32
THE SUNDAY OBEGONIAN, . POETLAND". JUNE 24, 1900.
ONE HUNDRED YE;ARS AGO
JOURNALISM AT THE BEGINNING
OP TnE CENTURY.
Fenr Old Xewspapers Foaad la the
Family Client of a Well-KnoTvn.
Resident of Portland.
T. B. Howes, of this city, vice-president
end general manager of the American
District Telegraph Company, has a number
of very old newspapers. Dating back, as
they do, to the early history of the Re
public, they possess a quaint and peculiar
Interest. These venerable reminders of
the past present most unique sidelights
upon the topics of those days of the long
ago, alike profitable to the student of his
tory, or the mere searcher after the curi
ous. Mr. Howes possesses four of these
ancient Journals. They are the Massa
chusetts Mercury and three copies of tho
New England Palladium, of different
dates. Tho Massachusetts Mercury bears
date of Friday, October 17, 1800. The
three copies of the New England Pallad
ium are dated, respectively. Friday, June
2, 1809; Tuesday, January 14, 1812; and Fri
day, April 16, 1S13. All these papers were
printied at Boston. Mass.
The Massachusetts Mercury was found
ed about 17S4. Tho New England Pal
ladium was established in Boston in 1753.
Young & Minns were the publishers, and
the .paper was issued by those "printers
to the state," on Congress street. The
New England Palladium was subsequently
merged with the Boston Advertiser. Both
the Mercury and Palladium were consid
ered Influential journals in their day, and
fulfilled their mission In molding the
thought of their timea.
Vell-Prcncrved Copies.
Tho papers in the possession of Mr.
Howes are In a remarkable state of pres
ervation. Each is a flve-column folio,
about the size of the average four-pago
Sunday school paper of today. The paper
upon which they are printed is consider
ably heavier and coaner than that em
ployed nowadays; the print is clear and
legible. Upon, tho margins of the papers
is the name of the subscriber, "J Howes,
Esq.," written in ink. The characters
are as distinct and easily read as the day
they were written.
Jeremiah Howes, of Massachusetts, was
the great-grandfather of T. B. Howes,
of Portland. Through tho painstaking
care of Jeremiah Howes, the papers were
preserved. They formed part of a
bundle containing some 20 or CO copies, and
placed in a wooden box and stowed away
in an old garret. As father succeeded
son, this box or "generation chest," as
it was termed in tire Howes family, de
scended from one hand to another, down
to the present time. Practically forgot
ten, it lay through all the passing gener
ations. Some years ago, while on a visit
to Massachusetts, T. B. Howes resurrect
ed the old "generation chest." In the
division of the contents between himself
and his brother wore included the old
newspapers. In one of them not those
in T. B. Howes possession appears an
account of tho death of President "Wash
ington. A heavy black border and turned
column rules servo to emphasize the
event.
Jeremiah Howes.
Some special reference to Jeremiah
Howes himself are not out of place. He
was tho Lieutenant of a company of Colo
nials stationed at Dorchester Heights
during tho Revolution. His commission
as such officer is now owned by his great
grandson. This document Is wonderfully
well preserved. Jeremiah Howes was
about SO at the time of his death, which
occurred about 1S2L It was In March,
1776, that "Washington occupied Dorchester
Heights. At this time Lieutenant Howes
must have been about 45 years of age. It
will be remembered that on that event
ful night, prior to March, 17, 1776, follow
ing a stormy day, the Continentals com
pleted strong fortifications, rendering
abortivo any attack by General Howe,
the British Commander. This led to tho
embarkation of his army in the ships of
the English fleet, and its departure for
Halifax.
The old town of Yarmouth, Mass., was
founded in 1633, in the county of Barn
stable, on Cape Cod. Thomas Howes, an
ancestor of the Revolutionary Lieutenant,
was one of the founders of Yarmouth,
and one of the grantees, from the Ply
mouth Colony, of the land upon which
tho town was built. The title deeds cover
ing the transfer are now In T. B. Howes'
hands.
To Teturn to these old Boston newspa
pers. The obso'ete forms of expression
havo a quaint flavor. The queer ways of
spoiling, the odd. old-style, long "s" and
many other peculiar things servo to show
the distinction between Journalism in this
country a century since and that of to
day. It is strange to note that many
medicines now advertised were advertised
own then. Others are now no longer
known, but have gone the usual way of
quack nostrums.
Some Remedies.
In the century-old Mercury one Dr. Ham
ilton's "Grand Restorative" !s represented
to be a sovereign remedy for the "cure
of the various complaints which result
from dissipated pleasures, the Immoderate
use of tea," etc. An "excellent corn
plalstor" (plaster) has a first-page loca
tion, "next to pure reading matter," as
tho advertising contracts cay. Some
body's preparation for "rheumatisms" and
one for "hooping cough" (minus the "w"),
are mentioned. One Dr. Jackson in his
professional card "Informs the public that
he has, at present, a supply of cowpox
matter, and Inoculates for this disease."
