the Sunday OKEGoyiAsr, pctrtlaiki), 'AtJGtr&r 12, '1900.
15
IQNEER MINISTERS OF OREGON
Of "Sterling Character and Conspicuous in Good Works, They
Helped4.ay the Basis for a Broad Civilization and
Aided in Upbuilding an Empire.
The wrfer cannot but consider it a. spe
cial coir.Umect to be asked by The Ore
gonlan to contribute lor its columns an
artic? on the subject, "The Pioneer Min
isters of Oregon." "He believes that paper
to re conscientiously endeavoring to fully
cvsertaln and fairly record the truth of
"Uistory concerning the great Northwest;
and, -without prejudice or partiality, to
render honor to whom honor Is due, for
ithe parts they bore in giving thape to
tthe forms of society that have made Ore
gon unique even among the royal sister
hood of the PacIHc States. The Oregonlan
itself has been no lnrignlflcant factor In
molding tne somewhat Incoherence of the
"td Oregon" life into the coherent and
saTZ state of the present. In doing that.
It has come long .since to be accepted
teverywher as both the product and the
type of tie best forms of Oregon life,
character and intelligence. Therefore
iboth because of the theme on which he
3s to write and the medium through
which, wiat he is to say is to go forth to
the wor'd. the writer gratefully accepts
the compliment implied in the Invitation
lie 1 as received,
litre, .however, his pen hesitates. One
who knows less than he about the char
sacters tnd events that must needs enter
2nto f2 discusa'on of his theme, might
and prpbably would write more glibly and
IPerhnjs more dogmatically, If not more
-romantically, than will he. The theme
Is ouij for a Volume, but this considera
tion jt it m,ust be compressed to the brief
spac of a, column or two.
Ors:on' Early Ministry.
Then the writer hesitates the more, lest
y he should not be able to sink the ecclesi
astic m the historian or to rise beyond
sects and preferences and Initlmate per
Boar f friendship, into Judicial fairness of
personal estimate and collective work. But
hf will try.
Some years ago I was enjoying the hos
pitality of a very cultivated and splen
did home In the capital or Idaho. My
".host was an Oregon pioneer of 1S52, and
since mat time had shared the friendship
and confidence of business and profes
sional men In all the departments of so
ciety in the Northwest In no common de
cree. His intimate association had been
wlth the men of largest business, with
Sawyers and statesmen, with doctors and
divines. Indeed, few men on the Coast
have been more widely known, or more
respected for solid judgment and worthy
character than he
As our conversation naturally turned to
"pioneer times and people, ho remarked
lln substance;
"'No American frontier ever had such
a. number of able and even great men in
its pioneer ministry as Oregon, and they
did very much to stamp tho society of this
.Northwest with Its very best characteris
tics This man had never been a church
member, but lie was a careful and able
observer of men and things, and had had
exceptional opportunities to known where
of he spoke.
Not Tar from the saxie time, a lawver
of relable judgment and character asked
me to a seat by his side in a railroad car,
as we were leaving the station in Port
land, and ra'd:
"1 have been desiring a little talk with
vou, and am glad of this opportunity. I
want to toll you something. You know
the neighborhood where I was brought
up, and -vou know that poor community
gave to Oregon four or five successful and
honorable lawyers, bjsldcs ssvcial of the
ahlcst literary characters in the North
west; -but perhaps you don't know what
gave these people their impulse and In-spira-tlcn
in the beginning, and I want to
le'.l you. It was the old 'circuit riders."
"tthri visited that region In the 'forties
aol the "fifties.'
Enrly Circuit Riders.
"They preached in our schoolhouses; sat
at our tables, visited In our chimney cor-
1 ners, talked education and religion to the
j fcoys and girls, held great camp meetings.
W'cc their masterly oratory Impressed
ithe minds of old and young, so that It
was the talk for months following. Our
parents held them before us as mcdel3
and example, ard it was the Influence
of those old intellectual and moral giants
that started these youncr men. who have
become tho Judges and Congressmen and
editors of today, on their careers of suc
cess." My friend named perhaps a dozen of
phe now departed pioneer ministers, with
3 some who yet linger, in age and feeble-
3icFs. among us, and repeated:
J.ncce are the men to whom Oregon
owes its largest debt of gratitude for its
j intellectual and moral development and.
I strength"
I use the;e two incidents, after the
! manner of preachers, as a text from
which my discourse Is to proceed. The
irst named of these two gentlemen is
yet fixing, now touching 70 years of asre:
Ithe other, soon after our conversation.
lied, an honored and trusted member of
Ithe legal fraternity In Oregon.
Tho deep foundations of Orecon civll-
lization were laid by the pioneer mlnis-
gtry, under the highest motives and with
pio most chivalrlc and self-abnegating de
votion, aney were not Onlv nrescnt at
the beginning of the true Oregon history,
but they themselves were its beelnninir.
phey were already men of mark and
istandlng when they entered upon the
creat worK wnose results are tho Oregon
rtf today. They came here under the
Ilrect sanction and appointment of the
Kreat missionary societies of the United
ites.
They were not of the restless, medio
cre class of tho ministry in the East,
seekZng lor a place and chance anvwhere
to r!y the trade of an ecclesiastic, but
hcv were men who had already achieved
rcfesslonal and personal standing in the
frs and villages and rural districts
pf the eld states, and thus had commend-
i themselves to tho missionary authori
ties of the great churches, as entirely ad
equate to the demands of the vast field
;e knw how vast that was just open-
pg on the trans-mountain slope.
Some Types.
It Is only needful that I write, almost
j.t ranuim, a score of names that can
I'anJ 2s types of the general character
pj ability of the pioneer ministry of
regon for more than a quarter of a
Icr.tury after 1SS4, to demonstrate the
Sruth of this remark. The names are
liven, regardless of church affiliation.
rmcwr.at in the order of their coming
mis neia of work. To begin at the
-ning.
