coast,
and to all the states of the Middle West
The greater part of the opposition comes
from the South, which furnishes the cot
tonseed oil that is so essential an ingre
dient of oleomargarine. Bitter will bo
the fight. It is believed that the bill will
pass the House successfully, but the
Senate Is still in doubt.
The advocates of the Grout bill are
the farmers; and one of Its warmest sup
porters Is Secretary of Agriculture Wil
son, who says:
"There never was a time in our history
when the legislators were so much dis
posed In favor of legislation to protect
the farming interest. There has been a
grand awakening of the farmers to their
own interest. You may set me down as
heartily in favor of the passage of tho
Grout bill. The farmers have a right to
expect legislation sufficient to give them
protection against unfair competition by
fraudulent imitation of pure butter."
At present oleomargarine can be sold
at a lower price than pure butter, with
tho result that there is little or no profit
to the honest dairyman. But if the Grout
bill is passed, it will make the sole of
the colored oleomargarine so unprofitable
that it can no longer compete success
fully with pure butter. The result will
be that colored oleomargarine will give
place to the uncolored, which Is as white
as lard. The puzzled housewife will then
no longer be the dupe of the oleomarga
rine trust; for it will be an easy matter
to distinguish between the real and the
false. This is all the Grout bill alms to
do protect the dairyman by removing the
mask from oleomargarine. Uncle , Sam
should not tolerate a counterfeit roll of
butter any more than a counterfeit sil
ver dollar.
GERTRUDE METCALFE.
An Incident at Pelcln.
Harper's Weekly.
A curious incident noticed by few hap
pened. The Russian band had been play
ing full lung3 the "Marseillaise," the re
publican march of France, but a forbid
den air In the monarchic neighboring
country of Italy.
As the French were meagerly repre
sented, the Italians came Immediately be
hind them, just as the "Marseillaise" that
was In full swing was being played. The
Russian General discovered at once the
faux pas, and tried in vain to signal the
bandmaster to stop. They were going at
it their hardest when the General Ald-de-Camp
was dispatched across the line
to tho musicians. Just in time. In a
hurry-scurry fashion the republican
march ceased abruptly, and the "Inno
Rea!e" of Italy was struck, much to the
reassurance and relief of the Italians,
who seemed perplexed to march 'under an
air foreign and ungrateful to their ears. J
MASTERPIECES OF LlTERATURE-39.
.1 '
Songs of Ancient Israel.
A Sons of Trust. -
In tho Lord put I my trust
How say ye to my soul.
Flee as a bird to yeur mountain
For lo. the wicked bend the bow,
Thy make ready their arrow upon the
string.
That they may shoot in darkness at the
upright la heart.'
If the fouadattoRs be destroyed,
What can the richteous dor
The Lord Is In his holy temple.
The Lord, his throne Is in heaven;
Hie eyes behold, his eyelids try the children
of men.
The Lord trteth the righteous:
But the wicked and him that leveth vio
lence his soul hateth. .
TJpoa the wleked he shall rain snares; ' ,
Fire and brimstone and burning wind shall
he the portion of their cup. I
For the Lord is righteous;
He leveth righteousness:
The upright shalt behold his face.
The Consecrated Life.
Lord, who shall sojourn In thy tabernacle?
Who shall dwell la thy holy hlUT
He that walketh uprightly.
And worketh righteousness.
And speaketh truth in his hearts
He that slandereth not with his tongue,
Nor doeth evil to his friend.
Nor taketh up a reproach against his
neighbor.
In whose eyes a reprobate is despised;
But he hosoreth them that fear the Lord.
He that sweareth to his own hurt, and
ohange th, not.
He that putteth not out his money to usury,
Nor taketh reward against the laaeeent.
He that doeth these things shall sever be
moved.
Under the Protection of Jehovah.
The Lord i my shepherd;
I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down In green pastures;
He leadeth me beside the still waters.
He restore th my soul:
He guideth me in the paths of righteousness
for his name's sake.
