10
DEFENDS HIS BILL
Reply to Criticisms by Author
of Primary Election Law.
EXPLANATION OF THE MEASURE
Charles M. aiorsrnn Says It Perpet-
nntejParty X.lnes, and la Fair
to Voter.
Several days ago The Oregonlan pub
IJEhed a summary of the principal feat
ures of a. direct primary election bill
drafted by Charles M. Morgan, together
with a criticism of the bill by E. W.
Bingham. In an interview given yester
day Mr. Morgan replied to Mr. Blng
haxa'a criticism and defended his pro
posal that in the primaries the elector
should be required to vote "with one po
litical party, and not be left free to vote
lor such, candidates ot all parties as he
preferred. Mr. Morgan said:
"In the effort to secure so great a re
Sorm as that proposed by the friends of
direct primary elections, no factor is of
greater importance than the enlistment
of the Interest of every one "who has, the
opportunity and the inclination to give
thought to the matter. Every one who
ha6 a contribution of labor and thought
on the subject should be, and doubtless
is, welcome in this field of endeavor.
While ideas without a conviction of their
merit entertained by their authors are
not desirable, neither should any con
tributor hope that his thought has taken"
on such complete form asr to be a full so
lution of the questions to be solved in
framing a primary election law that will
cover the necessary reforms and at the
eame time pass criticism on constitu
tional grounds. "We shall all offer the re
sults of our study, and when the time
comes present for enactment a bill which
commands united support.
"My proposed bill, which was noticed
In The Oregonlan a few days ago, may
"be -more clearly understood If it be viewed
in the light of some suggestions which
may bo offered In its behalf. It was
thought best in its preparation to con
fine it to the subject of primary elec
tions, making the slightest changes pos
sible in present laws, and leaving desired
amendments to them for separate con
sideration. It was sought simply to adapt
present laws to the proposed new law.
Otherwise some of the minor features of
the bill would have been given different
form.
"The whole spirit of this bill is to re
cure to the individual elector the great
est freedom, and to that end, as nearly
as possible, it constitutes each political
party a pure democracy. Parties have
the same freedom of action they now
have, but they must act through the
medium of their ultimate constituency. x
"The right to make nominations, this
function being the chief concern of pri
maries and conventions, is an Incident
to the right to vote at general elec
tions. If this be not so, then there is
a right to have a voice In the selection
of our governors which is wider than
the right of suffrage itself. Suffrage is
not a natural right. It is a privilege
granted the citizen for the benefit of the
state. See Cooley on Constitutional Lim
itations, 75?; Black on Constitutional
Law, 463. By avoiding infringement
on provisions of Federal and state con
stitutions specifically defining and guard
ing the elective franchise, the Legisla
ture is perfectly free to act. It has all
power, where not specifically restricted,
over suffrage and Its incidents. Our Con
stitution, moreover, enjoins upon the Leg
islature the protection of the freedom and
the purity of the suffrage Section 8, ar
ticle 2). At present the voter is limited
to a choice between a few, clearly an Im
pairment of the 'privilege of free suffrage,'
and an exercise of 'undue Influence . . .
from power . . . and other Improper
conduct,' which our Legislature is re
quired to prevent. The sovereign elector
has fallen to the level of one who rati
fies on the appointment of another, with
no powers of selection, and with the
mere privilege of a choice between evils.
The enactment of this bill would be an
act of simple legislative obedience to the
direct demand of the Constitution.
"Present laws prohibit minor parties
from holding conventions and primaries,
and similar laws have been abundantly
sustained by the courts. Cannot the Leg
islature do less and merely regulate the
proceedings of parties In making nomi
nations? In 18S7 the Supreme Court of
Colorado passed upon and sustained an
act which provided for the punishment
cf a member of one party for voting at
the primary election, caucus or conven
tion of another party, for the determina
tion of a Jury as to the question of party
membership, for the punishment of corpo
rations for in any way Influencing em
ployes at party elections or conventions,
and for a rule of evidence that any one
acting in authority among employes with
the consent of the employer should by
his act bind the employer. See Colorado
Code of 189L 1093; 9 Colo. G31, 21 p. 474.
This case Is cited, 10 Am. & Eng. En. Law
576, to sustain the following proposition:
'The correction of abuses In the nomi
nation of candidates for public office Is
a proper subject of leglFlatlon, and there
fore statutes regulating the machinery of
political parties in making nominations
of candidates for public office and regu
lating primary elections are constitu
tional.' In 112 Pa. St. 622 it is held that
laws regulating primary elections are
election laws, same as those regulating
general elections; that a person Is as
much a candidate before nomination as
after ncmination, and that laws regulat
ing primary elections and conventions
are constitutional. The court comments
strongly on the relation of primary and
general elections as being parts of one
system through which the right of suf
frage is exercised. These two decisions
are the nearest in point with the question
now before us, with the exception of the
California decision of last July.
"The Canlfornia court .seems to have
been controlled more by the fear of 'the
-bold innovation of this legislation' than
by sound leasonlng. If the friends of di
rect primary elections are to regard this
opinion as law. they may as well save
time and aim at Constitutional changes.
The court says all parties must be favored
or burdened alike, there being no qualifi
cation of this statement permitted. I
cannot sec how the same mind can rec
ognize this as sound, and at the s,ame time
hope to provide a system which will con
fer the benefits and impose the burdens
of the law upon 'direct primary parties,
and deny the one and remove the other
when it comes to the consideration of
convention parties. As In our state. In
California, under their Australian ballot
law, minor parties cannot hold conven
tions. The primary law made the same
extinction. The court says in one case
the distinction is constitutional, and in
the other unconstitutional. A law which
denies a party a privilege which it has
not is for that reason unconstitutional.
