1 mp T-ej-grn. J.1
32
THE SUNDAY OBEGOXIAN, POBTLA2D. JTJjSE 10, 1900.
NEED FOR AN AMBULANCE
CITY SHOULD CARE DECENTLY FOR
VICTIMS OF ACCIDENT.
Woaadcd and Dyinff Fenoaa Should
JTet Be Carried Throok Public
Streets la Patrol Wasoa.
"Rattle his bones o'er the stones; he's only a
poor pauper that nobody owns!"
How suggestive this Is of the present
mode of conveying those -who have met
with accident in our beautiful City of
Portland to the hospital or elsewhere, for
the medical or surgical attention demand
ed by a severe case of Injury!
There la a crash; a good, honest) hard
working mechanic lies, a shattered maas,
beneath some crushing machinery. There
is a rush for help; the poor, bleeding body
la thrust into the patrol wagon, a vehicle
to which ignominy attaches, and then it
is carted over cobble-stone and car track,
with excruciating Jolt, at a "goto-colloct-my-bill"
gait. That it should be per
mitted in a civilized community is atro
cious. We have a society for the pre
vention of cruelty to animals; for the
bird in my lady's hat we heave a sigh of
regret, but for the injured human animal
we have a shrug of the shoulder, or, at
beet, a nonchalant sympathy. The spirit
of "am I my brother's helper?" is abroad
in the land.
Casting all feelings of sentiment aside
and loklng at the question from a matter-of-fact
standpoint, what is the exact sit
uation? It is true that there are several
ambulances in town, all belonging to pri
vate Institutions. The Good Samaritan
Hospital does not possess one. St. Vin
cent's Hospital has an excuse for one,
which is not often used, save for the car
rying of the laundry. A couple of livery
stables have one each, either of which
may be hired by the payment of a small
sum. All this does very well, when some
invalid who I likely to hang on several
years has to be moved. It is when some
accident occurs that difficulty arises.
Modnn Operandi.
The police are notified by telephone that
some one has been Injured; the officer In
charge of the station "rings up" the City
physician immediately, permitting his
arrival and that of the patrol wagon at
the scene of the accident about the same
time. Sometimes both appear in a few
minutes; then again there are times when
this is not the case. Word of the occur
rence is perhaps received when the patrol
wagon Is out. and then precious time is
lost. That may not occur often; never
theless it does occur. Why not prepare
for sudh a contingency?
But, more Important still, why make
use at all of a vehicle that is unfit for
the purpose of transporting Injured people
to a hospital? The stretcher placed In the
patrol wagon may do much toward the
avoidance of jar; blankets may furnish a
protection against the elements, uncon
sciousness, or extreme pain, may make
the sufferer Indifferent to a morbidly curi
ous gaze, or to the fact that some drunk
en wretch had occupied h!e place some
little while before. We may admit this,
and yet does not something within us re
volt against it all? What is to be done.
Said Dr. K. A. J. Mackenzie, when asked
to speak upon the subject: "I advocate a
City Hospital. Portland is large enough
to support one, and only by having one
could systematic ambulance work be ren
dered. There are plenty of ambulances
in town; the O. R. & N.. for example,
has a new one; but it Is the want of sys
tem that causes the trouble at present. All
this could be rectified by our having a
City Hospital."
Dr. Wheeler Satisfied.
Dr. Wheeler, City Physician, when
asked as to the desirability of a city hos
pital, replied that the city Is not large
enough to support one. "Taxation,"
said he, "Is heavy enough already. Even
the organization of an ambulance corps
would entail an expense which, could not
be borne. Present conditions are per
fectly satisfactory for a city the size of
Portland. In many of the large clues
of the Bast the patrol wagon is used ex
tensively for conveying Injured persons,
and I cannot see why -we should make
any changes, at least at present."
Dr. E. H. Thornton, surgeon for the
Wolf & Zwicker Iron Works for the past
10 years, was very forceSble in his re
marks. In speaking of the nse of the
patrol wagon for ambulance purposes ho
said: "It is simply barbarous; it Is atro
cious. Many times have I thought of
this when riding with some poor fellow
In the wagon and felt the terrible jolting.
Something should be done. The city Is
large enough to support a city hospital,
and that is What is most necessary at
present, for it would make an ambu
lance system possible. Why, it is inhu
man to place an Injured person In the
patrol wagon; a change Is imperative."