This appears at a time only four years
after Jenner'3 dl5covery of vaccination
(179G). and marks the early stages of this
method tor preventing the spread of small
pox. An advertisement for the "Hay Market
Theater," of that olden time, appears odd
ly enough now. It reads thus:
October J7.
"pHE Public are respectfully Informed
the Entertainments announced for last
Evening were from the unfavorable ap
pearance of the weather, postponed till
THIS EVENING. Friday, October 17,
when the favorite Comedy of
SPEED THE PLOUGH.
With the Farce of
Set a Beggar on Horseback, and He'll
Ride to the Devil.
And a New Song of A.B.C. by Mrs. Baker
"With a Variety of Entertainments
for the Benefit of
Mess. DOWNIE & COWLES, & Mrs.
BAKER.
Will actually be performed.
Imagine a theatrical performance in
this . age being postponed on account of
"the. unfavorable appearance of the
weather!" From another advertisement
it would appear that those staid old New
Englanders were not averse to Indulging
in lottery tickets. The advertisement an
nounces the following:
"Three Thousand Dollnrat
"Yesterday the drawing of the Philan
thropic Lottery recommenced. The draw
ing will be completed without any further
delayance. Those who Intend to purchase
tickets had better apply Immediately,
whilst the wheels- are favourable to pur
chasers. "The following- is a Kst of prizes wh!ch
remain in the wheels undrawn, viz.: 1 of
3000. 8 of 500. 12 of 100. IS of 50 and 97 of
23 dollars and not two blanks to a prize.
Tickets and Quarters, warranted un
drawn, may be had at the Lottery Office.
No. 39. Cornhlll, from 6 o'clock in the
morning to the same hour in the even
ing. ' A correct list of the drawn num-
Vbe
vbera exhibited gratis. Oct. 17."
Thle Is assuredly quite a drop from the
ways of the days of Governor WInthrop
and the Puritans.
A communication from John Jay, who
was envoy to Great Britain In 1794, con
cerning his mission, appears In the Mer
cury. A brief reference to the Jay treaty,
which he secured on that mission, is apro
pos. By the terms or -the treaty, the east
ern" boundary of Maine was determined,
and the citizens of the United States ob
tained' more for $10,000,000 for illegal cap
tures by British cruisers. Ab the treaty
failed to make any provisions relating to
Impressment, or regulations of neutrality
between the British and French priva
teers. It was violently denounced by Jay's
political enemies. He was even burned
In efligy at Boston.
But. despite all calumnious attacks.
President "Washington ratified the treaty,
with the approval of the Senate, August
14, 1795. In his letter, printed In the
Mercury, Mr. Jay spiritedly defended him
self against the anti-Federalists. It seems
these had circulated a report, and even
published an itemized statement, purport
ing to give the total of Mr. Jay's ex
penditures while abroad as $52,720 So. He
thus replies to the animadversions: -Jay's
Reply.
"Being at Philadelphia on official busi
ness, in May, 1794, President "Washington
desired me to go as Envoy to Great Brit
ain. I earnestly endeavored to fix his
attention elsewhere; but he persevered,
and I found it Impossible to reconcile It
with my duty to persist In declining the
appointment. Circumstanced as I was,
and aware of the business, of the tem
per of the times and of tho union of cer
tain Interests against any amicable set
tlement with Great Britain, personal con
siderations opposed my undertaking the
task. "When I finally yielded to the Pres
ident's request, I told him that I declined
any compensation for my services; that
my necessary and actual expenses only
should be paid, but that my stated sal
ary as Chief Justice must be continued."
Mr. Jay further remarked that "calum
ny1 has been an engine of party, in all
countries, and particularly In elective
governments." He shows, further, and
by Incontestable evidence, that he only
expended JIS.OOO, all of which was ac
counted for to the United States Treas
ury. Thus was "another lie nailed," as
the political organs of this day would
say.
There is an account of the death of
General Kleber, the Commander-in-Chief
of the French army In Egypt, who was
appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte. It
was after he had subdued a revolt that
he was assassinated' by a Moslem fa
natic, at Cairo. June 14. This atfeount
shows how slowly news traveled In those
days. "When it Is- realized that the paper
"is announcing as news an occurrence that
took place four months and three days
prior to its publication, it seems rather
odd.
The Palladium.
The New England Palladium of June 2,
1S09, contains many curious references.
For instance, one A. Clark "informs his
friends and the public" of his "boarding
school for lads, opposite the Rev. Mr.
Bates' meotimy-house, in Dedham." He
says he can instruct boys "in the latin
and- greek languages, English grammar,
reading, writing, arithmetlck, geography
and history."
