THE BUNDX? OHEGOlNIAff, ?OmTJKlS, TOTS? 23, T8.
fts regomcm
Entered tt tha Postoffloe af Portland, Oracpn,'
a scond-clas matter.
TELEPHONES. f
TSditorlat Booms...-108ButoeeB Offlotf.W"
REVISED SUBSOaraXION RATES.
Br Mall (portage prepaid), tn Advance
Dally, with Sunday, per month "
Dally, Sunday excepted, per jear. ..... J
Dally, with Sunday, per year Jg
Bunday. per ear ........ jg
The Weekly, per year ....... "
The Weekly. 3 month.... -...- - ""
To City Subscriber . ,,
-Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday ePe5iC
32aily, ptr week. delivered. Sundays lncluded-20c
POSTAGE RATES"
United State. Canada and. Merico:.
10 to 16-pago paper ; ".
10 to S2-page paper .t......
Foreign rates double.
News or discussion Intended for publication In
The Orcgonlan should be addressed Invariably
"Editor The Orcgonlan," not to the name of
any Individual. Letters relating to advertising,
subscriptions or to any business matter should
be addressed f Imply "The Oregonlaa."
Tbe Orcgonlan does not buy poems or stories
from Individuals, and cannot -undertake to re
turn any manuscripts sent to It without solicita
tion. No stamps should bo inclosed for thla
purpose.
Facet Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson,
offlce at 1111 Pacific avenu. Taeoma. Box 9C5,
Taeoma postofflce. .
Eastern Business OClce The Tribune build
ing. New York City; "The Rookery," Chicago;
the S. a Beckwlth special agency. New Tork.
For tale in San Francisco by J K. Cooper,
W6 Market street, near the yalaoe hotel, and
at Goldsmith Bros , 230 Sutter strert.
For sale In Chicago by tbe P. O. News Co..
21T Dearborn street.
TODAY'S WEATHER. Fair and continued
-warm; northerly winds.
t
PORTIAlri, SUNDAY-JTJI 20.
THH WORST Or VICES.
Gambling is a very ancient evil, and
has always been a fashionable dissipa
tion. The ancient Greeks indulged, in
it, and the Romans were great gam
blers. Among them gaming had at
tained the dignity of a science, and
books were written thereon. The great
est Roman of them all, Julius Caesar,
was a most notorious gambler, losing
sums so enormous that he became
bankrupt before he became famous for
anything else. The greatest English
statesman and orator of the reign of
George HI, Charles James Fox, was an
Inveterate gambler, and so was Mar
shal Blucher, who hunted Napoleon to
death at Waterloo. The Roman Em
peror Justinian forbade public gambling
as early as the sixth century. In the
Middle Age? the clergy were great
gamblers, and In the fifteenth century
-on abbess was tried for having sys
tematically gambled In her convent.
The Asiatics were from the earliest
times great gamblers. Gambling with
cards came Into vogue In Europe In the
fourteenth century by way of Arabia.
The Chinese are passionate gamblers,
as are the American IndlanB, the South
ern negroes, the Mexicans, and all the
Spanish-American peoples.
Gambling, like unbridled lust. Is one
of the primitive lces of both the sav
age and the civilized man. It has Its
root In avarice and Indolence. It Is the
passion to get something for nothing,
and Is of kin to the desire to acquire
property by theft rather than labor.
Gambling began In an effort to steal
by strategem what men dared not or
could not steal by force. Gambling,
drunkenness and licentiousness, the
most destructive vices. 'that scourge
humanity, are but the survival of the
primitive desires of the savage man
that, when reined down to a state ot
healthy restraint, stand for the virtu
ous forces of human thrift and acquis
itiveness, temperance and chastity, that
make for domestic comfort and conjugal
happiness. Of all these vices, gam
bling in Its various forms works the
greatest evil, for, while you may
sober a drunkard or reform a rake, It Is
almost Impossible to reform a man who
has once acquired the gambling habit.
Society suffers whether the gambler Is
an honest, .reckless fool,-who Ultimately
becdmes--pauper and a charge' upon
the community, or Is an acute knave
who becomes a bird of prey, a thief, a
social terror, and finally, when the card
"sharp" becomes a criminal and goes
to prison, still remains a burden' upon
the state. Nine-tenths of the young
men who become embezzlers are gam
blers before they decide to become
thieves, for gambling makes a molec
ular change in the moral fiber of Its
votary and corrbdes the sentiment ot
integrity and honor In pecuniary trust,
even as a powerful acid will burn Its
way through human skin and tlssue'to
the bone.
Law cannot suppress the gambling
vice, but the law can easily suppress
notorious open gambling-houses where
young boys and worklngmen can crowd
in and witness public gambling of all
sorts. Men who hive together and gam
ble secretly the law cannot easily
reach, but open, notorious gambling-
houses that are traps to catch the
young, Ignorant, unwary crowd can be
closed by the police and kept closed.