Ti:;e Jason Lee, raniel Lee. H. H.
ipaua"ng. David Leslie, Cushing Eells.
Wa'.Ker. A. F. Waller. Gustavus
r.ces, Ilarvey Clark. G. H. Atkinson.
lam Roberts. Horace Lyman. J. H.
ircbur. E. R. Geary. H. Johnson. T. H.
jearae. Bishop Scott. F. S. Hoyt, I. Dll-
t, !. rs. Bianchet. x. Doane and A.
Undsley, as representing a larger
r-mber I may not attempt to name.
;t nho were the peers and associates
PA confidants of these, as types of them
The quarter of a hundred whose
sos are above recorded, bv natural
i " ty, by educational and literarv ar.
Ilrments, by lofty personal character.
iui inosc fjuauues tnat ut men for
it place and great deeds In the world.
.a not suiter m a comparison with
Charter of a hundred of any profes-
n who were their contemporaries and
isodaies in the pioneer history of Or-
-r zs. can never be written out of the
sUryjef the Northwest, that these xaca
were first! First In time and first in
power to forecast and determine what
was to be the country into which they
entered, as the original pathbreakers of
empire.
He who falls to write this Into his his
tory. In words too plain to be misread
or misinterpreted, fails In truth, in fact
and in justice to the memory of those
who -are worthy of unfading fame, as
the real founders of our Pacific empire.
Who could imagine what tho Oregon of
1500 would be, if the work the plone;r
ministers, from 1S34 for the next 30 years,
did, could be subtracted from Its history?
Their Controlling Influence.
One cannot now enter at great length
into a discussion .of tho controlling in
fluence of these men on the earliest civic
history of Oregon. Still, it is impossible
not to refer to It.
Coming as missionaries to tho Indian
tribes, they saw at once that the tribes
were fated to an early extinction, and
that the magnificent country their small
clans occupied would become the theater
of civilized life, as soon as Its real great
ness and excellence became extensively
known to tho people of the Atlantic
Coast. ,
They established their missions, lo
cally, with a clear -view to what they
foresaw was to be. In the very spot that
it was evident to them a creative Provi
dence had designed as the seat of the
controlling civilization that they fore
saw was to bo on the Pacific slope, in
the ages to come. They made their sta
tions the nuclei around which they In
vested the American sentiment and im
pulse that grew up in the country, for the
fashioning decade that followed 1834.
They were the active Insplrers and or
ganizers of those influences and com
binations that resulted, before that de
cade had passed, in the organization of
the famed "Provisional Government"
one of the wisest and most patriotic
movements that ever illustrated Ameri
can statesmanship. When, on May 5,
1S43. the resolution to organize such a
government, at once, by what will be
historically remembered as the Primary
Assembly of the people of the hitherto
unorganized and lawless territory, was
passed, the first full fruitage of the work
of the earliest pioneers of Oregon was
gathered.
History can never write their praise
In phrase as thrilling and patriotic as
were the deeds they wrought in this be
half. While it is by no means claimed
that all that was done for the American-'
Izing of Oregon, which was practically
secured, when the action of May 5. 1843.
was taken, is to be credited to the pioneer
ministers of Oregon, yet they were by
far the most forceful, earnest and ca
pable leaders of the public mind against
the efforts of all who were adverse, for
any reason, to that step. And the his
toric significance of this act of theirs
will appear, when we state that the great
emigration of 1813 had not started a
wheel west of the Missouri River, when
the people of Oregon, under the advice
and Influence of thedr pioneer ministers,
had Instituted a government, with or
ganic law. and statutes, with officers to
enforce them, which would be ready to
receive and protect them when, six
months later, they should reach the
plains of the Willamette. This part of
pioneer history certainly deserves a moro
special recognition than it has ordi
narily received.
Early Educational Institutions.
The educational institutions of Oregon
have largely been the creation of the
pioneer ministers. This is a fact so pa
tent that it needs scarcely more than
mention. They were themselves educated
men. Not all were college graduates,
though many of them were. Yet they
were educated In the best and strongest
sense, and all were devoted, by the very
training of their profession, to the work
of education among the people. They
were not alone the agents by which the
gifts and labors of others were gathered
and utilized for the erection and support
of those Institutions which, for so many
years, afforded the only opportunity our
people had for any education of their
children, beyond the most rustic primary
training: but they largely gave the very
means necessary for the erection of all
the early academies, or other schools of
higher learning, and did much of the
teaching in them. There never would
have been a Willamette, or Pacific Uni
versity, or MeMlnnville College, or a sin
gle one of the dozen or more smaller In
stitutions of learning that illumed the
Willamette Valley, when that Valley held
literally all there was of civilization west J
of the Kocky Mountains, without them.
To name these Institutions Is to eulogize
the pioneer ministry of the Pacific North
west. When we come to consider the personal
characteristics of the pioneer ministers
and by this term I mean those who en
tered the corntry as early, at least, as
1EP5 we enter a field of peculiar Interest,
but which cannot be well traversed in
this article. A few general remarks only
can be made.
Physically, they were a strong, robust,
healthy race. Many of them were men
of large stature. Such was Jason Lee,
A. F. Waller. G. Hines, E. Walker. E.
R. Geary. G. H. Atkinson, J. H. Wilbur,
T. H. Pearne and others. Those whose
physical stature was not the equal of
these were solid, compact, of vigorous
health, and capable of great endurance.