Even In the early part of the nineteenth
century, political parodies occasionally
appeared in the newspapers. The Palla
dium, of the Issue now under considera
tion, publishes a poem on James Madison,
parodied from Robert Burn's "John An
derson. My Jo." Tho paper states that It
was sung"at the late celebration in Al
bany of the triumph of Federal Repub
licanism in the recent election In New
York State." Here Is a sample verse:
James Madison, my Joe-Jem, now tell us what
you mean?
Will you pursue your patron's steps, lnvislon
and in dream?
Tho Nation's razins on you, Jem, and much
expect, you know
Don't disappoint their fondest hopes, James
Madison, my Joe.
Madison, the third President, was elect
ed this year (1800). It was then that the
embargo law was replaced by a non-intercourse
law, prohibiting trade with
England and France, 'but allowing it with
the-Test of the world. Jefferson handed
over to hi successor the prospect of an
immediate war. As the war materialized,
the supporters of Madison could not com
plain of "James Madison, My Jo," for
ho did not "disappoint their fondest
hopes."
There was evidently no gag applied by
a censor to the press in those days, as
the following editorial paragraph attests
no leee-majeste:
"The Indications which Governor Lin
coln could see of a friendly adjustment
with France have not been visible to cur
dim-sighted President and Congress!! His
Honor had better lend them his specta
cles." The President referred to Is Madison."
One Joseph Callender advertises "Genu
ine .Spanish Cigarrs" that "are pro
nounced, by Judges that have smoaked
them" of fine quality.
Gerry, Anti-Federalist.
The New England Palladium, dated
January 14, 1812, is a rare old paper. It
contains .a speech delivered by Elbridge
Gerry before the Senate and House of
Representatives of Massachusetts, late in
the previous year, at the time he was
tho anti-Federalist Governor of the state.
Considerable Interest clusters about El
bridge Qerry's name. He was Interested
In naval operations during the Revolu
tion; was a member -of the Continental
Congress, and was one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence. He also
assisted In framing the Constitution of
tho United States, although he refused to
sign it. In his legislative address, which
occupies six columns, there is such a be
wildering moss of information that It Is
difficulty to make an excerpt. One point
that attracts the attention Is his refer
ence to tho successful termination of the
Revolution and the founding of the Order
of tho Cincinnati. He also alludes to
British Impressment of American seamen
in his address. Touching this matter, he
said:
"Thus It appears by the public law, that
our National Government has for many
years past had a right to repel that mon
arch who has Invariably vitiated its per
fect rights; that foreign recruiters, who
use no force to enlist volunteers, are sub
ject to be Immediately hanged; that the
press-gang of Great Britain, having forci
bly taken from vessels of the United
States their native citizens, have com
mitted crimes of a deeper dye, and have
richly merited a similar punishment; and
that man-teallng. sanctioned as It has
been by His Britannic Majesty, in o
flagrant a degree. Is, and for a long time
has been, a Just cause for declaring war
against him."
Ono final extract from these relics of
Journalism of tho historic past will serve
to bring this to a close. Here It is a
"Congress Epigram," as the Palladium
calls it:
The Demo's in va striko to make an excuse.
For their much-boasted Speaker's low. vulgar
abuse;
Whilst the Federalists, sticking to truth,
plainly say.
That nothing but dirt was expected from Clay.
CHARLES E. SAWYER.
Crooned the Grent Divide.
The editor of "The Lost Creek Lyre"
thus describes a llttlo incident of everyday
edltorial life in that lively camp:
When he lit inside our sanctum
"We most cotirteouslr thanked him
For the honor he had paid as by the call,
' And his hand -shot like a rocket
To his 'arsenal hip pocket
As he passed a rude remark about our gall.
He had come prepared to nght us.
To unmercifully smite us.
On his mortuary feace to hang our hide.
But our nerve was workln steady
And our Gatllng gun was ready
And he prematurely crossed the great divide!
Denver Post..
IN THE PROMISED LAND
EASTERN OREGON'S COLONY OF
"WEST VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN FOLK
Llttle-KaotTO Settlement of Hardy,
God-Fearlnfr, Contented and
Hospitable People.
On the spurs of tho Powder River
Mountains. Just east of the Grand Rondo
River, in Wallowa County, Or.. He thou
sands of acres of fertile, heavily timber
ed, well-watered Government land. There
is probably no other region In the United
States, of which there is so little known ' More bent to,18 the wretched than to rise,
by the outside world as this. It is 50 In these days of eham and show, It l
miles to Elgin, -the nearest railroad point, J refreshing 'to attend one of these unpre
over a road which Is none of the best. J tentious meetings, to listen to theold
A few years ago, about 50 families of fashioned hymns, when ' some brother
MEN JN THE
MARK
"West Virginia mountaineers, tired of
struggling for a livelihood on the poverty-stricken
hills of their native state,
began to look about for a place where
they could better their condition. By
some means their attention was directed
to Eastern Oregon, and, rising like" a
flock of migratory birds, they flow West
and settled down -on these fertile hills.