"The opinion admits that the law de
nies no right -which Is not secured In an
other manner, but none the less effect
ively, and unqualifiedly denies the power
of the Legislature to regulate. This po
sition is attempted to be justified on the
ground that the law interferes with the
right of assembly. We have seen that
this .right which is being regulated is an
incident of suffrage, and the latter is not
a right, but a privilege. The right of as
sembly and the privilege of suffrage are
different things, and rules of Constitu
tional construction in regard to them
must bo different. Reserving for regula
tion Jthe action of parties In so far as it
hears directly on the suffrage, the law
leaves the members of parties in the
most complete enjoyment of the right of
assembly. But suppose we concede the
law to be an infringement on the right
of assembly in a certain measure, it has
Jaeen settled that Australian ballot laws
may impair this- right tb the same ex
tent. "The court, after lauding the mission
of political parties, says: "To the intend
ing voter at silch primary one ticket is
given, No question may be permitted
touching his political affiliations past,
present or future. The voter takes the
ticket, retires into the privacy of the
booth, and there secretly and not In vio
lation of law, but In strict accordance
with the law, names 6uch delegates as he
desires to the p81Itlcal convention of one
or another of the parties, whether he is
a member Of that party of n8tt whether
he ever intends to heeding such hiember
or not.' It Is the Intent 6f the law under
consideration that a voter act with his
own party Only, and the court finds no
objectloh to this. The objection Is that,
as there Is no inquisition as to party
affiliations, the voter, a Republican, may
vote the Democratic ticket. The court
Insists that the Voter shOuld be confined
to his own party, and the law Is objec
tionable because it does not do this in
some effective Way It is not readily
seen how this rule Of law can be rec
onciled with the proposal not only not to
instruct the Voter to confine himself to
his own party, but to inform him contrari
wise that he Is at liberty to vote every
ticket on the ballot. SUch a proposal
would throw thfe California court Into a
delirium.
"The bill which I have submitted has
the authority ot the Colorado and Call-
BIRD'SEYE VIEW OP GREAT
fornla courts for restricting the voter to
his own ticket, and I believe It has In
this feature the approval of most voters.
"While we are confining the voter to his
own party we must give him tne utmost
liberty In the choice of party. The bill
submitted. In this respect, simply lays
down a rule of evidence. The voter has
his own will as to choice, and the secresy
of his ballot is guarded, as It must be in
any law. The provisions of the bill In
regard to the determination of party
membership are in keeping with custom;
the voter is a member of one party or
another, just as he Is now; the same
rules govern, and he has thei additional
privilege of a secret ballot.
"Mr. Bingham, that diligent student of
election reform, whom every honest man
must delight to honor for his disinter- i
vntinr. tn th miWin wplfr I
,o,t. rim,ai noT-Moe iya n Tienncei tv i
They are, in fact, the only Instrumental!
ties through which the people can gov
ern.' Yet he proposes a law which he
hopes will obliterate all party distinc
tions and makes of the two elections, prl
mary and general, one election In whlclr
two ballots are taken, on the second bal
lot certain candidates being dropped be
cause they have polled a smaller vote.
"In his criticism Mr. Bingham says:
'The state has no control over political
parties any more than it has over re
ligious organizations called churches, and
can no more authorize a Republican to
interfere in the affairs of the Prohibition
party than It could authorize a Methodist
to Interfere with tho creed or other af
fairs of the Baptists. Neither can the
state say to the elector that, in order to
vote, he must wholly be of .some one
party, any more than it can say he niay
not approve of some things about two or"
more churches. The first suggestion
here will not be borne out by the decided
cares: the final suggestion In the first
sentence seems axiomatic. The second
statement is not faulty, save that It con
fuses the act of voting at a primary with
the act of voting at the general election.
They are parts of one complex act, but
still havo an appreciable measure of In
dividuality. The state can say that If the
voter gives his allegiance vo one of sev
eral organizations whose chief distinctive
end is the nomination of candidates, he
cannot at the same time name the candi
dates of other parties. Being a Metho
dist, you cannot select a Baptist official.
Such a provision simply seeks to preserve
in tho political world a law which in the
physical world Is not susceptible of Vio
lation. There are no white blackbirds
nor spotted ones.
"Mr. Bingham says: 'This bill goes too
far and under color of purifying political
parties puts It in tho power of unscrupu
lous voters to destroy a party. A politi
cal party is merely an association of elec
tors who agree upon certain lines or
policy, and to authorize other elector,
who may differ from them to outvote
them and sleze upon their organization,
would, be analogous to breaking up and
dispersing a peaceable assembly of citi
zens.' This bill gives no such power to
the voter. Before he has any voice In
party affairs he acts as a full-fledged
member of that particular party. If he
wishes to act with one party to Its dam
age, he must absolutely forego all action
as a member of what is realy his own
party. Is this not a better safeguard
against Interference in party affairs by
outsiders than to allow a voter to act
with his own party In all It does save m
naming one officer, and at the same time
cast a vote that makes a disreputable
nomination for another party? Mr. Bing
ham's conception looks to the obliteration
of party distinctions; this bill perpetu
ates them as democracies.
"The California decision does not merit
the consideration which has been shown
It, and our friends make a mistake In
allowing it to alarm them."
IMPOSING CEREMONIES.
Last Day Will Be Observed at Holy
Ronnry Church.