Their calling here made strength and
endurance needful to success. No coun
try was ever more difficult to travel In
than was the early Oregon. The modes
of travel were most laborious. The canoe
on the rapid rivers, or the packhorse on
the mountain trails, were the ordinary
methods of transportation almost. In
deed, the only methods. The journey of
the Lees the earliest of the class as,
Indeed, of all who entered the country
until later than US55, were mostly per
formed In that way.
How They Lived.
Their caravansaries were largely the
shelter of tho rocky bluff, or the shadow
of the spreading fir: their food, the simple
roast of venison or salmon, before the
campfire. Their couch by night was the
blanket or the bearskin, as they wan
dered far and long to find the lost for
whom they lived and labored. The prai
ries of the Valley of the Mississippi, the
wildernesses of the Ohio, and of the Alle
ghenles offered to their pioneers rosy
paths, compared to those the Cascade
Mountains or the dense wilderness of
Puget Sound offered to the same class
of men on this Coast. It was equal to all
of them, .of whatever denomination and
of all grades of culture. The few that
remain among us today who can legiti
mately be counted as of the pioneer min
isters of Oregon, understand what is
meant by these general statements, but I
cannot here particularize.
In closing, let us turn back to the list
of names that was given at the beginning
of this article, as those of types of the
entire pioneer ministry of tho North
west. Then, to some, whose memory It
is fitting to pay a little more special tri
bute than appears In the mere announce
ment of their names. It was my pleasure
to have a somewhat intimate acquaint
ance with nearly all of them, and I wish
to pecord my estimate of their character
and work, and the general Influence of
their lives on Oregon history. These
were, mostly, not of my own denomina
tion. One of my well-known friends In early
Oregon life was George H. Atkinson. He
was a Congregatlonallst, and, I think,
quite an ideal Congregational minister.
But he was largely more than that. A
man of good natural abilities, "he was
finely educated in the schools! and full
of resources for all intellectual and social
and' civic life. His application to his
work was intense and continued. He was
not loud, boastful or sensational, but he
was solid, reasonable and conservative.
Whoever else among the pioneer minis
ters of this Coast is worthy of special
mention and memory, it is the opinion
that I formed, from a rather Intimate
acquaintance that lasted from 1S52 until
his death, that, from his own church anu
from the general public, as a pioneer min
ister, as a founder of educational inter
ests, and as a true citizen, with the in
stincts and patriotism of a real states
man, G. H. Atkinson ranked -among the
foremost of the civilization-builders of
this Coast.
Tvro Others.
There are two names among the pioneer
ministers of the Presbyterian Church
that seem to me to have been most large
ly typical of the best forms of that nobis
brotherhood, namely: E. E, Geary and
A. L. Lindsley. They were unlike each
other, but each, in his own place and
among his "brethren "primus interpares,"
Geary was the more of a publicist. Often,
at the call of what he deemed duty he
turned aside for a little into civic pur
suits, so that he must be studied in all
these relations, to understand his place
in the history he so grandly helped to
frame. These two men were both great
personal forces in early Oregon life, and
both left enduring remembrances and
monuments, in the religious, educational
and civic conditions of the Northwest.
Time and, space would fall me to extend
this list of special mention, and I am re
minded of the enumeration of the great
worthies of former times made by Paul
In his epistle to the Hebrews, when he
closes the glowing eulogy by saying o
them all: "Of whom the world was not
worthy."
So I close by saying, that to the pioneer
ministers of Oregon, the state owes Its
largest debt of gratitude and honor. They
were the first of all the builders of em
pire here. As men they were among the
noblest. As public benefactors they were
tho chlefest, leaving, if not marble
shafts and sculptured tombs, to perpet
uate their memory, halls of learning and
open temples of worship, and all that
crowns our civilization with glory as the
results of their lives.
As orators, they led the strains of elo
quent speech on all lofty platforms and
In all assemblies. As citizens, none have
been more patriotic, none more true to
country, in peace or In war.
".Let us honor the hero the old pioneer;
On his brow let a chaplet be laid."
H. K. HINES.
MONSTERS MADE TO ORDER
Chinese Transform Men Into Beauts
nnd Frlshtful Freaks.
From time to time the Chinese author
ities, by official proclamation, warn the
people of the country against child
thieves. In Europe, children are often
stolen by strolling mountebanks, who,
by a disjointing process, mako them sup
ple and expert. In China, monsters are
often made of them.
To transfer a man Into a beast would
at first seem to be impossible. It Is ac
complished, however, by the Chinese, to
whom nothing seems to bo unknown. The
skin is removed in small particles from
the entire surface of the body, and to
the bleeding part bits of the hide of liv
ing animals, bears and dogs usually are
applied. The operation requires years for
Its full accomplishment. After the person
has had his skin completely changed and
becomes a man-bear or a man-dog, he
is made mute to complete the Illusion,
and also to deprive him of the means
of Informing the public he is intended
to amuse of his long torture.
A Chinese journal, the Hupao, prints a
description of one of these human ani
mals exhibited in the Klangsi. His entire
body was. covered with dogskin. He stood
erect, although sometimes the feet are
so mutilated that the beast is forced to
walk on all fours, could utter articulate
sounds rise and sit down, in short,
make the gestures of any human being.
Could Write.
A Mandarin, who heard of this mon
strosity, had him brought to his palace,
where his hairy skin and bestial appear
ance caused quite as much terror as
surprise. Upon being asked if he was a
man, the creature replied with an affirm
ative nod. He also signified in the same
manner that he could write. A pencil
was given to him, but he could not use
it, his hands were so deformed. Ashes
were then placed on the ground in front
of him, when tho man-dog, leaning over,
traced in them five characters Indicating
his name and country.
Investigation showed that he had been
stolen. Imprisoned for years, and subject
ed to long tortures. His master, who was
condemned to death, testified during the
trial that barely one In five failed to
endure the process of skin-changing. He
practiced it according to a traditional and
doubtless old formula.
