18
THE SHNDAY OKEfiONIAN, PO"RTr,AND, NOVEMBER 11, 1900.
REMINISCENCES OF PUGET SOUND
Killing of arc Indian Youth Who Stumbled Upon a Spring Gun In
1857 and How His Relatives Were Indem
nified. By E. Huggir.s.
June, 1S57. Just after the disastrous Tn-
diap, -war, the Ia4tfnna had began to feel
that they oouM teave their homes and
aeelc -work among the few -white settl rj
th&n in the Puget Sound eoumry. A
number o Indians, male and fcma'e,
had been engaged by the Puget Sound
Agricultural Company, at Fort Nlwjual-
ly, to wash and, shear sheep. This work
bad always been done by the natives, with
the assistance of a few white men and
Kanakas, until the outbreak of the In
dian war, which prevented the Indians
Jrom leaving -the protection of their
agencies. Martial law having been pro
claimed, the Indians were, by edict of
the Governor, strictly forbidden to loave
their own country More than one poor
fellow lost his Mfe because he -foolishly
allowed himself to wander across the
aafety line, and. meeting with, perhaps,
acouUng parties of volunteers, was ruth
lessly shot down before he could explain
and prove his friendliness to the whites
The sheepehearing season had always
been a time of rejoicing among the In
dians, somewhat like the hopplcking sea-
Ben of modern times. The men did the
washing, and assisted in the packing of
the wool, and the women and girls did
the shearing. Of course there were a
great many more hands employed at th.
work than would have been if all white
people had been employed. For the
washlrg part of the work, about 15 or
?0 men and boys would be engaged, and
for shearing, from. 30 to 40 women and
girls. The work was done In a prim
ula way. The women would work In
pairs. A man would catch the sheep
and carry it to the women, who wouio.
be seated upon the floor of a large store
room, cal.ed the shearing-house, with an
Indian mat under them. One would take
the fre part and the other the hind ena
of the sheep, the legs of which would he
t'rd to prevent the poor brute from kick
ting1 and struggling when under the
shears. Some of the workers were skill
ful and others the reverse, and often the
porr a'mal would, when leaving, the
hinds of the shearers, be covered with
Us own blood. Sometimes these wounds
would not be found until a few days aft
erwards. The poor, suffering anlmai
would begin to grow thin, and upon ex
amination it would be found that flies
hrd penetrated under the wounded skin
end laid the foundation for thousands of
maggnts, which were slowly eating the
flesh of the animal. An application of
ointment, or a little kerosene, soon got
rid of the pests, and the sheen would
soon recover and become fit and" hearty.
Liter the sheep were shorn, they were
IcaTied to a place near by and dressed
with a deroctlon of tobacco and corro
sive sublimate, which would speedily kill
ickb and vermin. The entire flock which
in 18Tk" numbered h-tween 11000 and 12,-
waa generally dressed with this prep-
ration two or three times a year.
An Enrl" Sheen Trnnxncilon.
To show the deadly character of sheep
scab, I will relate an incident which oe-
Icurred In my own sheep experience.
lany of my readers will recollect .the
late CVonel Haller. After being re-
red from the united States Army. Colo-
jel Haller for some years owned ana
rorked a farm on Whidby's Island.
Sometime in the '70s he requested me to
htan f r him 100 or raortr gimmer ewe-.
that Is, ewes about 12 or 18 months old,
and ship them to his place via Seattle.
informed him that such sheen were diff
icult to obtain, but fortunately a ncigh-
sor of mine. Harry Barnes, had about
that number of ewes, not all gimmers,
lough, but all young sheep, which he
rould sell at U each. This I considered
rery cheap, as sheep were then in de-
md because of the prevailing high price
if wdoI. I closely inspected the sheep
a handled almost all of them, and In
formed the Colonel that they were a lino
lot of sbeep in prime condition, showing
jot the slightest signs of being scabby.
Ie at once aocepted the sheen, and di
rected me to ship at once. I was a lit
tle disappointed at this, as I had made
ip rrv m'nd had he refused to take thorn
to pur-hase the lot myself, feeling as
sured tnat before winter came I could
isLy dispose of them at a profit of at
tea 51 hrad However I attended
to Instructions, and the sheep, in due
ime were landed on whidby's Island. I
lad been put to a great deal of trouble
In t'r mn't"- and the compensation I
ecelved was altogether inadequate for
;e lab r performed, but the Colonel paid
IV bil' without comment. I had not
:horgcd much for my own services be-
jusc when the Colonel was in command
?f Fort Ftellaeoom during the Indian
Tar, In 16, our families had been on
terms of -'ose Intimacy, and what I did
is in great measure for the sake of
iu d arg n. A few months after the
hper i ' 1ent I ioelved a letter from
the C'nrel which completely staggered
ie, He !ald he rejrretted having asked
e to run-has sheep for him. for the
Mtt'e "d of ewes I had sent him were
sct'v 3flll ted with scab, had lost half.
jr m"re, of their fleeces, some of them
-a1 ert nnii what he was troubled about
;st was that the wretched glmmer
sheep hod infected his other sheep, and
the ts and, which before this had never
xad a cabbv sheep upon it, was now
hrtbtd of sheep dleeaee. all caused by
ba'ng foisted upon him a lot of in
fected onlmals. Of course I was much
:ubled at receiving such a letter, and
it once knew that the Colonel wa en
tirely ignorant of the nature of the sheep
cab.