1 think that probably the use of the
patrol wagon Is well enough, under pres
ent oonditions,M said Dr. Harry Mackay.
County Physician. "What Is really neces
sary Is a vehicle for the removal of con
tagious oases of disease. Again and
again has Dr. Wheeler removed such
patients In his own buggy; I have done
likewise. It is barely possible that the
plague may reach the city, and should It
do so we have no means of removing
those suffering from it toy use of a city
vehicle. We mu6t have some sort or
ambulance for the removal of contagious
cases."
Diversity of Opinion.
Thus, among the physicians there is a
diversity of opinion, yet the consensus of
opinion is in favor of a city hospital, ana
falling that, at least a city ambulance.
Few of the physicians know how the
patrol wagon is used, from a personal
experience, but among those who pro
fessed to know there were conflicting
views. Many were the ideas given as to
the management of an ambulance corps.
Dr. J. F. Bell and Dr. B. B. Miller were
of the opinion that the police force should
take charge, while others thought that
the Board of Health should take upon
itself t&e management.
Again the question of cost arises. Is It
possible that a city the size of Portland
cannot afford to maintain a city ambu
lance? The same question arose In San
Francisco when Mrs. Herman Oelrlchs
and her sister, now Mrs. Vanderbllt, the
daughters of the late Senator Fair, pre
sented that city with the necessary ambu
lance equipment There seems no good
reason why Portland should be behind
San Francisco in this respect. Should we
wish funds for a fireworks display, the
necessary money would doubtless be
forthcoming, but when it comes directly
out of the city treasury It is a different
proportion. City Auditor Gambell claims
that the city is in no condition to sustain
any further expense; that the appropri
ation of 51800 per year, which he estimates
as needful for the maintenance of an am
bulance corps, is out of the question at
present. Others who are In a position to
know the state of the city finances are of
a similar opinion.
Said Dr. C C Strong: "No improve
ment will be made. The cry will be
raised that too much money Is expended
now. So there Is for the results secured."
Another class holds that a decent, re
spectable conveyance of Injured persons
by the city would prompt a demand for
free medical attendance, and so it runs,
and nothing is done.
ISABELLA POPE.
An Eclipse of the Sun Comes From
the 1Vent.
The New Llpplncott.
Move eastward, happy earth, and leave
Yon oranre sunset waning slow;
From fringes or the faded ere,
O happy planet, eastward go.
The eastward motion of the earth It is
which gives an apparent westward prog
ress to the sun. When we are on a mov
ieg train, going eastward, all the trees
and fixed objects seem to fly westward
as we pass them. The moon moves east
ward with the earth, but the shadow
of the moving moon, cast on the moving
earth, traverses the earth's surface from
west to east, and so any eclipse of the
sun by the moon will be visible earlier In
the West than In the East. We, north of
the equator, must view mentally, at
least celestial objects with our faces
southward. Locating In this way, the
sun, moon and earth, and remembering
the direction of the real motion of the
two planets, we shall see that a solar
eclipse must be first visible in or pro
ceed from the west, and a lunar one from
the east.
MAKE YOUR OWN TENT.
Hints for Yoangrster Who Are FohiI
of Camping: Oat.
Boys always begin to think about camp
ing out equipments as soon as Spring fairly
sets In. The most important thing to pro
vide for such an expedition is a tent, and,
as it costs a good deal of money to have
one made to order, perhaps the boys who
Intend to spend a few days in the woods
this Summer would like to know how to
make one themselves, and at a trifling
cost- This is the plan recommended by
the New York Tribune:
Buy nine yards of good, stout, yard-wide
cotton cloth, and cut into three strips of
three yards each. Sew these strips togeth-
er securely by overlapping, and there will
then be a piece three yards square. Make
a solution of 12 ounce of lime and five
ounces of alum In three gallons of watv.
and soak the cotton In It for a day. Rinse
It In warm rain water, and stretch in the
sun to dry. It will then re waterproof.
Having reached the camping-out place,
cut two poles eight feet long, each with
a fork at one end. Sink the other ends
in the ground about a foot, and beat the
earth well to keep them firmly In place.
These poles should be about eight feet
apart. Now cut another pole, about nine
feet long, and put it on top of tho other
two. resting In the forks. Cut two more
poles 10 feet long for tho sides of the
frame, resting one end of each pole on
on the crosspole and the other end on the
ground. Stretch the canvas over the frame
and tack it to the poles. One can make the
sides of a tent weather proof with the
boughs of cedars and other trees.