The most effective education against
gambling is a notice served by every
business man upon every employe that
lie may expect his discharge If he gam
bles. No business man can afford to
continue In a place of pecuniary trust a
man who gambles, for the gambling
habit from the start lays siege to the
very base of moral honor and Integrity
in matters of pecuniary trust. The
devil Is always at the .elbow of the un
lucky gambler, urging him to bet an
other man's money to redeem his own
losses; and a young fellow who does not
appreciate the value of reputation until
it is lost not seldom yields to the plead
ings of the busy, meddling fiend at his
elbow, wagers Tils employer's money.
bets he will win and recoup his losses,
loses his bet, and from an unlucky
gambler wakes up to find himself a
thief.
Gambling is a mean vice. Even a
technically honest gambler cannot suc-
ceed without some moral deterioration,
Blnce the motive of even an honest
gambler has its root, not in a simple
desire for amusement, excitement and
recreation, but dates back to the sordid,
greedy, grasping side of human nature.
Every professional dishonest gambler
would become a professional thief if he
did not know that It is more dangerous
under law to pick your pocket than to
rob you by fraud at cards or dice. Gam
bling Is a more dangerous social evil
than the drink habit, because It is a. sin
of the spirit rather than a sin of the
blood, and is therefore less curable and
more soul-destroying. Gambling is
married to cupidity, and is a vice more
difficult to cure than Intemperance,
which has no relation to cupidity. Gam
bling in all its forms fascinates all
mankind, from the top to the bottom of
society, because it Inflames their cupid
ity, their eager desire to get something
for nothing. The vice of gambling
soon "becomes a moral bone disease,
while Intemperance is comparatively a
skin disease.
The drink habit is a noisy vice. It
sralks in ron-heeled shoes, the clangor
of whose irregular footsteps vax the
peaceful air. But the victim of the
gambling habit, like the .morphine
flerid, walks 'in shoes that are shod
with wool. The ultimate fate of tho'ln
fatuated gambler, whether he is nomi
nally honest or a notorious card
"sharp," Is miserable enough, when he
becomes too poor to play, too dim of
sight and too feeble of hand to deal, and
too old and unattractive to hypnotise
the demi-monde, when he is out of luck,
into furnishing him with food, lodging,
clothes and pocket money. Verily, the
occupation of the gamble Is gone when
he Is no longer able to be' a pickpocket
among foolish men or a parasite among
fallen women.
THE PARADOX OP MTERATURE.
Professor Gates' study of Poe Is
probably the most successful treatment
that powerful force in our literature
has ever received. Nowhere else have
we seen such complete apprehension of
Poe's incomparable method, or such
skill in dramatically setting off that ar
tistic genius against his utter lack of
moral purpose. All that recent criti
cism and biographical research have
been able to do for Poe is to give higher
and higher place to his art, and lower
and lower estimate of the man. r And as
the stream of production must hievL
tably take Its charact'er from the life
from whioh it springs, it is in. the ab
sence of purpose that Poe demonstrates
his failure. As Professor Gates says,
he is not an interpreter of life. "Not
even Indirectly are there recognized in
his, art those traits sof character, those
Impulses, motives, feelings and habits
o? thought and of conduct and those
ideals that for most sane men make
life worth living and impart 'to it Its
quality."
Nowhere else as in Poe do we flnd,so
Impressively exemplified the Inade
quacy of the hackneyed formula, "Art
for Art's sake." Nowhere else can be
derived so satisfying evidence that the
life without moral purpose can have no
useful result In achievement, that art
has no excuse for existence except as It
brings some helpful contribution to the
tasks of human endeavor, that the sine
qua non of literary success Is a pur
pose, compelling and beneficent, which
treats the materials and methods of Its
craft as means to some sublime end
of imparted strength or uplift, solace or
ambition. With this purpose, what
heights have been reached by the de
termined oyer towering obstacles; with
out it, how lamentably have others
failed, in spite of royal equipment and
every auspicious circumstance!
Yet in spite of all this we can see
day by day the decline in vogue of the
purposeful, the active survival of the
mechanician. Perhaps more Is written
of Poe today than twenty years ago.
Tired of dull rectitude and .uninterest
ed In the problems that absorbed the
Victorian era in both its .youth and
prime, we return to the mere picture
makers, the mere musicians. We shall
get at the heart of the problem if we
take the differing products ot the same
pen. Two generations ago Byron and
Heine were a force In human thought;
one generation ago Tennyson and Whlt
tler. But today they are sought not
for their thinking, but for their melody.
Byron and Heine threw themselves into
the fight for liberty of thought Great
was their achievement, immortal their
influence on their time. Their work has
passed Into the human mind. Like
Voltaire's, It has been done, once for all.
The modern man,, conceives life as the
resultant of their impress on traditions
they found existent. He has no sense
of the tyranny they overthrew, he can
have no appreciation of the blows they
struct. Their clarion calls for freedom
of conscience fall on unresponsive ears.
Their thinking has done its work. It Is
laid away, and if they are to interest us
now It must be through the brush of
their Imagination, the tones of their
singing voice.
In another realm the work typified by
Tennyson and Whlttler, for example,
broke down old ramparts of tyranny,
now covered out of sfght by the fresh
flowers of freedom and vines of natural
faith and trust Those Inspired words
of "In Memorlam"
You tell me doubt is devil-born.
There lHes more faith In honest doubt.
Believe me, than In half the creeds.