I wrote a long letter In rtfply, telling
-1-rel TT1 ler how eaeilv the little band
jf hea'thv ewes I had sent him could have
impacted scab on board the steamers
rhlch conveyed them from Steilacoom.
Cbese easels carried all kinds of animals.
ind xntmy of the sheep forming their
aargo were badly Infected, and of course
ithe pes which held the .sheep on board
re badly Infected. I am Inclined to
think t"at the Colonel and others of his
Uaml'y never focgave me. and In nUe of
ill rov assurances to the contrary, they
thougM I had gotten rid of a lot of my
jwn cvseased sheep, to a friend, at u
price fir bevond their real value, if such
airnals had any value at all. If Haller
jRd ori'y had his sheep dipped in tho
jEual deroctlon used, all the bad cense-
ruenecs would .have been prevented, and.
?rhaps, the sad feeling which followed
rould not have occurred.
Hvw the Indian ImlinrerM X.ivetl.
The Eheep-shoaring season of 1867 had
jmmenced and the Indians were re-
jolcng over the fact of being able once
ic-e to Tesume their old employment ard
tus earn a. little slothing and trinkets
Xo satisfy their small wants. It was not
lucb. the poor creatures were paid, but
they were quite satisfied with it. The
jen received the value of two blankets
id one shirt for a month's work. with.
perhaps, a gratuity of tobacco pipes.
tew charges of ammunition, fishhooks
nd vermllllon paint, the latter largely
idu Iterated with flour. The women wore
id PT montn, two yards or green, scatv
let or blue baize, for a pettiooat, two or
three cotton drees, pieces, and some yards
f gray unbleached cotton for under.
lothes with a gratuity of vermilion.
bhe&P bcadr. thread and needles and
iss wire for Bracelets. They valued
ie gifts vers' much. It pleased them to
Lh!rk thev ware getting something for
nothing They would work faithful! v. bs
Iddable. and wfc generally ahedrful and
itent with the Utile pay they received.
rv were fed ae meal a y,' A man
the band aoted as cook, and he would
cook a mess in a 50- or CO-gallon iron
I kettle. Wheat or peas, with the head,
tripe or liver and lights of a bullock, or
if none of these was on hand, a lot of
'grease would be mixed with the grain.
and a lot of stuff called soup woull be
made and served to the willing, hungry
creature?, who appeared to eat it with
' great relish. They brought with them a
supply of dried salmon, clams, salmon
roe and dried berries, which they partly
subsisted upon, and sometimes one or
more of the party would be sent off to
hunt, or fish, and thus add to the scanty
, larders. Most of the Indians employed
' were of the Snohomish tribe, many of
( who were related to the Jsisquallys by
marriage. Each understood the language
. of the other, there being really not much
difference.
Tho story I am about to relate ccn,-
cerns the Snohomish tribe, many of
whom were, as usual, assisting at the an-
nual sheading. It was on the evening of
June 5, 1S67, and the day's work was
done. About 800 sheep had ,been shorn,
and treated as usual. The workmen of
the fort were, as was ' customary' with
them, sitting outside of the postern gate
of the fort, from which they had a splon,
did view of the Coast Range and Mount
Rainier. On a very clear day Mount
Baker could be seen. They would tell
stories, and listen to the never-end ng
yarns of a couple of superannuated sai
lors, who had been in the company's
service for many a long year. They had
the faoulty of telling wonderful stories,
whether true or not, and afforded great
amusement to their hearers, many ot
whom were comparatively green hands,
who had not been long li the country.
About this time there was a sort of
a religious craze among the Indians, and
they were divided, some being Roman
Cithtllcs and others Method sts or Pres
byterians. Bach denominatibn had its
leader. Every evening they would have
prayers, and we would hear from where
we eat under the palisades the bell of
the Catholics, and then we would hear
them burst out into song In Chinook. It
was really quite Interesting to listen to
them, they seemed to be so much in
earnest Some of the tunes the Prot-st-ants
sang were the Fime as I heard in
London many years ago. One could not
look at these two groups of people, who
only a few years ago wre ignorant, wild
and barbarous, without giving tho church,
especially the missionaries, great credit
for what had been accomplished. "Whth
er It did any lasting good it Is hard to
tell, but this much I know, for the tlma
being the benefits derived from the la
bors of the missionaries were very ap
parent. The Killing? of Snl-fnenVfcyno.
On this particular evening tho Indians
had "just got through with their usual
i religious services, and everything was
i quiet in the camp, when suddenly WO
heard a noise of loud talking,, and saw
men running towards one particular
lodge. Presently four or five Ind ans
came running towards the gate where
we were sitting. One of them, a Snoio
mish named Sah-ah-lll. told me that hla
son. Sul-tuch-kyne, a youth of about 17
I or 18. had, when passing througn Sqully
I Bottom, been shot at from ambush and
j killed. He had a companion with him,
a young man named Stayhorn or Ay-
aaith, the handsome, so called because
of h!s really handsome face and figure,
who escaped without a wound. The old
man said that his son had been to Olym.
pla visiting his mother, and was on his
way home with Ay-aalth. They crossed
the Squally River on a big log Jam, wfti"h
the Indians always used as a bridge
when crossing the river on foot The
trail ran. through a little clearing be
longing to a man named J. A. Packard,
who owned the place now tho property
of S. T. Bennett. Packard had the cl ar
Ing planted with potatoes, and the old
Indian and his companions felt assured
that Packard had shot the youth for
walking through the potato field. He
told me that, along with several more of
his tribe, he Intended to go down im
mediately to Packard's to look for his
son, and If he found him dead to take
summary vengeance upon, Packard.