Today, being the feast day of Holy Ro
sary Church, on the corner of East Third
and Clackamas streets, will be observed
with a solemn high mass, preceded by the
blessing of roses and their distribution to
the congregation, and followed by the
rosary procession and benediction of the
Most Blessed Sacrament. The celebrant
of the mass, Rev. T. P. Henry, O. P., will
be assisted by Revs. H. S. Shaw, D. D.,
O. P., and E. C. Warren, O P, as deacon
and subdeacon, respectively, and the ora
tion will be delivered by the eloquent Do
minican preacher, Rev J. D. O'Brien, O.
P. The music for the occasion will be fur
nished by a choir of 30 voices, assisted by
a strong orchestra, and the new organ.
The entire programme is as follows:
"Asperges -Me" Gregorian
Blessing of the Roses
"Kyrle Elson" Gounod
"Gloria In Excelsls" Gounod
"Salvo Roglnla" Haydn
Sermon
"Credo in Unum Deum" Gounod
Offertolre (orchestral) Gounod
"Sanctus" ... Gounod
"Benedictus qui Venlt" Gounod
"Agnus Del" Gounod
Rosary procession through the church.
"Ave Verum" , Mozart
"Tantum Ergo" Eossaers
xiiiata TSnmJmim" .......,. Orwrnrlnn
BBKtVmSismt
fi gtiHDA
r
VIEWS, BEFORE AND AFTER
HOW DEMOCRATIC' CATfiJUJAf fi
STULTIFY THEBISELVES.
Once "Washington Politicians Were
AH for Expansion Now They
Have Recanted.
It has not been long since all the lead
ing Democratic candidates for state and
Congressional offices in "Washington Statd
took emphatic position for the policy 8f
expansion. Now they are supporting tH6
policy of scuttle, and are doing all they
can for a National tickfet that; If eleeted,
will haul down the flag In the Philippines
and sooner or later leave theni to their"
fate. The expressions of several candU
dates, made before the Democratic Na
tional platform was adopted, are perti
nent Just now, in view of their present
attitude. On December 2, 1899, Governor
Rogers wrote to the Social Reform' Union
at Alhambra, Cal., a letter In which the
fnllnwlner Iamfuasre occurs:
"It is probable that I should differ with
you only in one matter, mat oi cxpan
slon. Of course, I am opposed t6 'lni-
perialism,' but looking backward t see I
NORTHERN SWITCHBACK, WITH ROUTE OP TUNNEL INDICATED.
that the vast majority of the 'people in
every country have always supported the
government or the administration con
ducting a successful foreign war. . . .
And yet, when the Issues were before the
people, the verdict of the country strong
ly favored the prosecution of war. De
pend upon It, It will do so in the future,
and I do not think that we should cause
the failure of our plans by declaring too
strongly against-expansion. As a mat
ter of fact, the question that divides ex
pansionists and antl-expanslonlsts has
only to do with the form of government
to be given the Philippine Islands. No
one advocates our sailing away from the
Islands and abandoning them like so
many derelicts upon the high seas. Such
a course Is not to be considered. The
whole question is: Shall we establish a,
protectorate, or endeavor to incorporate
the country Into, the United States? Per-
sonally, I am In favor of a protectorate.
By it we could secure all the advantages
that we otherwise would In the way of
trade, and not be obliged to maintain
troops In the Islands. The Navy could
look after all our Interests."
Onr Title Sound.
P. C. Robertson, candidate for Con- '
gress, gave out an interview in which ho
favored holding the Philippines as Amer
ican territory. This was November 30,
1S09. Mr. Robertson made a strong argu
ment as to the legal and moral validity
of our title to the islands, saying In part:
"Spain ceded to us her sovereignty over
these Islands, and we became her succes
sor, both by the laws of war and peace.
Itls claimed that under conditions such
as these our country .should have aban
doned the Islands and permitted the na
tives to establish such form of govern
ment as they might elect. And this doc
trine Is advocated under the nahle Of arttl
Impcriallsm. Further, it is contended
that such Is the obligation on the part
of our Government, because this Nation
Is founded upon a government based only
upon the consent of the governed, and
that It is against the Institutions of
American Government and contrary to
law that we should establish a govern
ment in those islands, except- such as is
submitted to voluntarily by Agulnaldo.
"This doctrine Is not only not the law,
but It would stop the establishment of a
government formed on the American
"oo.-
t
... .. f
An expansionist men:
But What Is He Now?
On September 22. 1800, William H.
"White, then National Democratic Com
mitteeman for the State of Washing
ton, -wrote a letter to National Chair
man James K. Jones, in which he said:
"Many prominent Democratic, Sliver
Republican and Peoples Party lead
ers are "opposed to the course being
pursued by Democratic leaders, like
X.entz, Altreld, Clarke of Missouri,
and even Mr. Bryan, with reference to
the PhlHrplne question. If tho Dem
cratlc party In its National platform
takes the same position that. Atkinson,
of Boston, takes, then we will be
beaten out of slrht In this state, and
I believe in the Nation. All this
tnllc abont an imperialistic
Harty In the United State Is
niniply rot. ... I hope before
the National convention meets that
the wor in tho Philippines will have
dosed, and we can then declare In
favor of giving to tho people of these
Islands the largest liberty and self
government nnder the supervi
sion and control of the people
of the United States."
oca ---
plan, and would permit in its place a
despotic monarchy, should the people be
Insufficiently Informed to resist the will
of those now attempting to perpetuate
themselves in power in the islands. Then
it becomes the moral obligation and the
natural duty of the United States, under,
the law of nations, as stated by Vattel,
by Kent, and by our own Chief Justice
Marshall, to establish a government over
such people. To fail In tnls duty now
would be to confess ourselves dishonored
among the nations of the world and show
that the American Republic failed to
trust itself to discharge this obligation
imposed upon it by the laws of war.