The Chinese have another still more
horrible method of monster-making. They
know how to graft a child on an adult
In Imitation of natural teratology. The
operation Is on tho same principle as that
of skin-grafting. The circulatory systems
aTe brought Into close contact by means
of deep wounds. According to a note of
Consul Cinattl, the Chinese are skillful
in performing such experiments on ani
mals. They delight in giving chickens
the feet of ducks, and In putting cocks'
combs on the heads of ducks.
MivUInsr Bnddhns.
Darkness alone, it seems, Is sufficient to
make a curious specimen of a child, es
pecially If a certain kind of food Is given
to it, and its vocal cords are made useless.
A living Buddha was made in this way,
and exhibited by the bonzes to their con
gregations. This child, after years passed
In absolute darkness, had become as
white as wax He had been obliged to
remain motionless In the posture of Bud
dha until his muscles had become rigid.
No one had ever spoken to him, and ho
had grown In his cellar as a fungus
would havo done. Brought out to the
light, this mute, blinking, living statue
was eagerlv worshiped by the credulous.
At Shanghai, shortly after the opening
of the port, there was on exhibition a
monster whose enormous head, with its
long hair and mustache, was that of a
person of 30. while the body was as small
as that of a child of 2. This marvelous
result had been obtained by placing the
victim, when a child. In a jar. from which
the head alone protruded. This grew ab
normally large, while the body remained
stationary In its narrow prison-house.
Wouldn't Give a Cent.
A Northwestern Senator has a daughter,
the youngest of three, whose sayings are
often repeated among her relatives. The
three girls were once preparing a pres
ent for a cousin who was about to be
married. The Senator, who was away
from home, promised them $2 each, and.
In tho meantime, their mother advanced
the money to buy the materials for the
present. The latter was worked by the
two larger girls and by them carried to
the bride.
When the invitations were issued, little
Daisy was included, but she considered
herself, in some degree, overlooked at the
wedding. So, when their father's letter
arrived, she refused to surrender any of
her money to pay for the wedding pres
ent. Her mother reasoned with her in
vain.
"No," said Daisy, "empty-handed I
went to the wedding, anu empty-stomached
I returned, and not one cent will
I give."
Query.
Is the law of comreniatlon accountable for
this?
That the lover who till arenisht used to stay
To court his girl should, after they've been
Joined in wedded bliss.
Invariably till midnight Eiay away?
Philadelphia Press. 1
WOMEN IN PIONEER DAYS
BRAVE PARTS THEY PLAYED HEHE
IN THE FORMATIVE ERA.
Patiently Bore Inolntlon and Priva
tion, Meeting All Trials With
Unbending Fortitude.
Having been asked to define or de
scribe "Woman's Station in Pioneer
Days." I intuitively, after the manner
of woman, respond: Woman's station in
pioneer days was that of the true wom
an in all times and conditions. Faithful
ness to duty, unselfish devotion to the In
terests of the family; loyal support of
patriotic and religious interests and prim
itive 'church institutions; prompt to an
swer the call of neighborhood needs,
ready, In brief, for the duty that
lay nearest. Woman filled her station
in tho pioneer era as she has filled it in
all eras of the world's progress, help
fully, cheerfully and with daily widening
purpose.
Coming down to detail, however, I find
the storehouse of memory full of Inci
dents that can readily be offered in sup
port of the assumption that woman's
place In pioneer life in what, in these
days, we term "state building" was one
of specific, as well as of general Im
portance. In evidence of woman's patri
otism and of her artistic, as well as ma
terial, manner of expressing it, in the
good old days, I recall the celebration of
the Fourth of July, at La Fayette, Yam
hill County, in 1S54.
Some weeks before, the women of tho
village, .under the leadership of Mrs. A.
R. Burbank, still, with her honored hus
band, a resident of that old pioneer
town, engaged to make a flag and pre
sent It, through the orator of the day,
the late Hon. Amory Holbrook, to the
Masonic lodge of that place.
A Pioneer Finer.
The beauty of the banner, as It was
given to the breeze, with eloquent, patri
otic and appreciative words, stirred the
latent spark of patriotism in tho hearts
of all present, and which kindled Into a
glow of entthuslasm. as the speaker con
cluded, that rent a shout in unison from
the lips of the motley little host. The
flag was a handsome one, and as fine a
muwiura coum nave uesireu. vvnemer sun
In the possession of the Masonic lodge
at La Fayette, I am unable to say, but
my Impression is that It was lost by fire,
with other effects of the lodge, some
years ago.
Following the oration and the presen
tation of the" flag, came an Invitation to
a public dinner. Rude, improvised tables
were" set in the grove: cherished linens
from grandmother's looms, that had been
brought by ox-team express across the
plains, covered the unsightly boards;
sprigs of flr and cedar, bouquets of holly
hocks and pinks, with now and then a
bunch of sweet "Mission roses" garnish
ed them and over all tho new old flag
floated.
The tables were laden with viands pre
pared by women who were adepts la
cookery, as well as in flag-making, and
table adornment. The patriotic feast
made a showing of woman's Industry,
skill, taste and hospitality that shines as
a bright memory picture through (46
Intervening years.
In pioneer times, as now, woman was
a silent element in politics, but then,
as now, individual women were strong
partisans and ready, upon occasion, to
give a reason for the faith that was
within, them not publicly, but with an
energy in neighborly discussions, and es
pecially when stirring to Influence the
"men folks" of their own families who
did the voting, that bespoke their deep
convictions of duty to the state.
It is recalled that when, in 1853, Gen
eral Joseph Lane and Hon. Alonzo A
Sumner were, in common parlance.