Tea, though I walk through the valley of tho
shadow of death,
I will fear no evil;
For thou art with me:
Thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me
In the presence of mine enemies:
Thou hast anointed my head with oil;
My cup runneth oyer.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all
the days of my life;
And I will dwell la the house of the Lord
forever.
Anthems for the Inauguration of
Jerusalem.
L
At the Foot of the Hill.
First choir
The earth Is the Lord's, and the fulness
thereof;
The world, and they that dwell therein.
For he hath founded It upon the seas.
And established it upon the floods.
Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord?
And who shall stand la his holy plaee?
Second choir (
Ho that hath clean hands, and & pure heart;
Who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity,
And hath not sworn deceitfully.
He shall receive a blessing from the Lord,
And righteousness from the God of his sal
vation. This Is the generation of them that seek after
him.
That seek thy face, O God of Jacob.
A Festal Response,
The High Priest -
The Lord bless thee.
And keep thee;
The Lord make his face to shine upon thee.
And be gracious unto thee;
The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee.
And give thee peace I
The People
God be merciful unto us, and bless us.
And cause his face to shine upon us;
That thy way may be known upon earth.
Thy saving health among all nations.
Let the peoples praise thee. O God,
Let all the peoples praise thee.
O let the nations be glad.
And sins for joy:
For thou shalt Judge the peoples with equity.
And govern the nations upon earth.
Let the peoples praise thee, O God,
Let all the peoples praise thee.
The earth hath yielded her increase:
God, even our God, shall bless us.
God shall bless us;
And all the ends of the earth shall fear him.
Let the peoples praise thee, O God.
Let all the peoples praise thee.
God In Judgment on the Gods.
God standeth in the congregation of God;
He judgeth among the gods.
"How long will ye judge unjustly,
"And respect the persons of the wicked?
"Judge the poor and fatherless:
"Do Justice to the afflicted and destitute.
"Rescue the poor and needy:
"Deliver them out of the hand of tht
wicked."
They know not, neither do they understand;
They walk to and fro In darkness:
All the foundations of the earth are moved.
"I said. Ye are gods,
"And all of you sens of the Most High.
"Nevertheless ye shall die like men.
"And fall like one of the prinees."
Arise, O God, Judge the earth:
For thou shalt inherit all the nations.
A Hymn of Victory.
Companion Hymn to Psalm LX.
The People
My heart Is fixed, O God;
I will sing, yea, I will sing praises, even
with my glory.
Awake, psaltery and harp;
I myself will awake right early.
I will give thanks unto thee, O Lord, among.
the peoples;
And I will sing praises unto thee among the
natloaa.
For thy mercy la great above the heavens,
And thy truth reacheth unto the skies.
Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens:
And thy glory above all the earth.
The King
That thy beloved may be delivered.
Save with thy right hand, aad answer us."
God hath spoken In his holiness: "I will exult:
"I will divide Sheehem, and mete out the
valley of Suocoth.
"Gilead Is mine; Manasseh Is mine;
"Ephralm also la the defence of mine head;
Judah Is ray scepter.
"Moab is ray washpot; upon Hdom will I cast
my shoe:
"Over Phillstla will I shout"
Who will brinir me into the fenced cltyT
Who hath led me unto Bdem?
Hast net thou cast us off. O GodT
And thou goeat net forth, O God, with our
hosts.
Give us help against the adversary:
For vain Is the help of roan.
The People
Through God we shall do valiantly:
Fer he it is that shall tread down our adver
saries. The Lord Thy Keeper.
I will lift up mine eyes unto the mountains:
From whence shall my help come?
My help oometh from the Lord,
Which made heaven and earth.
He will not suffer thy foot to be moved:
He that keepeth thee will net slumber.
Behold, he that keepeth Israel
Shall neither slumber nor sleep. ,
The Lord is thy keeper:
The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hnnd.
The sua shall not smite thee by day.
Nor the moea by night.
The Lord shall keep thee-rom all evil;
He shall keep thy souL
The Lord shall keep thy going oat and thy
coming In. t
From this tlroa forth and f c eresnora.