"To my mind, independently of the
question of benefit or loss, this higher
duty devolves upon us and obliterates
every question of party or partisan cen
sorship In the policy being pursued by the
National Administration to suppress the
rebellion in the Phllippnes.
"When Agulnaldo fired upon the flag of
our Nation, he became its open foe. and
tho American people would tolerate -no
policy that did not maintain the self-respect
of the Nation."
Ronald's Strong: Vleivs.
On July 20, 1S9S, J. T. Ronald, Congres
sional candidate, .made an address before
the local Methodist preachers on the
question of expansion. He declared,
among other things, that the United
States was standing e parting of the
wars, and that she was looking up at the
OREGOKIAN, PORTLAND,
-Tinr n i mnn in i m
signboard on which was written the mo-mentdiis-
wdrds, "fiesliny or Death." The
evident destiny 6f the country was, he
said, to hold arid develop all the islands
that wfir seized as" a qlrctimstance of the
war" with gpain, and that In so doing this
c6uiitry wduld emerge irdffi its historical
isolation and become a factor in interna
tional affairs. 1ft advocating jexpansion
he contrasted the efttiservatlve and lib
eral policies which have existed in the
country since the foundation of the Gov
ernment, and quoted from" history to show
that the United States had invariably
been the gainer by the acquisition of new
territory, and yet each flew acquisition
had been stubbornly apposed. Ho argued
from the famous assertion ot Macaulay
that this country had more to fear from
internal eSfruptidri than it had to- fear
ffofii the extension of its limits. . . .
We afg.- he said, dii the eVe of a new
ra 6f territerial expansion and increase
bt ptiwor and pfestige, find we must re
spond id it, 6f dwindle away and die.
Exausiofii4t io the Gore.
Judge fiich&rd wliiser candidate for
the' Supreme Bench, Blade an address be
fore the Dewey Club, Seattle, on Decem
ber 4, 1S99, In which he declared:
V'l am not an imperialist. I am Demo
cratic to the core, 1 believe in govern
ment by all the people, not by a few. The
dav -that the Senate ratified the treaty
with Spain th Philippines became a part
of th tfnited States, id be governed, not
by the will of a few; but by the will of all
the people. t
"All the arguments of ahti-expansion
are fallacies. The" Government of the
United States is a Government of all the
people, or will be In time, and Congress
is, or will be when a better order, comes,
only the mouthpiece of all the people.
Tho Filipinos will govern themselves,
either as a state or a territory, or they
will have only themselves to blame.
Never has the United States acquired, a
foot of territory in which the right of
self-government wag not freely extended
to the Inhabitants; The 'consent of tne
governed' is a fallacy."
Judge "William H. White, .also candidate
for the Supreme Court (short term), had
frequently declared himself an expansion
ist, during and following the battle of
Manila Bay, but on May 4, 1000, he re
canted. His Party All Wrong.
The following Interview was sent by the
Associated Press all over the country on
December 18, 1S99:
"Chicago, Decl 18. 'The Democratic
party must be a progressive party, and
not a party of mere obstruction. If it
would retain the confidence .of the people
of this country,' said Congressman James
Hamilton Lewis, of Washington, at the
Auditorium Annex today. Together with
Mrs. Lewis, the Congressman is on his
way to the capital.
" 'I am a Democrat,' he continued, 'but
I do not feel I can act with my party
If it places itself in opposition to the pol
cy of expansion upon which this country
has embarked. But I do not believe a
majority of the Democrats of the House
can be whipped Into line to oppose this
policy.
" The ?20,000,000 payment clause In tho
peace treaty I do not favor, but I do not
consider that is sufficient reason for op
posing the whole instrument, which I be
lieve Will be ratified.' "
Joint Campfire Gathering-.
Arrangements have been completed for a
joint campfire gathering of all the G. A.
R. posts of the city under the auspices of
George "Wright and Lincoln-Garfield
posts. These latter posts had been talk
ing about separate campfires, but" after
I conferfenco it was decided that It would
be better to have a Joint than separate
one?. Accordingly joint committees were
appointed some time ago, and it was de
cided to hold the campfire m Friday even
ing, October 19, at which time all the
G. A. R. posts will participate. G. E.
Caukln Is the general chairman, and he
will make the opening address on the part
of the George Wright and Lincoln-Garfield
posts, and Professor M. L. Pratt, of
Sumner post, will make tho response.
Then there will follow short talks from
speakers selected from all the posts, be
sides there will be some other exercises
of an Interesting nature. "When the old
soldiers come together thoy always have
a good time, and wind up with hard tack,
hot coffee and baked beans. Interspersed
with reminiscences. There are no re
strictions to the speechesj except they
are to be shorthand politics and religion
aro generally to be avoided.
Golf Contest.
Tho knockout golf competition Is
proceeding briskly on Sellwood links,
and In a week or two the Issues will
be trought down to the finals. Dur
ing the week among tho men Young won
from Minor, Wright from Dr. Jones,
W. M. Ladd from N. E. Ayer, Gifford
from Whldden and Tronson from Futch
er. Among the ladles Miss Flanders won
from Miss King, Mrs. W. B. Ayer from
Mre. "Good, Mrs. N. E. Ayer from Miss
Myrlck and Miss Lewis from Mrs. Alvord.