"stumping the Territory for Congress,
women became so imbued with the spirit
of partisanlsm which is often to this day
mistaken for patriotism, that they cour
ageously determined to attend tho speak
ing of the rival candidates, at the Court
house In La Fayette.
I speak of this town from personal
knowledge of it at the time, and submit,
on testimony readily obtainable, that It
was a representative community of a for
mative era In our state, though Its pres
ent sleepy, run-down appearance does not
support the statement. The flutter In
feminine circles was greater than that
proverbially ascribed to the organization
of a sewing society, or the getting up ol
a minister's donation party. The town
was canvassed to learn "who would gd,"
with results (in promises) quite satisfac
tory to the leading spirits of this feverish
desire on the part of women to "break
into politics," but, alas! when the mo
mentous occasion arrived, but two wom
en found courage to enter the old Court
bouse and take seats therein, and it is
recalled that, discovering these toward
the close of a violent political and person
al harangue, the gallant General Lane
apologized for any words unsuited to ears
polite that might have escaped nis iips
while In Ignorance of the presence of
"the ladles."
It may be added that an apology was
due. as politicians of this period were not
always as choice of words as decency
would dictate. It is claimed by those
who profess to have special knowledge
upon the subject that the intrusion, as
some would say the introduction, as oth
ers have It of women Into political gath
erings, which occurred to a greater or
less extent throughout Oregon Territory
In the campaign to which reference Is
made, inaugurated a system of political
discussion In which decency has never
since been forgotten in tho excitement
of political controversy.
Desire for Knowledge.
Of this your chronicler does not pre
sume In this place to speak, she being
content with recording the first public
Introduction, so far as she is aware, of
women into politics In Oregon, and with
adding that, though there was no ex
pression of a desire to vote heard among
Dioneer women, the sincerity of their de-
ksire for knowledge of political questions
then literally convulsing the infant terri
tory already upon the verge of state
hood, is unquestioned.
And when later the echoes of civil war
came booming across the continent, when
"flag-raising" became a feature of com-,
munity life, and appeal for sanitary sup
plies for the unready host called to the
defense of the Union followed, the women
of Oregon, true to their patriotic blood
and Impulses, responded with an energy
and readiness which proved that the iso
lation of pioneer life had not separated
them from the Nation's heart.
In the educational work of the pioneer
era woman's station was sharply defined.
Leaving the history" of the missions, In
which the names of Narclssa Whitman,
Mary A. Walker. Maria Pitman, Mrs.
Gray, Mrs. Spaulding and half a score of
others stand for good words and works
in their special lines. I will revert to the
work, as a pioneer in the founding of an
educational institution, of Mrs. Tabitha
Brown, who away back in the '40s opened
a boarding-school for children in Forest
Grove, which became the stepping-stone
to Pacific University. This woman's sta
tion In pioneer life Is one of honor, en
ergy and devotion to duty, as she saw it,
and to this extent she is a typical woman
of her era. Dying about 1SG0, at an ad
vanced age, her memory Is still honored
In the community cf which for many years
she was a leading factor, and by the in
stitution the corner-stone of which she
helped to lay. A eolaborer with Harvey
Clark, Horace- Lyman and S. H. Marsh,
she supplemented their endeavor in wom
an's ways, after having done yeoman's
service in foundation-building.
Later in the field, and working-in par
allel but totally dissimilar lines, was the
wife of Professor J. M. Keelerf who was
a social leader in the little academic town
of Fprest Grove in early days, as well as
preceptress of Tualatin Academy and su
pervisor of the home boarding-house, in
which the young girls of a primitive era
were taught table and society "manners."
Types of Educators.
These women are mentioned as types
merely of a class of early educators and
workers In the educational field, mem
bers of which came In with the estab
lishment of missions at Salem, and were
Increased by eachsuccessive Immigration
from the "states." The chronicler who
shaH gather these names, with an inci
dent In the life of each woman represent
ed by them, will be entitled to the grati
tude of posterity for preserving what
would else be the unwritten Wstory of a
formative age. Such recital will possess
the peculiar quatntness of folk-lore, the
illustrations of which are drawn from the
mystic plcturo gallery of memory a
chamber of daily dimming shadows.
.s.actors in tne drama of heroism,
women In pioneer life make a striking
presentment. Whether bidding good-bve
ahd godspeed to tho husband as he an
swered the call for volunteers to sup
press an Indian outbreak that threat
ened frontier homes: gouig out "to meet
the slow caravan of returning comrades
who bore her mutilated dead to her
door; feeding a 1and of Indians, sullen
and fierce, from her storehouse against
her husband's return from the field, the
menacing intruders sharpening their
knives upon the grindstone In the door-
yara m tho intervals of eating; or, un
der tho shadow of expected maternity,
creeping through bushes and down to the
waiting boat, closely followed by her
husband,..rlfle in hand, seeking safety in
tho blockhousethe pioneer woman is the
same heroic figure the same brave, en
during, uncomplaining personality.
I'm Bure we've seen no picture
In tho olumes anywhere
Of a tall, athetic woman. x '
With long and streaming hair,
Golnc out nsalnst the redskins,
'Tov save a fleelns- son,
.And with her strong hand grasping
Her husband's trusty gun.
Thus sang a local pioneer poet, tho son
of a pioneer mother, some years ago.
Yet a tragic talo of the border might
be thus truly illustrated. The husband
and eldest son were set upon and killed
by Indians while on the range. A young
er son, the shepherd boy, took alarm
and, fleeing toward home, pursued by the
savages, was met and escorted in safety
to the "inch-board shanty," where tho
heroic woman kept the foe at bay with
hor rifle, until succor came, as told by
th'ej. narrator in verse:
And there on guard we found them.
When four long days had fled,
Half-crazed with sleepless watching.
And sorrow for the dead. v
And still that faithful mother.