The head of each family took up 1C0
acres of land, under the homestead law,
and at once began- to clear away the for
ert and open a farm. So delighted were
the settlers with their new location,
that they named It "The Promised Land,"
and the settlement is known by that name
all over that part of the state.
Clearing away and disposing of the
heavy timber was no easy task. Great
trees, many of them more than 100 feet
high, and from two to three reet in diam
eter, were cut down, sawed Into lengths
that coiT"d be moved rolled together ami
burned. Just to get rid of thean. It seem
ed like wanton destruction to bum
these magnificent trees; but there was no
other way, and the monarchs of the for
est had to go. The newcomers cut logs
and built for themselves cabins more or
less pretentious, according to their means.
Each one helped the other, and these
"homo raisings" served the double pur
pose of making homos and promoting
sociability.
Old-Fanhioncd Honpltnllty.
The men are strong, hardy, sober, in
dustrious and sensitive, quick and will
ing to do an act of kindness, and equally
quick to resent an insult or an injury.
The women are pictures of health and ro
bust womanhood. The people are noted
for their hospitality. The visitor, -be he
friend or stranger, is always welcomed
In the old-time Southern manner. The
best his host can provide is set before
him. and an offer to pay is regarded- as
an Insult. The members -of the commun
ity are primitive In manner of Irving, as
pioneers must be, but then kind-heartedness,
their hospitality and their keen
sense of hocor proclaim the gentle blood
of the "old Dominion." The "Promised
Land" Is a neighborhood, all to itself;
being so remote from every settlement,
the people do not suffer for want of el
bow room. While their life is made up
of days of hard work, they are not with
out amusements. The evenings in Sum
mer are short, and after va long days'
work, cultivating their crops, they ore
tired enough to want to rest.
But. during the Winter, they have
more time for enjoyment. The days are
spent in clearing away the timber and
taking care of their stock, and the long
evenings are devoted to social Inter
course. Almost every week some on of
the neighbors gives a party, and old and
young gather in the log cabin and pass
the hours away to the music of the fid
dle, and when "The Arkanf as Traveler."
"Tho Irish Washerwoman" and "The
Devil's Dream" take the place of Schu
bert's "Serenade." Chopin's "Polonaise."
etc., of the fashionable olty gatherings.
If the youngsters want to Indulge in a
dance, the room is cleared, the young fel
lows select their partners and. while one
of their number "calls off" the others
keep time to the merry strains of the
music. These amusements may be crud-
or even rude, but they recall Goldsmith's
lines:
O luxury! Thou cursed by heaven' decree.
How ill exchangid are things like these for
thee.
In their religious life and they are all
church members the people of the Prom
ised Land are as primitive as they are In
other respects. They are nearly. If not
all. members of -the Christian or Camp
belllte church, and they believe In doing
right. The little log schoolhouse Is util
ized as a church on Sunday. The minis
ter Is a regular old-timer, who pounds
the pulpit, while he expounds the gospel
of hell-fire and brimstone. In the Bloom
Ington (Ind.) Star, which Is being ed
ited, "as the devil would edit it," his
Satanic Majesty Is made to say, editor
ially: Satnn'a Editorial.
"The world moves, and things are com
ing my way fast. Even the churches are
falling Into line. "When the old-fashioned
preacher of former days pounded the
pulpit and preached straight to the text,
l,4. wiiBt':'i
'Christ and him crucified I had a pret
ty hard road, but now, with the 'liberal
and up-to-date preachers, I am getting
along easy."
If pounding the pulpit would make It
hard, the devil would have a hard road to
travel In the Promised Land. If anybody
wants to hear a specimen of the good
old-fashioned simon-pure gospel of 50 or
100 years ago, let him attend "preachln "
in the little log schoolhouse, with these
"West Virginia mountaineers. Tho preach
er is not a salaried one. The force of the
"call" does not depend on the amount
of money he Is to get; he thankfully
takes what the people give him on Sun
day, and works during the week. He
may teach the little district school, but
he preaches for the good It does.
Um Wilful ho to fawn, or seek for power,
Iy doctrine fasnloncd to the varying hour;
For other alms his heart had learned to prise.
PUBLIC-EYE.'
HANNA.
"raises the tune," and tho entire congre
gation Joins In the singing.
The Inhabitants of The Promised Land
are not up todate In many other ways.
Notably, they are hardly ever sick, and
they don't take much medicine, for there
is not a doctor or a drug store, or any
other store, for that matter, nearer than
25 miles. -3o they don't indulge In popu
lar panaceas, nor In popular luxuries.
They live healthy, out-door lives, work
hard, keep regular hours, fear God and j
make good citizens or tne great aiaie oi
Oregon, and of the United States.
H. B. METCALF.
Quick an n Winlc.