Hoyt Fnclsnrd "Was Saved,
I sent for Dr. Tolmie, who listened to all
the old man said. He told me that things
looked very bad for Packard, whom he
did not for a moment suspect as haing
shot the boy. Packard was a man of
good standing In the community. He was
ilked by almost every one. and was look
ed upon as the last man in the world to
commit so dastardly a deed as the o d
man charged him with. "What Dr. Tol.
mie feared was that should the old man
find his son dead In the field, he wnu d
at once charge Packard with the murder,
as It was well known that he had for
bidden the Indians to pass through his
field, and had threatened them with con
sequences if they did not desist The
trail had been traveled by the Indlan.3
for years, and It was hard to break them
from the habit of using it Besides, Uure
was no other landing place Tor trav lers
by the log Jam. The doctor thought, as
did I, that the Indians would immedi
ately cross the river, go to Packard's
house, charge him with the murder, and
in the excitement of the moment pnd
Packard's lack of fluency in talking Chi
nook, the old man would kill him. and
perhaps also his wife, a fine woman, and
only child, a beautiful girl of 14 or 15
years.
Packard then lived across the river, In
a blockhouse, called Fort Ragland. It
was built during the Indian war of 1865,
on a sand spit Immediately across the
river and near the present county bridge.
Packard ran a ferry scow, as we 1 as
carried on the work of his farm. As I
before stated, Packard was a man of
good" character, and no one for a moment
suspected him i of being guilty of such a
deed as this appeared to be, except, per
haps, the ignorant Indiana Dr. Tclmla
reasoned with the old Indian, and oth.
ers of the tribe, all of whom were great
ly excited over the murder. I volunteered
to go down and inquire into the matter,
and the doctor agreed with me that it
was the best thing to do. I requested a
big giant of a preach Canadian to ac
company me, and ho was quite willing to
go. I stipulated that only four Indiana
should go with me. the father of the
missing lad, Ay-aalth. the youth's com
panion, and two relatives of the hoy,
Sul-tuch-kyne. The Indians, after a great
deal of talk, agreed to this. They at
first wanted to go In force, between 26
and 34 in number, and armed with guns
and knives. I Insisted that not one "of
the four should carry arms of any kind
with them, and this was at last agreed
to, after a great deal of talk. About 9
In the evening we started for the bot
tom, myself and, man on horseback rnd
the Indlan.9 afoot The old Indian Ssh-ah-lil
left orders for some of his own
people to go In a canoe up the river to
convey the body of his son back. The
old fellow felt sure of finding his on
dead. We were In a quandary, and
didn't know what to think.
NlKlit March to Fort Raglan.
TYe allowed the Indians to keep up with
us, and all arrived at the top of the
Squally Hill together. The road down
the hill was very steep, and It was as
much as a team could do to pull up an
empty wagon, and it required four horses
to haul up even a medium-sized lead. I
recollect that when making the trip in a
buggy, we always walked up the hill, and
it was as much as the horse oould do to
pull up the empty buggy. The road, in
the oaurse ef time, beoame much better,
and new it la so altered and graded that
bicyclists can ride up it JSTjen wre got
to the trail leaving the main road to the
potato clearing and river jam we dis
mounted and tied our horsc3 and footed
it down the bluff, Ay-aa!th leading the
way. It was as dark as pitch, and not a
word was spoken. It was altogether a
gruesome trip", and gave opportunity for
many superstiUous fancies. When we
arrived at the bottom, the Indian Ay
aalth drew "back and allowed me to take
the lead. "We very foolishly came away
without a lantern, but bad matches, and
gum or pitch wood with us. "We groped
along slowly in the dark, for we were
approaching, Ay-aalth told us, very close
to the spot where the lad, his companion,
fell. Suddenly I felt something soft in
front of me. The Canadian fired up his
pitch wood, and the bright light opened to
our gaze a fearful scene. A groan of
horror escaped from the Indians, and it
eoon culminated in threats of vengeance,
for right in front of us, stretched upon
a fallen tree lying across the trail wa3
the body of the youth, Sul-tuch-kyne.
Upon examination it was found that he
had been fearfully shot through the side
of tho knee; in fact, the knee was com
pletely shattered. The youth, after hav
ing been shot, crawled along the trail a.
"TREED! THE GREAT POLITICAL TIGER HUNT FINISHED,"
few yards until he came to the fallen
tree. This he attempted to cross, but
failed, and leaning upon It, had soon
bled to death.
Stumbled Upon a Spring- Gun.
"We were much surprised at the nature
of the wound, and could not account for
its being in such a place. I overheard
the Indians muttering, and understood
enough of their language to know that
they were making threats of vengeance
against the Boston man owning the field,
and declaring that they would at once
go to Packard's house, on the other side
of the river, and kilL him. The old man
went ahead on the trail towards the Jam,
with the Intention of crossing. I did not
want the Indian to see Packard before I
did. so I, not very politely, pulled tho
old fellow back and took the lead myself,
calling upon Chaullfoux, my Canadian
companion, to keep his gum sticks burn
ing and" the Indians together. I now be
gan to think that crossing the perilous
log jam in the dark would not be wise,
and determined to return and take the
road up the hill, and thus regain the main
road down the bluff. Chaullfoux agreed
to this, but the, Indians demurred, and
it took mi some time and the use of some
threats before tney at last agreed. This
caused us to lose time, and when
we got to the regujar ferry crossing, we
found that the old man's canoe had ar
rived with five or six more Indians In it,
but luckily, two or three of the party
were Nisqually Indians, who had come
more out of curiosity than anything else.