Intensely moved the souls of the gen
eration that first heard them, but to
the generation of today they are almost
meaningless. The anathema has long
been lifted from doubt, the creeds are
In everybody's' way. Whlttler's humble
and fervent plea for charity has gone
the same road to the garret I "cannot
quite follow you, my friends, as to the
Immaculate Conception, he said, or as
to predestination, or original deprav
ity. - I know not where His Islands lift
Their fronded palms In air;
I only know I cannpt drift
Beyond His loe and care.
To the jyouth of thirty years ago
these noble lines were a discovery and
an inspiration. To the youth of today,
freed from the clutch of 'ecclesiastical
despotism, their intellectual value Is as
purely historical as Luther's theste or
Webster's reply to Hayne. Here,' In
fact, Is where so much of sterling liter
ary achievement expires through limi
tation. Carlyle's discovery of Crom
well, Mills' defense of liberty, Bacon's
Novum Organon, Dickens' delivery of
captives, Poe's unmasking of hypocrisy
and venality In criticism all these
tasks, once performed, have no longer
any place Jn the world of life., and are
only -relics In the world of literature.
To come back to Tennyson and Whit-
tier, the prayer for the slave has been
answered, the prophecy of a broader
charity has tieen fulfilled, and there Its
life Is closed. Nobody needs be told
today,
Howe'er It be It seems to ma
Tls only -noble to be good;
Kind hearts are more than coronets
And simple faith than Norman blood.
Thus do the tragic careers of each
succeeding generatlonbecome absorbed
in the framework of the human mlnd
and fit into their humble niche in the
coral-reefs of Thought Things that
our fathers tolled and suffered to gain
we accept as if they had always been.
The battle is won, and the new geog
raphy shows no marks of thectreaty of
cession. The oracles of one day become
the platitudes of the next If the old
poets are to catch our attention, it must
be with the irresistible charm of beauty,
the delicate flowers of fancy that never
fade, the chords of entrancing melody
that find in the universal heart an an
swering string, the tapestries and can
vases that blend with every intellec
tual furnishing, the dreams that will
always be dreamed, the song that will
always be springing up In the discon
solate or the gay. A man can frame
deathless harmony that shall never lose
Its pertinence or Its power, or he can
hurl himself against a great wrong and
be swallowed up in the triumph and
remembered hut not read. Happy, are
they who c&n do both. Happy are they
who, liko Shelley and "Wordsworth, can
be .shorn of; all their foolish sentimen
talism and .false philosophy and still
be" sought for the visions they see and
the voices they hear, radiant to the eye
from every terrestrial angle, ravishing
to the ear of universal time.
THE BELGIAN HARE INDUSTRY,
Upon the hypothesis that "the pru
dent man foreseeth the evil and hideth
himself," the farmers of Iowa and Min
nesota are organizing and preparing
petitions to their Congressmen asking
that measures may be taken to protect
the agricultural Interests of these states
from what In their estimation, threat
ens to become a veritable rabbit plague.
The Belgian hare craze, the center of
which seems to be Los Angeles, Cal.,
has spread to these states, hundreds of
the creatures having been brought there
within a few months. A number of
rabbit farms have been stocked In Min
nesota, and formal protest is made
against what Is 'termed the "hare in
dustry" on the basis that the so-called
Belgian hares are merely carefully bred
rabbits; that in fecundity and a vora
cious appetite for every growing thing
they are identical with rabbits, which
In the interests of agriculture are
fought to extermination wherever
found in large numbers, and that their
value ao & food product is at least
doubtful. Hare-fanciers dispute the
first and last of these allegations, and
for therest they assert that raising
these creatures is a legitimate industry,
the product of which will prove a dainty
and wholesome addition to the food
supply of the country.
The truth In this matter, as- in all
others upon which controversy arises,
lies doubtless between the two ex
tremes. Rabbit meat Is wholesome, no
doubt the creatures being strict vege
tarians and cleanly in their habits. A
liking for It however, must be acquired
before there will be any great demand
for it since a very small percentage of
the people, at present so great Is the
power of hah.it and prejudice, care even
to sample it while many turn from It
In revulsion. All of this, however, may
be overcome after a time, and Is not
pertinent to the discussion valsed by the
protest of these farmers against the In
troduction of a possible pest of rabbits
into their states under the name of the
"Belgian hare Industry."
It is manifest to all that the great
fecundity and voracity of these creat
ures would render It Impracticable to
allow them to run at large. They would
soon stock every copse In the country
and make Incursions upon meadows and
grain fields that could not be tolerated.
It Is no part of the present Intention of
rabbit farmers to permit this. The
stock Is high-priced, and is kept as yet
mainly for breeding and speculative
purposes. Hence, of course, thecreat-
ures are closely confined, this being a
necessary part of the business. Assur
ance that this would continue would
eliminate all reasonable objection to the
introduction of the Belgian hare into the
state, but manifestly no such assurance
can be given. At present the Industry,
so-called, is in the nature of a specula
tion. Those who sell expect to make
enormous profits In the transaction, and
those who buy expect large returns
upon the Investment profits and re
turns. It may be said, out of all propor
tion to any present or Immediately
prospective demand for rabbits as food.