A wink lis quick, but not so quick but
that photography and a watch can jneas
ure the rapidity of its motions. The clos
ing of the eye, the rest and the opening
of it have been measured and are found
Sfu. ? r. i i ii -""V"
This is a 'quick wink, and winks have
been measured that required 40 thou
sandths of. a second more time.
For these measurements especially ar
ranged photographic apparatus Is re
quired, and then when a bit of white pa
per Is placed, on the eyelid. Its mqtlon can
bo accurately determined. In a qv.ck
wink the closing of the eye has been found
to require 75 thousandths of a second, tho
rest twice as long and the "opening 170
thousandths of a second.
'KOP-JEE;" RIVAL OF "13-14-15.
illVill
1 -tH U lttiHra IwJa
isSPlllillllliM
'raallBHv
' vMH it , J HSBreml
' LATEST PUZZLE GAME OF THE EAST.
Tho newest puzzle to weary the brains of New Yorkers is "Kop-Jee." which is played with
a flat, clrdular box. about 44 Inches In diameter and half an Inch deep, and which contains
six ordinary marbles. The same Is simple enough, and the Inventor says "It can bo done in
a minute, ir you know how."
The bottom "of the box Is a flat surface, which is ridged twice about a sixteenth of an inch
the first rldfe qr piano forming a circle about half an Inch ,rotn the side of the box. and
the next rldjre about half an inch further toward the center. This makes a raised circle
in the center, which Is known as the "kop-Jce." In the middle of It Is a small hole, and
on the lower raised portion art. five other holes. The marbles are all alike, except one, and
the object Of th puzzle Is to work that one marblo Into the bole In the upper "kop-Jee" and
then surround it with the other five marbles, each In a hole In the lower rldge.
To many this appears at first glance to be Impossible, and It would be if the marbles
were kept rolling In the box. But there Is a movement by which the marbles can bo so shitted
that they 'tan be put Into position, one at a time, where they will almost drop into the
holes. This is particularly true of tho marble which Is to go on the top plane. It being
about thO'laslest one to get in place.
But thaf'5 If you know how. Most persons don't. And they spend wild "hours trying to
find out. Perhaps that Is why the Inventor has printed this warning on the box: "Be alone
when you try ksp-Jeo. Don't have a parrot In tho house."
NEST OF THE BALD EAGLE
CARTLOADS OF WOOD OFTEf TTSED
IN ITS CONSTRUCTION.
Its Predatory Ocapanta Foraplns
Propensities FiilnavrU and
Owls Tor Neighbor.
At the tops of tall old trees In the heart
of swamps and heavy woodland, situated
usually In the vicinity of water, the bold
eagle builds. Its nest, a great mass of
tangled roots and decayed branches from
the surrounding trees, or of driftwood
from the shore, is a conspicuous land
mark for many miles around. Several
cartloads of wood are frequently used In
the construction, and some of the eyries
are occupied by the eame birds for years.
From two to three eggs of a dull" white
color and slightly larger than the domes
tic duck egg are deposited by the eagles
In February and March, and the young
birds come out of the shells In time to
get tho benefit of the- great run of fish in.
tho water of the bay early in the Spring.
Thofood of the young "birds consists
mainly of fish, wild fowls and occasion
ally small animals.
The eagle's habit of robbing the fish
hawk of its well-earned prey is charac
teristic of its foraging propensities. Fre
quently, when hungry, the great birds
follow the flshbawk, and as the hawk
arises from the water, after a plung?,
with a cry the eagle sweeps downward
upon the unfortunate fisher .and. causing
him to drop his prey, will, with a sudden
motion, grasp the fish hi Its talons and,
soaring upward, leave the ill-fated hawk
screaming with rage below hlm. The
eagles bully the flshhawks to such an ex
tent that the poor birds are afraid to
meet their tormentors, and begin to cry
out In a most pathetic manner when the
eagles appear. As scavengers about the
shores of the bay and Its tributaries, the
eagles are somewhat akin to the vultures,
as they appropriate the dead fish and
other flesh which is washed up by the
waves.
Hunting for Food.
Although much of the eagle's prey
comes with but little exertion, there are
times when it becomes necessary for it to
work for food. The great birds have been
known when pressed by hunger, to swoop
down upon flocks of ducks, brant and
even wild gosse, selecting a particular
fowl as the flock scattered, and, giving
chase, usually securing the quarry after
a flight of several hundred yards. Wound
ed ducks and other smaller wild- fowl are
legitimate prey for the eagles, and on
the fresh-water marshes, muskrats which
are left In traps after sunrlso are fre
quently appropriated.
Domestic fowls also suffer from ra'ds
"of the eaglet, and as the farmers are. con
stantly en the watch for a shot at the
great birds the species is rapidly dimin
ishing. Along the water-courses or the
Eastern Shore are favorite haunts of the
eagles, and many nests are In the vicin
ity of the streams. Marketing the la ge
timber has destroyed many of the b-.t
nesting sites, and few very old nests now
remain In tho state.