This was a great relief to me, as I knew
that they would assist me in anything I
undertook. The old man directed his three
friends in the canoe where to find the
dead body, and instructed them to bring it
to the same road as we had taken, as
the passage by the jam would be very
dlfHcult to convey the dead body across
In the dark. He also sent one of his
own party along with them to assist In
carrying the body, thus rendering It much
easier for me to manage matters, should
anything happen threatening danger to
Packard. .
Indian Logic.
"We crossed the river In the old man's
canoe, and made our way to Fort Rag
lan. Packard was soon aroused. He was
using the second floor of" th.e blockhouse
as a sleeping apartment. I told him
what brought us there at such an unsea
sonable hour, when he raised his hands in
horror, and exclaimed: "My God, the boy
must have come across one of my spring
guns." Packard said he had been great
ly annoyed by Patrick Fowler's pigs
breaking lnt? his potato field, and as a
last resort had determined upon setting
guns for them. He most emphatically de
nied putting the guns there to catch In
dians, and said he had no idea that In
dians would cross the river so late in the
day. The Indians must have crossed at
least two hours before dark set in, and I
firmly believe that the man, when set
ting the guns, had not the remotest idea
of injuring anyhlng but hogs 'with him.
But it was a fearfully stupid thing to do,
and displayed almost criminal careless
ness. Packard sajd there wa3 another
gun set farther on from the first, on one
of the trails leading to tho jam, and It
was a lucky thing for ma that I turned
back as I did, for had we gone on to
wards the jam, one of us might have coma
across and exploded the gun,
I explained to the father of the dead
boy the reason why Packard had set the
guns in his potato field, but the old roan
treated my explanation contemptuously,
and said if the Boston man wanted to
shoot pigs, why adn't he. hunt them in
tlie daytime, as any man "of sense would
do. Only a foolish man would eet guns
in a trail he well knew was frequented
by Indians and sometimos white people.
He said, with emphasis: "None but a
fool would do the same. Perhaps this
American didn't wish to kill people when
ho fixed mis gun so. He perhaps only
wanted to slightly wound them In the leg,
and make them afraid, and thus put an
end to travel through his field to the in
jury of his crop." The old man's argu
ment was hard for me to answer, "If,"
ho said, "the Boston man wanted only
to wound people slightly, why did he load
the gun with big buckshot. Instead of
small blrdshot"
Had n Short Cut Gun Ready.
Packard took things very coolly. He
didn't appear to appreciate the critical
position he was in, jHe talked ,fron,thq
window bt bis' bedroom, the second; story-
i of the fortress. I was glad that he had
not come to tho door, as the old Indian
i was by this time in a, tremendous state
j of excitement as were his. two compan
ions, tho felaUves of the dead lad. I kept
close to tho old man, who wis enveloped
in a largo blanket, Indian fashion, and I
noticed, wfoen the light from the pitch
torch 'flashed upon him, that he was ap
parently hugging -something concealed
under his blanket. I jerked the blanket
open- and saw that he had a short cutoff
gun. I immediately took this from him,
without much trouble, and found it to be
loaded, "We examined the other Indians
and found them to be unarmed.
I told the Indian that Mr. Packard
would compensate him for the loss of his
son, which method of settling such mat
ters wag then customary aracmg the In
diarri Tho olSL man replied that ho
should expect big pay for the loss of his
son, as he was of an influential Snoho
mish family, the grandson of aphief, etc.
I felt satisfied now that nothing serious
would result from Packard's action, at
least that night and I told him what I
had promised the Indians. Packard,
much to my disgust was stubborn. He
didn't seem to like tho Idea of paying any-
thing to Che friends of the dead youth. I
reasoned with him, and told him the risk
he and his family h.ad run. I am satis
fied that had I or some one from the fort
not gone down with the Indians, some
thing very serious would-have happened
to the Packards: I conversed with him
in English, which the Indians didn't un
derstand. Packard was a quiet slow-speaking
man, ,ahd seldom got exerted. At this
particular time, when most men would
have been greatly perturbed., he kept as
cool as a cucumber. I at last prevailed
upon him to agree to pay the Indians
something, and ho requested me to ask
Dr. Tolmie to make the best terms he
could with them, furnish tho goods, which
he would pay fdr in the course of three or
four months. The Indians would not be
satisfied until I gave my word1 thtat they
should be paid a fair amount for the loss
of their son and relative. This ended,
they went to the canoe containing the
dead youth and mournfully paddled their
way out of the river to the Fort landing
place. A cart was awaiting their arrival.
The body was taken to the fort and
buried, temporarily, in the Indian 'burial
ground near the old place, and for the en
tire day tho place was mado mournful
by the singing of the death song of the
many female relatives of the lad.
Objected to the Indemnity.