As a craze, the whole thing is harm
less, so long as the hallucination lasts
and the creatures are kept within pri
vate Inclosures. To set them at large
a thing not contemplated anywhere at
present and which need not be feared
so long as the speculative features of
the fad continue would certainly prove
disastrous to the agricultural Interests
of any section thus Invaded, and would.
In a. few years at most call for a scalp
bounty law looking to the extermina
tion of the creatures as pests. It will
probably come to this sooner or later In
Oregon, as well as In other states
reached by this speculative craze, but
It Is difficult to see how the menace
can be lifted, or Its consequences
averted.
' As a fad, the Belgian hare Industry
will have Its day. Whether it will sur
vive as a legitimate Industry will de
pend Bolely upon the success that fol
lows the effort to create a demand for
rabbit meat There Is practically 'no
reason In the world why the flesh of
some animals may not be as good for
food as that of some others, but as
long as the human stomach revolts
against eating rabbits and cats, dogs
and horses, the attempt to create a
market for the flesh of any of these
creatures will meet with failure.
LEO'S VICTORY OVER BISMARCK.
Among recent deaths Is that of Paul
Falk, who was Minister of Public Wor
ship In Prussia when the laws called
by his name were enacted during Bis
marck's war with the Roman Catholic
Church of that kingdom. Shortly a.fter
the French war and the organization
of the German Emplre,"31smarck began
a series of enactments against the
Ghurch of Romein Prussia. In July,
1872, the Jesuits were ordered to leave
the kingdom. Then, In May, 1873, came
the sb-called Falk laws, which required
candidates fbr'clerlcal -office to undergo
a certain amount of secular training at
tEe" German universities, and that ap
pointments to ecclesiastical posts he
approved by the secular authorities.
These laws provide! a royal' tribunal
for 'ecclesiastical matters and Imposed
fines and other penalties on persons who
did not obey them. These laws had no
effect on the priests, who were directed
by Pope Plug IX to disregard them, so
& law was passed stopping the stipends
of all clergymen who did not obey the
law. Archbishop Ledochowskl, of Po
sen, In October, 1873, was fined for
threatening to excommunicate a pro
fessor of a college In his diocese; was
Imprisoned In February, 1874, deprived
of his diocese in April, 1874, and not
released until February. 1876, when he
was created a Cardinal by the Pope.
Archbishop Melchers was" convicted of
sedition In having Instituted priests
without permission of the gqvernment
In seven months four archbishops,
seven bishops, 120 priests in the diocese
of Cologne alone, were deprived or
expelled. Newspapers were suppressed,
professors were dismissed, religious
services enjoined, church revenues Ira
pounded, schools closed and religious
weddings Interrupted, as marriages
were only legal before civil officers, and
funerals were stopped. In 1876 the Pope
refused to receive Cardinal Hotienlohe
as German Ambassador at b,Is court
In 1878 Pius IX died and Leo XHI suc
ceeded to the Papal' throne. On Janu
ary 30, 1879, Dr. Falk resigned, and in
February, 1880, Pope Leo wrote to the
Archbishop of Cologne advising him to
submit to the government the names of
priests he .desired to institute. The
same year the Falk-laws were partially
suspended, and In 1S82 diplomatic re
lations' were renewed between the Vati
can and Prussia.,, Ir. Windhorst a
leader of the Clerical party, became
Minister of Public Worship, and In
July, 1883, the obnoxious laws were
partly suspended, and by March, 1887,
the entire series of Fallc laws was re
moved from the statute-books. Despite
his boast in iS76. "JVe shall not go to
Canossa," Bismarck had gone there.
Leo XHI, by his spiritual power, had
proved more than a match for the tem
poral power of "the1 man of blood and
Iron."
HANDICAP OF XAJHBER TRADE.
The existing high rates and scarcity
of ocean-going tonnage calls attention
to the worst feature of the handt
cao under which Oregon lumbermen
arelaboring In competing with the mills
north of the Columbia River. The for
eign lumber trade has taken up prac
tically all of the vessels available, that
had not already been pressed Into the
coal, wheat or transport service, and
now nearly all of the lumber traffic be
tween the California markets and
Gray's Harbor, Wlllapa Harbor and
other Washington points- Is handled by
rail.
The foreign lumber trade Is an Indus
try which requires many years to de
velop. The groundwork for the fine ex
port trade which some of the big mills
of Puget Sound and British Columbia
are now enjoying was laid over a third
of a century ago,, and the permanence
thus assured by age renders It a diffi
cult matter to wrest this business from
our neighbors on the north, although
we have made a fair 'start in the right
direction. With the California trade, or,
In -fact the rail trade. In any direction,!