No trophies have yet been put up for
regular competitions and, It Is hoped some
of the members will be generously mind
ed before tho season Is much older. An
other story has been added to the men's
locker' room to .accommodate the largely
incroased membership and there Is a very
general demand for more room for dining
and sitting-room purposes. Quite a num
ber of visitors from interior towns have
been on tho links- lately and have taken
advantage of 'the opportunity to take les
sons from the club's professional, Mr.
Moffat. The influence of his teaching is
very" -perceptible in the Improved style
generally of nearly all the players.
Improvement of Stark Street.
Stark street between Fourth and Fifth,
Is being paved with vitrified brick, laid on
a macadam foundation. This makes four
blocks of Stark street which have beeit
newly 'paved this Fall, and together with
the new brick buildings which have su
perceded frame structures, it makes a
great improvement in the appearance of
that thoroughfare. The inspector of
pavements thinks the brick should have
been laid on a cement foundation, how
ever, to give the most satisfactory re
sults 4n the long run. The macadam is
smoothed with a, heavy roller before the
brck are laid, but it is impossible to
provide against depressions, which will
in time appear.
Why We Are Popular.
Washington Post.
The anxiety of European powers to be
"chummy' with this country generally
seems strongest when they have a fight
pn hand, ' ' v
OCTOBER 7a . 1900-
FIRST WEEK'S SHIPMENTS
OCTOBER GRAIN FLEET liJAKES A
SATISFACTORY STARTS
Over Half a Million Busaela
Wheat and Flour Cleared Since
Laat Monday Marine- Notes
of
The British ship Marathon cleared .yes
terday for Queenstown or Falmouth" for
orders with 117.495 bushels of wheat, val
ued at $66,000. The vessel 'was dlspatche J I
... .-. rn.f1n., E'lnnrlnir TWUIs ComoanV.
and will leave down the river this morn
ing. The wheat and flour shipments for
the first week in August foot up to quite
satisfactory totals. Since last Monday
three ships have cleared, with 311.S67
bushel3 of wheat, and the Eva cleared
with 52,000 barrels of flour, the -total (flour
Included as wheat) amounting to 545,000
bushels. The Eva, which sheered out of
the channel near Reeders on the way
down, arrived at Astoria yesterday, and
will cross out today or tomorrow.
The Elisa, which left down Friday
morning, drawing more water than the
steamer, went through without delay and
without touching, arriving at Astoria yes
terday forenoon. The fleet in the river
was increased yesterday by the arrival
of the German ship Philadelphia, from
Honolulu. The Philadelphia sailed from
the Islands the same day as the Dech
mont, and accordingly sailed a tolerably
even race with her. The Osterbek left up
from Astoria yesterday afternoon, and
will reach Portland some time today.
UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT
United States Shipping: Company to
Operate Many Steamship Lines.
NEW YORK, Oct. 6. From most reli
able sources it has, been learned that an
arrangement has been entered into by the
railroads and steamship lines running to
and operating from Newport News and
Norfolk whereby the foreign traffic of
general cargoes from those ports, with
the exception of full cargoes of gram and
coal, has been placed under one man
agement, and that the United States Ship
ping Company has become the agent in
control by this new arrangement. The
compact amounts practically to an amal
gamation of the foreign commerce of the
two Virginia ports.
By the terms of the agreement the
United Stages Shipping Conuany will here
after handle all the iorelgn traffic of the
Norfolk & Western Railroad, also the
Southern Railroad, from the ports named,
the Norfolk roads having given up con
trol of their separate lines. The United
States Shipping Company will continue Its
working agreement with the Chesapeake
& Ohio at Newport News. In addition to
the roads named, the Shipping Company
also has a working agreement with the
Seaboard Air Line and the Atlantic Coast
Lino at Norfolk.
A representative of the United States
Shipping Company said that the company
had become the agent for foreign traffic
under this amalgamation, and had work
ing agreements with the railroads men
tioned. He also,. said that the United
States Shipping Company had decided to
increase the sailings of the following
steamship lines:
The Union Line to Hamburg, the Don
aldson, Line to Glasgow, the Holland
American Line to Rotterdam and Am
sterdam, the Lord Line to Belfast and
Dublin, and the Phoenix Line to Antwerp.
The practical union of the foreign traf
fic of Newport News and Norfolk calls
to mind the receipt arrangement entered
Into by the railroads running between
Buffalo and New York. As pointed out
at the time of Its announcement, this
railroad grain pool absolutely abolishes all
New York competition, except to the ex
tent that the Erie Canal may be called
a competitor. The amalgamation of the
foreign traffic of the two Virginia ports
is another striking illustration of the
elimination of competition between rail
roads, and In this Instance steamship lines
as well, and the outcome of both arrange
ments will no doubt be watched with a
great deal of Interest.
LAKE STEAMERS GO COASTWISE.
New Field for Inland Steamers in
Winter Season.
BUFFALO, Oct. 6. Some vessel-owners
on the Great Lakes are making prepara
tions for coastwise business on the At
lantic Ocean, and as soon as Lake traffic
ceases, it is predicted there will be an
exodus of boats for the seacoast. It Is
reported here that there is a demand for
boats to carry cargoes of coal South from
Newport News and return with cotton.
The fact that business prospects are not
bright on the lakes, while the reverse
Is reported to be the condition on the
Atlantic, is the cause of this peculiar
situation. Last Winter a fleet of a dozen
boats made the venture and met with
success.
Steamships Collide.
NEW YORK, Oct. 6. The Morgan line
steamer Elmonte, which arrived today
from New Orleans, reports having been
in collision with the British steamer Rap
pahannock," bound from Liverpool for
Newport News. The collision occurred
yesterday in latitude 37:40, longitude 74:33.