This Is the simplest and least expensive
tent one can have. The interior of the
tent, however, would be a little more
roomy and comfortable by putting up a
second frame In the rear similar to that
In front, say two feet high, and stretching
the canvas over that and thence to the
ground.
Select sloping ground to put the tent
on, so that If It rains the water will readily
run off; and also dig a little ditch around
the tent with an- outlet leading down the
incline. As the front of the tent will be
open unless one chooses to provide enough
canvas to close It It had better be placed
with the front toward the north or north
west, for storms will probably come from
the south or the southwest.
The rude hut described for It Is little
else will no doubt seem flimsy shelter to
those who have never occupied one, but
Ku&kxttMmS&e&f oSSl kMa. JE&WWwiSsaPW affinal Jw!Wfmr$-
B ;XHmHu9He9BSS8 jflk iJiYSyff 1 1 riff Tfr4HES: &&K&-tGf -JrSl WfKSiii'rSrKi WB2JfMfrrVX t i &J&?
AN ABSENT-MINDED NATION.
(With, apologies to Mr. Kipling.)
"When you've sacrificed to Moloch, drained your nation to the bone;
"When you've sniped oft every burgher from his hill:
Will you squarely do some thinking of the Lord God on His throe e '
And remember His command. "Thou shalt not kill?"
You're an absent-minded nation and your vision see3 but part.
You are brave to face the moment and to meet It; ,
But in doughty deed heroic, born from out 3 our swelling heart.
You forget, perchance, how history will repeat It.
Boer's son, your son. Son of the King of Kings!
By jour resolve, by your decree, still going forth to slay
The King will add thoe figures up (It Is well to think on these things);
Fall on your knees for your honor's sake and pray! pray! pray!
You're a great and mighty nation, noble, brae and very strong;
Bast and -west and north and south our flag's unfurled;
You are waging bitter warfare now, and be you right or wrong
Your every act becomes a fact to all the watching world.
When the day of fight Is finished, you must then make up your bookr
And. you'll let a friendly fellowman remind you.
You must enter on the debt side however hard to brook
The blood, the tears, the waste you've left behind you.
Your son. Boer's son. crushed In the crimson sod;
And which commingled dust Is yours j ou'll know not on that day.
War's work Is the deill's work (and how will j'ou answer God);
" Fall on your knees for your honor's sake and praj-! praj-! pray!
There are widows weeping frantic tears, poor little ones who cry.
And mother's shrieks whose souls have felt the sword;
From England fair and rugged elt the cries ascend on high;
Thej are noted by a Just and common Lord.
You're an absend-mlnded nation, but beware! do npt forget!
You must hand your book unto the King to scan it;
In your heart j-ou are too upright to risk piling up such a debt.
Just because a reckless Minister began It.
God's Son. Boer's son, 3our own son. proud and free;
There's a price for blood, oh, England, and that price you'll have to pay
When the Lord God audits your balance sheet. Oh, what will the profit be!
Fall on your knees for j-our honor's sake and pray! pray! pray!
New York World.
for perfect rest and the soundest ot sound
sleeping one will find it superior to tne
best room In a city house.
Fatal to His Success.
"I don't think I would ever make a
political speaker," said Mr. Meekton.
"Why notT
"I couldn't go through the ordeal The
very idea of my standing up and talking
for half an hour at a stretch, with Hen
rietta sitting in the audience not saying
a word makes me nervous." Washing
ton Star.
OREGON CADETS IN BLUE
STUDENT BATTALIOX OF STATES
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Excellence Attained ey Soldierly
Lads, Some of "Whom Have
Smelled Powder.
The Oregon Agricultural College Philip
pine Association was organized at Ma
nila in December, 1SS8. with a member
ship of nearly 40 graduates and undergrad
uates of the Institution. The Volunteer
regiments of five states were represent
ed. The majority of the members came
directly from the college and were wel
comed In their various commands as very
desirable recruits on account of the ex
cellent military training they had received
prior to their enlistment
All agricultural colleges throughout the
country are required by the Federal Gov
ernment to embrace. In their regular
courses of Btudy, practical Instruction In
military science. Usually officers of the
Regular Army are assigned to them as
military Instructors, but the War with
Spain, followed by the necessity for maln-
OKFIC33RS OF THE CADET BATTALION OF
taming a large army in our new island I
possessions, made it Imperative for all
regular officers to go Into active service,
and the War Department Is at present un
able to assign Instructors to these Institu
tions. Captain (then Lieutenant) Geary
was In charge at the Oregon Agricultural
College when war was declared with Spain,
and, at his request, he was sent to join
his regiment. He was killed in a fight
with the Tagal Insurgents. Since his de
parture students of the college have relied
upon the services of graduates for mllltarj
Instruction.