It was now nearly daylight and I was
glad when I gained the shelter of the fort,
to throw myself on my bed for an hour's
sleep, which was interruptedi by dreams
of spring guns, dead Indians, and the ex
citing scenes under the walls of Fort
Raglan. The next day Doctor Tolmie
had an unpleasant time coming to an un
derstanding with the Indiana. The father
wanted a large sum in goods to pay him
self and relatives for the loss they had
sustained, and after a long and tiresome
lot of talk they agreed to take 1G blankets,
valued at JSO, or the equivalent in other
goods. .This we all thought very rea
sonable but, to my astonishment and dis
gust, Packard seemed to think it exorbi
tant and for some time held out for about
half the amount. He offered to pay half,
and intimated that we ought to make
Patrick Fowler, a ne'er do well, pay the
other half. After all the trouble and an
noyance I had experienced on his account,
and the trouble Dr. Tolmie had been put
to, Packard wanted us to run the risk of
losing half of the amount paid the Indi
ans, or else dun and try to get it out of
the Irishman. "What a return to make
for all tho work we had done for him I
Dr. Tolmie wrote him a letter, copy of
which I have before me, which I thlntf
caused him to come to terms; He finally
agreed! to pay Dr. Tolmie's bill but it was
a long time before he settled in full. I
don't know whether or not Packard got
anything out of Fowler.
Packard Died in Portland.
Fowler located on a piece of land up the
river, adjoining L. M. Collins' place, and
the potato patch, where the tragedy oc
curred, was part of it Fowler sold out
and, took a plaira near Sastuc, one of the
places now owned by the Rigney brothers.
H didn't remain long, but moved to Vic
toria and became a subject of the Queen.
I am told that he was always getting into
trouble there. "When living, on the bot
tom he became connected with, J, "W. Bal
ance in the tannery business the latjer
established in 1851 on the Collins place.
Soon after Oils Packard disposed of his
farm and became interested In the saw
mill business. He was part owner of the
MacAillster mill, a water power plant,
built In 1552 by Wells and Jas. MacAlIis
ter, on the Shee-dah-dan, or Medicine
Creek. Afterwards he beoame owner of
the mill constructed in 1F52 by Thompson
and Rosenbaum. at the mouth of the Se
qualHtohen Creek, where he failed in busi
ness and loft tho country. He then went
into business in Portland, and I am in
formed died a few years ago.
My recollections of Mr. Packard are
most kindly, and the only objectionable
thing, in my mind, Is the manner in which
he acted in this spring-gun episode, but
perhaps like a good many more decent
Americans with whom I became acquaint"
ed in those days, he seemed not to place
much value upon the life of an 'Indian.
In saying this, I may possibly be doing
the man an injury. In all other respects
Packard was everything to bo desired.
He was inclined to. be religious, was fond
of singing sacred songs, and, If I recol
lect right, he was v teaoh.er of v,ocal
music, Ejra Meeker, the well-known
appraiser of Puyallup, was a close friend
of Packard's and when the latter failed,
I recolleot that Mr. Meeker came to the
Sequallitchen mill apd closed up tiie busi
ness for Mrs. Packard I purchased some
of Mrs. Packard's furniture, which was
too clumsy to move away, and have it
still on hand.
AttTS HAVE A LANGUAGE.
Many Evidences, That the Tinr In
flects Talk "With Each Other.
Sir John Lubbock, as well as many
other scientists, has, of course, studied
the ant but it has been given' to a
Frenchman, a M. Ferel, to make a dis
covery as regards ants that proves them
to be possessed of an intelligence far
greater than has been hitherto supposed,
Bays a wrljer in an English periodical.
And this discovery Js- nothing more rior
less than that ants ate capable of pro
ducing sounds intelligible to their fel
lows, and even audible to our ears In
other words, that they converse with one
another.
The way M. Ferel prdved this waa as
follows:
He made a glass funnel, one end small
er than the other, which he placed, th
small end downward, in the center of a
square of plain glass some six inches
wide, fitting closely enough to prevent
the little insects from crawling out under
neath. He then took a number of ants In a
bunch about the size of an ordinary horse
chestnut free from any foreign sub
stance, and, lifting up the funnel, dropped
tho cluster of insects inside.
While the ants were still in a state of
bewilderment, and before any of them
could reach the edge of the glass, the ex
perimenter covered it with another
square, similar to the one already In use,
and which had been, surrounded a shore
distance from its edge by a rim of putty
This effectually confined the little In
sects and prevented their being crushed.
The two plates ot glass were then
pressed together to within, approximately,
the thickness ot an ant's body, but
closer on one side than, on the other, so
as to hold some fast and incapable ot
moving, while others could move about
in their narrow prison where they liked.
On applying this box of ants to the ear,
as though it had been a watch, .M. Ferel
was astonished to hear a regular and
continuous buzzing noise, somewhat sim
ilar to the sound made by water when
boiling in an open vessel, though, some
times a higher note would be struck bj
one or another of the ants.
Further study of the box of prisoners
revealed many Interesting facts. The
free ants were seen to advance to the
sides of the ones that could not move,
and to endeavor with all their strength
to ' release the prisoners. It was then
that the sounds made by the antn be
came louder and more strident It was
evident that these sounds conveyed come
meaning, for a palpable difference waa
to be found In the mlpute utterances,
which must have been intelligible to th
tiny captives, ,
Then came the problem. How was the
sound made? M. Ferel proceeded to at
onco make minute Investigations, ana
submitted live ants to the scrutiny of a
very powerful mlscroscope.