When we came, a saving band.
btooa by the open doorway,
"With tho rine In her hand.
Truly, borrowing from Macaulay, we
might say:
bf all the deeds of daring done,
In the gallant days of ore,
A braver feat of arms than this,
Was never seen berore.
Led in Hospitality.
Woman In pioneer times led the van. In
this connection, I recall, with a glow of
admiration and tenderness, the life of
Jono E., wife of Captain A. F. Hedges,
during the cream of pioneer years, resi
dents of Clackamas County. She was one
of the most thoroughly competent and
genuinely hospitable women whom I have
ever known. Married when very young
16 or thereabouts after the manner of
pioneer girls; the mother of 12 chi.dren,
energetic in community works, she yet
found time to entertain, hospitably and
feed royally every one "who came to the
door of her rambling, weather-beaten old
farmhouse, which stood, and still stands',
for wliat I know, on the hill a mile, east
of Oregon City. She died some two years
ago, but her memory will long be green
in the hearts of many who caught tho
contagion of her cheerful spirit and en
joyed the bounty of her hospitable home.
Contemporaneous with Mrs. Hedges, and
like her "given to hospitality," were her
sisters-in-law Martha A. and Reb:cca
Barlow. Both still survive, the former
being the gentle, genial mistress of the
commodious farmhouse near Barlow's
station, that has been her home for near
ly half a century.
I recall, In connection with the open
handed hospitality of these Barlow homen
the fact that, during a spasm, if it may
bo so termed, of religious fervor, lasting
perhaps two or three years, and includ
ing some half dozen families, the mu'ti
tude was veritably and substantially fed,
on alternate Sundays, after "service,"
from tables arranged around three sides
of the capacious farmyard barns. All who
attended "meeting" were Invited, at the
close of Brother McCarty's Impassioned
appeal to "repent, believe and be bap
tized," to go to the tables (services be.ng
also held In the barns), and "help them
selves." Four families, so far as my memory
serves, joined In this quaint combination
of the religious and the hospitable the
two already mentioned, a family named
Huffman, whose home was near Aurora,
and William Elliott and wife, of Elliott
Prairie. Recalling the scene, the amount
of food cooked and dispensed by these
hospitable folk upon .these occasions Im
presses me as having been enormous, and
yet the women, who were chief cookb
and caterers displayed an untiring zeal
in the welfaro of their numerous guests,
and a cheerfulness In serving them that
bore the stamp of hospitality of a type
that belonged exclusively to pioneer days
and has vanished with the "free dinner'
'seti out in the grove by patriotic women
on the. Fourth of July.
. ., Pioneer Farmers' Wives.
Patient tollers of pioneer days! What
shall I say of their lonely, isolated lives,
'into' 'which the coming of the chance or
expected-.visitor was an event; of the
lives of weariness that were effaced by
smiles of welcome; of the genuine Interest
displayed in the smallest scrap of news
from the world outside, as room was
made for another, or yet another plate at
table? Dear, faithful types of a vanished
era, may the blessings of the hungry, fed
royalty at your rude tables, and of the
weary for whom the "best bed'- was
cheerfully vacated, or the improvised
"shakedown" was carefully spread, bo
with you. wheresoever in God's great
universe you are, today!
Your- station in pioneer life was a low
ly one, but, ftillnv It with womanly devo
tion to duty, you cast around it the halo
of an abiding tendernpss ana surrounded
it with the Incense of the most tender and
gracious memory.
CATHARINE A. COBURN.
Ever the Same Are We.
'Tls far, far cry from the Minute Men
And times of the buff and blue
To the days of the withering- Jorgensen
The hands that hold It true.
"Tls far. far cry from Lexlneton
To tho Isles at the China sea,
But'pver the same, the man and the gun
Everthe same are we.
For the blood of the slwa at Bunker Hill,
1 Through countless fierce campaigns,
Is as red and easer In peril still
In the depths of tho children's veins.
And the heart and the eye support the hand,
No matter what edds there be
Ever the same, thy sons, O land.
Ever the same are we.
t
Not a "Valley Forge, nor a. Wilderness,
Nor a hall of a Cuban rceep.
Can take one Jot from our fearlessness.
Who daily thy honor keep.
We carry the flas" through varying scenes.
From the sign of the old pine tree
To the Stars and Stripes of the Philippines
Ever the same aro we.
And the lad with the fresh unshaded mouth
Fights as his fathers fought.
And the man from the North and the man from
the South.
Do 33 their fathers wrought.
And whether from city or town we coma
We answer the call with dee
We heroes upspring at the beat of the drum
Ever tho aamo are we.
Boston Transcript.
SHE ONCE LIVED
Thus Declares a Young Gcncvee, Whose Claim That She Was
Also Marie Antoinette and an Indian Princess Hfcs
Undergone Investigation.
The story of a woman now alive on
this earth, who pretends to have once
lived on the planet Mars, and, eenturtes
ago, to havo lived In India, is the thftme
of a strange volume just issued by Har
per & Brothers probably the most re
markable book in Its field that has ever
been written.
Tho scientist who wrote it would have
been burned as a sorcerer 200 years ago.
It could not have been issued 50 years
ago by such a man. The scientific author
would havo been completely discredited
if he had published It a quarter of a cen
tury ago. But today this remarkable ac
count of the medlumlstlc qualities of a
young girl Ijj Geneva, Switzerland, of her
reincarnation from an Indian Princess,
burned alive in H01, as well as from
Marie Antoinette, beheaded 1793 at the
Court of France, onto her splrltistle
journeyings to the planet Mars all ob
served and noted by Professor Flournoy.
professor of psychology at the Univer
sity of Geneva, during a period of seven
years makes a marvelous tale of inter
mingled romances, based on careful ob
servation. One should not make the mistake of be
lieving that "From India to the Planet
Mars" Is a book proving tho existence
of "spiritism" the presence of disem
bodied spirits on this earth who com
municate with their living friends. Such
it is not. Nor, indeed, is It a treatise
disproving the reality of spirits, or even
attempting to do so. It is a careful.
painstaking report of an extraordinary
medium, with certain practical conclu
sions. Professor Flournoy, the author,
sums up his view of the case by say
ing that he has two methods always In
mind
Ills Tiro Methods.