Cadet Commander Edwards.
The present Instructor and commander
of the cadet battalion of the college,
Frank E. Edwarde, had Ave years Instruc
tion under very capable Regular Army of
fleers. Besides, he has had a year's ex
perience In actual warfare, as a member
of the Second Regiment of Oregon Volun
teers. His fitness for his present position
Is shown by the high degree of perfection
attained by the cadet battalion, a photo
graphic group of the officers of which Is
presented on this page of Tho Oregonlan.
There are 200 students In the battalion,
those who served In the Army being ex
cused from military study. There are
three companies of Infantry, a band and
a signal corps. A field piece has been
loaned the college, and an artillery
branch will be formed during the present
term. The War Department has prom
ised two pieces of modern ordnance for
next year.
The Commandant acts as Major of the
battalion. Each company has a Captain
and a First and Second Lieutenant, se
lected from the senior class members, ac
cording to their standing in military study.
Their commissions are signed by -the presi-
dent and secretary of the board of re-
, scum, me president ot tne college ano
j the Commandant. The noncommissioned
onicers. inciuaing a Sergeant-Major, three
First Sergeants, 12 duty Sergeants, IS Cor
porals and two Buglers, are appointed by
the Commandant. Particular attention Is
paid to the schools of commissioned and
noncommissioned officers.
There are 20 members In the cadet band.
It Is organized on military principles, with
a cadet First Lieutenant as leader and
noncommissioned officers and Drum Major.
The band Is doing splendid work, and adds
much interest to the military department
o the college, and to the general college
life.
The Sljraal Corp.
The signal corps is composed of a limit
ed number of first and second-class pri
vates, under the supervision of a com
missioned officer and the necessary non
commissioned officers. A general course
of instruction, covering signal station du
ty, the sending and reading of messages
(ordinary and cipher), the study of back
grounds best suited for such work, torch
signaling, etc.. Is provided, and the sub
ject is discuesed in class. It is Intended
that, by a practical application of theoret
ical military signaling, cadets studying
this course shall become qualified to en
ter active Government service, if neces
sary. Myers code Is the one principally
used in wigwagging and military teleg
raphy. At present, the corps; Is doing ef
fective work with the flags, and will soon
take up telegraphy and probably, later
on, hellography.
A neat and attractive cadet uniform of
blue has been adopted for the cadets. The
mitimMnnnl nfflcprsi imar tho TMnilntlon
' cVinit11T rtr-iTve otu wiTnnllffn hnt xrlth
silk cord. The noncommissioned officers
have their distinctive chevrons, and, as
do also the privates, wear a cadet dress
cap. The Infantry are provided with
Springfield rifles and cartridge belts, and
all the commissioned officers carry
swords.
The large armory at the college pro
vides ample space for the battalion drills
and the various needs of the student-soldiers.
In, tne Spring, considerable atten-
THE STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
tlon Is paid to guard mounting and dress
parades, and there Is a constant endeavor
on the part of the authorities and the
students to Improve this attractive and
useful feature of the Oregon Agricultural
College.
HAD GOOD CAUSE FOR IT.
Bat When Occasion Came, He Skoired
His Plack.
"When I hear people boast what they
would or wouldn't do under the persuasion
of a six-shooter," said an old passenger
conductor to a Chicago Inter Ocean man,
"I am awfully reminded of an experience
of mine years ago, on the Iron Mountain
Railroad.
"I was station agent at the time at a lit
tle town near Texarkana, and had been
summoned up to Little Rock on some busi
ness that has nothing to do with the story.
I was In the first day coach, well up to
the front, and In- the next seat was an ex
press messenger, who nad attracted a
good deal of attention from the fact that
he wore his hair long and had a pair of
enormous revolvers stuck in h!s belt. The
rest of the car was well filled with a
mixed crowd, including perhaps a dozen
women.
"At about 9 o'clock at night, while we
were going over a very desolate part of
the Toad, the train slowed down suddenly
and before we could Inquire what was
wrong, the front door flew opsn and a
masked man stepped inside, with a sawea
off shotgun at his shoulder.