Here, again, ap interesting discovery
was in store for the investigator. The
side of the little insects were found to
bo in one particular place rough and
scaly, resembling though, of course, on
a tiny scale tho teeth of a saw. It was
by rubbing this that the ant made the
sound that had rewarded the scientist's
M. Ferel 'then took a coupte of ants
and confined them In the glass box al
ready described, Imprisoning the one and
giving the other liberty to move.
The ant that had free use of his llmba
became at once intensely excited. It
rushed about, making what must have
taking into consideration the comparative
size of a man and an ant a terrible
noise. The modulations of the insect's
mode of expression were plainly heard by
the scientist
Then, having apparently exhausted an
exceedingly copious vocabulary, the anf.
In despair of liberating Us companion,
dashed at It and killed it. This was evi
dently to the insect the only course left
open.
ii
JOURNALISM IN GREENLAND
Flrat "711 Cats, Next Came Heads,
Afterward Whole Sentences.
Philadelphia Press,
One of the most amusing skippers visit
ing Philadelphia is the genial commander
of the British bark Calcium, one of the
fleet of Greenland cryolite traders which
has Just discharged her cargo here and
loaded coal for Demerara. A fine speci
men of the real old-time sailor, Captain'
Smith possesses a fund of knowledge
gathered through years of rough experi
ences, the record of which would form
the ground work for an up-to-date sea
novel.
For years . this picturesque skipper
gained knowledge of the high latitudes
that has been of great benefit to him in
his present trade through service aboard
one of the old Peterhead whalers, a fleet
once famous, but now almost extinct
Captain Smith has been one of the most
successful of the ArQtlc traders his only
mishap being the loss of the British bark
Argento, which he commanded in the Fall
of 1S96. The vessel was actually crushed
to atoms by the Arctic floe Ice. All were
rescued after a thrilling experience, and
made their way to Frederlcksshaab,
where they were housed and fed by the
Danish Governor,
Captain Smith has a greater knowledge
1 '
women wo&r wsi
They are doomed to so mnch Baffering
But are tbey doomed? Is not the suf
fering the result of conditions which un
der skillful treatment might he entirely
cured? Thousands of women who had
been great sufferers, have learned that
suffering was unnecessary after using
Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription. It
heals diseases of the delicate womanly
organs and banishe3 the headache, back
ache and other aches which are the con
sequence of these diseases,
"Favorite Prescription" is aBeowtely a
temperance medicine in the strictest
meaning of the term. It contains no
alcohol and is free from opium, cocaine,
and all other narcotics.
" mrcte yqn for adyiu February 4th, Ito6,"
writes Mr. Loma Halctcad, of CUtrentore, Cher
okee. Nat. Ind. Ty. "I uras racking with pain
from the back oftny head down to my heels.
Had hemorrhage for weeks at-n time, and was
unable to sit up for ten minutes at a tune. You
answered my letter, advised me to use your
valuable mcqiaaea, viz., Dr, Pierce.' Favorite
Prescription, ' Golden Medical Discovery, and
'Pleasant Pellets,' also gave advice about in
jections, baths and diet To my surprise, in
four month from Mie tune I began your treat
ment I was a well woman and have not had the
backache since, and now I put in sixteen hours
a day at hard work."
Sick women are invited to consult Dr,
Pierce "by Jcttsr free. U correspond
eqce private. Address "Qr, R, yr Plcxcej
Of Greenland than any other man in the
merchant service. When he can"be IndHCed
to tell of the bleak settlements surround
ed by the polar Ice his stories are al
ways appreciated and he is sure of a
large and highly appreciative audience.
Several days ago, Just before his de
parture for Demerara, the skipper told
a most interesting story cf journalism in
Greenland. Journalism in Greenland, he
said, Is represented by a single paper, and
to Its proprietor, Mr. Moelier, Is duo the
credit of educating a large number of the
natives, because he not only printed the
paper for them, but also taught them how
to read it.
This wonderfully energetic man per
forms single-handed the functions ef edi
tor, reporter, proprietor, printer, distribu
tor and business manger. The entire pa
per, which is printed in Godthaab, Is the
product of his awn pen.
Some time ago he set up a primitive
printing establishment, and every two
weeks he performs a long journey on
skates to dispose of his journal.
Originally it contained only & few crude
illustrations, but gradually other matter
was introduced, until now it contains ar
ticles on the affairs of the day. This majn
actually taught his subscribers to read
his paper, first Introducing words, the.n
sentences, and now articles on the topics
of the day.
Mr. Moelier is a Dane, and has lived in
Greonand many years. He takes a deep
interest In anything calculated to make
lighter the burdens of the natives, and
is beloved by all who know him.
Facta About Fishes.
In Alaska there is a queer fish that can
be used as a candle when dried. The
tall of the fish is stuck in a crack of a
wooden table 'and its nose is lighted. A
good-sized flame will burn about three
hours. It gives a good steady light of
three-candle power and considerable heat.
The reason that fish are slimy is to
protect them from a certain fungus, a
form of plant life, that is found in ail
waters. Should a fish be so injured that
a. spot was no longer covered with slime,
the fungus would lodge there and grow
until it eventually killed the Ash. Slime
also Increases the speed of fish through
the water.
The whale is the only fish that has a
brain larger than a man's.