A "dense fog prevailed at the time.
Elmonte had her bow stove In and some
plates on the starboard bow showed a
deep Indentation, and the sail was hang
nig across the bow to prevent the water
coming in.
Nothing was learned as to the damage
to the Rappahannock. After the collis
ion she steamed westward toward Cape
Henry and the Elmonte proceeded on her
course.
American Collier Raised.
PORT SAID, Oct. 6. The American
steam collier Emler, which recently sank
in the Suez Canal, while on her way to
Manila with coal for the American fleet,
has been floated, and the canal Is now
freely open to traffic.
.
Steamer Jennie Saved.
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 6. The steam
er Jeanle, which went ashore near Point
Arena a week ago, while on her way to
Alaska, was floated today, and Is being
towed to San Francisco. She Is not very
badly damaged.
The Anita Uninjured.
TILLAMOOK, Or., Oct. 6. The gaso
line schooner Anita, which went ashore
at Nestucca last Saturday, was floated
yesterday. She is uninjured, and has
taken on her cargo again.
Marine Notes.
The steamship Braemar left down for
Astoria yesterday noon. She was drawing
over 22 feet, and carried about 6000 tons
of cargo for Manila.
The steamer Del Norte is due from
San Francisco and way ports this morn
ing. The Elder and the Fulton arrived at
San Francisco yesterday.
The United States lighthouse-tender
Columbine has been at work replacing
buoys on the river. Chief Engineer Lord
left the ship yesterday, and will proceed
to Seattle to superintend the construction
of the new tender Heather, which will be
constructed at Moran BroB.' boatyard.
Domestic and Foreign Porta.
ASTORIA, Oct. 6. Arrived German
ship Philadelphia, from Honolulu. Ar
rived down At 11 A. M., German steam
ship Eva; at 11:20 A. M., Italian ship
Elisa. Left up at 2 P. M. German ship
Osterbek. Condition of bar at 5 P. M.,
smooth; wind, southeast; weather, clear.
San Francisco, Oct. 6. Sailed British
steamer Warfleld, for Chemalnus; bark
Tidal Wave, for Tacoma; ship Oriental,
for Seattle; schooner" Challenger, for Se
attle; schooner Lucy, for Umpqua;
a schooner LJly, for Umpqua; steamer
Progreso, for Tacoma; steamer Geo. W.
Elder, for Astoria; bark Edward May, for
Honolulu; steamer Titanla, for Nanalmo;
steamer Rival, for Wlllapa; steamer Ful
ton, for Astoria.
Seattle Arrived Oct. 5 Steamer Centen
nial, from Nome; steamer Dolphin, from
Skagway.
J x'cru u-amDie ouueu uci. u ouii oiiir
Nof Italy, for Port Pirie.
Port Townsend Arrived Oct. 5 Schoon
er George W. Watson, from Kahulul.
Port Gamble, Oct. 6. Arrived Schoon
er W. H. Talbot, from Port Blakeley;
schooner A"3mlral, from Port Townsend.
Seattle Sailed Oct. 5 Steamer Czarina,
fr Tacoma; Dutch steamer Wilhelmlna,
fo Tacoma; schooner A. M. Baxter, for
San Pedro. Sailed Oct. 6 Steamer Sen
ator, for Cape Nome.
Poif- Townsend, Oct. 6. Passed Schoon
er AoVnlral, for Port Gamble: steamer
Humboldt, for Skagway. Arrived Schoon
er J M." Weatherwax, f rem Honolulu.
NeW Ycrk. Oct. 6. Sailed Ems, for
Genoa.; Ethiopia, for Glasgow; Penna,
for Hamburg; Rotterdam, for Rotterdam;
Manltou, for London; Campania, for Liv
erpool. ' Genoa adled Oct. 4 Werra, for New
York.
Liverpool, Oct- 6. Sailed Lucania, for
New York.
Antwerp, Oct. (J Sailed Kingston, for
New York.
Havre, Oct. 6. Stated La Touralne, for
New York.
Hong Kong, Oct. 6. Arrived previously
China, from San Flranclsco, Honolulu
and Yokahama.
London, Oct. 6. Sailed .Minnehaha, for
New York.
New York, Oct. 6. Arrived Pretoria,
from Hamburg.
Queenstown, Oct 6. Arrival Urobria,
from New York for LIverpooL
AT THE HOTELS.
THE 'PORTLAND.
Maurice .Dreshfleld, IS H Lovewell. "WW
New York lIr & Mrs S Maxwell
E Matsh, Newark, NJJ Mclntyre, Phlla.
H if Meyers. Chicago
Li j acevnDerg, s j?
C w Armstrong. Mon-
M L AtvaVns, San Fr
trea
H. JUlsh. Son Francisco
C Schilling. San Fran
L B Forsyth, Toronto I
J T Hll, N X
E T SnJUh, Minn
M Wax, Crangevllle,
Idaho
Mlsa Btnnartt. Lowistn
S Goldsmith. Phlla
J M Doesburg, Milwk
C H Schlurtes. S F
T S Mlchelson. N Y
Jas L. Houston. San
Jose, Cal
W G SwalwH, Everett
A H K Jordan, do
A R Jacobs, Oresron C
C G Jacobs, do
A C Russell & wife.