tne state ot uregon snouia De on even
terms with any lumber district In the
world, but apparently we are not so fa
vored. Puget Sound's lumber shipments to
California last year 'were 150,000,000 feet,
while those of Gray's Harbor, Wlllapa
Harbor and Knappton, Wash., were In
excess of o.OOO.OOO-' f eet Here was a
matter of 275,000.000 -feet ot lumber cart
ed past our doors to a market where,
distance and natural location consid
ered, we should haye had the prefer
ence. Now with solid tralnloads of
Washington lumber going through our
state to the California markets, quite a
number of Willamette. Valley mills are
closed down because they cannot secure
a freight rate that will enable them to
compete with tb blg mills at tide
water points farther north. In other
words, the Bhort ha(il Is made so much
more costly than the long haul that the
small lumber manufacturer Is com
pelled to drop out 6f the business and
Oregon Is a loser thereby. The big
mills at Portland 'place' In circulation
an Immense amount of money, and It
flows Into channels where Its Influence
on general trade Is' felt o the greatest
possible extent for -In -n other com
modity Is so large & proportion of the
cost distributed among the laboring
men. Portland mills, with the advan
tage In distance over the Puget Sound
mills, "were unable to prevent Wash
ington mills from shipping approxi
mately 52,600,000 woth of lumber to
California markets, where Oregon's nat
ural location should have given her
the preference. Our city mills were all
profitably employed without this Im
mense traffic that went farther north,
and yet the Oregon mills that could
have cut at least a portion of this 275,
000,000 feet were obliged1 to close down
because they could mot secure a satis
factory rate to the California markets.
The sawmills In the newly opened tlm-1
ber districts of Oregon are the leader
In commercial development, and as soon
as they begin creating wealth out of
raw material other Industries follow.
The farmer, dairyman and stockman
find the markets for; their 'products in
creasing. Money flows in from bther
states to pay for the lumber, the mill
hands and loggers receive the greater
part of it, and they; In turn distribute
It among other producers. With fair
and equitable railroad rates to outside
markets, there are wondorful possibili
ties for commercial development all
through Interior Oregon. This develop
ment should not be throttled by dis
criminating freight rates, which tend to
throw to another state business which
rightfully belongs with us
Not alone In the Willamette Valley
are the gifts of nature being over
looked, and the general trade of the
state made to suffer in consequence, but
the treatment the mills are receiving
there ends to dlsccnrage development
lnmore remote portions of the state.
East of the mountains between the
Snake River and the Cascades, is an
empire comprising ' about half of the
area of the stated- This domain is
fringed by Immense tracts of timber,
estimates placing the amount of mer
chantable timber standing In that re
gion at nearly 50,000,000,000 feet The
conversion of this ' raw' material Into
money and the attendant development
of the surrounding -country will create
new business for th.e railroads, which
will repay them many tiroes over for
any apparent loss through concessions
In rates at the present time.
Lleutenant-General Schofield, In a let
ter to the editor of the Bangor (Me.J
Commercial, defends the Army canteen,
and points out that the United States
soldier has a right to demand that he
shall not be remanded to those days
when English military despotism forced
upon the soldier1 "social and religious
rules which were Inconsistent with civil
and religious liberty," iChe American
soldier Is a self-respecting citizen, who
knows his rights and who realizes that
among those rights should be a relig
ious and social liberty such as are en
joyed by his fellow-Qltlzehs who do not
enlist In the Army. Tbe officers of the
Army have their club for recreation
and social Intercourse; the enlisted mep
are also entitled to, privileges ot social
life and recreation not inconsistent
with their military duty. The soldier
does not lose his social right to such
recreation as he enoyed before his en
listment any more- than does the com
missioned officer. Attempts to regulate
the habits of the soldier to .the extent
of abolishing the post exchange Is an
Interference with individual liberty
nearly as pernicious as the ravages of
intemperance, whlcft await the United
States Army If the post exchange and
canteen system are abolished. General
Schofield does well', to deal with the
question as one of' Individual liberty
and personal rights,- belonging to en
listed men. He further says:
The arbitrary, despotic? authority once exer
cised over and in the- Army has been wisely
supersedtil by beneficent lawa and regula
tions, placlnjg the dlclplnc and military con
trorof the military establishment under Army
officers and courts-maptlsl established ''and gov
erned bi law. Recent' hlptory has left no room
for doubt cf the wisdom of these measures,
and little reason to fear that Congress will
ever take a step backward by attempting to
leglslata In respect to the internal affairs ox-
th Army. If the army of a repabH rw
ceases to be capable; ot efficient selfigavarn
ment, nothing will ba left far the laglslaUvs
power but to disband It.
If ,the Chlneso study their andent
literature, they ought to be a people of
high ideals of government for Confu
cius describes the Ideal condition In
human relations as realised "when the
Prince acquits himself as a Prince, the
Minister as a Minister, the father as a
father, and the son as a son"; that Is,
when men In every rank in society dis
charge faithfully the duties belonging to
their place. The "law of heaven" is the
law of right, the law of duty, and wis
dom consists in correctly applying this
law in the relations of life. Confucius
taught that the end of learning was to
develop and make manifest the innate
virtue, to renovate the people, and to
rest In the highest goodness. The Chi
nese sages taught that man 1e made for
virtue. "To be benevolent is to be a
man-" They taught that "the end ot
learning Is to recover the lost heart"
that Is, "the child heart" that all men
have In common; that virtue distin
guishes men from animals, and that
when they fail to be virtuous they cease
to be men. The Chinese In practice do
not rule by the law of benevolence, but
ty the law of selfishness, in which re
spect however, they only resemble "the
foreign devils" of Christian antecedents,
who certainly have fallen something
short of the teachings of the New Tes
tament in their policy of encroachment
upon the Celestial Empire. The Chi
nese In their most cruel practices are
about equal In humanity to Moses, who
ordered all the male infants and little
children of the captive Midlanites to be
slain,.