1 Every time a flsh breathes it moves
43S6 bones and muscles.
TRAVEIiElW GUIDE.
CALL, IF
But if you can't, write for infor
mation about tho Burlington's
service and rates to the East.
The Burlington is the line to take.
The people of the Northwest are
just waking up" to that fact to
their advantage and ours.
Three routes east via Billings,
Mont.; via St. Paul, and via Denver.
TICKET OFFraB
Cer. Third and Stark Sis.
1 VI "' It. W. FOSTER.
" V T City Ticket Agent,
TlcUt Office, 26$ HirriiM Street. Pbon: I))
LSXVK.'
Ma, 4
6:00 P. M.
Til Tijtr. l!l7 u u4
tzova II Paul, Mln
apoiit. Plmb. Ciicjci
nd all polntp Eut.
aiuuvk.
Hft..
7 l A .M
Through Ptlaca asd TourUt Blir. DLainj
tnd Eufft SmoklogI4brary Cars.
JAPAN - AMERICAN LINE
STEAMSHIP IDZUMI MARU
rr Japan. China and all Ailatlo poUu wit
lar Seattle
About December 10th
Astoria & Columbia
River Railroad Gx
LTAVK3
UNION
EJCPOT.
for iUygtrt, IUlnUr,
Claukanu. TVeitport
Clifton. AitorU. War
rmton. riaytl. Hanv
Bond. Tort Strnj,
arhart Park. aildi.
Astoria and lieaatior
XxprM.
JutorU Kxprtaa,
Dally.
Anmvxs
UNION
:00 A. M.
7;C0 P, M.
U:10A. ii
:C0 p. it.
Tlektt office. 355 Morriaoa at. and Union dtpo.
J. C ACATO. den. Ptii. Act.. Aatorte. Or.
Pacific Coast Steamship Co.
FOR ALASKA,
THE COMPANY'S elej-ant
ateaoiahips Cottage City, City
ot TopeUa. and Al - Ki leave
TACOMA 11 A. M.; 8SATTLB
0 P. at.. Nov, 1, 0. 11. Id.
21, SO; Sec 1. 0. 11, 6, 21.
20, 31; Jan. 6. A steamer
every fifth day thereafter.
Further Information ohtaln
company's folder. The company reserves tho
right to chance steamers, calling dates and
hours ot sailing, without previous notice.
AGENTS N. POSTON. 24U Washington St..
Portland, Or.; F. W. CAKI.ETON, N. P. H. R.
DocV. Tacoma. TICKET OyFIpE, 013 First
ave., Seattle, E. W. MEi.SE, Ticket Agt.;
H If. LLOYD, Pucet Sound Supt., Ocean
Dock, Seattle; C. W. MILLER. Asst. Puget
Sound Supt,. Ocean Dock, Seattle.
l,OUDLi. I'EHivlNS CO Oen Agts.. S. F.
sin
Hong" Kong, via Yokohama and Kobe, Due
at Portland as follows;
SS MONMOUTHSHIRE ...,..,..,.... Nov. 23
S8. MILOS ...., , ,,..Dec. 28
S3. BKARPSNO ..,.,., .-. .Jan. 23
For freight Or passage apply to
T.M. Stevens & Go.Jnc.
6-S'tO Columbian bldg., Third and Oak sts.
WASHINGTON & ALASKA
STEAMSHIP CO.
The fast mall steamship "CITY OF SEAT
TLE," sailing from. Seattle -every jo days for
Skagway, calling at Port Tpwnaeud, Ke'chfkaa.
and Juneau.
Steamers "ABERDEENt and "RUTH," Se
attle to Skagway, and lnUrmedia,ta points.
every seven days.
Through tickets tq Dawson. ?75, first'Class;
and 300 second-class.
DQDWELI, CO.. TM r .
252 Oak st. Telephone Mala SO. '
1B9
YOU CAN
2SNBR"TPR7HERM
.
Steamer
TXiAVEMCKS GUIDE.
Untoa Depot, Sixth amd J Streets.
THREE TRAINS DAILY
FOR ALL POINTS EAST
"CHIGAGO-PORTLAXD SPEC? AX.
ZjSfve!l tot " E4. Tl Huntington, at tf
A. M,; arrives at 4.30 P. M. ,
SPOKAM2 FIVElt,
For Spokane Eastern Washington, and Ortat
T Al i? solnU leav, t B P. M.; arrives at
ATLANTIC EXPRESS.
T.L?Ye"' lep Et. vU Huntington, at '
P, M.; arrives at 8.4U A. M.
THROUGH PULLMAN AND TOURIST 4
SLEEPERS.
OCEAN AXD KIVKU SCHEDULE.
Water lioes schedule subject to change with
out notice.
OCjwvN DIVISION From Portland, leave
Alnswortk Dock at HP. M., sail every 0 dyss
P.e0 W- "Wer. Saturday. Iov. 3. Tueeday.
kiOVH" " Nov Zf Men., Dec 3. Colum
bia, Mob., Oct. 2. Thurs.. Nov. b; Sun., Nov.
lo. Wed . j,ov. a. 8at., bee. &
jrrom Saa Francisco Salt every 6 days.