The birds commonly known as black
eagles are the young during their firat
year, when tho plumage lacks the whiye
head and tall which adorns the adult.
During the second year, the erroneous
name of gray eagles Is commonly applied
to the birds, and they do not attain the
plumage marks of maturity until the
third moulting season.
At the top of tall trees on which the
branches grow sparsely, a mass of sticks,
leaves, moss and roots seems to be
dumped promiscuously Into a great pile
at the intersection of the highest limbs.
"Viewed from the top, the nest presents a
different aspect and the pkill and patient
labor manifested In the compact mass of
crooked sticks and roots have given It a
really artistic curver about the symmet
rical cup In which the eggs are laid.
Peraltitent Builder.
In any large area of "heavy timber sit
uated somewhat remote the birds build,
and if disturbed and broken up. they will
build and lay again. The young remain
in the nest until they become very fat
on the rats, squirrels, moles and other
small rodents and reptiles which form the
usual diet of eagles.
Occasionally, raids upon the barnyards
have gained for the bald eagle the name
of hen or chickens hawk, and the en.nl y
of the farmer. The red-tail eagle is much
! more addicted to the poultry habit than
1 J? .. . . ,,,,' fll . c.mor.tT.
Its relative, but through their similarity
of appearance the chicken-raisers do not
discriminate between them, and the red
shouldered, which rarely approaches the
poultry yard, is frequently hunted down
for the misdeeds of another species.
In the lowlands and deep, inaccess'blo
swamps, where the trees grow thick and
water covers the ground during the W'n
ter and Spring, the great horned owls
are at home. They can be heard uncan-
nlly hooting in the dark recesses of the
woodland. Just after New Year's the
owls begin looking about for a building
site. In the' depths of a-convenient hol
low, or upon the old nest of a crow or
hawk, the owls, after much patching to
suit .their Individual tastes, some time
during February, deposit their clutch of
two or three white, globular eggs.
Close sitting Is required during Incuba
tion at this cold season, and Instances
have been noted where, during a violent
snow storm, both the nest and incubating
bird have been covered with several
inches of snow. Many eggs are destroyed
by1 the crows, who suck them. The owls
which choose the hollows for their nest
ing site, escape this source of danger,
and it Is strange that more of the species
do not utilize these natural tree cavities.
Youbk Oirls.
The young owls when hatched are white
and resemble balls of thistle down. Small
animals, birds and reptiles are included
In the bill of fare of the owls, and their
nocturnal foraging often brings them, into
contact with the poultry yards.
Tho barred owl Is closely allied In hab
its to the great horned, nesting about the
same time and under like conditions. An
absence of the long ear tufts and a round,
human-like face are characteristics of the
species. The deep-toped, mirthless laugh
ter of tho barred owla which Inhabit the
remote swamps of the Eastern Shore,
makes a great Impression upon the su
perstitious colored persons living In their
vicinity and frequently cause the wood
land to be dubbed "haunted." in their
category of places they refuse to ap
proach after r.lghtfall.
During April, especially the first of the
month, many other hawks and owls build
their nests, and by the first of May. when
the song birds begin to mate, the owls
and all of the large hawks, except per
haps the fishhawk, have hatched their
offspring.' or are well under way with
the incubating process. Baltimore Sun,
PASSPORTS NOT REQUIRED.
Americans Mny Travel In Europe
"Without Them Pant UaKes.
"Passports are not required in Europe."
said Mr. Hunt. Chief of the Passport Bu
reau of the Department of State, recently
to a reporter of the Chicago Record.
"That is to say, a passport Is not needed
to secure admission to any of the; coun
tries except liussla and Turiiey.- Should
the tourist Intend to remain at any par
ticular place on the Continent for a long
time; should he Intend to take up a tem
porary residence or engage in business,
for example, then he is called upon to
establish his identity, and this can best
bo done by means of a passport. The
present passport Is not. the old passport
or international law. That was a safe
conduct to a man, with permission to go
through a country, given by the ruler of
that country. It then became a paper
given by a sovereign to a person about to
enter upon a voyage, requesting the sov
ereigns of the countries to be visited to
permit him to enter. The language, used
in our passports now is to let the person
to whom It Is Issued pass freely, and to
give him all lawful aid and protection.
"As a matter of fact, the American
passport has never been issued to a for
eigner to travel in this country, as a pass
port has never been required here, except
In brief periods and limited areas during
war times. The passports which are being
Issued in such large nunsbers now are cer
tificates of American citizenship and an
evidence of the person who holds it to the
right of American protection. The only
real passports, in the old international law
sense, that the Department of State has
ever Issued were sent to Mr. Polo, the
Spanish Minister, and Lord Sackville
West, the British Minister.
Merely n Forinnlity.