" 'Sit still.' he yelled. 'I'll turn loose
If airy soul moves a finger!' As he spoke
another masked man stepped around him
with a cocked, revolver in his hand, and
started down the aisle, looting the pas
sengers as he went, "When he came to
the express messenger he burst out laugh
ing. 'You d d scarecrow,' he said, 'what
are you doing with them guns?' and ha
snatched one of the pistols out of his belt
and hit him over the head with the butt.
Then he took the other, made him hand
over his watch and money and passed on.
The messenger wiped the blood off h,!s face
and said nothing.
"After it was all over and the robbers
had disappeared, the messenger was a
target for numerous sneering remarks.
'If I had made a break,' he said to me,
quietly, 'that feller at the door would have
blazed away with his sawed-off gun and
killed half the women folks In the car.'
At the next stopping place he got off, and
one of the women stuck her head out ot
tho window and screamed 'Coward.'
"Two days later, that same messenger
walked up to a little cabin In the moun
tains, kicked In the door, shot two oil tho
robbers dead In their tracks and captured
three others, all single-handed. I often
wondered whether the woman who hollered
'coward' heard of that Incident "
SOLID AT THE CENTER.
Interior of Earth Not Altogether a
v Molten Mans.
Of late years, says Pearson's Weekly,
the general view has been that the Inte
rior of the globe, though partly liquid,
is for the most part solid. Some have con
sldered that a section through the earth
would show the following: (1) An outer
solid envelope, (2) a semi-fluid envelope,
(3) a fluid envelope, (4) a semi-fluid envel
ope, (6) a solid nucleus.
No. 1 results from a reduced tempera
ture only; No. 2 from a pressure and tem
perature not quite sufficient for liquida
tion; No. 3 from a temperature sufficient
ly high to produce complete liquida
tion; No. 4 from a pressure so great as
to prevent even the terrific heat which
most certainly exists deep down In the
earth from completely liquefying the ma
terial on which it works; No. 5 from a
pressure which overcomes completely the
liquefying power even of the maximum
heat of the interior.
This pressure Is estimated to be, at the
center of the earth, 7,1S0.593,7TO pounds to"
the square foot a pressure so enormous
that no known tsubstance could fuse be
neath ft. Even hydrogen at the highest
possible temperature would, under such
condition?, become as hard as a diamond.
Hence it seems probable that, far from
there being a vacuum at the center of
the earth, there la a basis of intensely
solid matter there.
SHERIDAN WON THE DAY
MAXX1NG, BREVET - "BRIGADIER
AGAIN "CALLED DOWN."
Tvras "Ride From WincHester"
That Turned Union Defeat to Fa-
moHS Victory at Cedar Creelc
Concerning Sheridan's famous ride from
Winchester during our Civil War, In the
Fall of 1S64, and Its effect in retrieving
victory from disaster to the Union Army
on that occasion, Mr. S. S. Mathers, now
of Roseburg. Or., but at the time of the
battle referred to First Lieutenant of
Company A, Thirteenth Infantry of West
Virginia, attached as Aid de Camp to tho
staff of General (afterward President)
Rutherford B. Hayes, contributes an In
teresting article to The Oregonlan. He
says he took an active part In the en
gagement, and he records an energetic
denial of the statement .contained In a
recently published Boston dispatch in the
New York Press, purporting to give an
Interview with Brevet Brigadier-General
Stephen H. Manning, Volunteer Quarter
master, with the rank of Captain, in the
Sixth Corps, at the time, that Union vic
tory at Cedar Creek was not due to
Sheridan's opportune arrival on the bat
tlefield. Referring to the circumstance
that he has had frequent conversations
on the subject of the battle with Mr.
James Byron, then a Sergt-ant in one of
the regular cavalry companies, under
General Custer, but now a resident of
Douglas County, this state, Mr. Mathers
adds: '
Sheridan's Arrival.
"It is a well-known fact that the ar
rival of Sheridan changed the whole
formation of the Army. I, on that occa
sion, was serving on the staff of General
R. B. Hayes, who commanded tho Second
Brigade, Second Division, of the Army ot
West Virginia. When wo were driven
out of our tents In the morning. General
Hayes formed our line along the side
of tho pike, until our Quartermaster got
the teams up and hauled our headquarters,
tents and baggage away. I, being, at the
time Assistant Provost Marshal of the
division, -was directed to take the provost
guard a mile and a half or two miles be
low Mlddletown, and thero form a line
across the pike and arrest the panic
stricken fugitives; while there, I halted
numerous men, carrying brigade, division
and headquarters flags, along the road
to Winchester.