Minister Conger, at Pekln, had a
guard of seven officers and fifty-six
men, commanded by Captain John D.
Myers, United States Marine Corps,
who had been detached from the Ore
gon for that duty. Captain Newton
Hall, of the,Marlne Corps, was also at
the legation, as was Assistant burgeon
Thomas M. Llppltt Sir Claude Mac
Donald had a guard of seventy-six men
and three officers. The German lega
tion Had a guard of thirty-five men and
two officers. The French legation had
a guard of seventy-one men and four
officers. The Russian Minister had a
guard of the same number ofjmen and
officers. The Italian Minister had a
guard of thirty-nine men and three of
ficers, and Austria had a guard of thirty
men and three officers. Here were some
400 soldiers, and this number must
have been increased by a considerable
number of foreigners in Pelcin, who
were able-bodied and anxious to defend
themselves.
Emperor Wllllani'B view of the Chi
nese harks back to the conception of
pirates held by Europe in the seven
teenth century, outside the pale of all
clemency and In their very profession
earning, the extreme penalty of fright
ful death. In the old English law the
pirate was declared an enemy to the
human race, with whom no faith need
be kept and there is a noted passage
in Blackstone dwelling upon his evil
deeds with much the same severity and
abandonment of humane feeling shown
in William's instructions to his sol
diers. The pirate was presumed guilty
till proved Innocent and rarely was
given even the oppbrtunlty to Introduce
evidence. Emperor William's plan of
refusing quarter and taking no prison
ers is about as available for the forces
of Christendom as any other interna
tional usage of 200 years ago.
The Oregon Society of Mazamaa, to
which actual mountain-climbers only
are eligible, had Its prototype In the
order of Knights of the Golden Horse
shoe founded by Governor Spottsford,
upon the occasion of the first ascent ot
the Blue Ridge and the practical discov
ery of the Shenandoah Valley. The
event was celebrated by the valiant
Governor by carving the name of
George I upon the highest peak which
the party climbed, and upon the return
to Virginia he presented each Mazama
with a golden horseshoe, studded with
valuable stones, resembling the heads
of nails, and with this Inscription: "Sic
juvat transcendere montes'r (It is thus
a pleasure to cross the mountains). No
one could wear the golden shoe or be
come a Knight of the Golden Horseshoe
without "having drunk His Majesty's
health upon Mount George."
Lord Roberts Is In possession of the
railway from Bethlehem to Ladysmlth,
through Van Reenen's Pass. General
Dewet's force Is thrown up against the
Basuto northern border and the Drak
ensburg Mountains, toward Natal.
There is only one avenue of escape to
the Transvaal, and that 13 by one of
the passes through the upper corner ot
Natal and across the Buffalo River.
But Lord Roberts has probably fore
seen this and provided against it De
wet will probably be compelled to sur
render or be starved out, for he can
not replenish his ammunition. The end
of the struggle In the Free State is at
hand, and that in the Transvaal will
not be long delayed after the complete
occupation of the Free State releases
Lord Roberts' force of cavalry now op
erating against Dewet's command.
The late Judge Shattuck was gradu
ated from the University of Vermont
In 1848. Among his college comrades
and friends were Sidney Harper Marsh,
Isaac S. Belcher, Louis R. Lull, Caspar
T. Hopkins, William H. O'Grady and
Alfred Rlx, all of whom settled on the
Pacific Uoast Tne goia excitement oi
1848 drew a great many of the most
promising yourig men of Vermont to
California, such as Frederick Billings,
Oscar L. Shafter, James M. Shatter,
Willlarn Hlgby, William C. Belcher,
Horace P. Janes, and the reports sent
home by these young men made the
Pacific Coast an attractive place of set
tlement Ttfe Oregonian must say that It
doesn't place a high value on the appeal
for the "unsuspecting victims of the
gambler." These "victims" may keep
away from the gambler. If they desire.
But they hunt up "the game of rob
bery" because they hope to be the rob
bers themselves. Then the pitiful cry
Is raised that they are undone. The
sorcalled "unsuspecting victim" is just
as much in fault as the man who "runs
the game," and plulte as dishonest
The man who wants a. hand In vice will
always find his opportunity.
It is certain that great numbers of the
Europeans and Americans in, Pekln
have been massacred. Some of the
Ministers may be alive. If so, they are
doubtless held as 'hostages.
The salmon run on Puget Sound Is
reported as distressingly light There
must be some error here. There are no
"flshwheels In Puget Sound waters.
- 'SfclXGS AKD ARROWS.
Xt Ta, Wat
Bay, Vta,
Playfalrj
. Jtxoyca.
Dead crusts?
Doamtrr
To bluff
Or lie.
Euch stuff
Will do.
Perhaps, x
Friend Wu,
On chaps '
You know.
But, it
Dont so . ' -A
bit
W.Ithus
Bewari
A?fussy '
Take cars
Totom
. The truth;
Look well.