Leave Bpwstreet Pier 21 at 11 A. M.: -Qeo,
W. Elder, Tue.. Oct. 30. FrL. Nov. I); Mon.,
t:,0VK.13',Thur"'-l Nov. 29. Sun., Dec 8;Co
iS"nW. Sun,. Nov. 4; Wed., Nov. 14; SaU,
Nov. 34; Tues., Dec 4,; Frl.. Dec 14. ,
COLUMBIA, IUVER DIVISION.,
PORTLAND AND ASTORIA..
Steamer Hassalo leaves Portland dally. t ex
cept Sunday, at 8.00 P. M.. on Saturday at
10:00 P. M. Returning, leaves Astoria daily,
except Sunday, at 7.00 A M.
"WILLAMETTE RIVER DIVISION
PORTLAND AND SALEM, OR.
Steamer Modoc, for Salem. Independence aad
way points, leaves from Ash-street JJock at 9
A. M. on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Returning, leaves Independent at 5 A M...
and Salem at a P. M.. on Tuesdays, Thursday
and Saturdays.
YAXIHILL RIVER ROUTE.
PORTLAND AND DAYTON. OR.
Steamer Ruth, for Oregon City, Buttevllle.
Cbampoeg, Dayton and way landings, leave
Portland Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays
at 7.00 A M. Leaves Dayton for Portland1
ants way points Mondays, Wednesdays and
Fridays at 0.00 A M.
SNAKE RIVER ROUTE.
RIP ARIA, WASH.. AUD LEWISTON. IDAHO.
Steamer Spokane or steamer LewUton leaves
Rlparla dally at 3:40 A M.. arriving at Lew-,
lstan about JP.M. Returning, the Spokane or
Lewlston leaves Lewlston dally at 8.30 A. aL,
arriving at Rlparla same evening.
W. H. HURLBURT. '
General Passengsr Agent.
V. A SCHnLLHSro. City Ticket Agent.
Telephone Main 712. 80 Third at., cor. Oak.
STEAMSHIP LINE
TO THE ORIENT
CHINA AND JAPAN. FROM PORTLAND.
For rates, accommodations; etc, apply to
OREGON RAILROAD & NAV. CO..
Agents, Portland. Or.
LivJ 1 via
SOUTH
Lenve DcpoPman,, ArrWo
OVERLAND EX.
PRESS TRAINS.
for Salem. Rose
burg, Ashland. Sac
ramento. Ogden.
San Francisco. Mo
Jave, Los Angeles.
El Paso. New Or
leans and the East.
At Woodbura
(dally except Sun
day), morning train
connects with train
for'Mt. AnpoU SH
rertQB Brown,
vttle, SprTssfleM.
and Natron, and"
venlng train for
Mt. Angel and Sll
verton. Albany passenger
Corrallls passenger.
Eherldac pas'g-r
8:30 P. 1L
3 .SO A, M.
7M5A.M.
1.
6:30 P. ill
4:00 P. M.
7:30 A. M.
114:50 P. M.
10:10 A. Si
6;50 P; It
HS:25A.M.
Dally. IfCaily except Sunday.
Rebate tickets on sale between Portland. Sua
ramento and San Francisco. Net rates $17 fiat
class, and $11 second class. Including sleeperr
Rates and tickets to Eastern points and Eu
rope. Also japan, china, Honolulu aid
AUSTRALIA- Can be obtained from J B
KIRKLAND. Ticket Agent, 140 Third street."
YAMHILL DIVISION.
Passenger Depot, foot of Jefferson street.
Leave for Oswego dally at 7:20, 0:40 A Mlt
12.30. 1-53. 3.25. 4 40, tt:25. 8:80. Ho P. -mj'
and 0.00 A M on Sundays only. Arrlv it
Portland dally at 6 33 8. 30, no.50 A Mi;
1;I5, 3 10. 4.d0. 8:10. 7.40, 10.00 p. M.; 12:43
A M. dally, excep Monday, 8.30 and 10:03 A
M. on Sundays only.
Leave for Dallas daity. except Sunday, at
0.03 P M. Arrive at Portland at 0.30 A M.
Passenger train leave Dallas for AJrlle Mon
days, Wednesdays and Fridays at 2:45 P, M
Returns Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays"
Except Sunday.
R. KOEW.ER. C II. MARKHAM.
Managnr.. Gen. Frt. & Pass.Agt.
ONLY 70 HOURS
PORTLAND TO <tO '
.VIA...
TWO TRAINS DAILY
TO THE EAST '
MO CHAttGE OF CARS to Denyor,
Omaha, Kansas City and Chicago. '
Only Four Days
To New Yor6 Boston, Philadelphia,
and Washington.
Palace Sleepers, Trlst STeepers. Dining Cara.
Library Oars, Free Recllnlng-ChaJr Curi.
Steam Heat, Platscb Light, Fast Time.
Union Depots. Baggage checked to destination,
CITY TICKET OFFICE
135 Third Street Portland, Oregon
J.'H. LOTHROP, QBORGB LANOJ
Gen'l Agent, CJty Pass. St Tkt, Agt,
Steamers
Alfono and Pomona
gaily (exAjnday) far jBUpn4ijwe, Sal's
and ell way landing. Leava l'ettajd flfiO'A,
im ieava Safem St A lUt iMdeseadenea. 1
O ocxen&skasta-J
1(Jj?cutes7q1
I UNION PACIFIC R. R. CO.
I OREGON SHORT LINE R. R. CO.'
I OREGON R. R. & NAVIGATION CO.'
iAM. OSlco and decX foot Taylor U ,