"Tho firing having ceased In the direc
tion of the enemy, our boys went to
making coffee. In groups, by the side of
tho road. In a little while we heard the
clatter of horses feet coming from the
direction of Winchester. We could not
tell who it was, and one of our boys
remarked: 'Them d d fools don't know
that we are having trouble here.'
"Soon we saw a large black horse com
ing up the road, with a small man sitting
on him, and another horse following close
behind. I got on my horse and rode out
CARICATURE PORTRAITS -
' JOHX PIERPOXT
to meet him. and It was Sheridan and his
Orderly. The General asked me If I knew
where General Wright was. I said no,
but that I could take him where "General
Crook was.
"I then piloted him to General Crook,
and on the way, whenever we would come
across a lot of men, seated around a
campflre, making coffee, Sheridan would
stop and tell them to join their own com
mand, or any other, and that we would
all be back in our old camps that night.
When the men found out that It was
Sheridan, they began to cheer him. gath
ered up their guns and blankets and
fiJM!fa?pSh, SLtsPsSs . a- aB1
started back to hunt up their commands
The cheering was taken up by men along
tho line, as we went on, and when we got
up to General Crook the two Generals
went oft and had a talk together.
CnanKinsr Formation.
"Soon afterward Sheridan began to send
Crook's staff officers out and make a
change In the formation of the lines. The
cavalry marched from, the right to the
extreme left, and, as Sergeant Byron has
often said, there was no work done until
Its lines were -all formed. Then Sheridan
Issued the order to advance.
"The Sixth Corps gave Early's men two
or three volleys, when they broke and
started south. This was the signal for
tho cavalry to charge, our artillery hav
ing first shelled the bridge that crossed
Cedar Creek, and where the demoralized
teamsters had left their teams and run.
The cavalry gobbled up everything that
was on the road, not giving General Ear
ly's men time to reform: as is well known,
we captured everything they had. That
J night, at 10 o clock. General Custer re
I ported to Sheridan that he had cap
i tured the enemy's last piece of artillery.
after having followed it some la miles
south.
"In view of these facts, I am surprised
that any man who was a Quartermaster
of a Volunteer regiment during the Civil
War 'should set up his judgment In oppo
sition to the reports of the officers in
command at the time of tho battle, when
it was conceded by all of the command
ing Generals that It was Sheridan who
saved the day and snatched victory from
defeat. If he would take the trouble tc
Interview President Mclnley, for. If my
memory serves me correctly, he was also
on General Hayes staff at that time,
along with Captains Farnsworth, Hicka
and Avery, and myself, he would find the
situation to be as I have related It."
STENOGRAPHIC SPEED.
It Is Not So Essential as Legibility
and Accuracy.
"Speed Is by no means the most neces
sary thing In shorthand writing," ex
plained an experienced stenographer to a
reporter of the Washington Star, "but
with some teachers it is made the great
consideration, often at the expense of
everything else. The big thing In short
hand Is legibility, for there are many who
can write fast enough, but who are un
able to tell what It means after It has
grown cold. I have been a stenographer,
depending entirely on It for my living, for
25 years. During that time I have, of
course, picked up some knowledge on the
subject. I have been the stenographer for
two Cabinet officers, four Assistant Sec
retaries and three or four Senators. Inci
dentally I have worked for a year as the
private secretary of ope of the big bank
presidents in New York City.
"All of this experience has proven one
thing very conclusively, and that Is that
there Is no necessity for any stenographer
who does amanuensis work to write over
120 words a minute, and in 99 cases out
of 100 no necessity to write over 100 words
a minute. Indeed, I know of at least 23
stenographers who are drawing the larg
est kind of salaries as private secretaries
who have assured me that they have
never been required to average as much as
90 words. Under these circumstances, It
seems strange that some teachers of ste
nography will excite pupils to write 150
to 200 words per minute, and endeavor to
make them believe that such a railroad
speed Is a necessity. Such a practice does
actual Injury, for It discourages many
from even learning a moderate speed.