Forsooth,.
To what-
Xou say.
It's not
All play
ToEsht
Or row
With whlta
Men,now.- ,
Bring: on
Your news;
J o con.
Refuse. ' ' '
You'll yet
Find you
Bejret
ItWu.
Useful Mistaken.
If we weren't so calmly heedless
Of tha simple laws of health.
We'd be loner with the llTlnjr,
.And accumulate mora wealth.
It would pay us to be careful
Of our bcdles, it Is true.
Yet if they were never alllnsr.
What would all th doctors do?
It tha chtlllnr frosts of Winter
Never caught us off ous cuard.
And cam a sneaklns in our houses.
Freezing' pipes up good and hard.
It would not be necessary
Plumbers' bills aghast to view.
But If pipes were never frozen.
What would all the plumbers dot
If we carefully avoided
Wearing Ragged, ragged holes
Through our footwear till our stockings
Leak in bunches through our soles,
Ws should never pay a cobbler
To repair a single shoe;
But it we were all so careful.
What would all the cobblers doT
So It seems that if correctly
Through this vale of tears we fare.
Never turning from the pathway
Or side stepping anywhere.
Thinking only of our welfare.
As we Journey straight ahead.
We are. cheating other fellows
Of a chance to earn their bread.
Humor In tbe Junjjrle.
"General," said lieutenant Mucha
fraldo. as the descent of the shades of
night made It possible for him and his
august commander to poke their heads
out of the cave for a breath ot fresh
air, "why are you like Niagara Falls?"
"Give It up," said Agulnaldo, after a
hard think, "unless It's because no one
has ever succeeded In shooting me."
"Nope," said the. subaltern, edging off
behind a. pile of rocks, "It's because
you're running all the time."
Thus will merry staff officers drive
dull care away, even from a fallen leader.
Mirandy'a Playin' Scales.
The sun is slzzlln' In the sky, and cakln' up
the ground.
The bees Is hummtn' down beyant, the files Is
buzzln' 'round.
Tha birds Is chlrpln in tha trees, too hot to
fly or sing.
Too hot .to work, too hot to eat. too hot to do a
thins;
Tha horses standln' in the street is swltchln
of their tails. ,
An' in the parlor, shot up dark, 'Mirandy's
playln scales.
You hear her go dean up the scale an' then go
back agin',
An wonder what a state o' mind the neigh
bors must be In;
Ton kind o feel tha heat- an drought go
through you to the core,
An' all the while you know right well she'll
play two hours more.
As sure as it gets awful hot. It seldom ever
falls.
Mirandy's -sure to set in there, an' go to play
in' scales.
There ain't no way to figure out how some
things gtts to be,
An understandln womankind is too much
work fur me.
If she plays tunes or Jigs or things, it wouldn't
seem so hot.
Them scales would keep fur cooler days keep
jest as well as not;
Soma thlnrs that is. Is stranger than tha
strangest fairy tales,
An' It beats me. how when it's hot Mlrandy
must play scales.
Honored in a Far-Ofl Land,
T see," said Mrs- Haycrop, looking
up from the paper, "that that Chinese
name Taku means great mouth."
"Well," said Father Haycrop, "Chlnys
a silver country, an I sposo they named
them forts after the boy orator of the
Platte."
Why He Quit.
The poet wrote with glee. "Kwang Hsu
Will get It In the neck."
But wrote no more, for ha forgot
The tragic fact that there is not
A Chinese word for trek.
Ill-Timed Plenaantry.
The drowning man clutched at the
straws, which floated on the. water. How
the straws came to be In the middle ot
the .wide Pacific, no one on the steamer,
from which the drowning man had fallen,
paused to Inquire.
"Help," observed the man to the pas
sengers, as ho blew the watr from his
throit -
A tall passenger cast his ye in the di
rection ot the man. and the latter caught
It
"Eye saved you." said the rescuer, but
he spoke too soon, for no sooner had he
spoken that ' the other cast one despairing
look at him, and fell bacx In the water,
dead.
There Is such a thing as being too
funny.
Where Money Tnlka.
Montana has no orators.
Because, although It's shocking.
Ther need no speakers In a state
Where money does the talking.
The Way to Knzne.
"Prince Tuan," said the philosopher,
"has apparently solved the riddle of
fame."
"How do you mean?" Inquired his wife.
"He 'is beginning to get killed."
The Force of Example.
I ain't no doubt George Washington
Was awful good" an great.
An pa he says. "That mat my son,
Tou ought to emmalate."
But when they make me stand up stiff.
An 'rect all time; I can
Jus feel as though I don't cara If
- There wasn't no such roan.
An Franklin was & great man. too;
He got up with the sun.
An that's what I have got to do.
Which isn't any fun;
An when pa says. "My son, beware,
To He abed's a sin,"
I feel ar If I wouldn't cars
If rranklln'd never been.
Great men was- needed far an' wide,
I s'peso they had to be.
An' I could stand 'em till they tried
To make one- out ofr me.
I b'lleve sometimes that if they know
We had to emmalate
Alt sorts of things they used to do.