Stockton. Cal
SB Cannell & w. S F
E R Haffelflnger. Phil
lThos McMullen, Daw
W O Young & w. S F
L H Vllhaucr. S F
son
O H Clark. Dawson
G "W Tackaberry. Lou
isville R R Bowles, Vancouvr
A J Gillette. do
R Smith. Perry, O
A J Agnew. Everett
S C Pier
Mrs Mary B Clayton,
Vancouver
Miss Clayton, do
John B Clayton & wf,
USA
fchas G Bertram, sf F
J P Neather. Chicago
W J Schurr, San Fran
Geo C Bowman, S F
E R Mills. N X
Joel Kinney. N Y
S A Eastans. B C
W B Rodjran, Helena
Columbia River Scenery.
Becnlator Line steamers, fnom Oak
street dock dally, except Sunday, 1 o'clock
A. M. The Doll cm, Hood River, Cas
cade Locks and return. Call on, or"fono
agent far further Information.
THE PERKINS.
M Kauteson. Astoria 'Henry H Bennlnff,
Mra Kauteson, do Qulncy, 111 ,
F C Gibson. Sari Fran c Henry. Astoria
W E Wakelee. Saa Fr Mrs C O Henry, do
C J Atwood, Salem W A Richards. St L
Mrs C J Atwood, do fitls Turner, Weston,
Miss Z Youns. city jMa-gan Ward, Lone
Miss Mabel Sheath. fo Rock
R H Barr, Bridal VelljJ -A- Williams, do
P M Hyman, Eugene i-K 34 Duncan, Gray's
T J Lundy. Pendleton I ValYey
C F WalUtt, San Fr lArchla Hunt. Spraffue
J C Kennedy, Skamok c M Hocue. Pendleton
Mrs J C Kennedy, do Mrs C M Hosue. do
N R Grate, Arllngtonl JV H Barchers, Athena.
P H Williams, Dalles r3 W H Borchers, do
V S Guthrie, Detroit. Chas Koy-se, Sprague
Mich J W MatXpck. Heppner
G R, Guthrie. do jE R Hancock, do
Miss jH Jtlalto, do iMrs Josephine Hennell
G Davis, Oakland, Cal Hartland, Wash
E Hofer, Salem W A Dana. N Y City
Mrs E Hofer. Salem iF L Paddoc. St Louis
H Kaufert. Forest Gr M A Leach. Lexington.
W H Porter. Cinclnn I Or
F Vaughn. Pendleton (Hugh Murray, Pyramid
Mrs F Vaurhn. do Harbor. Alaska.
I'ttm Mathernead.BurnslMrs H Murray, do
rf C Livens, Burns fVtoIa Murray, do
i.a iUcDanlels, CrlpplelMaricn .Murray, do
C a wniiams. 'st Pant
ureeic, uoio
fr "PT ff.T"l',,lilo .1 tC W fi"vrm CnaftTA
8 waidman. SanFr b w Hume, city
ir,-E Saie??. t lirP p A- Morrl3. New-
Robt Tracy, Warrentn berp. Or
Mrs Tracy, do ig w Hoime3. -Duiuth
riT JS SifM.,..
P Charlotte E Good- iMrs P .T Shorten. Asr-
man, Denver torla
S Marj E Bates,DenvrE C Smith, Astoria
THE IMPERIAL.
C. W. Knowles, Manager.
J M Daniels, Sprague II Losnn. The Dalles
F A Blondln, Dalles iC R Smead. Blalock
F V Drake, city r T Geer, Salem
P C Hetzler. Salem J C Bell. Asrtorla
U McDonald. Coqullle itt A Carter, Oregon Cy
Sldney Sladden, Chgo Mrs Carter. Oregon Cy
I Irs S B Eakln. Eu- Oeo Hagney, Canyon C
gene Mrs Hagney, do
GuBt Remington. MInnR L Kinney, C E, D G
Phil T Megaarden. do j R R
C T Fariss, Bandon IG N Remington. Minn
Peter Logglc. MnrshlldMIs Magee, Cal
tamesF Hall, do IR Logan. The Dalles
C S Moore, Salem D W Stuart. San Fran
F I Dunbar. Salem Robt Lafayette. Big
S C Armstrong. Colfax Salmon
John Meller, Seattle D N King. Tacoma
F W Kronenberg. Mrs King, Tacoma
Nome F Lelnenweber. Astoria.
J" G Center, W W jMrs Lelnenweber. do
L B Ayers. Wlnlock YD M Miller. Perry. Pa
Mrs Ayers. WAnlock F Jewell. Chicago
,T E Mooro. Spokane IE Mayer, N T
T J Driver, The DallslFIorence Stevenson.
Mrs W J Mitchell. S FJ Nez Perces, Idaho
F F Porter, San Fran i
Hotel Brtmiivrick, Seattle,
European); first-class. Rates, 75c and up.
One block from depot. Restaurant noxt
door.
iTncoma Hotel. Tncomn.
American plan. Rates, $3 and up.
Donnelly Hotel, Tacoma.
European plan. Rates, 50c and up.
British Columbia's display of ores took
the gold medal at the Spokane exposi
tion. The "Knabe" piano Wiley B. Allen Co.
LOOK H
n5 $5
ARE YOU ONE OF THEM?
If so, write to old Dr. KES5LER today. Don't you know?
613 MEN WANTED
There are all over this county old, young and middle-aged men suffer
ing from the effects of bad habits when boys. Hundreds caught private
diseases, -which have never been properly cured. Such men are unfit for
marriage or business, and if they let this disease continue thejr will break
out with pimples or sores, sometimes rheumatism, heart disease, paralysis,
dizziness, stomach trouble will follow. They go to sleep sometimes whiie
reading or resting. PRIVATE DISEASE, if not CORED properly, will run
Into stricture, gleet, prostalltus, catarrh of bladaer and kidneys, and that
awful disease called chancres and bubois. that have ruined so many young
men for life. DR. KES&KER. at the old St. Louis Dispensary has been
doctoring these cases right In Portland for many years. He also cures
tumors wens, warty growths, old sores, cancers, all kinds diseases of nose,
throat 'or liver, or any kidney or bowel trouble. Call and see the tape
worms they have taken from persons some 25 feet long.