There have been instances where it may
have been necessary for stenographers to
be able to write over 200 and more words
a minute, and there Is a legend hanging
about the Senate chamber that General
Hawley, for 10 or 12 minutes. In a speech,
once spoke 225 words a minute. The aver
age speed of Senators In speeches does
not reach 110 words, and In dictating let
ters rarely reaches 100 words."
FASHIONS IN FLOWERS.
Grandmother-Garden Varieties "Sow
in Eastern Vogme.
Old-fashioned flowers are now the favo
rite with smart New York women. Mari
golds, snap-dragons, fuchsias, dahlias, hol
lyhocks, bachelor buttons, daisies, zinnias,
larkspur and mignonette they may all be
seen in the windows of fashionable flor
ists, quito crowding out the rare exotics
that once held sway there. They are the
popular decoration at luncheons and din
ners. Orchids, superb roses and hybrid
hyacinths are out of favor.
Tho reaction came with the Spring. It
betrayed Itself first In a demand for vio
lets. Then pussy willows and dogwood
blossoms had their day, and the florists
kept men scouring the woods for these
harbingers of Spring.
"It Is only a fad," they said. But it ran
Into a steady demand for the flowers of
the grandmother garden variety, the stiff,
stately kinds that once grew In prim,
proper fashion in many little beds and
were never allowed to luxuriate and were
never forced Into freaks. With the excep
tion of mignonette, these blossoms are
almost without perfume. There Is no de-
MEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE.
MORGAX, FIXAXCIER.
mand now for odorous flowers. Especially
are they tabooed as table decorations.
"Oh, they are too fragrant," Is an ob
jection recently found In the East to vio
lets and lilies of hhe valley. Flowers
must have only the faintest perfume, and
this Is one reason for the sudden rush Into
favor of the old-fashioned flower.
A precursor of the fashion of old-time
flowers was the revival of the formal
garden, witi its borders of box. The New
York society fad at the moment a costly
one Is the Italian garden, the same thing
on a large scale. -
HOW TO PACK THE BASKET
ADVICE FOR JOLLY SOULS WHO &
PICNICKING WOULD GO.
Ifovr I the Season Xear for Tooth.
some Cnlclcea, Savory Sandwich.
and Hard-Bolled Eggs,
The wise picnicker, like the wise pio
neer, looks out for a place affording plen
ty of shade, wood and water. Given this
indispensable, success or failure hinges
largely upon the basket and the basket
is easier put up right than wrong. If one
only knows how to go about it.
Unless it Is a picnic ot two. do not be
tempted Into depending on a paper box.
Lunch for any number between, four and
a dozen may be beautifully stowed within
one of the straw telescope baskets, which
have dependable leather straps, and
weigh almost nothing. Line it with a
soft, big napkin before you begin pack
ing, taking care to leave a long end at
one side, to fold over the top. Upon tho
napkin put a sheet or two of paraflne pa
per, tucking it snugly into the corners.
Now you are ready for the catabl2s.
Chicken Is much better fried than broiled
for eating cold. Have the butcher un
Jolnt a pair of broiling size, carefully cut
ting the breast In two pieces, taking oft
the wings, and dividing the legs into
drumstick and second joint. Wash well,
salt and peper delicately, roll In cracker
dust, and 'fry very brown In deep, hot
fat. Take up and drain upon paper on a
hot plate, then allow to cool in open air.
For packing lay a sheet of the paraflne
paper over a wooden plate or bit of stiff
cardboard, pile the fried chicken upon It,
draw the corners of the paper over It.
and It is ready for packing. But do not
put It at the bottom of your basket. Let
the bottles of olives or pickles, or relishes
go there. They had better be opened and
the brine or vinegar poured off, both for
safety and for saving weight. Tins ot
biscuit, or sandwiches, should also go
toward the bottom. Where there are sev
eral of them It Is best to stand them on
end and wedge the bottles upright be
tween. About Sandwiches.
Either ham, tongue or smoked beef for
sandwiches Is best chopped fine, mixed
with a little butter, lemon juice and
chopped parsley, or capers, and celery
vinegar. Cut off the crust from the sand-,
wlch loaf, and butter the end before cuU
ting off a slice. Spread the filling very
evenly and press firmly together. If you
have not a sandwich box to line with
the oiled paper, pile your sandwiches
even, and wrap them In several thick
nesses of the paper. Then take loave3 ot
white and brownbread, cut off the end,
butter the loaf lightly, cut off the but
tered surface, and lay it buttered side
down upon the end crust. Keep on until
you have the whole loaf sliced, buttered
and piled nearly In its original shape.