They wouldn't uv been great
- J. J. MONTAGUS.
iMASXBRPIBCBS OP MTBRATBBfc
"X3XV.J
Thrso Uttcreacs3-of Abraham Ltncoki
Sfcoa tk First XnaasrBrsl. .
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow
countrymen, and not in mine, la the mo
mentous issue of civil war. The Govern
ment will not assail you. You can have
no conflict without being yourselves tha
aggressors. You have no oath registered
In heaven to destroy the Government
while I shall have the most solemn ana
to "preserve, protect and defend It"
I am loath to close. We aro not ene
mies, but friends. We must not be ene
mies. Though passion may have strained.
It must not break our bonds of affection.
The mystic chords of memory, stretching
from every battle-fleld and patrfot-gravo
to every living heart and hearthstone all
oer this broad land, will yet swelL tha
chorus of the Union when again touched,
as surely they will be, by the better
angels of our nature.
At Gettysburg-, November 18, 1803.
Fourscore and seven years ago our fath
ers brought forth on this continent a new
nation, conceived In liberty, and dedicated
to the- proposition that' all men are, cre
ated equal.
Now we are engaged In a great civil
war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated, can
long endure. Wo aro met on a great
battle-field of that war. W have coma to
dedicate a portion of that field as a final
resting-place for those who horo gave
their lives that that nation might live. It
is altogether fitting and proper that we
should do this.
But in a larger sense, wo cannot dedi
cate we cannot consecrate we cannot
hallow this ground. The brave, men, liv
ing and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it far abevo our poor power
to add or detract. The world will Uttle
note or long remember what we siy here,
but It can never forget what they did
here. It Is for us, the living, rather, to
be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far
so nobly advanced. It Is rather for us to
be here dedicated to the great task re
maining before us that from these hon
ored dead we take increased devotion to
that cause for which they gave the last
full measure of devotion; that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not
haye died In vain; that this Nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom;
and that government of the people, by tha
people, for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.
Second Innujrnrnl Address.
Fellow-Countrymen At this second ap
pearing to take the oath of the Presiden
tial office, there Is less occasion for an ex
tended address than there was at the
first Then a statement, somewhat In de
tail, of a course to be pursued, seemed
fitting and proper. Now. at the expiration
of four years, during which public declar
ations have been constantly called forth
on every point and phase of the great
contest which still absorbs the attention
and engrosses, and energies of the Nation,
little that Is new could oe presented. The
progress of our arms, upon which all else
chiefly depends is as well known to tha
public as to myself; and it Is, I trust, rea
sonably satisfactory and encouraging to
all. With high hope for the future, no
prediction In regard to It Is ventured.
On the occasion corresponding to this
four years ago, all thoughts were anx
iously directed to an impending civil war.
All dreaded it all sought to avert It
While the inaugural address was being de
livered at this place, devoted altogether
to saving the Union without war. Insur
gent agents were In the city seeking to
destroy It without war seeking to dis
solve the Union and divide effects by
negotiation. Both parties deprecated war;
but one of them would make war rather
than let tho Nation survive; and the other
would accept war rather than let It perish.
And tho war came.
One-eighth f the whole population were
colored slaves, not distributed generally
over the Union, but localized In the South
ern part of it These slaves constituted
a peculiar and powerful Interest All
knew that this Interest was, somehow,
the cause of the war. To strengthen, per
petuate, and extend this Interest was the
object for which tho Insurgents would
rend tho Union, even by war; while the
Government claimed no ripht to do more
than to restrict the territorial enlarge
ment of it
Neither party expected for the war the
magnitude or the duration which It has
already attained. Neither anticipated
that the cause of the conflict might cease
with, or even before, the conflict itself
should cease. Each looked for an easier
triumph, and a result less fundamental
and astounding. Both read the same
Bible, and pray to the same God; and
eajh invokes his aid against the other.
It may seem strange that any men should
dare to ask a just God's assistance in
wringing their bread from the sweat of
other men's faces; but let us Judge not
that we be not Judged. The prayers of
both could not be answered that of
neither has been answered fully.
The Almighty has his own purposes.
"Woe unto the world because of offenses!
for It must needs be that offenses come;
but woe to that man by whom the offense
cometh." If wo shall suppose that Amer
ican slavery Is one of those offenses
which. In the providence of God, must
needs come, but which, having continued
through his appointed time, he now wills
to remove, and that he gives to both
North and South this terrible war, as tha
woe due to those by whom the offensa
came, shall we discern therein any de
parture from those divine attributes
which tho believers in a living God al
ways ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope
-fervently do we pray that this mighty
scourge of war may speedily pass away.
Yet, If God wills that It continue until all
tho wealth piled by the bondman's 2fi0
years of unrequited toil shall bo sunk,
and until every drop of blood drawn with
the lash shall be paid by another drawn
with the sword, as was said S00O years
ago, so still It must be said, "The Judg
ments of the Lord are true and righteous
altogether."
With malice toward none; with charity
for all; with firmness in the right, as God
gives us to see the right let us strive on
to finish the work we are In; to bind up
the Natlon'3 wounds; to care for him
who shall have borne the battle and for
his widow, and his orphan to do all which
may, achieve and cherish a Just and last
ing peace among ourselves, and with all
nations. ..