"They were addressed to officers of the
United States, giving safe conduct to the
bearers, and were merely a formailty.
having no weight at all, because anybody
Is free to travel In the United States ro
long" as he does not violate the law. Oc
casionally a foreign Minister about to go
away on leave asks for and receives from
the department one of tfhese safe con
ducts, but they are rare and have not
numbered three in three years.
"The ordinary passport issued by other
governments is similar to that which we
give our citizens, both in wording and
purpose. Some foreign countries, before
recognizing the validity of a passport, re
quire that a 'vise' be affixed, denoting
that it has been examined and is authen
tic. The vls in some cases must be at
tached In the country wh-are the passport
Is issued, by a diplomatic or consular of
ficer of the government requiring It;
sometimes simply by such officer any
where, and then again at times at the
frontier of the country to Which admis
sion Is sought. Should an American citi
zen, either native or naturalized, require
a passport or Identification while abroad,
he has the right to call upon the nearest
American diplomatic or Consular officer
for it.
"It is safe for an American citizen to
visit any country of Europe, provided he
has not violated the laws in any of them.
In those nations where military service is
required of subjects, a native emigrating
to the United States and taking up citi
zenship here is free to return, provided
he has not been summoned to perform
the service at the time he departed; but
no naturalized citizen can return to his
mother country with impunity. If he vio
lated any of the laws, deserted from the
army, etc.. he will probably be n-?prehend-ed
by the parent government upon his re
turn, and the passport will not protect
him, because a man cannot avoid .pun
ishment for the Infringement of the laws
of one country by becoming a citizen of
another.
Retrardinn; Citizenship.
"Russia, Turkey, a"hd in a less degree
Italy and Switzerland, adhere to the doc
trine of perpetual allegiance. Switzerland
and Italy do not commonly assert It
against subjects who have become natu
ralized citizens of the United States. The
Department of State has had prolonged
correspondence protesting against the at
titude of Turkey and Russia, but has
been unable so far to secure the desired
concessions.
"Our laws, you know, do net extend be
yond the Jurisdiction of this Government,
and while we may by statute proclaim
the right of expatriation, we cannot en
force It in either Russia or Turkey. The
Czar of Russia and the Sultan of Turkey,
when our citizens enter their domains,
have to be consulted concerning this di
vine right. The tendency of all modern
International Intercourse Is in favor of
its recognition, but that will do one little
good, should he be arrested In Russia or
Turkey and -thrown into jail. There he
may, it is true, reflect upon his divine
and also upon his actual Incarceration.
"As a matter of fact, neltner Kussia nor
Turkey carries its power to an extreme.
It frequently happens that a naturalized
citizen returning to his home In either
country is apprehended and thrown Into
prison. Things are made uncomfortable
for him for awhile, and he. Is subsequent
ly released with a warning. His experi
ence Is a sufficient lesson to warn others
never to return, and thus the purpose of
the Czar and the Sultan Is accomplished."
- Yes and Nol
Come skeptic thinker, heathen.
Pray hearken unto me;
A question I would ask theo
Anent life's mystery.
Give but the heart's own annwer.
Kot reasons what should st te;
An answer aye, far truer
Than research could'st teach thee.
Wert ever thou the parent
Of a child a world to thee
nave death to dispossess then.
Doubt'st Immortality ?
Arthur D. Marshall in Astoria Dally News.
m
Couldn't Hurt Him.
-vfn mn. the new boarder has just fallen
A out of the third-story windewl".
"Don t worry, my aear; ue umj yiat4.iv-
ing his brutal-brothers act for the Summer
vaudeville season." Clcveiana riaan vesu-
SPRIGHTLY SARAH GRAND
DECLINES TO LOOK UPON MAN AS
HAYING ONLY FAULTS.
On the Contrary, Finds Him Qult
an Estimable Creature, and Bids
Woman View Herself.
Sarah Grand, the well-known authoress
In proposing the toast, "Mero Man," at
the annual women's banquet of ths
Whltefriars Club, in London: England,
recently, spoke "right out In meetln'.'
Said she:
"I decline to be accused of caKing man
any names. I do not decline out of con
sideration for 'mere men altogether, but
in self-defense. To use such an expres
sion deprives me of any dignity which
I might myself derive from the dignity
of my subject.
"The saying is. 'In small things, libertsv
In groat things, unity; in a-1 things, char
ity.' but when you meet a man who do
scribes himself as a 'mere man.' yon
would always do well to ask what ha
wants, for since man first swung himself
from his bough in the forest primeval
and stood upright on two legs, he has
never assumed that position for nothing.
My own private opinion, which I con
fide to you, knowing it will go no fur
ther, is that he assumes that tone, as sj
rule, to overawe sovereign woman.
" 'Mere man' Is a paradoxical creature.
It is not always possible to distinguish
between his sober earnest and h:s leg
pulling exercises. One has to be on one's
guard, and woe be to the woman who
In these days displays that absence of
the sense of humor which is such a
prominent characteristic of our comic pa
pers. .