Wrap It deftly in paper oiled paper, of
couree pass a strong rubber band over
it endwise, outside the paper, and fit It
In place. Treated thus it keeps fresh and
saves nnich time and temper. You can
stir lemon juice into the butter, or mix
in the yellow of eggs boiled for 20 min
utes and then mashed smooth. Or cream
cheese, or cottage cheese may take the
place of butter. Cottage cheese with just
a dash of salt and cayenne makes an
approach to a sandwich often more ac
ceptable than the real thing.
Wrap all such things as sliced tongue,
smoked relishes or high-flavored cheesa
first well In oiled paper, and then In tla
foil thus nothing Is either mussed or con
taminated. Nuts should be shelled and
salted that Is, fried lightly, sprinkled
with. salC drained of grease and cooled.
Put them in a. box to themselves and tla
the box securely.
Pie at a picnic is an abomination ot
desolation, custard the same, and cake
not much better. Instead of them take
fruit, plenty of fruit, and If your sweet
tooth cries aloud, a box of good candy.
Pack all these toward the bottom, let
ting your plate of chicken come toward
the top. If you carry wine, set a bottle
upright in either end of the basket, and
pack around and between them as firmly
as possible.
Wooden Plates.
Upon top of the chicken invert half a
dozen wooden plates but let not prlda
nor vanity beguile you into taking even
earthen ones. Over the plates lay a
batch of Japanese napkins at least twa
for each person to be served Stick into
the crevices here and there a steel knife,
two or three light-weight plated forks, a
full salt shaker with a dependable top,
and half a dozen small cheap glasses,
tapering enough to fit into each other.
When all are as snug as possible, fold a
colored cotton tablecloth to the size of
the basket, lay it on top of all, tuck over
it the long end of the napkin, then slip
on the basket cover; see that it fits
square, and draw the straps till you hava
a firro parcel.
Next comes wherewithal we shall drink.
With very cool water and a very hot day,
lemonade Is the thing, but coffee is never
out of place. But do not make the mis
take of carrying lemons. Dissolve a pound!
of lump sugar In water enough to cover
It, boll up once, skim, well, let cool a
little, then add the strained juice of a
dozen fresh lemons. Mix well, bottle and
cork. A teaspoonful In a glass of water
makes a delicious drink and has the
crowning mercy of requiring nothing but
the glass to make it In.
The syrup bottle can be packed In tha
coffee kettle, along with the sugar, coffee
and tea. Always take lump sugar and
plenty of it. Plenty of coffee, too, and!
be sure It Is freshly ground. Make half
a dozen bags of cheese cloth about eight
inches square, with a drawing thread at
the top. Put four tablespoonfuls of
ground coffee or two of dry tea Into each
one. then draw up and tie tight. After
filling put them in separate paper bags,
since tea will taint coffee, and vice versa.
Pack the bags, along with plenty of small
tin cups and a light tin pitcher, inside
the kettle, which ought to be of agate
ware, holding a gallon or two, and fur
- th a good handle and a close
fitting Ud.
Tea and Coffee.
In use such a kettle can be slung gypsy
fashion, but Is much safer if set upon
three rocks and fire kindled beneath. It
can be filled with water and the water
brought to a boll. Then some of tho
boiling water can be used with a bag ot
tea to make tea In the pitcher.
Next drop In bags of ground coffee
one for each three persons who are to
drink, and let the kettle boll on for five
minutes, keeping It closely covered. The
water, like the ground coffee, must, of
course be proportioned to the drinkers. A.
quart to the bagful of coffee is about
right. The result Is drinkable coffee, clear,
aromatic and refreshing, whether one be
hot or cold. Chilly days a dash of brandy
betters It. Lemon and rum may be car
ried also for the tea
As to spoons. It Is better to buy metal
ones at half a cent each than to risk
anything more valuable. Philadelphia In
qulrer. "
Missing: Verse Found.
PORTLAND. June 2. (To the Editor.)
In last Sunday's Oregonlan there wera
printed some verses, entitled "The Nest oj
Silver Wire," the last verse of which "Y.
E. B." could not recall. I committed tha
verses to memory when a school girl, and,
recited them atr an afternoon entertain,
ment. The following Is the last verse o$
the poem:
Do you suppose they ever rose.
Or higher powers possessed.
Because they knew, they DeDCd and freir
"Within a. silver- nest u