L All things are possible; that Is, do
not fear to believe or to consider certain
observed facts, no matter how strange
they may be. And 2. The weight of
evidence should be proportioned to the
strangeness of the facts; that is, when
you observe something, very remarkable,
that appears to break natural laws, ob
serve It carefully, but do not accept It
until the proof Is as remarkable, as clear
ly creditable as the observed fact is
strange.
It appears that there lives in Geneva
today a young woman who, for obvious
reasons, Professor Flournoy calls Mile.
Helena "Smith" a young woman supports
ing herself by her own energies as a clork
in a mercantile establishment a young
woman known to many famous scientists,
vouchsafed for b r them, an attractive,
well-bred girl of the people, perfectly
normal In all her life, except when she
Is in a hypnotic state.
In 1S03 M. Flournoy's attention was
called to this girl becauso of certain me
dlumlstlc qualities which she was said to
possess. Ho met her, talked with her.
became interested In her, and from that
day to the present time, ho haa
been present at her house, at
his own home, and elsewhere dur
ing a large number of seances, which
occurred sometimes dally, sometimes
seml-wcekly, but never separated by more
than a fortnight. Most of the qualities of
a medium were exhibited -by Mile Smith,
table-tlpplngs, table-rappings, communi
cations from so-called spirits, especially
from the spirit of a man who calls himself
Leopold, and who says he is Joseph Bal
samo, the famous Cagliostro. But all
this claptrap Professor Flournoy, while,
of course, taking account of, does not
find remarkable.
Three "Romances."
But and here is the great point tho
young girl has during these six years de
veloped three absolutely distinct "ro
mances," or cycles, which, like a contin
ued story, run on from seance to seance,
carrying forward the history of three
women. And Mile. Smith considers her
self the reincarnated soul of two of
these, and herself the third. They are
all so distinct, accompanied by such re
markable characteristics, that even In the
limits of a short review they must be
roughly outlined.
First and foremost Mile. Smith believes
that' she was onco an Indian Princess
married to an Indian Prince or Rajah,
in a town in Southern India in the year
H0L When in trances, she spoke fre
quently, In a strange and unknown lan
guage; told of scenes, described costumes
and customs minutely and told just where
the fortress in which she lived was situ
ated. Professor Flournoy then set about
finding if this information was correct,
or merely the work of a supernormal
imagination.
First, having copied the words of the
strange language, he consulted professors
and authorities on early Indian tongues,
and found that the girl was actually
talking Sanskrit this girl, born in Geneva
at tie end of the 19th century, who not
only, it 1: claimed, knew nothing of lan
guages, excepting French, but disliked
what little study she had been obliged to
give them wnlle in the public school. The
situation and name of the fortress and
the Indian Prince, however, seemed Imag
inary. For the authorities consulted said
that no such place or prince was known,
although they confessed that the history
of Southern India in tho 14th and 15th cen
turies was very hazy and uncertain.
This did not satisfy M. Flournoy. He
began an examination of libraries to see
what histories there were on Southern
India, and one day he came upon a his
tory by a writer 'named de Maries, who
published his book in 1S2S. In this volume
he found an account of the Indian Prince,
discovered also that he had had such a
wife, had lived In such a fortress, died
and was burned on the funeral pyre with
this wife alive, precisely as Mile. Smith
had described in her "romance."
Dlij She See the Book?
Is it true that Mille Smith is the rein
carnated Princess? So say the spirit
ists. Or is it true that In some way
Mile. Smith, in her early youtn. saw M.
de Maries' book, or haa been told of It,
and in her trances Is weaving a beautiful
tale about this historic fact? So thinks
M. Flourney, but he cannot yet trace it
out.
In the midst of this Hindoo romance
Mile, Smith suddenly one day began to
act In a peculiar fashion at a seance, bore
herself like a lady of society, spoke in
soft, well-modulated tones, but in French
of 100 years ago. In time M. Flournoy
found that she considered herself to be
Queen Marie Antoinette, the wife of
Louis XVI, of France, and from time to
time, through several years, she has fre
quently taken this character, carrying out
the "part" with fidelity, writing in a fine,
aristocratic hand, not unlike Marie An
toinette's, with which It has, of course,
been compared.
The "sitters" at the seaanccs have tried
to catch her with anachronisms, such a3
speaking of railroads, steamboats, etc.
But she does not understand them, and
asks for explanations. In this "romance"
her" companion, Leopold, Is, of course,
Joseph Balsamo, whom Marie Antoinette
well knew.
Hero again: Is Mile. Smith the rein
carnation of Marie Antoinette? So say the
spiritists, who have seen ner in her se
ances. Or. Is it true that Mile. Smith
having read Alexander Dumas' "Memoirs
of a Physician" and other similar works,
has woven in her trances a story around
this royal woman, and by the process
of suggestion and auto-suggestion put
herself in the Queen's place? So asserts
M. Flournoy, for he has found that Mile.
Smith has Indeed read Dumas and liked
bis novel.
This is remarkable enough, but the final
ON RUDDf MARS
and third "romance" Is so out of the ordi
nary that the watching of Its progress
has thrown even thes two Strang fic
tions, or remembrances of a past Mfe.
into the background. The third "ro
mance" is nothing more nor lees than a,
series of spirlt-journeyhiga to the planet
Mars, in company with Leopold.