"I do not mean to say for a moment
that man assumed his 'mere man tone
for unpleasant purposes. On tho con
trary, he assumes it for party purposes
as a rule for dinner-party purposes.
When man is In his 'mere man" mood.
sovereign woman would do well to aalc
for anything that she wants, for it la
then that he holds the scepter out to her.
Unfortunately, the mood does not last;
if It did, he would have given us thei
suffrage years ago.
Uitlandcr and Boer.
"Sovereign woman is the Ult'ander of
civilization, and man is her Boer. It
seems to me that woman is very much in
the position of Queen Esther; she has her
crown and her kingdom, and her royal
robes, but she is liable to have her head,
snapped off at any moment. On the other
hand, there are hundreds of men who
have their heads snapped off every day.
Mere man has his faults, no doubt, hut
woman can also be a rasping sort oC
creature, esr-x:ially If she does not culti
vate sympathy with cigarettes, as sha
grows o'der.
"Let us be fair to 'mere man.' Ha
has always treated me with exemplary
fa'rness. and I certainly have never main
tained that the blockhead majority is en
tirely composed of men. neither have I
ever Insinuated that it is man that makea
all tho misery-
"Personally, and speaking as a woman
whose guiding prlncip' through life has
been to never do anything for herself
that she could get a nice man to do for
her. a principle which I have found en
tirely successful. and which I strongly
recommend to every other woman: per
sonally. I have always found man an
cxcelent comrade.
"He has stood by me loyally, and held
out an honest hand to me, and lent me hia
strength when mine to? falling,' and
helped me gallantly over many an awk
ward bit of the way. and that, too, at
times when sovereign woman whom I
had so respected and admired and cham
pioned, had nothing for me but bonnet
pins. Men Stand by "Women.
"In the great republic of letters to
which I have the honor to belong In tho
distinguished position of the letter 'Z
my experience Is that woman suffers no
Indignity at the hands of man on account
of her sex. That is the sort of experience
which creates a prejua'ce. It giv3 one
a sort of an 'ilea that there are men in.
the world who would stand by a woman
on occasion; and I mu3t confess that I
bgan life with a very strong prejudice
of that kind.
"For a woman to have had a good
father Is to have be-n bom an heiress.
If you had asked me as a child who ran
to help me when I fe!I, I should have
ans"-cred. 'My daddy.' When a woman
begins life with a prejudice of this kind,
she never gets over It. The prejudice of
a man for his mother Is feeble In com
parison with the prejudice of a woman
for her father, when she has had a man
for her father
"It has be-n said that the best way to
manage men is to feed the brute; but
woman never made that discovery tor
herself I believe It was a man In his
'mere man mood who first confided the
re-crct to same young wife in distress
somebody else's young wife. Feed and
flatter him. Why not? Is there any
thing more delightful in this world than
to b flattered and fed? Let us do as wo
would be done by.
"The thing about 'mere man which im-
presres me most, which fill? jne wit
the greatest respect, is not his courago
In the face of death, but the courago
with which he faces life. The way In
which we face death 13 not necessarily
more heroic than the way in which we
face life.
One Kind of "Mere Man."
"When it comes to facing life day after
day, as so many men have to face it thei
worklngmen. In all classes of society,
upon whom the home depends, men whosa
days are only too often a weary effort,
and whose nights are an ache of anxiety,
lest the strength should give out which
means bread when one thinks of tho
lives which these men live, and the way
in which they live them, the brave, un
complaining way in which they fight to
the death for those dear to them wh"n
one considers 'mere man from this point
of view, one Is moved to enthusiasm, ancl
one Is ram to conress tnat sovereign
woman on a pedestal Is a poor sort of
creature compared 'ntlth this kind of
'mere man, In that so often she not only
falls to help and cheer him In his herolo
efforts, but to appreciate that he Is mak
ing any effort at all.
"I positively refuse to subscribe to tho
assertion, 'How poor a thing is manP
It takes more genius to be a man than
manhood to be a genius. As to the differ
ences between men and women, I believa
that, when finally their accounts havo
been properly balanced, It will be found
that It has been a case of six of one and;
half a dozen of the other, both in tha
matter or sovereignty and mcreness."
Pointed Paragraph.
The world contains an oversupply ofi
average men.
The gold handled by a dentist is always
at a premium.
The man who is learning to play tha
cornet is his own tutor.
A girl loses her self-possession when
she puts on a wedding ring.
Usually the more money a man has tha
more selfish his children are.
A woman talks until things geto serious,
then she gives the man a chance.
It Is easy enough to find a seat in a
crowded street-car, but It Is always occu
pied. Every man knows howmean his ac-
niin'ntnr:.AC nrp hilt hp is never absolute
. I ly sure about himself. New York Herall.
. t