Rheumatism. Piles, Neuralgia. Headachy Indigestion Dyspepsi.a. Itch
lnsr Skin Diseases and that AWFUL.E3T OF ALL. DISEIASES, Syphilis
(Pox), GonorrmTa. he cures QUICK WITHOUT ANY CUTTING rils private
offlce Is filled with pictures of these awful diseases. This old doctor can
refer to prominent business men. lawyers, ministers, professors, etc, as
to his honesty. EVERYTHING PRIVATE.
When you go to see him he sees you In private rooms. V hen you write
him. only the doctor reads your letter. W hen you go to consult this doc
tor take a small bottle urine (made the previous morning) with you. If
writing, send it by express or mall. Address
J. HENRI KESSLER, ML D.,
ST. LOUIS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DISPENSARY
23H YAMHILL ST., PORTLAND, OR.
BIG MOUNTAIN BORE
GREAT NORTHERN'S TUNNEL
THROUGH CASCADE RANGE.
End of the Picturesque Svrltchbaclc,
"Which Consumed Uoo Much
Time and Power.
Nearly a year ago the. Great Northern
Railway got out a pamphlet on the scenic
beauties of its Cascade switchback. At
that time 3000 feet of the tunnel remained
to be excavated. This, it was saia,
would be completed by the end of Sep
tember. On the 23th of last month day
light was let through the big bore, and It
was announced that trains would pass
through In 46", days. The tunnel is 13,153
feet long jdst 63 feet more 'dian 2& mllas.
It3 cost is about $4,000,000.
Work; at excavating the tunnel was be
gun In January. 1S97, since which time
about SCO men have been employed on It.
They cut the tunnel from both end3 at
once, and the progress through the solid
rock averaged about elgftt feet for every
working day for eaui- gang of workmen.
It therefore required 50 men one working
day to cut one foot oC tunnel. Most of
the work was done by machinery. Thirty-two
rock drllfis driven by compressed
air were used to bore, holes In the rock
at the end of the workings. A charge
of dynamite was then inserted and tired,
and the resulting block of granite were
broken into small: pieces and delivered by
electric cars at tho outer end of the tun
nel, where it was crushed and. mixed with
sand and cement for the concrete lining
of the tunnel foar fet thick. The com
pleted tunnel is .23 feet tall and 16 feet
wide. Electric locomotives will be used
to haul trains through the tunnel so there
will be no annoyance from, smoke ana
gas.
The distance toba traveled by trains lit
crossing the range through the tunnel 13
12 miles less than over the switchback,
and the saving in time will be one hour.
The, east end of the tunnel Is 3375 feet
above the sea, and the west portal 250
feet lower, giving a descent of about 100
feet to the mile, or less than 2 per cent.
The roof of the tunnel is, in Its thickest
spot. 5350 feet thick of solid granite.
The range is crossed by means of a
"switdhback." which will be used until
the tunnel shall be ready for trains.
This "switchback" consists of four
legs on the west side with grades of 4
per cent, and three legs on tho east side
with grades of 3 per cent. The sum
mit of Stevens Pass "is 652 feet above the
east portal of the tunnel and 4027 feet
above the sea. Tho Great Northern
crosses tho Rockies at an altitude of 5202
feet. The tunnel was designed and built
under the supervision of Chief Engineer
John F. Stevens, of the Great Northern.
After two gangs of laborers had been
drilling and blasting toward each other
from two sides of tho mountain range for
nearly three years, when they came to
gether It was found that the difference In
alignment was only about one-fourth of
an Inch, while the error In the grade was
about 5 Inches. Trains are expected to
pass through the tunnel about the middle
of November.
The Oldest and Best
S. S. S. is a combination of roots,
and herbs of great curative powers
and when, taken into the circulation
searches otrt and removes all manner
of poisons from the blood, without
the least shock or harm to the system.
On the contrary, the general health.
i rorins to imnnwe from the first dose.
. .. .. . .,
! for S. S. S. isnotonly a blood punher
but an excellent tonic, and strcngth-
""u , , .,- .! ... .
ens and builds up the constitution
while purring the blood of impuri-
while purging the blood, ot impuri
ties. S. S. S. cures all diseases of a
blood poison origin, Cancer, Scrofula,
Rheumatism, Chronic Sores and
Ulcers, Eczema, Psoriasis, Salt
Rheum, Herpes and similar troubles,
and is an infallible cure and the only
antidote for that most horrible disease,.
Contagious Blood Poison.
A record of nearly fifty years of
successful cures is a record to be proud
of. S. S. S. is more popular today
than ever. It numbers its- friends by
the thousands. Our medical corres
pondence is larger than ever in the
history of the medicine. Many write
to thank us for the great good S. S. S.
has done them, while others are seek
ing advice about their cases. All
letters receive prompt and careful
attention. Our physicians have made
a life-long study of Blood and Skin Dis
eases, and better understand such cases
than the ordinary practitioner who
makes a specialty of no one disease.
we are aotng greac
good to suffering
humanity through
our consulting de
partment, and invite
you to -write us if you have any blood
or skin trouble. We make no charge
whatever for this service.
THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO.. ATLANTA QA.
A