Writes in Mnrtlan.
The action usually takes place as fol
lows: Mile. Smith enters the room, site at
a table around which ara gathered 1wtlf oi
dozen or more people, professocs of pey
chology. scientists, etc. AH pteo their
hands upon the table. In a few moments
Mile. Smith begins" to sway a Mttle and
.shows by her change of expression that
"she is not using her eyes at all; that the
present company Is not seen by her.
She then, by the twltchlmr of lier fin
gers, show3 that she wishes to write, and,
being given a pencil, she takes It bo
tween the thumb and Index finger (though;
when "awake" she always hoMs the pen
cil between the index and second fin
gers), and writes, in a distinct hand
writing that has come to be known, as that
of Leopold, certain words that, or a. long
time, were absolutely unintelligible to
the sitters. These words, after more than
two years, having been carefully studied.
have, it is said, developed Into a distinct
Martian language.
Mile. Smith describes passing through!
space, see3 brilliant colors, perceives sao
is approaching a circular body like tha
earth, and finally lands on the planet
Mars. She then describes the people.
their costume, their manners, all In de
tail, and eonvers.es with several disem
bodied spirits who. having died, left this
earth and now reside in Mara. It is im
possible to go into details here, but this
"romanco" or story Is more picturesque)
than any novel, and Mile. Smith, whert
sho comes out of her trance and be
comes herself again, claims that she re
members nothing of It at all.
DEFORMED BY SMOKING
Months Twisted Ont of Gear lyUo
of Clay Pipes.
Physicians, hereabouts, says the Chleaga
Chronicle, and throughout tha country
generally, have been called upon: re
cently to treat a large number of eaaest
of spltheleoma of the lips. This disagree
able complaint Is charged almost entire
ly to the pipe-smoking habit. Some sur
geons are of the opinion that Imitation
of amber used in tne manufacture o"
mouthpieces for cheap pipes has muctt
to do with the alarming Increase in the
disease, while all of them agree that the
majority of the cases are directly trace
able to the short clay pipes smoked by
thousands of laborers.
The hospital records show that over 50
per cent of all the cases treated wera
laboring men over 10 years of ag. Tho
heat brought close to the lips by tho
short-stemmed clap pipes causes a 3mall
blister to form, and the smoker prompt
ly picks it and keeps on smoking. Then
a hard, knotty wart forms where tha
blister first appeared, and soon the whole
mouth Is involved, and sometimes tha
tongue swells to enormous atse.
The warty growths multiply until tha
chin Is entirely covered and the mouth;
protrudes far beyond the nose. The sur
geons cut away the entire growth and
fashion an entirely new mouth eut ofi
flaps drawn from the cheeks and so much,
of the chin as may remain unaffected.
The operation Is one of extreme delicacy,
and when poorly executed, the patient Is
afflicted with a "fish mouth" that grvea
a very funny expression to the face.
Pipo manufacturers claim that tho
mouthpieces of the cheapest grades ofi
wooden and composition pipes are mada
of celluloid and similar preparations with;
celluloid for the basis. They insist that
there is nothing poisonous In the compo
sitions, and that the scarcity of genuine
amber may render It neceassary to put
Imitation amber on all pipes except tha
highest grades, which command bijf
prices.
She "Was the Good Little Tnrin.
James Whitcomb RHey tells thte story
about twins that live near Mr. Sltey out
in Indianapolis:
Once not very long ago one of tho
twins was naughty, and to punish' her,
the mother made her stay in-doors all
day. To add a keener edge to her dis
grace, favors were showered upon her
sister. Sister was dressed up in her
very best. Sister was given a new par
asol, and went prancing up and down
tho front walk in the greatest glee. Pres
ently one of the neighbors came by and
paused at the gate to speak to the child.
"You're one of the Brown twins, aren't
you?" asked the neighbor.
"Yes'm," answered the little girl.
"Which twin aro you?" the nelghboa
Inquired.
The child gave her skirts a proud toss.
"Oh," said she, complacently, "I'm th
good Httlo twin that's out walking."
Woe.
O pltyins reader, stop and think
What widespread misery It must male
When a man who weight .100 pounds
Is snfferlns from ths stomachache!
Chicaso Tribune..
is a very common consequence of indi
gestkra and torpid liver. Sometimea
there are spots before the eyes and hot
flashes. At other times a sensation aa
of vertigo occurs, at once suffocating and
blinding. It is a waste of time to at
tempt to cure this
condition bv or
dinary means or
medicines. The
stomach and
organs of diges
tion and nutrition
must be restored
to healthy activ
ity, the blood
must be purified,
the liver cleansed
and strengthened,
before a cure can
be hoped for. This
is the work done
by Dr. Pierce's
Golden Medical
Discovery, a med
icine specially
beneficial in dis
eases of the stom
ach, blood and
liver. It strength
ens the stomach,
purifies the bloody
cleanses the clog
ged liver, and pro
motes the health
I of every organ of
the body.
"My wife was greatly troubled with Indijc.
tioa, torpid liver, dizziness, aj& also irregular
periods,'' writes Mr. W. A. Preston, of Shuqua
lat, Xoxubec Co., Miss. "Wc tried many dluer
ent remedies, but none of them gave perfect re
lief until we were induced by a lady to try vour
Golden Medical Discovery, Favorite Prescrip
tion,' and 'Pleasant Pellets.' These medfclnea
did more good than anvthing we ever tried for
those complaints. "We have used four bottles of
your ' Golden Medical Discovery, one of 'Favor
ite Prescription, and two vials of your Pellets."
These meoichies have done the work we de
sired, and I do heartily recommend them to all
similar sufferers."
(&Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets assist tha
action of the "Discovery.1'
yMj